[1] Wordsworth, The Excursion, Book IV. 1293-5.

[2] Speech on the Bill for the Admission of Nebraska, January 15, 1867: Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 478.

[3] “Non hoc prÆcipuum amicorum munus est, prosequi defunctum ignavo questu, sed quÆ voluerit meminisse, quÆ mandaverit exsequi.”—Tacitus, Annalia, Lib. II. cap. 71.

[4] Senate Reports, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., No. 128.

[5] QuÆstiones Juris Publici, Lib. I. cap. 3.

[6] QuÆstiones Juris Publici, Lib. I. cap. 7.

[7] Letter to Mr. Hammond, May 29, 1792: Writings, Vol. III. p. 369.

[8] Le Droit des Gens, Liv. III. ch. 9, § 168.

[9] Law of Nations, pp. 138, 139.

[10] Coleridge, The Piccolomini, Act I. Scene 4.

[11] Le Droit des Gens, Liv. III. ch. 18, §§ 293-5.

[12] Prize Cases: 2 Black, R., 674.

[13] Mrs. Alexander’s Cotton: 2 Wallace, R., 419.

[14] Ibid.

[15] Le Droit des Gens, Liv. III. ch. 15, § 232.

[16] Memoirs and Recollections of Count SÉgur, (Boston, 1825,) pp. 305-6.

[17] Memoirs and Recollections of Count SÉgur, (Boston, 1825,) p. 304.

[18] Secretary Marcy to General Taylor, Sept. 22, 1846: Executive Documents, 30th Cong. 1st Sess., Senate. No. 1, p. 564.

[19] International Law, Ch. XIX. § 17.

[20] Vol. XI. p. 169, note.

[21] Alison, History of Europe, (Edinburgh, 1843,) Vol. IX. p. 880.

[22] Letter to Lieut. Gen. Sir John Hope, Oct. 8, 1813: Dispatches, Vol. XI. pp. 169-170.

[23] Sabine, Loyalists of the American Revolution, (Boston, 1864,) Vol. I. p. 112.

[24] Debate in the House of Commons, on the Compensation to the American Loyalists, June 6, 1788: Hansard’s Parliamentary History, Vol. XXVII. col. 610.

[25] Ibid., col. 614.

[26] Ibid., col. 616.

[27] Ibid., col. 617.

[28] American State Papers: Claims, p. 198.

[29] Ibid.

[30] Ibid., p. 199.

[31] House Reports, 1830-1, No. 68; 1831-2, No. 88; 1832-3, No. 11. Act, March 2, 1833: Private Laws, p. 546.

[32] American State Papers: Claims, p. 446. Act, March 1, 1815: Private Laws, p. 151.

[33] American State Papers: Claims, p. 444. Act, February 27, 1815: Private Laws, p. 150.

[34] American State Papers: Claims, p. 462.

[35] American State Papers: Claims, p. 521. Acts, March 3, 1817: Private Laws, pp. 194, 187.

[36] American State Papers: Claims, pp. 521, 522. Annals of Congress, 14th Cong. 2d Sess., coll. 215, 1036.

[37] American State Papers: Claims, p. 835. Annals of Congress, 17th Cong. 1st Sess., col. 311.

[38] Statutes at Large, Vol. III. p. 263.

[39] American State Papers: Claims, p. 590.

[40] Ibid.

[41] January 14th, Mr. Wilson moved, as an amendment to the pending bill, a substitute providing for the appointment of “commissioners to examine and report all claims for quartermasters’ stores and subsistence supplies furnished the military forces of the United States, during the late civil war, by loyal persons in the States lately in rebellion.”—Congressional Globe, 40th Cong. 3d Sess., p. 359.

[42] Speech in the House of Commons, January 14, 1766: Hansard’s Parliamentary History, Vol. XVI. col. 104.

[43] Speeches in the Senate on “Political Equality without Distinction of Color,” March 7, 1866, and the “Validity and Necessity of Fundamental Conditions on States,” June 10, 1868: Ante, Vol. XIII. pp. 307-9; Vol. XVI. pp. 246-9.

[44] Chap. XXV., Title.

[45] Chap. XXIX.

[46] Speech in the Senate, February 5 and 6, 1866: Ante, Vol. X. p. 184.

[47] The Federalist, No. LIV., by Alexander Hamilton.—Concerning the authorship of this paper, see the Historical Notice, by J. C. Hamilton, pp. xcv-cvi, and cxix-cxxvii, prefixed to his edition of the Federalist (Philadelphia, 1864).

[48] Elliot’s Debates, (2d edit.,) Vol. III. p. 367.

[49] 19 Howard, R., 476.

[50] M’Culloch v. State of Maryland: 4 Wheaton, R., 408-21.

[51] For the full text of the Convention, see Parliamentary Papers, 1868-9, Vol. LXIII.,—North America, No. 1, pp. 36-38; Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 1st Sess., Senate, No. 11,—Correspondence concerning Claims against Great Britain, Vol. III. pp. 752-5.

