| CHAPTER I. |
| A WINTER VOYAGE ON THE BALTIC |
| Embarking at LÜbeck—Put into a Hut—The Company on Board—Night on the Baltic—Ystad—A Life Lost—Stopped by Ice—A Gale—The Swedish Coast—Arrival at DalarÖ—Conscientious Custom-House Officer | 13 |
| |
| CHAPTER II. |
| STOCKHOLM—PREPARATIONS FOR THE NORTH. |
Departure in Sleds—A Meteor—Winter Scenery—Swedish Post- Stations
—View of Stockholm—Arrival—Stockholm Weather—Swedish Ignorance of the North—Funds—Equipment | 21 |
| |
| CHAPTER III. |
| FIRST EXPERIENCES OF NORTHERN TRAVEL. |
A Swedish Diligence—Aspect of the Country—Upsala—A Fellow- Passenger—The Northern Gods—Scenery—Churches—Peasant's Houses—Arrival at Gefle—FÖrbud Papers—Speaking Swedish
—Daylight at Gefle—A Cold Italian—Experience of Skjuts and FÖrbud—We reach Snow—Night Travel—An Arabic Landlord—A Midnight Chase—Quarters at Bro—The Second Day—We reach Sundsvall | 27 |
| |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| A SLEIGH RIDE THROUGH NORRLAND. |
| Sundsvall and the Norrlanders—Purchase Sleighs—Start again— Driving on the Ice—Breakfast at FjÄl—Twilight Hymn—Angermannland —A Bleak Day—Scenery of Norrland—Postillions—Increase of Cold —Dark Travel—The Norrland People—The Country and its Products —Northern Thanks—UmeÅ—The Inn at Innertafle | 39 |
| |
| CHAPTER V. |
| PROGRESS NORTHWARD—A STORM. |
| Christmas Temperature—First Experience of intense Cold—Phenomena thereof—Arctic Travel—Splendour of the Scenery—The Northern Nature—Gross Appetites—My Nose and the Mercury Frozen—Dreary Travel—SkellefteÅ and its Temple—A Winter Storm—The Landlady at Abyn—Ploughing out—Travelling in a Tempest—Reach PiteÅ. | 50 |
| |
| CHAPTER VI. |
| JOURNEY FROM PITEÅ TO HAPARANDA. |
| Torment—Under the Aurora Borealis—A Dismal Night—Around the Bothnian Gulf—Forest Scenery—MÅnsbyn—The Suspicious Iron-Master —Brother Horton and the Cold—A Trial of Languages—Another Storm—New Year's Day—Entrance into Finland—The Finns—Haparanda | 62 |
| |
| CHAPTER VII. |
| CROSSING THE ARCTIC CIRCLE. |
| Medical Treatment—The Kind Fredrika—Morals in the North—Our Quarters at Haparanda—Vain Questions—Start for Lapland—Arctic Daylight—Campbell's TorneÅ—A Finnish Inn—Colours of the Arctic Sky—Approach to Avasaxa—Crossing the Arctic Circle—An Afternoon Sunset—Reception at Juoxengi | 72 |
| |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| ADVENTURES AMONG THE FINNS. |
| Journey up the TorneÅ—Wonders of the Winter Woods—Lapps and Reindeer—My Finnish Vocabulary—A Night Journey—Reception at Kengis—Continue the Journey—Finnish Sleds—A Hard Day—The Inn at Jokijalka—Its Inmates—Life in a Finnish Hut—An Arctic Picture—A Frozen Country—Kihlangi—A Polar Night—Parkajoki—We reach Muoniovara. | 83 |
| |
| CHAPTER IX. |
| LIFE IN LAPLAND. |
| Reception at Muoniovara—Mr. Wolley—Our Lapland Home—A Finnish Bath—Send for Reindeer—A Finnish House—Stables—The Reindeer Pulk—My first Attempt at driving Reindeer—Failure and Success —Muonioniska—View from the Hill—Fears of an old Finn—The Discovery of America—A Lapp Witch—Reindeer Accident | 98 |
| |
| CHAPTER X. |
| A REINDEER JOURNEY ACROSS LAPLAND. |
Preparations for the Journey—Departure—A lazy Deer—"Long Isaac"—An Auroral Spectacle—A Night at Palajoki—The Table-Land of Lapland
—Sagacity of the Deer—Driving a wild Reindeer—Polar Poetry—
LippajÄrvi—Picture of a Lapp—The Night—A Phantom Journey—The Track lost—A Lapp Encampment—Two Hours in a Lapp Tent—We start again—Descent into Norway—Heavy Travel—Lapp Hut in Siepe—A Fractious Reindeer—Drive to Kautokeino | 101 |
| |
| CHAPTER XI. |
| KAUTOKEINO—A DAY WITHOUT A SUN. |
