By William Shakespeare

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

Having read Lamb’s version of the story, we are ready for the play as Shakespeare wrote it. To begin with, we will read it through from beginning to end with as little hesitation and delay as possible. We shall not expect to understand it all, and will pass over the more difficult passages without attempting to master them. If at times we are unable to go on intelligently, we will look at the notes at the bottom of the pages and get the help we need. This reading, however, is intended merely to give us a general idea of the play. We are spying out the land as a general might do it, trying to see what kind of a country we are invading, and to locate the places where we are liable to meet with resistance. We will stop a moment now and then to shudder at Caliban, to admire Prospero, to love the sweet Miranda or to laugh at the nonsense of the jester and the drunken butler, but we will hasten on to the end nevertheless, knowing that we will become better acquainted with the people at another time.

Having finished the play, we will return to the beginning for a second, a slower, more careful reading. Now many things that at first seemed obscure will have cleared themselves by our greater knowledge of the play. This time, however, we must read every sentence carefully and try to understand the meaning of all. The footnotes should all be read, because it often happens that when we think we understand what a sentence signifies, we give the wrong meaning to a word or phrase, and hence change the whole sense.

When this second reading has been completed, we will have a good understanding of the play, a more intimate acquaintance with the characters, and be ready for the more interesting studies which follow the play.

THE PERSONS

Alonso, King of Naples.

Sebastian, his Brother.

Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan.

Antonio, his Brother, the usurping Duke of Milan.

Ferdinand, Son to the King of Naples.

Gonzalo, an honest old Counsellor of Naples.

Adrian, Francisco, Lords.

Caliban, a savage and deformed Slave.

Trinculo, a Jester.

Stephano, a drunken Butler.

Master of a Ship, Boatswain, and Mariners.

Miranda, Daughter to Prospero.

Ariel, an airy Spirit.

Other Spirits attending on Prospero.

Iris, Ceres, Juno, Nymphs, Reapers, presented by Spirits.

Scene, a Ship at Sea; afterwards an uninhabited Island.

ACT I

Scene I.—On a Ship at sea. A Storm, with Thunder and Lightning.

Enter Master and Boatswain severally.

Master speaks.

Boatswain!

Boats. Here, master: what cheer?

Mast. Good,366-1 speak to the mariners: fall to’t yarely,366-2 or we run ourselves a-ground: bestir, bestir. [Exit.

Enter Mariners.

Boats. Heigh, my hearts! cheerly, cheerly, my hearts! yare, yare! Take in the top-sail. Tend to the master’s whistle. [Exeunt Mariners.]—Blow till thou burst thy wind,366-3 if room enough!366-4

Enter Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, Ferdinand, Gonzalo, and Others.

Alon. Good boatswain, have care. Where’s the master? Play the men.366-5

Boats. I pray now, keep below.

Anto. Where is the master, boatswain?

Boats. Do you not hear him? You mar our labour: keep your cabins; you do assist the storm.Gonza. Nay, good, be patient.

Boats. When the sea is. Hence! What care these roarers for the name of king? To cabin: silence! trouble us not.

Gonza. Good, yet remember whom thou hast aboard.

Boats. None that I more love than myself. You are a counsellor: if you can command these elements to silence, and work the peace of the present,367-6 we will not hand a rope more; use your authority: if you cannot, give thanks you have lived so long, and make yourself ready in your cabin for the mischance of the hour, if it so hap.367-7—Cheerly, good hearts!—Out of our way, I say. [Exit.

Gonza. I have great comfort from this fellow: methinks he hath no drowning-mark upon him; his complexion367-8 is perfect gallows.—Stand fast, good Fate, to his hanging! make the rope of his destiny our cable, for our own doth little advantage! If he be not born to be hang’d, our case is miserable. [Exeunt.

Re-enter Boatswain.

Boats. Down with the top-mast! yare; lower, lower! Bring her to try wi’ th’ main-course.367-9 [A cry within.] A plague upon this howling! they are louder than the weather or our office,367-10—

Re-enter Sebastian, Antonio, and Gonzalo.

Yet again! what do you here? Shall we give o’er, and drown? Have you a mind to sink?

Sebas. A pox o’ your throat, you bawling, blasphemous, incharitable dog!

Boats. Work you, then.

Anto. Hang, cur, hang! you insolent noisemaker, we are less afraid to be drown’d than thou art.

Gonza. I’ll warrant him for drowning,368-11 though the ship were no stronger than a nut-shell.

Boats. Lay her a-hold, a-hold! set her two courses!368-12 off to sea again: lay her off!

Re-enter Mariners, wet.

Mariners. All lost! to prayers, to prayers! all lost! [Exeunt.

Boats. What, must our mouths be cold?

Gonza. The King and Prince at prayers! let us assist them,
For our case is as theirs.

Sebas. I’m out of patience.

Anto. We’re merely368-13 cheated out of our lives by drunkards.
This wide-chopp’d rascal—would thou mightst lie drowning,
The washing of ten tides!

Gonza. He’ll be hang’d yet,
Though every drop of water swear against it,
And gape at widest to glut368-14 him.

(A confused noise within.) Mercy on us! We split, we split!—Farewell, my wife and children!—Farewell, brother!—We split, we split, we split!

[Exit Boatswain.

Anto. Let’s all sink wi’ th’ King. [Exit.

Sebas. Let’s take leave of him. [Exit.

Gonza. Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an acre of barren ground; ling, heath, broom, furze,369-15 anything. The wills369-16 above be done! but I would fain die a dry death. [Exit.

Scene II.—The Island: before the Cell of Prospero.

Enter Prospero and Miranda.

Mira. If by your art, my dearest father, you have
Put the wild waters in this roar, allay them.
The sky, it seems, would pour down stinking pitch,
But that the sea, mounting to th’ welkin’s cheek,369-1
Dashes the fire out. O, I have suffer’d
With those that I saw suffer! a brave369-2 vessel,
Who had no doubt some noble creatures in her,
Dash’d all to pieces. O, the cry did knock
Against my very heart! Poor souls, they perish’d!
Had I been any god of power, I would
Have sunk the sea within the earth, or e’er369-3
It should the good ship so have swallow’d, and
The fraughting370-4 souls within her.

Pros. Be collected;
No more amazement:370-5 tell your piteous heart
There’s no harm done.

Mira. O, woe the day!

Pros. No harm.
I have done nothing but in care of thee,—
Of thee, my dear one, thee, my daughter,—who
Art ignorant of what thou art, nought knowing
Of whence I am; nor that I am more better370-6
Than Prospero, master of a full-poor cell,
And thy no greater father.

Mira. More to know
Did never meddle370-7 with my thoughts.

Pros. ’Tis time
I should inform thee further. Lend thy hand,
And pluck my magic garment from me.—So: [Lays down his robe.
Lie there, my art.370-8—Wipe thou thine eyes; have comfort.
The direful spectacle of the wreck, which touch’d
The very virtue of compassion in thee,
I have with such prevision in mine art
So safely order’d, that there is no soul370-9—
No, not so much perdition as an hair
Betid to any creature in the vessel
Which thou heard’st cry, which thou saw’st sink. Sit down;
For thou must now know further.

Mira. You have often
Begun to tell me what I am; but stopp’d
And left me to a bootless inquisition,372-10
Concluding, Stay, not yet.

Pros. The hour’s now come;
The very minute bids thee ope thine ear:
Obey, and be attentive. Canst thou remember
A time before we came unto this cell?
I do not think thou canst; for then thou wast not
Out372-11 three years old.

Mira. Certainly, sir, I can.

Pros. By what? by any other house or person?
Of any thing the image tell me that
Hath kept with thy remembrance.

Mira. ’Tis far off,
And rather like a dream than an assurance
That my remembrance warrants. Had I not
Four or five women once that tended me?

Pros. Thou hadst, and more, Miranda. But how is it
That this lives in thy mind? What see’st thou else
In the dark backward and abysm of time?
If thou remember’st aught ere thou camest here,
How thou camest here, thou mayst.372-12

Mira. But that I do not.

Pros. Twelve year since, Miranda, twelve year since,
Thy father was the Duke of Milan, and
A prince of power.

Mira. Sir, are you not my father?

Pros. Thy mother was a piece of virtue, and
She said thou wast my daughter; and thy father
Was Duke of Milan; thou his only heir,
A princess—no worse issued.

Mira. O the Heavens!
What foul play had we, that we came from thence?
Or blessÈd was’t we did?

Pros. Both, both, my girl:
By foul play, as thou say’st, were we heaved thence;
But blessedly holp373-13 hither.

Mira. O, my heart bleeds
To think o’ the teen373-14 that I have turn’d you to,
Which is from my remembrance! Please you, further.373-15

Pros. My brother, and thy uncle, call’d Antonio,—
I pray thee, mark me;—that a brother should
Be so perfidious!—he whom, next thyself,
Of all the world I loved, and to him put
The manage373-16 of my State; as, at that time,
Through all the signiories373-17 it was the first,
And Prospero the prime373-18 Duke; being so reputed
In dignity, and for the liberal arts
Without a parallel: those being all my study,
The government I cast upon my brother,
And to my State grew stranger, being transported
And rapt in secret studies. Thy false uncle,—
Dost thou attend me?

Mira. Sir, most heedfully.

Pros.—Being once perfected how to grant suits,
How to deny them; who374-19 t’ advance, and who
To trash374-20 for over-topping374-21—new-created
The creatures that were mine, I say, or changed ’em,
Or else new-form’d ’em; having both the key374-22
Of officer and office, set all hearts i’ the State
To what tune pleased his ear; that374-23 now he was
The ivy which had hid my princely trunk,
And suck’d the verdure out on’t. Thou attend’st not.

Mira. O good sir, I do.

Pros. I pray thee, mark me.
I thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated
To closeness,374-24 and the bettering of my mind
With that which, but374-25 by being so retired,
O’er-prized all popular rate,374-26 in my false brother
Awaked an evil nature; and my trust,
Like a good parent, did beget of him
A falsehood, in its contrary as great
As my trust was; which had indeed no limit,
A confidence sans375-27 bound. He being thus lorded,
Not only with what my revenue yielded,
But what my power might else exact,—like one
Who having unto truth, by falsing of it,375-28
Made such a sinner of his memory
To375-29 credit his own lie,—he did believe
He was indeed the Duke; out o’ the substitution,375-30
And executing the outward face of royalty,
With all prerogative: hence his ambition growing,—
Dost thou hear?375-31

Mira. Your tale, sir, would cure deafness.

Pros. To have no screen between this part he play’d
And them he play’d it for, he needs will be
Absolute Milan.375-32 Me,375-33 poor man, my library
Was dukedom large enough: of temporal royalties
He thinks me now incapable; confederates—
So dry he was for sway376-34—wi’ th’ King of Naples
To give him annual tribute, do him homage,
Subject his coronet to his crown, and bend
The dukedom, yet unbow’d,—alas, poor Milan!376-35—
To most ignoble stooping.376-36

Mira. O the Heavens!

Pros. This King of Naples, being an enemy
To me inveterate, hearkens my brother’s suit;
Which was, that he, in lieu376-37 o’ the premises,—
Of homage, and I know not how much tribute,—
Should presently376-38 extirpate me and mine
Out of the dukedom, and confer fair Milan,
With all the honours, on my brother: whereon,
A treacherous army levied, one midnight
Fated to th’ practice376-39 did Antonio open
The gates of Milan; and, i’ the dead of darkness,
The ministers for th’ purpose hurried thence
Me and thy crying self.376-40

Mira. Alack, for pity!
I, not remembering how I cried on’t then,
Will cry it o’er again: it is a hint377-41
That wrings mine eyes to’t.

Pros. Hear a little further,
And then I’ll bring thee to the present business
Which now’s upon’s;377-42 without the which this story
Were most impertinent.377-43

Mira. Wherefore did they not
That hour destroy us?

Pros. Well demanded, wench:377-44
My tale provokes that question. Dear, they durst not—
So dear the love my people bore me—set
A mark so bloody on the business; but
With colours fairer painted their foul ends.
In few,377-45 they hurried us aboard a bark,
Bore us some leagues to sea; where they prepared
A rotten carcass of a boat, not rigg’d,
Nor tackle, sail, nor mast; the very rats
Instinctively had quit it: there they hoist377-46 us,
To cry to th’ sea that roar’d to us; to sigh
To th’ winds, whose pity, sighing back again,
Did us but loving wrong.

Mira. Alack, what trouble
Was I then to you!

Pros. O, a cherubim
Thou wast that did preserve me! Thou didst smile,
InfusÈd with a fortitude from Heaven,
When I have degg’d378-47 the sea with drops full salt,
Under my burden groan’d; which raised in me
An undergoing stomach,378-48 to bear up
Against what should ensue.

Mira. How came we ashore?

Pros. By Providence divine.
Some food we had, and some fresh water, that
A noble Neapolitan, Gonzalo,
Out of his charity,—being then appointed
Master of this design,—did give us; with
Rich garments, linens, stuffs, and necessaries,
Which since have steaded378-49 much; so, of his gentleness,
Knowing I loved my books, he furnish’d me,
From mine own library, with volumes that
I prize above my dukedom.

Mira. Would I might
But ever see that man!

Pros. Now I arise:378-50
Sit still, and hear the last of our sea-sorrow.
Here in this island we arrived; and here
Have I, thy schoolmaster, made thee more profit378-51
Than other princesses can, that have more time
For vainer hours, and tutors not so careful.

Mira. Heavens thank you for’t! And now, I pray you, sir,—
For still ’tis beating in my mind,—your reason
For raising this sea-storm?

Pros. Know thus far forth:
By accident most strange, bountiful Fortune—
Now my dear lady—hath mine enemies
Brought to this shore; and by my prescience
I find my zenith379-52 doth depend upon
A most auspicious star, whose influence
If now I court not, but omit, my fortunes
Will ever after droop.379-53 Here cease more questions:
Thou art inclined to sleep; ’tis a good dulness,
And give it way: I know thou canst not choose.379-54
[Miranda sleeps.
Come away, servant, come! I’m ready now:
Approach, my Ariel; come!

Enter Ariel.

Ari. All hail, great master! grave sir, hail! I come
To answer thy best pleasure; be’t to fly,
To swim, to dive into the fire, to ride
On the curl’d clouds: to thy strong bidding task
Ariel and all his quality.379-55

Pros. Hast thou, spirit,
Perform’d to point379-56 the tempest that I bade thee?

