The Book of War: The Military Classic of the Far East / The Articles of Suntzu; The Sayings of Wutzu

INDEX

active 6th century B.C. Sunzi

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Formation-battle, 97

Frontal attack, 11

G

General, interference with, ill-advised, 10;

ability of, one of seven important matters, 18;

skilful, is steadfast in “Way” and “Law,” 30;

as “God of War” changes tactics, 39;

must know the Nine Changes, 45;

five faults dangerous for, 46;

what implied by exceeding graciousness of, 52;

blustering and obsequious, 52;

strange to troops, 52;

weak and amiable, 55;

calamities due to defects in, 55;

unable to estimate enemy, 56;

anxious for people’s welfare, 56;

must be calm, inscrutable, just, and prudent, 63;

conceals plans, 63;

must have topographical knowledge and use guides, 65;

bestows rewards discreetly, 66;

is not actuated by anger, 69;

should be in accord with soldiers, 93;

must not procrastinate, 97;

Wutzu on qualities of, 101-107;

five matters important for, 101;

of the enemy to be appraised, 104;

action in accordance with judgment of enemy’s, 105;

how to judge enemy’s, 106-107

Gongs, use of, in war, 108

Government of a country, 77-84;

object of, 79;

good, foundation of victory, 95

Ground, influence of, in war, 12;

marshy, to be avoided for camp, 44;

action in mountainous and wooded, 45;

disposal of troops on high, marshy, flat, sunny, steep, boggy, and tangled, 47-49;

object of enemy encamped on open, 49;

Suntzu on, 53-67;

open, 53-54;

broken, 54;

suspended, 54;

defiles in, 54;

precipitous, 54;

the handmaid of victory, 56;

results from good use of, 63;

one of four important influences in war, 102, 103;

inundation of enemy on marshy, 106

Grounds, the Nine, 58-67;

action with regard to, 64;

knowledge of, necessary to general, 65

Guests, entertainment of, costly in war, 21

Guides, employment of, necessary, 42, 65

Procedure, military, 40

Procrastination, evil of, in war, 97

Profit, a cause of war, 80

Punishment, frequent, what betokened by, 52;

when ordered by strange general, 52

Q

Qualities, of the general, 101-107

R

Rank, for those skilful in five arms, 88

Reason, one of five important matters for general, 101

Regard-over, for troops, dangerous fault, 46

Relaxation of troops, 55

Repulse, resulting from general’s incapacity, 55

Requirements of war, 20-21

Reserve (or flanking) force, 12

Rest, propriety in, 95

Rewards, justice in according, 18;

for those who take advantage of enemy, 23;

frequent, show lack of discipline, 52;

general’s freedom in bestowing, 66;

for families of skilful in five arms, 88;

consequence of enemy’s wise bestowal of, 91;

in advance, 94;

to be given to merit, 116

Revenge, war of, 81

Riches, why denied to soldiers, 61

Right-hand men, 73, and note

Righteous war, 81

Righteousness, overcome by propriety, 81;

at root of achievement and merit, 79

Rivers of China affect operations, 12;

encampment on, inundation, and poisoning of, 12;

not to be crossed when turbulent, 49;

observation of drawers from, 51

Roads to avoid, 45

Rule, as to survey of land, 30;

general above, in bestowing rewards, 66;

modified by circumstances, 67

S

Sanctuary, reckoning in, before fighting, 20

Scales, in laws of war, 30

Secret of war, Wutzu on, 104

Secret, ground of approaching attack to be kept, 37

Shen, Duke, 84

Shield, one of five arms, 88, note

Siege, not to be undertaken, if avoidable, 25;

misfortunes entailed by, 25

Simplicity, one of five important matters for leader, 101, 102

Simulation, use of, 33

Situation, important matter in war, 17

Snakes (banners), 99

Soldiers, training of, 18;

strength of, 18

Sparrows, red (banners), 99

Spears, weapons for short men, 98

Spies
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FOOTNOTES:

[1] The five virtues of humanity, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith are known as The Way.

[2] The Yin and Yang are the two principles into which natural phenomena are divided in Chinese philosophy. Yin is the masculine, active, or light principle, and Yang is the feminine, passive, or dark principle. In this connection, day and night, rain, mist and wind are designated.

[3] The Chinese army consisted of 12,500, the “lu” of 500, “tsu” of 50, and the “wu” of 5 men.

[4] The “Chuyin” was a large tower or work constructed to give command over the interior of the enemy’s fortress.
High poles were also erected, from the top of which archers, each encased in an arrow-proof box and raised by a rope and pulley, shot at the besieged.

[5] Literally 9th heaven, and 9th earth. The Chinese divided the earth and sky each into 9 strata.

[6] An animal’s coat is thinnest in autumn.

[7] The drum was used to beat the assembly and in the advance, the bell as a signal to halt. Flags were of two kinds, signalling flags and distinguishing banners.

[8] The normal and the abnormal refer to what in modern phrase are termed the frontal or holding force and the flanking or surprise force.

[9] The five cardinal tastes are, acridity, bitterness, sourness, sweetness and saline taste.

[10] Sun, as has been said, was a man of Wu. Wu and Yueh were continually at war.

[11] Wood, fire, earth, metal and water.

[12] This passage was written on the standard of Takeda Shingen, one of Japan’s most famous generals.

[13] This and the following are so called because the men are continually thinking of, and slipping back to their homes.

[14] The population was divided, for military purposes, into groups of eight families. In time of war, each group sent one man into the field, furnished his wants, and provided for his family. Therefore if 100,000 men are taken, 700,000 homes are affected.

[15] So called because they are put to death when the enemy finds out that he has been tricked.

[16] Messengers and others, who do not disguise their identity, are included under this heading.

[17] Literally, right and left men, i.e. they who sat on either side.

[18] All numbers connected with weapons were Yin, that is to say—even, or belonging to the negative principle of Chinese philosophy from their connection with death.

[19] The back of a turtle was burnt, and the answer was ascertained by the manner in which the shell split.

[20] Halberd, shield, javelin, pike, and short pike.

[21] Silently.

Transcriber's note:
The following is a list of changes made to the original. The first line is the original line, the second the corrected one.
Page 40:
reap advantage; the wrangles of a multitude are frought with peril.
reap advantage; the wrangles of a multitude are fraught with peril.
Page 92:
Chi answered and said:—
Wu answered and said:—
Page 95:
"By what means can the army gain the victory?
"By what means can the army gain the victory?"
Page 109:
And Lord Wu asked and said:--
And Lord Wen asked and said:--

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