PROJECT FOR SEABOARD PIPE-LINE PUSHED BY INDEPENDENTS—TIDEWATER PIPE COMPANY FORMED—OIL PUMPED OVER MOUNTAINS FOR THE FIRST TIME—INDEPENDENT REFINERS READY TO UNITE WITH TIDEWATER BECAUSE IT PROMISES TO FREE THEM FROM RAILROADS—THE STANDARD FACE TO FACE WITH A NEW PROBLEM—DAY OF THE RAILROADS OVER AS LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORTERS OF OIL—NATIONAL TRANSIT COMPANY FORMED—WAR ON THE TIDEWATER BEGUN—PLAN TO WRECK ITS CREDIT AND BUY IT IN—ROCKEFELLER BUYS A THIRD OF THE TIDEWATER’S STOCK—THE STANDARD AND TIDEWATER BECOME ALLIES—NATIONAL TRANSIT COMPANY NOW CONTROLS ALL PIPE-LINES—AGREEMENT ENTERED INTO WITH PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD TO DIVIDE THE BUSINESS OF TRANSPORTING OIL
ROCKEFELLER NOW PLANS TO ORGANISE OIL MARKETING AS HE HAD ALREADY ORGANISED OIL TRANSPORTING AND REFINING—WONDERFULLY EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL SYSTEM INSTALLED—CURIOUS PRACTICES INTRODUCED—REPORTS OF COMPETITORS’ BUSINESS SECURED FROM RAILWAY AGENTS—COMPETITORS’ CLERKS SOMETIMES SECURED AS ALLIES—IN MANY INSTANCES FULL RECORDS OF ALL OIL SHIPPED ARE GIVEN STANDARD BY RAILWAY AND STEAMSHIP COMPANIES—THIS INFORMATION IS USED BY STANDARD TO FIGHT COMPETITORS—COMPETITORS DRIVEN OUT BY UNDERSELLING—EVIDENCE FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY—PRETENDED INDEPENDENT OIL COMPANIES STARTED BY THE STANDARD—STANDARD’S EXPLANATION OF THESE PRACTICES IS NOT SATISFACTORY—PUBLIC DERIVES NO BENEFIT FROM TEMPORARY LOWERING OF PRICES—PRICES MADE ABNORMALLY HIGH WHEN COMPETITION IS DESTROYED
ROCKEFELLER’S SILENCE—BELIEF IN THE OIL REGIONS THAT COMBINED OPPOSITION TO HIM WAS USELESS—INDIVIDUAL OPPOSITION STILL CONSPICUOUS—THE STANDARD’S SUIT AGAINST SCOFIELD, SHURMER AND TEAGLE—SEEKS TO ENFORCE AN AGREEMENT WITH THAT FIRM TO LIMIT OUTPUT OF REFINED OIL—SCOFIELD, SHURMER AND TEAGLE ATTEMPT TO DO BUSINESS INDEPENDENTLY OF THE STANDARD AND ITS REBATES—FIND THEIR LOT HARD—THEY SUE THE LAKE SHORE AND MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILWAY FOR DISCRIMINATING AGAINST THEM—A FAMOUS CASE AND ONE THE RAILWAY LOSES—ANOTHER CASE IN THIS WAR OF INDIVIDUALS ON THE REBATE SHOWS THE STANDARD STILL TO BE TAKING DRAWBACKS—THE CASE OF GEORGE RICE AGAINST THE RECEIVER OF THE CINCINNATI AND MARIETTA RAILROAD
THE STANDARD BUYS THREE-FOURTHS OF THE VACUUM OIL WORKS OF ROCHESTER—TWO VACUUM EMPLOYEES ESTABLISH BUFFALO LUBRICATING OIL COMPANY AND TAKE WITH THEM AN EXPERIENCED STILLMAN FROM THE VACUUM—THE BUFFALO LUBRICATING OIL COMPANY HAS AN EXPLOSION AND THE STILLMAN SUDDENLY LEAVES—THE BUFFALO LUBRICATING OIL COMPANY IS SUED BY VACUUM FOR INFRINGEMENT OF PATENTS—MATTHEWS SUES THE EVERESTS OF THE VACUUM FOR DELIBERATELY TRYING TO RUIN HIS BUSINESS—MATTHEWS WINS HIS FIRST CIVIL SUIT—HE FILES A SECOND SUIT FOR DAMAGES, AND SECURES THE INDICTMENT OF SEVERAL STANDARD OFFICIALS FOR CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY—ROGERS, ARCHBOLD AND McGREGOR ACQUITTED—THE EVERESTS FINED