Ari. To every article.
I boarded the King’s ship; now on the beak,379-57
Now in the waist,380-58 the deck, in every cabin,
I flamed amazement: sometime I’d divide,
And burn in many places; on the top-mast,
The yards, and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly,380-59
Then meet and join. Jove’s lightnings, the precursors
O’ the dreadful thunder-claps, more momentary380-60
And sight-outrunning were not: the fire, and cracks
Of sulphurous roaring, the most mighty Neptune
Seem’d to besiege, and make his bold waves tremble.
Yea, his dread trident shake.

Pros. My brave spirit!
Who was so firm, so constant, that this coil380-61
Would not infect his reason?

Ari. Not a soul
But felt a fever of the mad,380-62 and play’d
Some tricks of desperation. All but mariners
Plunged in the foaming brine, and quit the vessel.
Then all a-fire with me: The King’s son, Ferdinand,
With hair up-staring,380-63—then like reeds, not hair,—
Was the first man that leap’d; cried, Hell is empty,
And all the devils are here.

Pros. Why, that’s my spirit!
But was not this nigh shore?

Ari. Close by, my master.

Pros. But are they, Ariel, safe?

Ari. Not a hair perish’d;
On their unstaining381-64 garments not a blemish,
But fresher than before: and, as thou badest me,
In troops I have dispersed them ’bout the isle.
The King’s son have I landed by himself;
Whom I left cooling of the air with sighs
In an odd angle381-65 of the isle, and sitting,
His arms in this sad knot.381-66

Pros. Of the King’s ship
The mariners, say, how hast thou disposed,
And all the rest o’ the fleet?381-67

Ari. Safely in harbour
Is the King’s ship; in the deep nook, where once
Thou call’dst me up at midnight to fetch dew
From the still-vex’d Bermoothes,381-68 there she’s hid:
The mariners all under hatches stow’d;
Who, with a charm join’d to their suffer’d labour,
I’ve left asleep:381-69 and, for the rest o’ the fleet
Which I dispersed, they all have met again,
And are upon the Mediterranean flote,382-70
Bound sadly home for Naples;
Supposing that they saw the King’s ship wreck’d,
And his great person perish.

Pros. Ariel, thy charge
Exactly is performed: but there’s more work.
What is the time o’ the day?

Ari. Past the mid season,
At least two glasses.382-71

Pros. The time ’twixt six and now
Must by us both be spent most preciously.

Ari. Is there more toil? Since thou dost give me pains,
Let me remember382-72 thee what thou hast promised,
Which is not yet perform’d382-73 me.

Pros. How now! moody?
What is’t thou canst demand?

Ari. My liberty.

Pros. Before the time be out? no more!382-74

Ari. I pr’ythee,
Remember I have done thee worthy service;
Told thee no lies, made no mistakings, served
Without or grudge or grumblings: thou didst promise
To bate me a full year.382-75

Pros. Dost thou forget
From what a torment I did free thee?

Ari. No.

Pros. Thou dost; and think’st it much to tread the ooze
Of the salt deep; to run upon the sharp
Wind of the North; to do me business in
The veins o’ the earth when it is baked with frost.383-76

Ari. I do not, sir.

Pros. Thou liest, malignant thing!383-77 Hast thou forgot
The foul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy383-78
Was grown into a hoop? hast thou forgot her?

Ari. No, sir.

Pros. Thou hast: where was she born? speak; tell me.

Ari. Sir, in Argier.383-79

Pros. O, was she so? I must
Once in a month recount what thou hast been,
Which thou forgett’st. This damn’d witch Sycorax,
For mischiefs manifold, and sorceries terrible
To enter human hearing, from Argier,
Thou know’st, was banish’d. Is not this true?

Ari. Ay, sir.

Pros. This blue-eyed hag383-80 was hither brought,
And here was left by th’ sailors. Thou, my slave,
As thou report’st thyself, wast then her servant;
And, for383-81 thou wast a spirit too delicate
To act her earthy and abhorr’d commands,
Refusing her grand hests,384-82 she did confine thee,
By help of her more potent ministers,
And in her most unmitigable rage,
Into384-83 a cloven pine; within which rift
Imprison’d thou didst painfully remain
A dozen years; within which space she died,
And left thee there; where thou didst vent thy groans
As fast as mill-wheels strike. Then was this island—
Save for the son that she did litter here,384-84
A freckled whelp, hag-born—not honour’d with
A human shape.

Ari. Yes, Caliban her son.

Pros. Dull thing, I say so; he, that Caliban,
Whom now I keep in service. Thou best know’st
What torment I did find thee in: thy groans
Did make wolves howl, and penetrate the breasts
Of ever-angry bears. It was a torment
To lay upon the damn’d, which Sycorax
Could not again undo: it was mine art,
When I arrived and heard thee, that made gape
The pine, and let thee out.

Ari. I thank thee, master.

Pros. If thou more murmur’st, I will rend an oak,
And peg thee in his knotty entrails, till
Thou’st howl’d away twelve Winters.

Ari. Pardon, master:
I will be correspondent384-85 to command,
And do my spriting gently.

Pros. Do so; and after two days
I will discharge thee.

Ari. That’s my noble master!
What shall I do? say what; what shall I do?

Pros. Go make thyself like to a nymph o’ the sea:
Be subject to no sight but mine; invisible
To every eyeball else. Go take this shape,
And hither come in’t: hence, with diligence!—
[Exit Ariel.
Awake, dear heart, awake! thou hast slept well;
Awake!

Mira. [Waking.] The strangeness of your story put
Heaviness in me.

Pros. Shake it off. Come on;
We’ll visit Caliban my slave, who never
Yields us kind answer.

Mira. ’Tis a villain, sir,
I do not love to look on.

Pros. But, as ’tis,
We cannot miss him:385-86 he does make our fire,
Fetch in our wood, and serves in offices
That profit us.—What, ho! slave! Caliban!
Thou earth, thou! speak.

Cal. [Within.] There’s wood enough within.

Pros. Come forth, I say! there’s other business for thee:
Come forth, thou tortoise! when!385-87—

Re-enter Ariel, like a Water-nymph.

Fine apparition! My quaint386-88 Ariel,
Hark in thine ear.

Ari. My lord, it shall be done. [Exit.

Pros. Thou poisonous slave, come forth!

Enter Caliban.

Cal. As wicked386-89 dew as e’er my mother brush’d
With raven’s feather from unwholesome fen
Drop on you both! a south-west blow on ye,
And blister you all o’er!386-90

Pros. For this, be sure, to-night thou shalt have cramps,
Side-stitches386-91 that shall pen thy breath up; urchins386-92
Shall, for that vast386-93 of night that they may work,
All exercise on thee; thou shalt be pinch’d
As thick as honeycomb, each pinch more stinging
Than bees that made ’em.

Cal. I must eat my dinner
This island’s mine, by Sycorax my mother.
Which thou takest from me. When thou camest here first,
Thou strokedst me, and madest much of me; wouldst give me
Water with berries in’t386-94 and teach me how
To name the bigger light, and how the less,
That burn by day and night: and then I loved thee,
And show’d thee all the qualities o’ the isle,
The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place, and fertile.
CursÈd be that I did so! All the charms
Of Sycorax, toads, beetles, bats, light on you!
For I am all the subjects that you have,
Which first was mine own king: and here you sty387-95 me
In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from me
The rest o’ the island.

Pros. AbhorrÈd slave,
Which any print of goodness wilt not take,
Being capable of all ill! I pitied thee,
Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour
One thing or other: when thou didst not, savage,
Know thine own meaning,387-96 but wouldst gabble like
A thing most brutish, I endow’d thy purposes
With words that made them known. But thy vile race,
Though thou didst learn, had that in’t which good natures
Could not abide to be with; therefore wast thou
Deservedly confined into this rock,
Who hadst deserved more than a prison.

Cal. You taught me language; and my profit on’t
Is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid387-97 you
For learning me your language!

Pros. Hag-seed, hence!
Fetch us in fuel; and be quick, thou’rt best,
To answer other business. Shrugg’st thou, malice?
If thou neglect’st, or dost unwillingly
What I command, I’ll rack thee with old388-98 cramps,
Fill all thy bones with achÈs, make thee roar,
That beasts shall tremble at thy din.

Cal. No, pray thee.—
[Aside.] I must obey: his art is of such power,
It would control my dam’s god, Setebos,
And make a vassal of him.

Pros. So, slave; hence!

[Exit Caliban.

Re-enter Ariel, invisible, playing and singing; Ferdinand following.

Ariel’s Song

Come unto these yellow sands,
And then take hands:
Curtsied when you have, and kiss’d
The wild waves whist,388-99
Foot it featly here and there;
And, sweet sprites, the burden bear.

Hark, hark!		Burden dispersedly.
The watch-dogs bark:		Bow-wow.
Hark, hark! I hear;		Bow-wow.
The strain of strutting chanticleer.		Cock-a-diddle-dow.

Ferd. Where should this music be? i’ the air, or th’ earth?
It sounds no more: and, sure, it waits upon
Some god o’ the island. Sitting on a bank,
Weeping again the King my father’s wreck,
This music crept by me upon the waters,
Allaying both their fury and my passion389-100
With its sweet air: thence I have follow’d it,
Or it hath drawn me rather. But ’tis gone.
No, it begins again.

Ariel sings.

Full fathom five thy father lies;
Of his bones are coral made;
Those are pearls that were his eyes:
Nothing of him that doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change389-101
Into something rich and strange.
Sea-nymphs hourly ring his knell:

Burden. Ding-Dong.

Hark! now I hear them,—Ding-Dong, bell.

Ferd. The ditty does remember my drown’d father.
This is no mortal business, nor no sound
That the earth owes.389-102 I hear it now above me.

Pros. The fringÈd curtains of thine eyes advance,389-103
And say what thou see’st yond.

Mira. What is’t? A spirit?
Lord, how it looks about! Believe me, sir,
It carries a brave389-104 form. But ’tis a spirit.

Pros. No, wench: it eats and sleeps, and hath such senses
As we have, such. This gallant which thou see’st
Was in the wreck; and, but he’s something stain’d
With grief, that’s beauty’s canker,390-105 thou mightst call him
A goodly person: he hath lost his fellows,
And strays about to find ’em.

Mira. I might call him
A thing divine; for nothing natural
I ever saw so noble.390-106

Pros. [Aside.] It goes on,390-107 I see,
As my soul prompts it.—Spirit, fine spirit! I’ll free thee
Within two days for this.

Ferd. Most sure, the goddess
On whom these airs attend!—Vouchsafe my prayer
May know if you remain upon this island;
And that you will some good instruction give
How I may bear me here: my prime request,
Which I do last pronounce, is,—O you wonder!—
If you be maid or no?390-108

Mira. No wonder,390-109 sir;
But certainly a maid.

Ferd. My language!390-110 Heavens!—
I am the best of them that speak this speech,
Were I but where ’tis spoken.

Pros. How! the best?
What wert thou, if the King of Naples heard thee?

Ferd. A single thing,391-111 as I am now, that wonders
To hear thee speak of Naples. He does hear me;
And that he does I weep: myself am Naples;391-112
Who with mine eyes, ne’er since at ebb, beheld
The King my father wreck’d.

Mira. Alack, for mercy!

Ferd. Yes, faith, and all his lords; the Duke of Milan
And his brave son391-113 being twain.

Pros. [Aside.] The Duke of Milan
And his more braver daughter could control thee,391-114
If now t’were fit to do’t. At the first sight
They have changed eyes.—Delicate Ariel,
I’ll set thee free for this!391-115—A word, good sir;
I fear you’ve done yourself some wrong:391-116 a word.

Mira. Why speaks my father so ungently? This
Is the third man that e’er I saw; the first
That e’er I sigh’d for: pity move my father
To be inclined my way!

Ferd. O, if a virgin,
And your affection not gone forth, I’ll make you
The Queen of Naples.

Pros. Soft, sir! one word more.—
[Aside.] They’re both in either’s powers: but this swift business
I must uneasy make, lest too light winning
Make the prize light.392-117—One word more; I charge thee
That thou attend me: Thou dost here usurp
The name thou owest not; and hast put thyself
Upon this island as a spy, to win it
From me, the lord on’t.

Ferd. No, as I’m a man.

Mira. There’s nothing ill can dwell in such a temple:
If the ill spirit have so fair a house,
Good things will strive to dwell with’t.

Pros. [To Ferd.] Follow me—
Speak not you for him; he’s a traitor.—Come;
I’ll manacle thy neck and feet together:
Sea-water shalt thou drink; thy food shall be
The fresh-brook muscles, wither’d roots, and husks
Wherein the acorn cradled: follow.

Ferd. No;
I will resist such entertainment, till
Mine enemy has more power.

[He draws, and is charmed from moving.

Mira. O dear father,
Make not too rash a trial of him, for
He’s gentle, and not fearful.392-118

Pros. What, I say,
My fool my tutor!—Put thy sword up, traitor;
Who makest a show, but darest not strike, thy conscience
Is so possess’d with guilt: come from thy ward;393-119
For I can here disarm thee with this stick,
And make thy weapon drop.

Mira. Beseech you, father!—

Pros. Hence! hang not on my garments.

Mira. Sir, have pity;
I’ll be his surety.

Pros. Silence! one word more
Shall make me chide thee, if not hate thee. What!
An advocate for an impostor? hush!
Thou think’st there are no more such shapes as he,
Having seen but him and Caliban: foolish wench!
To th’ most of men this is a Caliban,
And they to him are angels.

Mira. My affections
Are, then, most humble; I have no ambition
To see a goodlier man.

Pros. [To Ferd.] Come on; obey:
Thy nerves393-120 are in their infancy again,
And have no vigour in them.

Ferd. So they are:
My spirits, as in a dream, are all bound up.
My father’s loss, the weakness which I feel,
The wreck of all my friends, and this man’s threats
To whom I am subdued, are light to me,
Might I but through my prison once a day
Behold this maid: all corners else o’ the Earth
Let liberty make use of; space enough
Have I in such a prison.

Pros. [Aside.] It works.—[To Ferd.] Come on.—
Thou hast done well, fine Ariel!—Follow me.—
[To Ariel.] Hark, what thou else shalt do me.

Mira. Be of comfort;
My father’s of a better nature, sir,
Than he appears by speech: this is unwonted
Which now came from him.

Pros. [To Ariel.] Thou shalt be as free
As mountain winds: but then exactly do
All points of my command.

Ari. To th’ syllable.

Pros. Come, follow.—Speak not for him.

[Exeunt.