Lapland Etiquette—The Inn—Quarters at the LÄnsman's—Situation of Kautokeino—Climate—Life—Habits of the Population—Approach of Sunrise—Church Service in Lapland—Cold Religion—Noonday without Sunrise—The North and the South—A Vision—Visits of the Lapps—Lars Kaino—A Field for Portrait-painting—Character of the Lapp Race—
Their present Condition—The religious Outbreak at Kautokeino—
Pastor Hvoslef—A Piano in Lapland—The Schools—Visit to a Gamme | 126 |
| |
| CHAPTER XII. |
| THE RETURN TO MUONIOVARA. |
Advantages of Lapp Costume—Turning Southward—Departure from Kautokeino—A Lapp Hut—Religion—The Reindeer—Their Qualities —Treatment by the Lapps—Annoyances of Reindeer Travel—
Endurance of Northern Girls—The Table-Land—The "Roof of the World"—Journey to LippajÄrvi—Descent to the Muonio—Female Curiosity—The Return to Muoniovara—Prosaic Life of the Lapps—Modern Prudery | 141 |
| |
| CHAPTER XIII. |
| ABOUT THE FINNS. |
| Change of Plans—Winter in Lapland—The Finns—Their Physical Appearance—Character—Drunkenness—A Spiritual Epidemic— Morality—Contradictory Customs—Family Names and Traditions —Apathy of Northern Life—The Polar Zone—Good Qualities of the Race—An English Naturalist | 154 |
| |
| CHAPTER XIV. |
| EXPERIENCES OF ARCTIC WEATHER. |
Departure from Muoniovara—50° below Zero—A terrible Day—An Arctic Night—Jokijalka again—Travelling down the TorneÅ—A Night at Kardis—Increase of Daylight—Juoxengi—A Struggle for Life—
Difficulty of keeping awake—Frozen Noses—The Norseman's Hell—Freezing Travellers—Full Daylight again—Safe Arrival at Haparanda—Comfort—The Doctor's Welcome—Drive to TorneÅ—The Weather | 164 |
| |
| CHAPTER XV. |
| INCIDENTS OF THE RETURN JOURNEY. |
| Mild Weather!—Miraculous Scenery—NÄsby—Swedish Honesty —Adventures at LuleÅ—Northern Sleds—PiteÅ—Accident at SkellefteÅ—The Norrland Climate—A damp Swede—Travelling in a Tempest—A Norrland Inn—Character of the People—Their Houses | 177 |
| |
| CHAPTER XVI. |
| CONCLUSION OF THE ARCTIC TRIP. |
| Warmth and Daylight—Swedish Linen—The Northern Women—Progress Southward—Quarrel with a Postillion—A Model Village—Rough Roads—Scarcity of Snow—Arrival at Stockholm—Remarks on Arctic Travel—Scale of Temperature—Record of Cold | 187 |
| |
| CHAPTER XVII. |
| LIFE IN STOCKHOLM. |
| Stockholm—Its Position and Appearance—The Streets and Houses— Manner of Living—Swedish Diet—Stockholm in Spring—Swedish Gymnastics—A Grotesque Spectacle—Results of Gymnastics—Ling's System—The Swedish Language—Character of the Prose and Poetry— Songs—Life in Stockholm | 197 |
| |
| CHAPTER XVIII. |
| MANNERS AND MORALS OF STOCKHOLM. |
| Hospitality of the Swedes—Northern Frenchmen—Stockholm Manners —Dress—Conventionalism—Taking off the Hat—Courtesy of the Swedish—An Anecdote—King Oscar—The Royal Family—Tendency to Detraction—The King's Illness—Morals of Stockholm—Illegitimate Births—Sham Morality—Causes of Immorality—Drunkenness—An Incident | 210 |
| |
| CHAPTER XIX. |
| JOURNEY TO GOTTENBURG AND COPENHAGEN. |
| Appearance of Spring—Departure from Stockholm—The Gotha Canal —Vreta Kloster—Scenery of the Wener—European Ideas concerning America—A Democratic Nobleman—The Gotha River—Gottenburg—The Giant's Pots—The Cattegat—Elsinore—The Sound Dues—Copenhagen and its Inhabitants—Thorwaldsen—Interview with Hans Christian Andersen—Goldschmidt—Prof. Rafn. | 222 |
| |
| CHAPTER XX. |
| RETURN TO THE NORTH.—CHRISTIANIA. |
| Visit to Germany and England—The Steamer at Hull—The North Sea —Fellow-Passengers—Christiansand—The Coast of Norway—Arrival at Christiania—Preparations for Travelling—The Carriole—Progress of Christiania—Beauty of its Environs | 235 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXI. |