OIL MEN CHARGE STANDARD WITH INTRENCHING ITSELF IN STATE AND NATIONAL POLITICS—ELECTION OF PAYNE TO SENATE IN OHIO IN 1884 CLAIMED TO ESTABLISH CHARGE OF BRIBERY—FULL INVESTIGATION OF PAYNE’S ELECTION DENIED BY UNITED STATES SENATE COMMITTEE ON ELECTIONS—PAYNE HIMSELF DOES NOT DEMAND INVESTIGATION—POPULAR FEELING AGAINST STANDARD IS AGGRAVATED—THE BILLINGSLEY BILL IN THE PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATURE—A FORCE BILL DIRECTED AGAINST THE STANDARD—OIL MEN FIGHT HARD FOR IT—THE BILL IS DEFEATED—STANDARD CHARGED WITH USING MONEY AGAINST IT—A GROWING DEMAND FOR FULL KNOWLEDGE OF THE STANDARD A RESULT OF THESE SPECIFIC CASES
EPIDEMIC OF TRUST INVESTIGATION IN 1888—STANDARD INVESTIGATED BY NEW YORK STATE SENATE—ROCKEFELLER’S REMARKABLE TESTIMONY—INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE OF THE MYSTERIOUS STANDARD OIL TRUST—ORIGINAL STANDARD OIL TRUST AGREEMENT REVEALED—INVESTIGATION OF THE STANDARD BY CONGRESS IN 1888—AS A RESULT OF THE UNCOVERING OF THE STANDARD OIL TRUST AGREEMENT ATTORNEY-GENERAL WATSON OF OHIO BEGINS AN ACTION IN QUO WARRANTO AGAINST THE TRUST—MARCUS A. HANNA AND OTHERS TRY TO PERSUADE WATSON NOT TO PRESS THE SUIT—WATSON PERSISTS—COURT FINALLY DECIDES AGAINST STANDARD AND TRUST IS FORCED TO MAKE AN APPARENT DISSOLUTION
PRODUCERS’ PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION FORMED—A SECRET INDEPENDENT ORGANIZATION INTENDED TO HANDLE ITS OWN OIL—AGREEMENT MADE WITH STANDARD TO CUT DOWN PRODUCTION—RESULTS OF AGREEMENT NOT AS BENEFICIAL TO PRODUCERS AS EXPECTED—PRODUCERS PROCEED TO ORGANISE PRODUCERS’ OIL COMPANY, LIMITED—INDEPENDENT REFINERS AGREE TO SUPPORT MOVEMENT—PRODUCERS AND REFINERS’ COMPANY FORMED—LEWIS EMERY, JR.’S, FIGHT FOR SEABOARD PIPE-LINE—THE UNITED STATES PIPE LINE—STANDARD’S DESPERATE OPPOSITION—INDEPENDENT REFINERS ALMOST WORN OUT—THEY ARE RELIEVED BY FORMATION OF PURE OIL COMPANY—PURE OIL COMPANY FINALLY BECOMES HEAD OF INDEPENDENT CONSOLIDATION—INDEPENDENCE POSSIBLE, BUT COMPETITION NOT RESTORED
EARLIEST DESIGNS FOR CONSOLIDATION INCLUDE PLANS TO HOLD UP THE PRICE OF OIL—SOUTH IMPROVEMENT COMPANY SO INTENDS—COMBINATION OF 1872–1873 MAKES OIL DEAR—SCHEME FAILS AND PRICES DROP—THE STANDARD’S GREAT PROFITS IN 1876–1877 THROUGH ITS SECOND SUCCESSFUL CONSOLIDATION—RETURN OF COMPETITION AND LOWER PRICES—STANDARD’S FUTILE ATTEMPT IN