Enter Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, Gonzalo, Adrian, Francisco, and Others.

Gonzalo speaks.

Beseech you, sir, be merry: you have cause—
So have we all—of joy; for our escape
Is much beyond our loss. Our hint of woe
Is common; every day some sailor’s wife,
The master of some merchant,394-1 and the merchant,
Have just our theme of woe: but for the miracle—
I mean our preservation—few in millions
Can speak like us: then wisely, good sir, weigh
Our sorrow with our comfort.

Alon. Pr’ythee, peace.

Sebas. He receives comfort like cold porridge.

Anto. The visitor395-2 will not give him o’er so.

Sebas. Look, he’s winding up the watch of his wit; by-and-by it will strike.

Gonza. Sir,—

Sebas. One:—tell.395-3

Gonza.—When every grief is entertained that’s offer’d,
Comes to the entertainer—

Sebas. A dollar.

Gonza. Dolour395-4 comes to him, indeed; you have spoken truer than you purposed.

Sebas. You have taken it wiselier than I meant you should.

Gonza. Therefore, my lord,—

Anto. Fie, what a spendthrift is he of his tongue!

Alon. I pr’ythee, spare me.

Gonza. Well, I have done: but yet—

Sebas. He will be talking.

Anto. Which, of he or Adrian,395-5 for a good wager, first begins to crow?

Sebas. The old cock.395-6

Anto. The cockerel.

Sebas. Done! The wager?

Anto. A laughter.

Sebas. A match!395-7Adri. Though this island seem to be desert,—

Sebas. Ha, ha, ha!—So, you’re paid.396-8

Adri.—uninhabitable, and almost inaccessible,—

Sebas. Yet—

Adri.—yet—

Anto. He could not miss’t.

Adri.—it must needs be of subtle, tender, and delicate temperance.396-9

Anto. Temperance was a delicate wench.396-10

Sebas. Ay, and a subtle; as he most learnedly delivered.

Adri. The air breathes upon us here most sweetly.

Sebas. As if it had lungs, and rotten ones.

Anto. Or as ’twere perfumed by a fen.

Gonza. Here is everything advantageous to life.

Anto. True; save means to live.

Sebas. Of that there’s none, or little.

Gonza. How lush396-11 and lusty the grass looks! how green!

Anto. The ground, indeed, is tawny.

Sebas. With an eye396-12 of green in’t.

Anto. He misses not much.

Sebas. No: he doth but mistake the truth totally.

Gonza. But the rarity of it is,—which is indeed almost beyond credit,—

Sebas. As many vouch’d rarities are.

Gonza.—that our garments, being, as they were, drenched in the sea, are now as fresh as when we put them on first in Afric, at the marriage of the King’s fair daughter Claribel to the King of Tunis.

Sebas. ’Twas a sweet marriage, and we prosper well in our return.

Adri. Tunis was never graced before with such a paragon to397-13 their Queen.

Gonza. Not since widow Dido’s time.397-14

Anto. Widow? a pox o’ that! How came that widow in? Widow Dido!

Sebas. What if he had said widower Æneas too? Good Lord, how you take it!

Adri. Widow Dido, said you? you make me study of that: she was of Carthage, not of Tunis.

Gonza. This Tunis, sir, was Carthage.

Adri. Carthage!

Gonza. I assure you, Carthage.

Anto. His word is more than the miraculous harp.397-15

Sebas. He hath raised the wall and houses too.

Anto. What impossible matter will he make easy next?

Sebas. I think he will carry this island home in his pocket, and give it his son for an apple.

Anto. And, sowing the kernels of it in the sea, bring forth more islands.

Alon. Ah!

Anto. Why, in good time.Gonza. Sir, we were talking that our garments seem now as fresh as when we were at Tunis at the marriage of your daughter, who is now Queen.

Anto. And the rarest that e’er came there.

Sebas. Bate, I beseech you, widow Dido.

Anto. O, widow Dido! ay, widow Dido.

Gonza. Is not, sir, my doublet as fresh as the first day I wore it, at your daughter’s marriage?

Alon. You cram these words into mine ears against
The stomach of my sense.398-16 Would I had never
Married my daughter there! for, coming thence,
My son is lost; and, in my rate,398-17 she too,
Who is so far from Italy removed,
I ne’er again shall see her. O thou mine heir
Of Naples and of Milan, what strange fish
Hath made his meal on thee?

Fran. Sir, he may live:
I saw him beat the surges under him,
And ride upon their backs; he trod the water,
Whose enmity he flung aside, and breasted
The surge most swoln that met him: his bold head
’Bove the contentious waves he kept, and oar’d
Himself with his good arms in lusty stroke
To th’ shore, that o’er his398-18 wave-worn basis bow’d,
As398-19 stooping to relieve him: I not doubt
He came alive to land.

Alon. No, no; he’s gone.

Sebas. Sir, you may thank yourself for this great loss,
That would not bless our Europe with your daughter,
But rather lose her to an African;
Where she at least is banish’d from your eye,
Who399-20 hath cause to wet the grief on’t.

Alon. Pr’ythee, peace.

Sebas. You were kneel’d to, and importuned otherwise,
By all of us; and the fair soul herself
Weigh’d, between loathness and obedience, at
Which end the beam should bow.399-21 We’ve lost your son,
I fear, for ever: Milan and Naples have
More widows in them of this business’ making
Than we bring men to comfort them: the fault’s
Your own.

Alon. So is the dear’st399-22 o’ the loss.

Gonza. My lord Sebastian,
The truth you speak doth lack some gentleness,
And time to speak it in: you rub the sore,
When you should bring the plaster.

Sebas. Very well.

Auto. And most chirurgeonly.399-23

Gonza. It is foul weather in us all, good sir,
When you are cloudy.400-24

Sebas. Foul weather!

Anto. Very foul.

Gonza. Had I plantation400-25 of this isle, my lord,—

Anto. He’d sow’t with nettle-seed.

Sebas. Or docks, or mallows.

Gonza.—And were the King on’t, what would I do?

Sebas. ’Scape being drunk for want of wine.

Gonza. I’ the commonwealth I would by contraries
Execute all things; for no kind of traffic
Would I admit; no name of magistrate;
Letters should not be known; riches, poverty,
And use of service, none; contract, succession,400-26
Bourn,400-27 bound of land, tilth,400-28 vineyard, none;
No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil;
No occupation; all men idle, all,
And women too, but innocent and pure;
No sovereignty:—

Sebas. Yet he would be king on’t.

Anto. The latter end of his commonwealth forgets the beginning.

Gonza. All things in common Nature should produce
Without sweat or endeavour: treason, felony,
Sword, pike, knife, gun, or need of any engine,401-29
Would I not have; but Nature should bring forth,
Of its own kind, all foison,401-30 all abundance,
To feed my innocent people.

Sebas. No marrying ’mong his subjects?

Anto. None, man; all idle.

Gonza. I would with such perfection govern, sir,
T’ excel the golden age.401-31

Sebas. God save his Majesty!

Anto. Long live Gonzalo!

Gonza. And—do you mark me, sir?—

Alon. Pr’ythee, no more: thou dost talk nothing to me.

Gonza. I do well believe your Highness; and did it to minister occasion to these gentlemen, who are of such sensible401-32 and nimble lungs, that they always use to laugh at nothing.

Anto. ’Twas you we laugh’d at.

Gonza. Who in this kind of merry fooling am nothing to you:401-33 so you may continue, and laugh at nothing still.

Anto. What a blow was there given!

Sebas. An it had not fallen flat-long.401-34

Gonza. You are gentlemen of brave mettle; you would lift the Moon out of her sphere, if she would402-35 continue in it five weeks without changing.

Enter Ariel, invisible, playing solemn music.

Sebas. We would so, and then go a-bat-fowling.402-36

Anto. Nay, good my lord, be not angry.

Gonza. No, I warrant you; I will not adventure402-37 my discretion so weakly. Will you laugh me asleep? for I am very heavy.

Anto. Go sleep, and hear us not.

[All sleep402-38 but Alon., Sebas., and Anto.

Alon. What, all so soon asleep! I wish mine eyes
Would, with themselves, shut up my thoughts: I find
They are inclined to do so.

Sebas. Please you, sir,
Do not omit402-39 the heavy offer of it:
It seldom visits sorrow; when it doth,
It is a comforter.

Anto. We two, my lord,
Will guard your person while you take your rest,
And watch your safety.

Alon. Thank you.—Wondrous heavy.403-40

[Alonso sleeps. Exit Ariel.

Sebas. What a strange drowsiness possesses them!

Anto. It is the quality o’ the climate.

Sebas. Why
Doth it not, then, our eyelids sink? I find not
Myself disposed to sleep.

Anto. Nor I; my spirits are nimble.
They404-41 fell together all, as by consent;
They dropp’d, as by a thunder-stroke. What might,
Worthy Sebastian, O, what might!404-42 No more:
And yet methinks I see it in thy face,
What thou shouldst be: th’ occasion speaks thee;404-43 and
My strong imagination sees a crown
Dropping upon thy head.

Sebas. What, art thou waking?

Anto. Do you not hear me speak?

Sebas. I do: and surely
It is a sleepy language, and thou speak’st
Out of thy sleep. What is it thou didst say?
This is a strange repose, to be asleep
With eyes wide open; standing, speaking, moving,
And yet so fast asleep.

Anto. Noble Sebastian,
Thou lett’st thy fortune sleep,—die rather; wink’st
Whiles thou art waking.404-44

Sebas. Thou dost snore distinctly;
There’s meaning in thy snores.

Anto. I am more serious than my custom: you
Must be so too, if heed404-45 me; which to do
Trebles thee o’er.404-46

Sebas. Well, I am standing water.405-47

Anto. I’ll teach you how to flow.

Sebas. Do so: to ebb
Hereditary sloth instructs me.

Anto. O,
If you but knew how you the purpose cherish
Whiles thus you mock it! how, in stripping it,
You more invest it!405-48 Ebbing men,405-49 indeed,
Most often do so near the bottom run
By their own fear or sloth.

Sebas. Pr’ythee, say on:
The setting of thine eye and cheek proclaim
A matter405-50 from thee; and a birth indeed
Which throes thee much to yield.405-51

Anto. Thus, sir:
Although this lord405-52 of weak remembrance, this
Who shall be of as little memory405-53
When he is earth’d,405-54 hath here almost persuaded—
For he’s a spirit of persuasion, only
Professes to persuade—the King his son’s alive,
’Tis as impossible that he’s undrown’d
As he that sleeps here swims.

Sebas. I have no hope
That he’s undrown’d.

Anto. O, out of that no hope
What great hope have you! no hope that way is
Another way so high a hope, that even
Ambition cannot pierce a wink406-55 beyond—
But doubt discovery there.406-56 Will you grant with me
That Ferdinand is drown’d?

Sebas. He’s gone.

Anto. Then, tell me,
Who’s the next heir of Naples?

Sebas. Claribel.

Anto. She that is queen of Tunis; she that dwells
Ten leagues beyond man’s life;406-57 she that from Naples
Can have no note,406-58 unless the Sun were post,—406-59
The Man-i’-the-moon’s too slow,—till new-born chins
Be rough and razorable. She ’twas for whom we
All were sea-swallow’d, though some cast again;406-60
And, by that destiny, to perform an act
Whereof what’s past is prologue; what to come406-61
In yours and my discharge.

Sebas. What stuff is this! How say you?
’Tis true, my brother’s daughter’s Queen of Tunis;
So is she heir of Naples; ’twixt which regions
There is some space.

Anto. A space whose every cubit
Seems to cry out, How shall thou, Claribel,
Measure us back407-62 to Naples? Keep in Tunis,
And let Sebastian wake! Say, this were death
That now hath seized them; why, they were no worse
Than now they are. There be407-63 that can rule Naples
As well as he that sleeps; lords that can prate
As amply and unnecessarily
As this Gonzalo: I myself could make
A chough407-64 of as deep chat.407-65 O, that you bore
The mind that I do! what a sleep were this
For your advancement! Do you understand me?

Sebas. Methinks I do.

Anto. And how does your content
Tender your own good fortune?407-66

Sebas. I remember
You did supplant your brother Prospero.

Anto. True:
And look how well my garments sit upon me;
Much feater407-67 than before: my brother’s servants
Were then my fellows; now they are my men.

Sebas. But, for your conscience—

Anto. Ay, sir; and where lies that? if ’twere a kibe,408-68
’Twould put me to my slipper: but I feel not
This deity in my bosom: twenty consciences,
That stand ’twixt me and Milan, candied408-69 be they,
And melt, ere they molest! Here lies your brother,
No better than the earth he lies upon,
If he were that which now he’s like; whom I,
With this obedient steel, three inches of it,
Can lay to bed for ever; whiles you, doing thus,
To the perpetual wink408-70 for aye might put
This ancient morsel, this Sir Prudence, who
Should not upbraid our course. For all the rest,
They’ll take suggestion408-71 as a cat laps milk;
They’ll tell the clock to any business that
We say befits the hour.408-72

Sebas. Thy case, dear friend,
Shall be my precedent; as thou gott’st Milan,
I’ll come by Naples. Draw thy sword: one stroke
Shall free thee from the tribute which thou pay’st;
And I the King shall love thee.

Anto. Draw together;408-73
And when I rear my hand, do you the like,
To fall it on Gonzalo.

Sebas. O, but one word.

[They converse apart.

Music. Re-enter Ariel, invisible.

Ari. My master through his art foresees the danger
That you, his friend, are in; and sends me forth—
For else his project dies—to keep thee living.

[Sings in Gonzalo’s ear.

While you here do snoring lie,
Open-eyed conspiracy
His time doth take.
If of life you keep a care,
Shake off slumber, and beware:
Awake! Awake!

Anto. Then let us both be sudden.

Gonza. [Waking.] Now, good angels
Preserve the King!—[To Sebas. and Anto.] Why, how now!—[To Alon.] Ho, awake!—
[To Sebas. and Anto.] Why are you drawn?409-74 wherefore this ghastly looking?409-75

Alon. [Waking.] What’s the matter?

Sebas. Whiles we stood here securing your repose,
Even now, we heard a hollow burst of bellowing
Like bulls, or rather lions: did’t not wake you?
It struck mine ear most terribly.

Alon. I heard nothing.

Anto. O, ’twas a din to fright a monster’s ear,
To make an earthquake! sure, it was the roar
Of a whole herd of lions.

Alon. Heard you this, Gonzalo?