| INCIDENTS OF CARRIOLE TRAVEL. |
| Disinterested Advice—Departure—Alarm—Descending the Hills—The Skyds System—Krogkleven—The King's View—Country and Country People—Summer Scenery—The Randsfjord—A Cow-Whale—The MiÖsen Lake—More than we bargained for—Astonishing Kindness—The Lake from a Steamer | 242 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXII. |
| GULDBRANDSDAL AND THE DOVRE FJELD. |
Lillehammer—A Sabbath Morning—A Picture of Dahi—Guldbrandsdal —Annoyances of Norwegian Travel—The Lougen River—Cataracts
—The Station at Viik—Sinclair's Defeat—Pass of the Rusten—The Upper Valley—Scenery of the Dovre Fjeld—Solitude of the Mountains— Jerkin—Summit of the Fjeld—Nature in the North—Defile of the Driv—A Silent Country—Valley of the Orkla—Park Scenery—A Cunning Hostess—Solidity of Norwegian Women | 254 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXIII. |
| DRONTHEIM.—VOYAGE UP THE COAST OF NORWAY. |
| Panorama of Drontheim—Its Streets and Houses—Quarters at the Hotel—Protestant High Mass—Norwegian Steamers—Parting View of —Drontheim—The Namsen Fjord—Settlements on the Coast—The Rock of TorghÄtten—The Seven Sisters—Singular Coast Scenery—The Horseman—Crossing the Arctic Circle—Coasting Craft—BodÖ—An Arctic Sunset | 269 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXIV. |
| THE LOFODEN ISLES. |
| Habits of the Arctic Summer—The Lofoden Islands—MoskÖe—The Myth of the MaelstrÖm—The Lofoden Fishermen—Improvement in the People—Lofoden Scenery—The Rasksund—Disappearance of Daylight—Character of the Scenery—TromsÖe at Midnight | 281 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXV. |
| FINMARK AND HAMMERFEST. |
| Visit to the Lapps—Scenery of Tromsdal—Phenomena of the Arctic Summer—The Lapp Gammes—A Herd of Reindeer—The Midnight Sun and its Effect—Scenery of the Alten Fjord—Pastor Hvoslef—Mr. Thomas and his Home—Altengaard—A Polar Bishop—An Excited Discussion—Whales—Appearance of Hammerfest—Fishy Quarters | 289 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXVI. |
| THE MIDNIGHT SUN. |
| Plans of Travellers—Ship for the Varanger Fjord—Scenery of MagerÖe—Miraculous Provision for human Life—Fisheries on the Coast—The Porsanger Fjord—Coast Scenery—SvÆrholtklub—Rousing the Sea Gulls—Picture of the Midnight Sun—Loss of a Night—The Church of the Lapps—Wonderful Rock-painting—Nordkyn | 300 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXVII. |
| THE VARANGER FJORD—ARCTIC LIFE. |
| The Tana Fjord—Another Midnight—Desolation—Arctic Life—The Varanger Fjord—The Fort of VardÖhuus—Arrival at VadsÖ—Summer there—More of the Lapps—Climate and Delights of Living—Rich Fishing—Jolly young Englishmen—Daylight Life—Its Effects, physical and Moral—Trees of Hammerfest—An astronomical Monument | 310 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXVIII. |
| THE RETURN TO DARKNESS—NORWEGIAN CHARACTER. |
| Splendour of the Northern Coast Scenery—Growth of Vegetation —Government of the Lapps—Pastor Lamers and his Secession— Religion in the North—An intelligent Clergyman—Discussions on Board—Starlight and Lamp-light—Character of the Norwegians —Their national Vanity—Jealousy of Sweden | 321 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXIX. |
| DRONTHEIM AND BERGEN. |
| Trouble at Drontheim—Valley of the Nid—The Lierfoss—Picture of Christiansund—Molde and Romsdal—The Vikings and their Descendants—The Rock of Hornelen—Rainy Bergen—A Group of Lepers—Norwegian Filth—Licentiousness—Picture of Bergen—Its Streets—Drunkenness—Days of Sunshine—Home-sick for Hammerfest —The Museum—Delays and dear Charges | 330 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXX. |