Gonza. Upon mine honour, sir, I heard a humming,
And that a strange one too, which did awake me:
I shaked you, sir, and cried: as mine eyes open’d,
I saw their weapons drawn: there was a noise,
That’s verity. ’Tis best we stand upon our guard,
Or that we quit this place: let’s draw our weapons.

Alon. Lead off this ground; and let’s make further search
For my poor son.

Gonza. Heavens keep him from these beasts!
For he is, sure, i’ the island.

Alon. Lead away.

[Exit with the others.

Ari. Prospero my lord shall know what I have done:—
So, King, go safely on to seek thy son. [Exit.

Scene II.—Another part of the Island.

Enter Caliban, with a burden of wood. A noise of Thunder heard.

Cal. All the infections that the Sun sucks up
From bogs, fens, flats, on Prosper fall, and make him
By inch-meal410-1 a disease! His spirits hear me,
And yet I needs must curse. But they’ll nor pinch,
Fright me with urchin-shows,410-2 pitch me i’ the mire,
Nor lead me, like a fire-brand,410-3 in the dark
Out of my way, unless he bid ’em: but
For every trifle are they set upon me;
Sometime410-4 like apes, that mow410-5 and chatter at me
And after bite me; then like hedgehogs, which
Lie tumbling in my barefoot way, and mount
Their pricks411-6 at my foot-fall; sometime am I
All wound with adders, who with cloven tongues
Do hiss me into madness. Lo, now, lo!
Here comes a spirit of his; and to torment me
For bringing wood in slowly. I’ll fall flat:
Perchance he will not mind me.411-7

Enter Trinculo.

Trin. Here’s neither bush nor shrub, to bear off411-8 any weather at all, and another storm brewing; I hear it sing i’ the wind: yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks like a foul bombard411-9 that would shed his liquor. If it should thunder as it did before, I know not where to hide my head: yond same cloud cannot choose but fall by pailfuls.—What have we here? a man or a fish? Dead or alive? A fish: he smells like a fish; a very ancient and fish-like smell; a kind of not-of-the-newest poor-john.411-10 A strange fish! Were I in England now, as once I was, and had but this fish painted, not a holiday fool there but would give a piece of silver: there would this monster make a man; any strange beast there makes a man:411-11 when they will not give a doit to relieve a lame beggar, they will lay out ten to see a dead Indian. Legg’d like a man! and his fins like arms! Warm, o’ my troth! I do now let loose my opinion; hold it no longer: this is no fish, but an islander, that hath lately suffered by a thunder-bolt. [Thunder.] Alas, the storm is come again! my best way is to creep under his gaberdine;412-12 there is no other shelter hereabout: misery acquaints a man with strange bed-fellows. I will here shroud till the dregs of the storm be past.

[Creeps under Caliban’s garment.

Enter Stephano, singing; a bottle in his hand.

Steph.

I shall no more to sea, to sea, Here shall I die ashore;—

This is a very scurvy tune to sing at a man’s funeral: well, here’s my comfort. [Drinks.

[Sings.]

The master, the swabber,412-13 the boatswain, and I, The gunner, and his mate, Loved Mall, Meg, and Marian, and Margery, But none of us cared for Kate; For she had a tongue with a tang,412-14 Would cry to a sailor, Go hang! She loved not the savour of tar nor of pitch: Then to sea, boys, and let her go hang!

This is a scurvy tune too: but here’s my comfort. [Drinks.Cal. Do not torment me:—O!

Steph. What’s the matter? Have we devils here? Do you put tricks upon’s with savages and men of Inde,413-15 ha? I have not ’scaped drowning, to be afeared now of your four legs; for it hath been said, As proper a man as ever went on four legs cannot make him give ground; and it shall be said so again, while Stephano breathes at’s nostrils.

Cal. The spirit torments me:—O!

Steph. This is some monster of the isle with four legs, who hath got, as I take it, an ague. Where the Devil should he learn our language? I will give him some relief, if it be but for that. If I can recover him, and keep him tame, and get to Naples with him, he’s a present for any emperor that ever trod on neat’s-leather.413-16

Cal. Do not torment me, pr’ythee:
I’ll bring my wood home faster.

Steph. He’s in his fit now, and does not talk after the wisest. He shall taste of my bottle: if he have never drunk wine afore, it will go near to remove his fit. If I can recover him, and keep him tame, I will not take too much for him;413-17 he shall pay for him that hath him, and that soundly.

Cal. Thou dost me yet but little hurt;
Thou wilt anon, I know it by thy trembling:
Now Prosper works upon thee.

Steph. Come on your ways; open your mouth; here is that which will give a language to you, cat:413-18 open your mouth; this will shake your shaking, I can tell you, and that soundly: [Gives him drink.] you cannot tell who’s your friend; open your chops again. [Gives him more drink.

Trin. I should know that voice: it should be—but he is drown’d; and these are devils:—O, defend me!

Steph. Four legs, and two voices—a most delicate monster? His forward voice now is to speak well of his friend; his backward voice is to utter foul speeches and to detract. If all the wine in my bottle will recover him, I will help his ague: [Gives him drink.]—Come,—Amen!414-19 I will pour some in thy other mouth.

Trin. Stephano!

Steph. Doth thy other mouth call me?—Mercy, mercy! This is a devil and no monster: I will leave him; I have no long spoon.414-20

Trin. Stephano!—If thou be’st Stephano, touch me, and speak to me; for I am Trinculo,—be not afeared,—thy good friend Trinculo.

Steph. If thou be’st Trinculo, come forth: I’ll pull thee by the lesser legs: if any be Trinculo’s legs, these are they. [Pulls Trinculo out.] Thou art very Trinculo indeed! How earnest thou to be the siege414-21 of this moon-calf?414-22

Trin. I took him to be kill’d with a thunder-stroke. But art thou not drown’d, Stephano? I hope, now, thou art not drown’d?415-23 Is the storm overblown? I hid me under the dead moon-calf’s gaberdine for fear of the storm. And art thou living, Stephano? O Stephano, two Neapolitans ’scaped!

Steph. Pr’ythee, do not turn me about; my stomach is not constant.415-24

Cal. [Aside.] These be fine things, an if415-25 they be not sprites.
That’s a brave god, and bears celestial liquor:
I will kneel to him.

Steph. How didst thou ’scape? How camest thou hither? swear, by this bottle, how thou camest hither. I escaped upon a butt of sack,415-26 which the sailors heaved o’erboard, by this bottle! which I made of the bark of a tree with mine own hands, since I was cast ashore.

Cal. I’ll swear, upon that bottle, to be thy
True subject; for the liquor is not earthly.

Steph. Here; swear, man, how thou escapedst.

Trin. Swam ashore, man, like a duck: I can swim like a duck, I’ll be sworn.

Steph. Here kiss the book. [Gives him drink.] Though thou canst swim like a duck, thou art made like a goose.

Trin. O Stephano, hast any more of this?Steph. The whole butt, man: my cellar is in a rock by the sea-side, where my wine is hid.—How now, moon-calf! how does thine ague?

Cal. Hast thou not dropp’d from heaven?

Steph. Out o’ the Moon, I do assure thee: I was the Man-i’-the-moon when time was.

Cal. I’ve seen thee in her, and I do adore thee:
My mistress show’d me thee, and thy dog, and thy bush.416-27

Steph. Come, swear to that; kiss the book: I will furnish it anon with new contents: swear.

[Gives Caliban drink.

Trin. By this good light, this is a very shallow monster!—I afeared of him!—a very weak monster!—The Man-i’-the-moon!—a most poor credulous monster!—Well drawn,416-28 monster, in good sooth.

Cal. I’ll show thee every fertile inch o’ the island;
And I will kiss thy foot: I pr’ythee, be my god.

Trin. By this light, a most perfidious and drunken monster! when his god’s asleep, he’ll rob his bottle.

Cal. I’ll kiss thy foot; I’ll swear myself thy subject.

Steph. Come on then; down, and swear.

Trin. I shall laugh myself to death at this puppy-headed monster. A most scurvy monster! I could find in my heart to beat him,—

Steph. Come, kiss. [Gives Caliban drink.Trin.—but that the poor monster’s in drink: an abominable monster!

Cal. I’ll show thee the best springs; I’ll pluck thee berries;
I’ll fish for thee, and get thee wood enough.
A plague upon the tyrant that I serve!
I’ll bear him no more sticks, but follow thee,
Thou wondrous man.

Trin. A most ridiculous monster, to make a wonder of a poor drunkard!

Cal. I pr’ythee, let me bring thee where crabs grow;
And I with my long nails will dig thee pig-nuts;417-29
Show thee a jay’s nest, and instruct thee how
To snare the nimble marmozet; I’ll bring thee
To clustering filberts, and sometimes I’ll get thee
Young staniels417-30 from the rock. Wilt thou go with me?

Steph. I pr’ythee now, lead the way without any more talking. Trinculo, the King and all our company else being drown’d, we will inherit here. Here, bear my bottle: fellow Trinculo, we’ll fill him by-and-by again.

Cal. [Sings drunkenly.] Farewell, master; farewell, farewell.

Trin. A howling monster; a drunken monster!

Cal.	No more dams I’ll make for fish; Nor fetch in firing at requiring; Nor scrape trencher, nor wash dish: ’Ban, ’Ban, Ca—Caliban Has a new master; get a new man. Freedom, hey-day, hey-day, freedom! freedom, hey-day, freedom!

Steph. O brave monster! lead the way.

[Exeunt.

ACT III

Scene I.—Before Prospero’s Cell.

Enter Ferdinand, bearing a log.

There be some sports are painful, and their labour
Delight in them sets off:418-1 some kinds of baseness418-2
Are nobly undergone; and most poor matters
Point to rich ends. This my mean task would be
As heavy to me as ’tis odious, but
The mistress which I serve quickens what’s dead,
And makes my labours pleasures:418-3 O, she is
Ten times more gentle than her father’s crabbed,
And he’s composed of harshness. I must remove
Some thousands of these logs, and pile them up,
Upon a sore injunction: my sweet mistress
Weeps when she sees me work; and says such baseness
Had never like executor. I forget:
But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labour;
Most busy when I do it least.419-4

Enter Miranda; and Prospero behind.

Mira. Alas, now, pray you,
Work not so hard: I would the lightning had
Burnt up those logs that you’re enjoin’d to pile!
Pray, set it down, and rest you: when this burns,
’Twill weep for having wearied you. My father
Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself:
He’s safe for these three hours.

Ferd. O most dear mistress,
The Sun will set before I shall discharge
What I must strive to do.

Mira. If you’ll sit down,
I’ll bear your logs the while: pray, give me that;
I’ll carry’t to the pile.

Ferd. No, precious creature;
I’d rather crack my sinews, break my back,
Than you should such dishonour undergo,
While I sit lazy by.

Mira. It would become me
As well as it does you: and I should do it
With much more ease; for my good will is to it,
And yours it is against.

Pros. [Aside.] Poor worm, thou art infected!
This visitation shows it.

Mira. You look wearily.

Ferd. No, noble mistress; ’tis fresh morning with me
When you are by at night. I do beseech you,—
Chiefly that I might set it in my prayers,—
What is your name?

Mira. Miranda—O my father,
I’ve broke your best to say so!

Ferd. Admired Miranda!
Indeed the top of admiration; worth
What’s dearest to the world! Full many a lady
I’ve eyed with best regard; and many a time
The harmony of their tongues hath into bondage
Brought my too diligent ear: for several virtues
Have I liked several women; never any
With so full soul, but some defect in her
Did quarrel with the noblest grace she owed,
And put it to the foil:420-5 but you, O you,
So perfect and so peerless, are created
Of every creature’s best!

Mira. I do not know
One of my sex; no woman’s face remember,
Save, from my glass, mine own; nor have I seen
More that I may call men, than you, good friend,
And my dear father: how features are abroad,
I’m skilless of; but, by my modesty,—
The jewel in my dower,—I would not wish
Any companion in the world but you;
Nor can imagination form a shape,
Besides yourself, to like of. But I prattle
Something too wildly, and my father’s precepts
I therein do forget.

Ferd. I am, in my condition,
A prince, Miranda; I do think, a king,—
I would not so!420-6—and would no more endure
This wooden slavery than to suffer
The flesh-fly blow422-7 my mouth. Hear my soul speak:
The very instant that I saw you, did
My heart fly to your service; there resides,
To make me slave to it; and for your sake
Am I this patient log-man.

Mira. Do you love me?

Ferd. O Heaven, O Earth, bear witness to this sound,
And crown what I profess with kind event,
If I speak true! if hollowly,422-8 invert
What best is boded me to mischief! I,
Beyond all limit of what else422-9 i’ the world,
Do love, prize, honour you.

Mira. I am a fool
To weep at what I’m glad of.

Pros. [Aside.] Fair encounter
Of two most rare affections! Heavens rain grace
On that which breeds between them!

Ferd. Wherefore weep you?

Mira. At mine unworthiness, that dare not offer
What I desire to give; and much less take
What I shall die to want.422-10 But this is trifling;
And all the more it seeks to hide itself,
The bigger bulk it shows. Hence, bashful cunning!
And prompt me, plain and holy innocence!
I am your wife, if you will marry me;
If not, I’ll die your maid: to be your fellow423-11
You may deny me; but I’ll be your servant,
Whether you will or no.

Ferd. My mistress, dearest,
And I thus humble ever.

Mira. My husband, then?

Ferd. Ay, with a heart as willing
As bondage423-12 e’er of freedom: here’s my hand.

Mira. And mine, with my heart in’t: and now farewell
Till half an hour hence.

Ferd. A thousand thousand!423-13

[Exeunt Ferdinand and Miranda.

Pros. So glad of this as they, I cannot be,
Who am surprised withal;423-14 but my rejoicing
At nothing can be more. I’ll to my book;
For yet, ere supper-time, must I perform
Much business appertaining. [Exit.

Scene II.—Another part of the Island.

Enter Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo, with a bottle.

Steph. Tell not me: when the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop before: therefore bear up, and board ’em.423-1 Servant-monster, drink to me.

Trin. Servant-monster! the folly of this island! They say there’s but five upon this isle: we are three of them; if th’ other two be brain’d like us, the State totters.

Steph. Drink, servant-monster, when I bid thee: thy eyes are almost set424-2 in thy head.

[Caliban drinks.

Trin. Where should they be set else? he were a brave monster indeed, if they were set in his tail.

Steph. My man-monster hath drown’d his tongue in sack: for my part, the sea cannot drown me; I swam, ere I could recover the shore, five-and-thirty leagues, off and on, by this light.—Thou shalt be my lieutenant, monster, or my standard.424-3

Trin. Your lieutenant, if you list: he’s no standard.424-4

Steph. We’ll not run, Monsieur Monster.

Trin. Nor go neither: but you’ll lie like dogs, and yet say nothing neither.

Steph. Moon-calf, speak once in thy life, if thou be’st a good moon-calf.

Cal. How does thy Honour? Let me lick thy shoe. I’ll not serve him, he is not valiant.

Trin. Thou liest, most ignorant monster: I am in case to justle a constable.424-5 Why, thou debosh’d424-6 fish, thou, was there ever man a coward that hath drunk so much sack as I to-day? Wilt thou tell a monstrous lie, being but half a fish and half a monster?

Cal. Boo, how he mocks me! wilt thou let him, my lord?Trin. Lord, quoth he. That a monster should be such a natural!425-7

Cal. Lo, lo, again! bite him to death, I pr’ythee.

Steph. Trinculo, keep a good tongue in your head: if you prove a mutineer,—the next tree.425-8 The poor monster’s my subject, and he shall not suffer indignity.

Cal. I thank my noble lord. Wilt thou be pleased
To hearken once again the suit I made thee?

Steph. Marry, will I: kneel, and repeat it; I will stand, and so shall Trinculo.

Enter Ariel, invisible.

Cal. As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant; a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of the island.

Ari. Thou liest.425-9

Cal. Thou liest, thou jesting monkey, thou:
I would my valiant master would destroy thee!
I do not lie.

Steph. Trinculo, if you trouble him any more in’s tale, by this hand, I will supplant some of your teeth.

Trin. Why, I said nothing.

Steph. Mum, then, and no more.—
[To Cal.] Proceed.

Cal. I say, by sorcery he got this isle;
From me he got it. If thy Greatness will
Revenge it on him,—for, I know, thou darest,
But this thing425-10 dare not,—

Steph. That’s most certain.

Cal. Thou shalt be lord of it, and I will serve thee.

Steph. How now shall this be compass’d?
Canst thou bring me to the party?

Cal. Yea, yea, my lord; I’ll yield him thee asleep,
Where thou mayst knock a nail into his head.

Ari. Thou liest; thou canst not.

Cal. What a pied ninny’s426-11 this!—Thou scurvy patch!426-12—
I do beseech thy Greatness, give him blows,
And take his bottle from him: when that’s gone,
He shall drink nought but brine; for I’ll not show him
Where the quick freshes426-13 are.

Steph. Trinculo, run into no further danger: interrupt the monster one word further, and, by this hand, I’ll turn my mercy out of doors, and make a stock-fish426-14 of thee.

Trin. Why, what did I? I did nothing. I’ll go further off.

Steph. Didst thou not say he lied?

Ari. Thou liest.

Steph. Do I so? take thou that. [Strikes him.] As you like this, give me the lie another time.

Trin. I did not give thee the lie. Out o’ your wits and hearing too? A pox o’ your bottle! this can sack and drinking do. A murrain on your monster, and the Devil take your fingers!

Cal. Ha, ha, ha!

Steph. Now, forward with your tale.—Pr’ythee stand further off.427-15

Cal. Beat him enough: after a little time, I’ll beat him too.

Steph. Stand further.—Come, proceed.

Cal. Why, as I told thee, ’tis a custom with him
I’ the afternoon to sleep; then thou mayst brain him,
Having first seized his books; or with a log
Batter his skull, or paunch him with a stake,
Or cut his weazand427-16 with thy knife. Remember
First to possess his books; for without them
He’s but a sot,427-17 as I am, nor hath not
One spirit to command: they all do hate him
As rootedly as I. Burn but his books.
He has brave427-18 utensils,—for so he calls them,—
Which, when he has a house, he’ll deck’t withal:
And that most deeply to consider is
The beauty of his daughter; he himself
Calls her a nonpareil: I ne’er saw woman,
But only Sycorax my dam and she;
But she as far surpasseth Sycorax
As great’st does least.

Steph. Is it so brave a lass?

Cal. Ay, lord.

Steph. Monster, I will kill this man: his daughter and I will be king and queen,—save our Graces!—and Trinculo and thyself shall be viceroys.—Dost thou like the plot, Trinculo?

Trin. Excellent.

Steph. Give me thy hand: I am sorry I beat thee; but, while thou livest, keep a good tongue in thy head.

Cal. Within this half-hour will he be asleep:
Wilt thou destroy him then?

Steph. Ay, on mine honour.

Ari. This will I tell my master.428-19

Cal. Thou makest me merry; I am full of pleasure:
Let us be jocund: will you troll the catch428-20
You taught me but while-ere?428-21

Steph. At thy request, monster, I will do reason,428-22 any reason.—Come on, Trinculo, let us sing.

[Sings.

Flout ’em and scout ’em, and scout ’em and flout ’em;
Thought is free.

Cal. That’s not the tune.

[Ariel plays the tune on a tabor and pipe.

Steph. What is this same?428-23

Trin. This is the tune of our catch, play’d by the picture of Nobody.428-24Steph. If thou be’st a man, show thyself in thy likeness: if thou be’st a devil—take’t as thou list.429-25

Trin. O, forgive me my sins!

Steph. He that dies pays all debts: I defy thee.—Mercy upon us!

Cal. Art thou afeard?

Steph. No, monster, not I.

Cal. Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises,
Sounds and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not.
Sometime429-26 a thousand twangling instruments
Will hum about mine ears; and sometimes voices,
That, if I then had waked after long sleep,
Will make me sleep again: and then, in dreaming,
The clouds methought would open, and show riches
Ready to drop upon me; that, when I waked,
I cried to dream again.

Steph. This will prove a brave kingdom to me, where I shall have my music for nothing.

Cal. When Prospero is destroy’d.

Steph. That shall be by-and-by: I remember the story.

Cal. The sound is going away; let’s follow it.
And after do our work.

Steph. Lead, monster; we’ll follow.—I would I could see this taborer! he lays it on.—Wilt come?

Trin. I’ll follow, Stephano. [Exeunt.

Scene III.—Another part of the Island.

Enter Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, Gonzalo, Adrian, Francisco, and Others.

Gonza. By’r lakin,430-1 I can go no further, sir;
My old bones ache: here’s a maze trod, indeed,
Through forth-rights430-2 and meanders!430-3 by your patience,
I needs must rest me.

Alon. Old lord, I cannot blame thee,
Who am myself attach’d with430-4 weariness,
To th’ dulling of my spirits: sit down, and rest.
Even here I will put off my hope, and keep it
No longer for my flatterer: he is drown’d
Whom thus we stray to find; and the sea mocks
Our frustrate430-5 search on land. Well, let him go.

Anto. [Aside to Sebas.] I am right glad that he’s so out of hope.
Do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose
That you resolved t’ effect.

Sebas. [Aside to Anto.] The next advantage
Will we take throughly.430-6

Anto. [Aside to Sebas.] Let it be to-night.
For, now they are oppress’d with travel, they
Will not, nor cannot, use such vigilance
As when they’re fresh.

Sebas. [Aside to Anto.] I say, to-night: no more. [Solemn and strange music.Alon. What harmony is this? My good friends, hark!

Gonza. Marvellous sweet music!

Enter Prospero above, invisible. Enter, below, several strange Shapes, bringing in a Banquet: they dance about it with gentle actions of salutation; and, inviting the King, &c., to eat, they depart.

Alon. Give us kind keepers, Heavens!—
What were these?

Sebas. A living drollery.431-7 Now I will believe
That there are unicorns; that in Arabia
There is one tree, the phoenix throne;431-8 one phoenix
At this hour reigning there.

Anto. I’ll believe both;
And what does else want credit, come to me,
And I’ll be sworn ’tis true; travellers ne’er did lie,
Though fools at home condemn ’em.

Gonza. If in Naples
I should report this now, would they believe me?
If I should say I saw such islanders,—
For, certes,431-9 these are people of the island,—
Who, though they are of monstrous shape, yet, note,
Their manners are more gentle-kind than of
Our human generation you shall find
Many, nay, almost any.

Pros. [Aside.] Honest lord,
Thou hast said well; for some of you there present
Are worse than devils.

Alon. I cannot too much muse432-10
Such shapes, such gesture, and such sound, expressing—
Although they want the use of tongue—a kind
Of excellent dumb discourse.

Pros. [Aside.] Praise in departing.432-11

Fran. They vanish’d strangely.

Sebas. No matter, since
They’ve left their viands behind; for we have stomachs.—
Will’t please you taste of what is here?

Alon. Not I.

Gonza. Faith, sir, you need not fear. When we were boys,
Who would believe that there were mountaineers
Dew-lapp’d like bulls, whose throats had hanging at ’em
Wallets of flesh? or that there were such men
Whose heads stood in their breasts?432-12 which now we find,
Each putter-out of one for five432-13 will bring us
Good warrant of.

Alon. I will stand to, and feed,
Although my last: no matter, since I feel
The best is past.—Brother, my lord the Duke,
Stand to, and do as we.

Thunder and lightning. Enter Ariel, like a harpy; claps his wings upon the table; and by a quaint device, the banquet vanishes.

Ari. You are three men of sin, whom Destiny—
That hath to instrument433-14 this lower world
And what is in’t—the never-surfeited sea
Hath caused to belch up; yea, and on this island
Where man doth not inhabit; you ’mongst men
Being most unfit to live. I’ve made you mad;
And even with such like valour men hang and drown
Their proper selves.
[Seeing Alon., Sebas., &c., draw their swords.
You fools! I and my fellows
Are ministers of Fate: the elements,
Of whom your swords are temper’d, may as well
Wound the loud winds, or with bemock’d-at stabs
Kill the still-closing433-15 waters, as diminish
One dowle434-16 that’s in my plume: my fellow-ministers
Are like invulnerable. If you could hurt,
Your swords are now too massy for your strengths,
And will not be uplifted. But remember,—
For that’s my business to you,—that you three
From Milan did supplant good Prospero;
Exposed unto the sea, which hath requit434-17 it,
Him and his innocent child: for which foul deed
The powers, delaying, not forgetting, have
Incensed the seas and shores, yea, all the creatures,
Against your peace. Thee of thy son, Alonso,
They have bereft; and do pronounce, by me,
Lingering perdition—worse than any death
Can be at once—shall step by step attend
You and your ways; whose434-18 wraths to guard you from,—
Which here, in this most desolate isle, else falls
Upon your heads,—is nothing, but heart-sorrow
And a clear life ensuing.

He vanishes in thunder; then, to soft music, enter the Shapes again, and dance with mocks and mowes, and carry out the table.

Pros. [Aside.] Bravely the figure of this harpy hast thou
Perform’d, my Ariel; a grace it had, devouring:
Of my instruction hast thou nothing ’bated
In what thou hadst to say: so, with good life,
And observation strange, my meaner ministers
Their several kinds have done.435-19 My high charms work,
And these mine enemies are all knit up
In their distractions: they now are in my power;
And in these fits I leave them, while I visit
Young Ferdinand,—who they suppose is drown’d,—
And his and my loved darling. [Exit from above.

Gonza. I’ the name of something holy, sir, why stand you
In this strange stare?

Alon. O, it is monstrous, monstrous!
Methought the billows spoke, and told me of it;435-20
The winds did sing it to me; and the thunder,
That deep and dreadful organ pipe, pronounced
The name of Prosper: it did bass my trespass.435-21
Therefore my son i’ the ooze is bedded;435-22 and
I’ll seek him deeper than e’er plummet sounded,
And with him there lie mudded.435-23 [Exit.

Sebas. But one fiend at a time,
I’ll fight their legions o’er.

Anto. I’ll be thy second.

[Exeunt Sebastian and Antonio.

Gonza. All three of them are desperate: their great guilt,
Like poison given to work a long time after,436-24
Now ’gins to bite the spirits.—I do beseech you,
That are of suppler joints, follow them swiftly,
And hinder them from what this ecstasy436-25
May now provoke them to.

Adri. Follow, I pray you. [Exeunt.

ACT IV

Scene I.—Before Prospero’s Cell.

Enter Prospero, Ferdinand, and Miranda. Prospero speaks.

If I have too austerely punish’d you,
Your compensation makes amends; for I
Have given you here a thread of mine own life,
Or that for which I live; who once again
I tender to thy hand: all thy vexations
Were but my trials of thy love, and thou
Hast strangely stood the test: here, afore Heaven,
I ratify this my rich gift. O Ferdinand,
Do not smile at me that I boast her off,
For thou shalt find she will outstrip all praise
And make it halt behind her.

Ferd. I do believe it
Against an oracle.

Pros. Then, as my gift, and thine own acquisition
Worthily purchased, take my daughter, thou.
Sit, then, and talk with her; she is thine own.—
What, Ariel! my industrious servant, Ariel!

Enter Ariel.

Ari. What would my potent master? Here I am.

Pros. Thou and thy meaner fellows your last service
Did worthily perform; and I must use you
In such another trick. Go bring the rabble,
O’er whom I give thee power, here, to this place:
Incite them to quick motion; for I must
Bestow upon the eyes of this young couple
Some vanity437-1 of mine art: it is my promise,
And they expect it from me.

Ari. Presently?

Pros. Ay, with a twink.437-2

Ari. Before you can say Come and Go,
And breathe twice, and cry So, so.
Each one, tripping on his toe,
Will be here with mop437-3 and mow.437-4
Do you love me, master?—no? [Exit.

Pros. Now come, my Ariel! bring a corollary,437-5
Rather than want a spirit: appear, and pertly!437-6
No tongue; all eyes; be silent.

[Soft music.

Enter Iris.437-7

Iris. Ceres,437-8 most bounteous lady, thy rich leas
Of wheat, rye, barley, vetches, oats, and peas;
Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep,
And flat meads thatch’d with stover,438-9 them to keep;
Thy banks with peonÉd438-10 and twillÈd438-11 brims,
Which spongy438-12 April at thy best betrims,
To make cold nymphs chaste crowns;438-13 and thy brown groves,
Whose shadow the dismissed bachelor loves,
Being lass-lorn;438-14 thy pole-clipt vineyard;438-15
And thy sea-marge, steril, and rocky-hard,
Where thou thyself dost air;—the Queen o’ the Sky,438-16
Whose watery arch438-17 and messenger am I,
Bids thee leave these, and with her sovereign Grace,
Here on this grass-plot, in this very place,
To come and sport. Her peacocks438-18 fly amain:
Approach, rich Ceres, her to entertain.