| A TRIP TO THE VÖRING-FOSS |
Parting View of Bergen—Lovely Scenery—Interested Kindness—The Roads of Norway—Uncomfortable Quarters—Voyage on the Osterfjord —BolstadÖren—Swindling Postillions—Arrival at Vossevangen— Morning Scenery—Agriculture in Norway—Destruction of the Forests —Descent to Vasenden—A Captain on Leave—Crossing the Fjeld—The Shores of Ulvik—Hardanger Scenery—Angling and Anglers—Pedar Halstensen—National Song of Norway—SÆbÖ—A stupendous Defile— Ascent of the Fjeld—Plateau of the Hardanger
—The VÖring-Foss—Its Grandeur—A SÆter Hut—Wonderful Wine | 341 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXXI. |
| SKETCHES FROM THE BERGENSTIFT. |
| Peder's Embarrassment—His Drowning—The Landlady—Morning at Ulvik—A Norwegian Girl—Female Ugliness—Return to Vossevangen —Indolence—Detention at Stalheim—Scenery of the NaerÖdal— Postillions—On the Gudvangen Fjord—The Sogne Fjord—Transparency of the Water—The Boatmen | 359 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXXII. |
| HALLINGDAL—THE COUNTRY-PEOPLE OF NORWAY. |
| Roads to Christiania—Southern Sunshine—Saltenaaset—The Church of Borgund—Top of the Fille Fjeld—Natives on Sunday—Peculiar Female Costume—Scarcity of Milk and Water—The Peak of Saaten—A Breakfast at Ekre—Hallingdal—Wages of Labourers—Valley Scenery —How FÖrbuds are sent—General Swindling—Character of the Norwegians for Honesty—Illustrations—Immorality—A "Cutty Sark" —Charms of Green | 370 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXXIII. |
| TELLEMARK AND THE RIUKAN-FOSS. |
| The Silver Mines of Kongsberg—Roads in Tellemark—Bargaining for Horses—The Inn at BolkesjÖ—Sleeping Admonitions—Smashing Travel—Tinoset—The Tind Lake—A Norwegian Farm-House—The Westfjord-dal and its Scenery—Ole Torgensen's Daughter—The Valley—A Leper—Defile of the Maan Elv—Picture of the Riukan-Foss —Its Beauty—A Twilight View—Supper at Ole's—The Comprehension of Man—A singular Ravine—Hitterdal—How respectable People live —The old Church—Return to Christiania | 383 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXXIV. |
| NORWAY AND SWEDEN. |
| Norwegian Honesty—The Country People—Illicit Connections—The Icelandic Language—Professor Munck—The Storthing—The Norwegian Constitution—The Farmer-State—Conversation between a German Author and a Swedish Statesman—Gottenburg—A Fire—Swedish Honesty and Courtesy—The Falls of TrollhÄtten | 398 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXXV. |
| A TRAMP THROUGH WERMELAND AND DALECARLIA. |
| Our Route—Leaving Carlstad—The Scenery—Valley of the Klar Elv —OhlsÄter—Wedding Arches—Asplund—A Night Journey—Adventures in search of a Bed—Entrance into Dalecarlia—The Farmers at TyngsjÖ—Journey through the Woods—The People at Westerdal—The Landlord at RÅgsveden—The Landlady—Dalecarlian Morality—A LÄsare—The Postillion—Poverty—A Dalecarlian Boy—Reception at Kettbo—Nocturnal Conversation—Little Pehr—The female Postillion —The LÄsare in Dalecarlia—View of Mora Valley | 407 |
| |
| CHAPTER XXXVI. |
| LAST DAYS IN THE NORTH. |
| Mora Scenery—"The Parsonage of Mora"—The Magister—Peasants from Upper Elfdal—Scenery of the Siljan—Hymns on Board—Opinions of the LÄsare—Their Increase—Conversation with the Peasants— Leksand—The Domprost Hvasser—Walk in the Garden—Dalecarlian Songs—Rainy Travel—Fahlun—Journey to Upsala—The Cholera—The Mound of Odin—SkÅl to the Gods—The End of Summer in Stockholm—Farewell to the North | 425 |