Enter Ceres.

Cer. Hail, many-color’d messenger, that ne’er
Dost disobey the wife of Jupiter;438-19
Who, with thy saffron wings, upon my flowers
Diffusest honey-drops, refreshing showers;
And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown
My bosky440-20 acres and my unshrubb’d down,440-21
Rich scarf to my proud Earth;—why hath thy Queen
Summon’d me hither, to this short-grass’d green?

Iris. A contract of true love to celebrate;
And some donation freely to estate
On the bless’d lovers.

Cer. Tell me, heavenly Bow,
If Venus440-22 or her son, as thou dost know,
Do now attend the Queen? Since they did plot
The means that dusky Dis440-23 my daughter got,440-24
Her and her blind boy’s440-25 scandal’d company
I have forsworn.

Iris. Of her society
Be not afraid: I met her deity
Cutting the clouds towards Paphos,440-26 and her son
Dove-drawn with her.

Cer. Here, Queen of highest state,
Great Juno comes; I know her by her gait.440-27

Enter Juno.440-28

Juno. How does my bounteous sister? Go with me
To bless this twain, that they may prosperous be,
And honour’d in their issue.

Song.

Juno. Honour, riches, marriage-blessing,
Long continuance, and increasing,
Hourly joys be still upon you!
Juno sings her blessings on you.

Cer. Earth’s increase, and foison plenty,441-29
Barns and garners never empty;
Vines with clustering bunches growing;
Plants with goodly burden bowing;
Spring come to you at the farthest
In the very end of harvest!441-30
Scarcity and want shall shun you;
Ceres’ blessing so is on you.

Ferd. This is a most majestic vision, and
Harmonious charmingly. May I be bold
To think these spirits?441-31

Pros. Spirits, which by mine art
I have from their confines call’d to enact
My present fancies.

Ferd. Let me live here ever;
So rare a wonder’d442-32 father and a wife
Make this place Paradise. [Juno and Ceres whisper, and send Iris on employment.

Pros. Sweet, now, silence!
Juno and Ceres whisper seriously;
There’s something else to do: hush, and be mute,
Or else our spell is marr’d.

Iris. You nymphs, call’d Naiads, of the winding brooks,
With your sedge crowns and ever-harmless looks,
Leave your crisp442-33 channels, and on this green land
Answer our summons; Juno does command:
Come, temperate nymphs, and help to celebrate
A contract of true love; be not too late.—

Enter certain Nymphs.

You sun-burn’d sicklemen,442-34 of August weary,
Come hither from the furrow, and be merry:
Make holiday; your rye-straw hats put on,
And these fresh nymphs encounter every one
In country footing.

Enter certain Reapers, properly habited: they join with the Nymphs in a graceful dance; towards the end whereof Prospero starts suddenly, and speaks; after which, to a strange, hollow, and confused noise, they heavily vanish.

Pros. [Aside.] I had forgot that foul conspiracy
Of the beast Caliban and his confederates
Against my life: the minute of their plot
Is almost come.—[To the Spirits.] Well done; avoid;443-35 no more!

Ferd. This is most strange: your father’s in some passion
That works him strongly.

Mira. Never till this day
Saw I him touch’d with anger so distemper’d.

Pros. You do, my son, look in a moved sort,
As if you were dismay’d: be cheerful, sir.
Our revels now are ended. These our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits, and
Are melted into air, into thin air:
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp’d towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack443-36 behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on,443-37 and our little life
Is rounded443-38 with a sleep. Sir, I am vex’d;
Bear with my weakness; my old brain is troubled:
Be not disturb’d with my infirmity:
If you be pleased, retire into my cell,
And there repose: a turn or two I’ll walk,
To still my beating mind.

Ferd. Mira.

We wish you peace.

Pros. [To Ariel.] Come with a thought!—
I thank ye.444-39 [Exeunt Ferd. and Mira.]—Ariel, come!

Re-enter Ariel.

Ari. Thy thoughts I cleave to: what’s thy pleasure?

Pros. Spirit,
We must prepare to meet with444-40 Caliban.

Ari. Ay, my commander: when I presented Ceres,
I thought t’ have told thee of it; but I fear’d
Lest I might anger thee.

Pros. Well, say again, where didst thou leave these varlets?

Ari. I told you, sir, they were red-hot with drinking;
So full of valour, that they smote the air
For breathing444-41 in their faces; beat the ground
For kissing of their feet; yet always bending
Towards their project. Then I beat my tabor;
At which, like unback’d444-42 colts, they prick’d their ears,
Advanced444-43 their eyelids, lifted up their noses
As they smelt music: so I charm’d their ears,
That, calf-like, they my lowing follow’d through
Tooth’d briers, sharp furzes, pricking goss, and thorns,
Which enter’d their frail shins: at last I left them
I’ the filthy-mantled445-44 pool beyond your cell,
There dancing up to th’ chins, that445-45 the foul lake
O’erstunk their feet.

Pros. This was well done, my bird.
Thy shape invisible retain thou still:
The trumpery in my house, go bring it hither,
For stale445-46 to catch these thieves.

Ari. I go, I go. [Exit.

Pros. A devil, a born-devil,445-47 on whose nature
Nurture can never stick;445-48 on whom my pains,
Humanely taken, all are lost, quite lost;
And as with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind cankers.445-49 I will plague them all,
Even to roaring.—

Re-enter Ariel loaden with glistering apparel, &c.

Come, hang them on this line.445-50

Prospero and Ariel remain invisible. Enter Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo, all wet.

Cal. Pray you, tread softly, that the blind mole may not
Hear a foot fall: we now are near his cell.

Steph. Monster, your fairy, which you say is a harmless fairy, has done little better than play’d the Jack with us.446-51

Trin. Monster, I do smell all horse-stale; at which my nose is in great indignation.

Steph. So is mine.—Do you hear, monster? If I should take a displeasure against you, look you,—

Trin. Thou wert but a lost monster.

Cal. Nay, good my lord, give me thy favour still.
Be patient, for the prize I’ll bring thee to
Shall hoodwink this mischance:446-52 therefore speak softly;
All’s hush’d as midnight yet.

Trin. Ay, but to lose our bottles in the pool,—

Steph. There is not only disgrace and dishonour in that, monster, but an infinite loss.

Trin. That’s more to me than my wetting: yet this is your harmless fairy, monster.

Steph. I will fetch off my bottle, though I be o’er ears for my labour.

Cal. Pr’ythee, my King, be quiet. See’st thou here?
This is the mouth o’ the cell: no noise, and enter.
Do that good mischief which may make this island
Thine own for ever, and I, thy Caliban,
For aye thy foot-licker.

Steph. Give me thy hand. I do begin to have bloody thoughts.

Trin. O King Stephano! O peer!446-53 O worthy Stephano! look what a wardrobe here is for thee!Cal. Let it alone, thou fool; it is but trash.

Trin. O, ho, monster! we know what belongs to a frippery.447-54—O King Stephano!

Steph. Put off that gown, Trinculo; by this hand, I’ll have that gown.

Trin. Thy Grace shall have it.

Cal. The dropsy drown this fool!—what do you mean,
To dote thus on such luggage? Let’s along,
And do the murder first: if he awake,
From toe to crown he’ll fill our skins with pinches;
Make us strange stuff.

Steph. Be you quiet, monster.—Mistress line, is not this my jerkin? Now is the jerkin under the line:447-55 now, jerkin, you are like to lose your hair, and prove a bald jerkin.

Trin. Do, do; we steal by line and level,447-56 an’t like your Grace.

Steph. I thank thee for that jest; here’s a garment for’t: wit shall not go unrewarded while I am king of this country. Steal by line and level is an excellent pass of pate;448-57 there’s another garment for’t.

Trin. Monster, come, put some lime448-58 upon your fingers, and away with the rest.

Cal. I will have none on’t: we shall lose our time,
And all be turn’d to barnacles,448-59 or to apes
With foreheads villainous low.Steph. Monster, lay-to your fingers: help to bear this away, where my hogshead of wine is, or I’ll turn you out of my kingdom: go to, carry this.

Trin. And this.

Steph. Ay, and this.

A noise of hunters heard. Enter divers Spirits in shape of hounds, and hunt them about; Prospero and Ariel setting them on.

Pros. Hey, Mountain, hey!

Ari. Silver! there it goes, Silver!

Pros. Fury, Fury! there, Tyrant, there! hark! hark!— [Cal., Steph. and Trin. are driven out.
Go charge my goblins that they grind their joints
With dry convulsions; shorten up their sinews
With aged cramps; and more pinch-spotted make them
Than pard or cat-o’-mountain.449-60

Ari. Hark, they roar!

Pros. Let them be hunted soundly. At this hour
Lie at my mercy all mine enemies:
Shortly shall all my labours end, and thou
Shalt have the air at freedom: for a little
Follow, and do me service. [Exeunt.

ACT V

Scene I.—Before the Cell of Prospero.

Enter Prospero in his magic robes, and Ariel. Prospero speaks:

Now does my project gather to a head:
My charms crack not; my spirits obey; and Time
Goes upright with his carriage.450-1 How’s the day?

Ari. On the sixth hour; at which time, my lord,
You said our work should cease.

Pros. I did say so,
When first I raised the tempest. Say, my spirit,
How fares the King and’s followers?

Ari. Confined together
In the same fashion as you gave in charge:
Just as you left them; all are prisoners, sir,
In the line-grove which weather-fends your cell;450-2
They cannot budge till your release.450-3 The King,
His brother, and yours, abide all three distracted;
And the remainder mourning over them,
Brimful of sorrow and dismay; but chiefly
He that you term’d The good old lord, Gonzalo:
His tears run down his beard, like winter-drops
From eaves of reeds. Your charm so strongly works ’em,
That, if you now beheld them, your affections
Would become tender.

Pros. Dost thou think so, spirit?

Ari. Mine would, sir, were I human.

Pros. And mine shall.
Hast thou, which art but air, a touch, a feeling
Of their afflictions, and shall not myself,
One of their kind, that relish all as sharply
Passion as they,451-4 be kindlier moved than thou art?
Though with their high wrongs I am struck to th’ quick,
Yet with my nobler reason ’gainst my fury
Do I take part: the rarer action is
In virtue than in vengeance: they being penitent,
The sole drift of my purpose doth extend
Not a frown further. Go release them, Ariel:
My charms I’ll break, their senses I’ll restore,
And they shall be themselves.

Ari. I’ll fetch them, sir. [Exit.

Pros. Ye elves of hills, brooks, standing lakes, and groves;
And ye that on the sands with printless foot
Do chase the ebbing Neptune,451-5 and do fly him
When he comes back; you demi-puppets that
By moonshine do the green-sour ringlets451-6 make,
Whereof the ewe not bites; and you whose pastime
Is to make midnight mushrooms;452-7 that rejoice
To hear the solemn curfew;452-8 by whose aid—
Weak masters452-9 though ye be—I have be-dimm’d
The noon-tide Sun, call’d forth the mutinous winds,
And twixt the green sea and the azure vault
Set roaring war: to the dread-rattling thunder
Have I given fire, and rifted Jove’s452-10 stout oak
With his own bolt: the strong-based promontory
Have I made shake, and by the spurs452-11 pluck’d up
The pine and cedar: graves at my command
Have waked their sleepers, oped, and let ’em forth
By my so potent art. But this rough magic
I here abjure; and, when I have required
Some heavenly music,—which even now I do,—
To work mine end upon their senses that
This airy charm is for, I’ll break my staff,
Bury it certain fathoms in the earth,
And deeper than did ever plummet sound
I’ll drown my book. [Solemn music.

Re-enter Ariel: after him, Alonso, with a frantic gesture, attended by Gonzalo; Sebastian and Antonio in like manner, attended by Adrian and Francisco: they all enter the circle which Prospero has made, and there stand charmed; which Prospero observing, speaks.

A solemn air, as the best comforter
To an unsettled fancy, cure the brains,
Now useless, boil’d453-12 within the skull!—There stand,
For you are spell-stopp’d.—
Holy Gonzalo, honourable man,
Mine eyes, even sociable to453-13 the show of thine,
Fall fellowly drops.453-14—The charm dissolves apace;
And as the morning steals upon the night,
Melting the darkness, so their rising senses453-15
Begin to chase the ignorant fumes that mantle453-16
Their clearer reason.—O thou good Gonzalo,
My true preserver, and a loyal sir
To him thou follow’st! I will pay thy graces
Home453-17 both in word and deed.—Most cruelly
Didst thou, Alonso, use me and my daughter:
Thy brother was a furtherer in the act:—
Thou’rt pinch’d for’t now, Sebastian.—Flesh and blood,
You, brother mine, that entertain’d ambition
Expell’d remorse453-18 and nature;453-19 who, with Sebastian,—
Whose inward pinches therefore are most strong,—
Would here have kill’d your King; I do forgive thee,
Unnatural though thou art,—Their understanding
Begins to swell; and the approaching tide
Will shortly fill the reasonable shore,454-20
That now lies foul and muddy. Not one of them
That yet looks on me, or would know me.—Ariel,
Fetch me the hat and rapier in my cell:—
[Exit Ariel.
I will discase me,454-21 and myself present
As I was sometime Milan:454-22—quickly, spirit;
Thou shalt ere long be free.

Ariel re-enters, singing, and helps to attire Prospero.

Ari.Where the bee sucks, there suck I:
In a cowslip’s bell I lie,—
There I couch: when owls do cry,
On the bat’s back I do fly
After Summer, merrily.454-23
Merrily, merrily shall I live now
Under the blossom that hangs on the bough.

Pros. Why, that’s my dainty Ariel! I shall miss thee;
But yet thou shalt have freedom:—so, so, so.
To the King’s ship, invisible as thou art:
There shalt thou find the mariners asleep
Under the hatches; the master and the boatswain
Being awaked, enforce them to this place,
And presently, I pr’ythee.

Ari. I drink the air before me,456-24 and return
Or e’er your pulse twice beat. [Exit Ariel.

Gonza. All torment, trouble, wonder, and amazement
Inhabit here: some heavenly power guide us
Out of this fearful country!

Pros. Behold, sir King,
The wronged Duke of Milan, Prospero:
For more assurance that a living prince
Does now speak to thee, I embrace thy body;
And to thee and thy company I bid
A hearty welcome.

Alon. WhÊr456-25 thou be’st he or no,
Or some enchanted trifle456-26 to abuse me,
As late I have been, I not know: thy pulse
Beats, as of flesh and blood; and, since I saw thee,
Th’ affliction of my mind amends, with which,
I fear, a madness held me: this must crave—
An if this be at all456-27—a most strange story.
Thy dukedom I resign and do entreat
Thou pardon me my wrongs.456-28 But how should Prospero
Be living and be here?

Pros. First, noble friend,456-29
Let me embrace thine age, whose honour cannot
Be measured or confined.

Gonza. Whether this be
Or be not, I’ll not swear.

Pros. You do yet taste
Some subtilties457-30 o’ the isle, that will not let you
Believe things certain.—Welcome, my friends all:—
[Aside to Sebas. and Anto.] But you, my brace of lords, were I so minded,
I here could pluck his Highness’ frown upon you,
And justify you traitors:457-31 at this time
I’ll tell no tales.

Sebas. [Aside to Anto.] The Devil speaks in him.

Pros. Now,
For you, most wicked sir, whom to call brother
Would even infect my mouth, I do forgive
Thy rankest fault; all of them; and require
My dukedom of thee, which perforce, I know,
Thou must restore.

Alon. If thou be’st Prospero,
Give us particulars of thy preservation;
How thou hast met us here, who three hours since
Were wreck’d upon this shore; where I have lost—
How sharp the point of this remembrance is!—
My dear son Ferdinand.

Pros. I’m woe457-32 for’t, sir.

Alon. Irreparable is the loss; and patience
Says it is past her cure.

Pros. I rather think
You have not sought her help; of whose soft grace,
For the like loss I have her sovereign aid,
And rest myself content.

Alon. You the like loss!

Pros. As great to me, as late;458-33 and, portable
To make the dear loss, have I means much weaker
Than you may call to comfort you; for I
Have lost my daughter.

Alon. A daughter!
O Heavens, that they were living both in Naples,
The King and Queen there! that they were, I wish
Myself were mudded in that oozy bed
Where my son lies. When did you lose your daughter?

Pros. In this last tempest. I perceive, these lords
At this encounter do so much admire,458-34
That they devour their reason, and scarce think
Their eyes do offices of truth, these words
Are natural breath:458-35 but, howsoe’er you have
Been justled from your senses, know for certain
That I am Prospero, and that very Duke
Which was thrust forth of Milan; who most strangely
Upon this shore, where you were wreck’d, was landed
To be the lord on’t. No more yet458-36 of this;
For ’tis a chronicle of day by day,458-37
Not a relation for a breakfast, nor
Befitting this first meeting. Welcome, sir;
This cell’s my Court: here have I few attendants,
And subjects none abroad: pray you, look in.
My dukedom since you’ve given me again,
I will requite you with as good a thing;
At least bring forth a wonder to content ye
As much as me my dukedom.

The entrance of the Cell opens, and discovers Ferdinand and Miranda playing at chess.

Mira. Sweet lord, you play me false.459-38

Ferd. No, my dear’st love,
I would not for the world.

Mira. Yes, for a score of kingdoms you should wrangle,459-39
And I would call it fair play.

Alon. If this prove
A vision of the island, one dear son
Shall I twice lose.459-40

Sebas. A most high miracle!

Ferd. Though the seas threaten, they are merciful!
I’ve cursed them without cause. [Kneels to Alon.

Alon. Now all the blessings
Of the glad father compass thee about!
Arise, and say how thou earnest here.

Mira. O, wonder!
How many goodly creatures are there here!
How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world,
That has such people in’t!

Pros. ’Tis new to thee.

Alon. What is this maid with whom thou wast at play?
Your eld’st acquaintance cannot be three hours:
Is she the goddess that hath sever’d us,
And brought us thus together?

Ferd. Sir, she’s mortal;
But by immortal Providence she’s mine:
I chose her when I could not ask my father
For his advice, nor thought I had one. She
Is daughter to this famous Duke of Milan,
Of whom so often I have heard renown,
But never saw before; of whom I have
Received a second life; and second father
This lady makes him to me.460-41

Alon. I am hers:
But, O, how oddly will it sound that I
Must ask my child forgiveness!

Pros. There, sir, stop:
Let us not burden our remembrance with
A heaviness that’s gone.

Gonza. I’ve inly wept,
Or should have spoke ere this.—Look down, you gods,
And on this couple drop a blessed crown!
For it is you that have chalk’d forth the way
Which brought us hither.

Alon. I say, Amen, Gonzalo!

Gonza. Was Milan thrust from Milan, that his issue
Should become Kings of Naples! O, rejoice
Beyond a common joy! and set it down
With gold on lasting pillars: In one voyage
Did Claribel her husband find at Tunis;
And Ferdinand, her brother, found a wife
Where he himself was lost; Prospero, his dukedom,
In a poor isle; and all of us, ourselves,
When no man was his own.462-42

Alon. [To Ferd. and Mira.] Give me your hands:
Let grief and sorrow still embrace his heart
That doth not wish you joy!

Gonza. Be’t so! Amen!—

Re-enter Ariel, with the Master and Boatswain amazedly following.

O, look, sir, look, sir! here is more of us:
I prophesied, if a gallows were on land,
This fellow could not drown.462-43—Now, blasphemy,
That swear’st grace o’erboard, not an oath on shore?462-44
Hast thou no mouth by land? What is the news?

Boats. The best news is, that we have safely found
Our King and company; the next, our ship—
Which, but three glasses since, we gave out split—
Is tight, and yare, and bravely rigg’d, as when
We first put out to sea.

Ari. [Aside to Pros.] Sir, all this service
Have I done since I went.

Pros. [Aside to Ariel.] My tricksy463-45 spirit!

Alon. These are not natural events; they strengthen
From strange to stranger.—Say, how came you hither?

Boats. If I did think, sir, I were well awake,
I’d strive to tell you. We were dead of sleep,
And—how we know not—all clapp’d under hatches;
Where, but even now, with strange and several noises
Of roaring, shrieking, howling, jingling chains,
And more diversity of sounds, all horrible,
We were awaked; straightway, at liberty:
When we, in all her trim, freshly beheld
Our royal, good, and gallant ship; our master
Capering to eye her:463-46 on a trice, so please you,
Even in a dream, were we divided from them,
And were brought moping463-47 hither.

Ari. [Aside to Pros.] Was’t well done?

Pros. [Aside to Ari.] Bravely, my diligence.
Thou shalt be free.

Alon. This is as strange a maze as e’er men trod;
And there is in this business more than Nature
Was ever conduct of:463-48 some oracle
Must rectify our knowledge.463-49

Pros. Sir, my liege,
Do not infest your mind with beating on463-50
The strangeness of this business; at pick’d leisure,464-51
Which shall be shortly, single I’ll resolve464-52 you—
Which to you shall seem probable—of every
These happen’d accidents:464-53 till when, be cheerful,
And think of each thing well.—[Aside to Ariel.] Come hither, spirit:
Set Caliban and his companions free;
Untie the spell. [Exit Ari.]—How fares my gracious sir?
There are yet missing of your company
Some few odd lads that you remember not.

Re-enter Ariel, driving in Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo, in their stolen apparel.

Steph. Every man shift for all the rest,464-54 and let no man take care for himself; for all is but fortune.—Coragio,464-55 bully-monster, coragio!

Trin. If these be true spies which I wear in my head,464-56 here’s a goodly sight.

Cal. O Setebos, these be brave spirits indeed!
How fine my master is! I am afraid
He will chastise me.

Sebas. Ha, ha!
What things are these, my Lord Antonio?
Will money buy ’em?

Anto. Very like; one of them
Is a plain fish, and, no doubt, marketable.

Pros. Mark but the badges of these men, my lords,
Then say if they be true. This mis-shaped knave,—
His mother was a witch; and one so strong
That could control the Moon, make flows and ebbs,
And deal in her command without465-57 her power.
These three have robb’d me; and this demi-devil—
For he’s but half a one—had plotted with them
To take my life: two of these fellows you
Must know and own; this thing of darkness I
Acknowledge mine.

Cal. I shall be pinch’d to death.

Alon. Is not this Stephano, my drunken butler?

Sebas. He is drunk now: where had he wine?

Alon. And Trinculo is reeling ripe: where should they
Find this grand liquor that hath gilded465-58 ’em?—
How camest thou in this pickle?

Trin. I have been in such a pickle since I saw you last, that I fear me, will never out of my bones: I shall not fear fly-blowing.465-59

Sebas. Why, how now, Stephano!

Steph. O, touch me not! I am not Stephano, but a cramp.

Pros. You’d be king o’ the isle, sirrah?

Steph. I should have been a sore465-60 one, then.Alon. [Pointing to Cal.] This is as strange a thing as e’er I look’d on.

Pros. He is as disproportion’d in his manners
As in his shape.—Go, sirrah, to my cell;
Take with you your companions; as you look
To have my pardon, trim it handsomely.

Cal. Ay, that I will; and I’ll be wise hereafter,
And seek for grace. What a thrice double ass
Was I, to take this drunkard for a god,
And worship this dull fool!

Pros. Go to; away!

Alon. Hence, and bestow your luggage where you found it.

Sebas. Or stole it, rather.

[Exeunt Cal., Steph., and Trin.

Pros. Sir, I invite your Highness and your train
To my poor cell, where you shall take your rest
For this one night; which, part of it, I’ll waste
With such discourse as, I not doubt, shall make it
Go quick away,—the story of my life,
And the particular accidents gone by,
Since I came to this isle: and in the morn
I’ll bring you to your ship, and so to Naples,
Where I have hope to see the nuptial
Of these our dear-beloved solemnized;
And thence retire me466-61 to my Milan, where
Every third thought shall be my grave.466-62

Alon. I long
To hear the story of your life, which must
Take the ear strangely.

Pros. I’ll deliver all;
And promise you calm seas, auspicious gales,
And sail so expeditious, that shall catch
Your royal fleet far off.—[Aside to Ari.] My Ariel, chick,
That is thy charge: then to the elements
Be free, and fare thou well!—Please you, draw near. [Exeunt.

EPILOGUE467-63

SPOKEN BY PROSPERO

Now my charms are all o’erthrown,
And what strength I have’s mine own,—467-64
Which is most faint: now, ’tis true,
I must be here confined by you,467-65
Or sent to Naples. Let me not,
Since I have my dukedom got,
And pardon’d the deceiver, dwell
In this bare island by your spell;
But release me from my bands,
With the help of your good hands.467-66
Gentle breath of yours my sails
Must fill, or else my project fails,
Which was to please: now I want
Spirits to enforce, art to enchant;
And my ending is despair,
Unless I be relieved by prayer;
Which pierces so, that it assaults
Mercy itself, and frees all faults.
As you from crimes would pardon’d be,
Let your indulgence set me free.

366-1 Good was often used in Shakespeare’s time as we use the word well, to introduce a sentence.366-2 Fall to’t yarely means get to work briskly.366-3 Perhaps the line should read, “Blow till thou burst thee, wind.”366-4 If there is sea-room enough. The boatswain is not alarmed if he can have room to handle his ship.366-5 We still say “play the man” when we wish to encourage any one to be brave and manly.367-6 The word time may be understood after present. The boatswain infers that they cannot make peaceful weather of the present storm.367-7 Hap means happen.367-8 The word complexion here means bent or inclination. Gonzalo says the boatswain is born to be hung; he cannot be drowned.367-9 The boatswain finds he has not sea-room enough so he calls upon the sailors to take down the topmast and to bring the ship as close into the wind as possible and hold her there with the main sail.367-10 This sentence means they are noisier than the tempest and the commands of our officers.368-11 Gonzalo still thinks the boatswain was born to be hanged, and warrants that he will not be drowned.368-12 The boatswain is still trying to bring her to the wind, so she may get out to sea. The courses are the largest lower sails.368-13 Merely, here, means entirely or absolutely.368-14 Glut means swallow.369-15 These are all plants that grow in England, and were to Shakespeare the familiar signs of barren ground.369-16 The wills above be done means the will of the Powers above be done. Gonzalo interests us from the start by his rather humorous view of everything.369-1 Welkin means sky.369-2 Brave means fine.369-3 Or e’er means before or sooner than.370-4 Fraughting means freighting. The human souls were the freight of the ship.370-5 Amazement means anguish and deep distress rather than astonishment.370-6 In the time of Shakespeare it was not considered inelegant English to use two forms of the comparative and superlative degrees. More better, most best are good examples.370-7 Meddle means mix. Miranda says she never thought of knowing more about herself or her father.370-8 Prospero means that with his garment he lays his magic arts aside and becomes the loving, human father.370-9 Prospero does not complete his sentence, but expresses the same thought in different form.372-10 Bootless inquisition means fruitless questioning. The father has before begun to tell Miranda who she is, but has interrupted himself, and said, “Stay, not yet.”372-11 Out means fully.372-12 Prospero says, in these two lines, “If you can remember anything that happened before we came here, you may remember how we came here.”373-13 Holp is an old form of helped.373-14 Teen is an old word that means trouble or anxiety.373-15 Please you, further, means Please you, tell me further.373-16 Manage means management.373-17 Signiories is a name for principalities.373-18 Prime means first or leading.374-19 Who is used for whom, as it was not considered ungrammatical in Shakespeare’s day.374-20 Trash means check or set back.374-21 Over-topping means rising too high. Prospero means that his brother knew what persons to check when they tried to rise too high, to gain too much power.374-22 The brother understood the key that kept officer and office in tune, and so set the minds of all Prospero’s subjects thinking as the usurper wished. That is, Antonio took Prospero’s friends away from him.374-23 We would say so that instead of merely that.374-24 To closeness means to privacy, to studies in his own home.374-25 But in this sense means except.374-26 This is a difficult clause to understand. What Prospero means is probably that his studies would have exceeded all popular estimate in value, but that they (if they had not) kept him so retired from public life. Prospero sees the mistake he made, but cannot give up the idea that his studies were valuable.375-27 Sans is a French word that means without.375-28 By falsing it means by falsifying it or forging it.375-29 Shakespeare omits the word as before to. Antonio made so great a sinner of his memory unto truth as to credit his own lie.375-30 Out of the substitution may be understood to mean because of his being my substitute.375-31 Prospero’s tale is not clearly told. He is evidently thinking of other things, and his sentences are often imperfect. His mind wanders to the things he intends doing, to the storm, the strangers on the island and to his plans for the future. Miranda is not inattentive—she is fascinated by the story—but her father attributes his own wandering thoughts to her.375-32 Tired of ruling behind a screen, for that is what Prospero really was. Antonio planned to remove his brother and become absolute Duke of Milan.375-33 Shakespeare omits the word for before me.376-34 So dry he was for sway, might now be written as so thirsty he was for power.376-35 Prospero bewails the fate of his principality, Milan.376-36 The meaning of the last seven lines is that Antonio thought Prospero incapable of ruling, offered to pay the King of Naples an annual tribute, to do him homage and to make Milan subject to Naples.376-37 In lieu now means instead of, but Shakespeare uses it in the sense of in return for.376-38 Presently means immediately.376-39 Practice means plot or stratagem.376-40 The six lines mean that one midnight, suited to such a plot, a treacherous army having been levied, Antonio opened the gates of Milan, and in the dead of darkness hurried away Prospero and the crying Miranda.377-41 In this place hint means theme or subject.377-42 Upon’s is upon us.377-43 Impertinent in this connection means out of place.377-44 Wench means girl, and at the time of Shakespeare was a term of affection, like dear girl.377-45 In few may be read as in a few words, that is, to make the story brief.377-46 Hoist us means hoisted us, that is left us.378-47 Degg’d means sprinkled.378-48 Shakespeare, as was the custom in those days, often used the word stomach for courage; an undergoing stomach is a lasting courage.378-49 Steaded means aided. We might say, which have since stood us in good stead.378-50 Readers of Shakespeare dispute about the meaning of this sentence. We might imagine Prospero to say half to himself “Now I arise;” that is, “My turn has come.”378-51 Made thee more profit, that is, have made you to profit more, have taught you to better advantage.379-52 The zenith is the highest point.379-53 Prospero means that if he acts now his fortunes will rise to their highest point, but that if he waits, he will lose his opportunity.379-54 Prospero, by his magic, throws his daughter into a deep sleep so that he may carry on his plans without her knowledge.379-55 This line may be understood to read, Ariel, and all spirits of his kind.379-56 Performed to point means performed in every respect.379-57 The beak of a ship is the prow, the projecting forward part.380-58 The waist of a ship is the middle portion.380-59 Distinctly means here separately. Ariel caused light globes of flame to appear for a second in different parts of the rigging, and to move about and to join.380-60 Momentary means instantaneous.380-61 Coil means tumult or confusion.380-62 This clause means There was not a soul that did not feel such a fever as madmen feel.380-63 In this place upstaring means sticking up.381-64 For unstaining we would say unstained.381-65 Odd angle probably means out-of-the-way place.381-66 Probably Ferdinand sat with his arms folded loosely, his head hanging on his breast.381-67 This is a good example of the way Shakespeare sometimes changes the natural order in which the parts of a sentence should be placed. Naturally the sentence would read: “Say, how hast thou disposed of the mariners of the King’s ship, and all the rest of the fleet?”381-68 Bermoothes is the old form of the word Bermudas. It was supposed that witches haunted the Bermudas and filled the air with tempests, which kept the waters always stormy. Still-vexed means always stormy. The present errands of the spirit Ariel are not the first he has executed for Prospero. Dew from the Bermudas was probably wanted for some of his magical rites.381-69 To enjoy The Tempest, we must lay aside our reason to the extent of believing in charms and in magic, in witchcraft and in Ariel’s wonderful powers. Prospero’s control of the magic art is part of what he gained from his studies while Antonio was stealing his principality.382-70 Flote is flood, therefore wave or sea.382-71 This means that it was about two o’clock in the afternoon—past the mid-season by about the time it would take the sand to run twice through the hour-glass.382-72 Remember here means remind.382-73 Perform’d me means performed for me.382-74 Say no more.382-75 “To release me a full year before my time is up,” is what Ariel says Prospero has promised.383-76 This speech shows how marvelous are some of the things Ariel has already done for Prospero.383-77 Prospero is not speaking in earnest when he calls Ariel a “malignant thing.” He intends to release Ariel soon.383-78 To Shakespeare and other writers of his time, the word envy meant malice.383-79 Argier is an old name for Algiers.383-80 Blue-eyed means that the witch had dark blue circles around her eyes, not that she had real blue eyes.383-81 For means because.384-82 Hests means behests or commands.384-83 The witch confined Ariel in a cloven pine tree.384-84 This line means save for the son that was born here.384-85 Correspondent means obedient.385-86 Miss means spare.385-87 When was often used as an exclamation of impatience.386-88 Old meanings for quaint are artful, ingenious.386-89 Wicked dew probably means poisonous dew.386-90 Caliban, in cursing his master, alludes to the common belief of that time that a southwest wind was unwholesome.386-91 Side stitches are stitches or pains in the side.386-92 Urchins were troublesome sprites or fairies.386-93 Vast alludes to the middle hours of night when in the stillness and vacancy evil spirits can do their work.386-94 Just what Caliban means here is uncertain.387-95 Sty here means confine, as in a sty.387-96 This clause means did’st not, savage, know the meaning of thine own words.387-97 Rid means destroy.388-98 Old here, as often in the writings of Shakespeare’s time, is used merely to make stronger the meaning of the word that follows it.388-99 Kiss’d the wild waves whist means soothed the wild waves into peace.389-100 Ferdinand was suffering, and Shakespeare used the word passion to express the idea as we use it in speaking of the Passion of Christ.389-101 This line means without suffering a change from the effects of the sea.389-102 Owes here means possesses.389-103 Prospero speaking to Miranda says, “Lift up your eyelids and tell me what you see yonder.”389-104 In this connection brave means fine or noble.390-105 Canker means rust or tarnish. Prospero says, “Except for the fact that he’s somewhat stained with grief, which tarnishes beauty, you might call him a goodly person.”390-106 Miranda, it must be remembered, has never seen any other man than her father.390-107 Prospero sees his plan going on well and gives Ariel credit for it. Just what the plan is will soon become apparent.390-108 Ferdinand speaks somewhat aside when he sees the beautiful Miranda, and then directly addresses her. He is embarrassed, calls her a goddess, asks her how he shall behave, calls her a wonder, but above all, wishes to know if she is mortal or not.390-109 The word Miranda means wonderful390-110 “She speaks my language!”391-111 A single thing means a weak and companionless thing.391-112 Myself am Naples means I am now the King of Naples.391-113 Notice that this is the only mention of a son to Antonio, the usurping Duke of Milan.391-114 Control means here confute, that is, tell you differently.391-115 Prospero notices the interest the two young people have taken in each other, and as this furthers his plan he feels more grateful to Ariel.391-116 What Prospero says is, “I fear that in claiming to be the King of Naples you have done some wrong to your character.”392-117 Prospero wishes to test the love he sees in Ferdinand, and make him earn his prize. So he charges the young man with deceit and threatens him.392-118 Fearful here means timid.393-119 Ward is his position of defense to ward off a blow.393-120 Nerves is here used for muscles and sinews.394-1 This word means a ship—the merchantman.395-2 A visitor in this sense is one who visits the sick to comfort them. Antonio and Sebastian are ridiculing Gonzalo for his efforts to cheer and console them.395-3 Tell means keep tally. Sebastian means that the clock of Gonzalo’s wit has struck one.395-4 Dolour means grief or sadness.395-5 Instead of of he or Adrian, we would say merely he or Adrian. Antonio offers to bet a good sum on which will speak first, Gonzalo or Adrian.395-6 Gonzalo.395-7 A match means I take the bet.396-8 Sebastian has lost his bet, and he pays with a laugh.396-9 Adrian means temperature when he says temperance.396-10 People often named their girls Temperance, Prudence, Faith, etc. It is to this fact that Antonio jokingly alludes.396-11 Lush means juicy.396-12 Eye here means tint or shade.397-13 We would now say for instead of to.397-14 Tunis is near the supposed site of Carthage. The story of Dido and Æneas is told in Virgil’s Æneid.397-15 One of the stories of the god Mercury is that he gave to Amphion, King of Thebes, a magic harp upon which the king played and so charmed the stones that they sprang into place to make the walls of his city.398-16 The meaning of stomach in this line is appetite or desire. Alonso says they crowd their words into his ears when his feelings do not relish such nonsense.398-17 Rate means estimation.398-18 His is used for its and refers to shore.398-19 For as, read as if.399-20 Who is used for which. This is but another illustration of the changes that have taken place in the use of words since Shakespeare’s time.399-21 Sebastian tells the King that he alone is responsible for the loss. Even his daughter weighed her wish to be obedient against her loathing of the match.399-22 Dearest here means the same as heaviest or worst.399-23 Chirurgeon is the old word for surgeon. Antonio says, “And in the most surgeon-like manner.”400-24 Gonzalo says, literally. “When you are sad, we all share your sorrow.”400-25 “Had I the colonizing” is what Gonzalo means. Antonio makes it appear that Gonzalo was speaking of planting the island.400-26 Succession means inheritance, as a son succeeds to his father’s property.400-27 Bourn means brook, hence boundary, as of land.400-28 Tilth means tillage or cultivation, as of land.401-29 He probably means any engine of war.401-30 Foison means plenty of grain or fruits.401-31 The Golden Age is that period of the world’s history when there was no sin, sorrow or suffering, and when all mankind was so good that there was no need of government of any sort. The Greeks, especially, but other peoples to some extent, have mythical tales of such a time.401-32 Sensible is here used for sensitive.401-33 Gonzalo admits that in witty talk he is nothing in comparison to Antonio and Sebastian.401-34 A blow with the flat of a sword is harmless: so is Gonzalo’s wit.402-35 We would say should instead of would in this case.402-36 When they used to hunt birds in the night, they called it bat-fowling. Sometimes at night they took a light into the woods, and while one of the hunters held a net in front of the light, the others would beat the bushes round about. Some of the frightened birds would fly directly at the light and become entangled in the net.402-37 Adventure here means put in peril.402-38 Ariel is at work again, and in carrying out the plans of Prospero, he causes some to fall asleep that the others may plot.402-39 Omit here means neglect. Sebastian suggests that it will be better for Alonso to go to sleep while he can. He has reasons for wishing the King asleep.403-40 Alonso grows more sleepy under Ariel’s influence, and in these words alludes to what Sebastian has just said—“It is a wondrous heavy offer of sleep.”404-41 They refers to the other men.404-42 Probably we must understand Antonio to mean, “What might you be!” In this way Antonio begins to tempt Sebastian, whom he finds ready to listen.404-43 Speaks means proclaims.404-44 Antonio says in effect, “You close your eyes when you are awake. You are blind to your opportunity.”404-45 “If you heed me.”404-46 Antonio means, “Which if you do, you shall be three times as great as you are now.”405-47 By I am standing water, Sebastian means that he is like the ocean standing between tides, ready to ebb or flow. That is, he is ready to accept suggestions from Antonio.405-48 Antonio says in effect, “The more you ridicule the purpose I suggest, the more you welcome it.”405-49 Ebbing men, that is, men whose fortunes are at a low ebb.405-50 Matter means something of great importance.405-51 “It is difficult or painful for you to say what you think.” While both have about the same idea in their minds, neither is quite willing to speak of it openly. It is too cruel and murderous a thought.405-52 Francisco.405-53 That is, “this lord who remembers little of the favors done him, and will be remembered no better.”405-54 Earth’d means buried.406-55 A wink here means the least distance.406-56 It is difficult to say just what But doubt discovery there means. Antonio says, “But out of your certainty that Ferdinand is drowned, you have a great hope, a hope so high that ambition cannot see anything greater.”406-57 This means ten leagues farther away than a man can travel in his life.406-58 Can have no note means can receive no word.406-59 This clause means unless the sun carried the mail.406-60 Though some were cast up again.406-61 This sentence means, you and I can manage what is to come.407-62 “Measure us back,” etc., means the same as Return to us.407-63 The word others may be understood after there be.407-64 A chough is a bird of the jackdaw kind.407-65 This clause means, I myself could breed a bird to talk as sensibly.407-66 This is difficult to understand. Perhaps it means. “And how does your present contentment advance or care for your interest?”407-67 Feater means more fittingly or more becomingly.408-68 A kibe is a sore on the heel.408-69 Candied means here the same as crystallized.408-70 This means, while you, doing the same thing, might put Gonzalo to continuous sleep forever.408-71 Suggestion here means temptation.408-72 They’ll tell the clock to any business, etc., means they will speak any words we tell them to.408-73 Draw together is let us draw our swords together.409-74 That is, Why are your swords drawn?409-75 This means, Why do you look so ghastly?410-1 Inch-meal means piece-meal.410-2 Urchin-shows are fairy-shows.410-3 Fire-brand refers to will o’ the wisp, or dancing balls of light seen sometimes at night in swampy places. People used to think these lights were tended by naughty sprites who lured men into trouble.410-4 We would now say sometimes.410-5 Mow means make mouths or grin.411-6 Pricks, here, means their prickles or sharp quills.411-7 Caliban is a monster, part brute, part human, more fish-like than man-like, probably. He works only when Prospero drives him to it, and he hates his master bitterly in spite of all that the latter has done for him. Now Caliban is under punishment for his wickedness.411-8 To bear off means to keep off.411-9 A bombard is a black jar or jug to hold liquor.411-10 Poor-john is an old name for dried and salted hake, a kind of fish.411-11 Trinculo means that any strange beast could be exhibited and make a man’s fortune.412-12 A gaberdine was a coarse outer garment or frock.412-13 A swabber is a man who scrubs the decks of a ship.412-14 Tang means sharp taste; here it means that Kate spoke sharply.413-15 Inde may mean India as we understand it, or West India, that is, America. Stephano probably alludes to the sham wonders from America that were often exhibited by lying showmen.413-16 Neat’s-leather is calfskin.413-17 Stephano means that he will take all he can get.413-18 He alludes to an old saying, “Good liquor will make a cat talk.”414-19 This is probably the nearest to a prayer that Stephano can remember in his fright.414-20 This alludes to an old proverb, “He that would eat with the devil must use a long spoon.”414-21 Siege here means seat.414-22 A moon-calf was any shapeless monster; supposed to be made so through the influence of the moon.415-23 The superstitious Trinculo is still a little afraid that Stephano may be a ghost.415-24 Constant here means settled, from his recent experiences in the sea.415-25 The word an may be omitted from before if without altering the meaning. Caliban fears the men may be evil spirits, but thinks Stephano must be a god.415-26 Sack is an old-fashioned intoxicating drink. A butt is a big cask holding about two hogsheads.416-27 All these things the fanciful used to think they could see in the face of the moon.416-28 This probably means that Caliban had taken a long hearty draught at the bottle.