[52] A term applied in England to the Ashburton Treaty,—and Lord Palmerston thought “most properly.”—Debate in the House of Commons, February 2, 1843: Hansard, 3d Ser., Vol. LXVI. coll. 87, 121, 127.

[53] Stapleton’s Political Life of Canning, (London, 1831,) Vol. II. p. 408. Speech of Lord John Russell in the House of Commons, May 6, 1861: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXII. col. 1566.

[54] Speech in the House of Lords, May 16, 1861: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXII. col. 2084.

[55] On Foreign Jurisdiction and the Extradition of Criminals, (London, 1859,) p. 75. See also pp. 59, 65-67.

[56] Correspondence concerning Claims against Great Britain, Vol. I. pp. 21-22: Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 1st Sess., Senate, No. 11.

[57] Hautefeuille, Des Droits et des Devoirs des Nations Neutres, (2Ème Édit., Paris, 1858,) Tit. IX. chap. 7. Parliamentary Papers, 1837, Vol. LIV.; 1837-8, Vol. LII.

[58] Le Droit International Public de l’Europe, (Berlin et Paris, 1857,) §§ 112, 121.

[59] Mr. Adams to Earl Russell, July 24, 1862: Correspondence concerning Claims against Great Britain, Vol. III. pp. 26, 29.

[60] Earl Russell to Lord Lyons, March 27, 1863: Parliamentary Papers, 1864, Vol. LXII.,—North America, No. I. pp. 2, 3. Speech in the House of Lords, February 16, 1864: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXXIII. coll. 632, 633.

[61] Deposition of William Passmore, July 21, 1862,—in Note of Mr. Adams to Earl Russell, July 22, 1862: Correspondence concerning Claims against Great Britain, Vol. III. pp. 25-26.

[62] Schedule annexed to Deposition of John Latham, in Note of Mr. Adams to Earl Russell, January 13, 1864: Ibid., Vol. III. pp. 213-16.

[63] Speech in the House of Commons, March 27, 1863: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXX. coll. 71-72; The Times (London), March 28, 1863.

[64] Circular of May 11, 1841,—inclosing Circular to British functionaries abroad, dated May 8, 1841, together with a Memorial of the General Antislavery Convention held at London, June 20, 1840: Parliamentary Papers, 1842, Vols. XLIII., XLIV.

[65] Speeches on Questions of Public Policy, (London, 1868,) Vol. I. p. 239.

[66] Rebellion Record, Vol. VII., Part 3, p. 52.

[67] Speech, May 13, 1864: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXXV. col. 505.

[68] Speech at Rochdale, February 3, 1863: See preceding page.

[69] Speech of Prof. Goldwin Smith, at a Meeting of the Union and Emancipation Society, Manchester, England, April 6, 1863, on the Subject of War Ships for the Southern Confederacy: Report, p. 25.

[70] Mr. Canning to Mr. Monroe, August 3, 1807: American State Papers, Foreign Relations, Vol. III. p. 188.

[71] Mr. Foster to Mr. Monroe, November 1, 1811: American State Papers, Foreign Relations, Vol. III. pp. 499-500.

[72] Mr. Webster to Lord Ashburton, July 27, 1842: Executive Documents, 27th Cong. 3d Sess., H. of R., No. 2, p. 124.

[73] Lord Ashburton to Mr. Webster, July 28, 1842: Executive Documents, 27th Cong. 3d Sess., H. of R., No. 2, p. 134.

[74] Speech in the House of Commons, May 13, 1864: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXXV. coll. 496-7.

[75] Speech in the House of Commons, May 13, 1864: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXXV. col. 498.

[76] Ibid., col. 493.

[77] Page 27.

[78] Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXXV. col. 493.

[79] Ibid., col. 498. For official returns cited in the text, see Parliamentary Papers for 1864, Vol. LX. No. 137.

[80] Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, December 1, 1868, Appendix B: Executive Documents, 40th Cong. 3d Sess., H. of R., No. 2, p. 496.

[81] Ibid.

[82] Report of F. H. Morse, U. S. Consul at London, dated January 1, 1868: Commercial Relations of the United States with Foreign Nations for the Year ending September 30, 1867: Executive Documents, 40th Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 160, p. 11.

[83] See Statement of Tonnage of United States from 1789 to 1866, in Report of Secretary of Treasury for 1866: Executive Documents, 39th Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 4, pp. 355-6.

[84] Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the National Board of Trade, December, 1868, p. 186.

[85] Speech, May 13, 1864: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 3d Ser., Vol. CLXXV. col. 496.

[86] Greenleaf on the Law of Evidence, Part IV. § 256.

[87] Digest. Lib. XLVI. Tit. 8, cap. 13.

[88] Pothier on the Law of Obligations, tr. Evans, Part I. Ch. 2, Art. 3.

[89] Commentaries, Vol. III. p. 219.

[90] Tomlins, Law Dictionary, art. Nuisance, IV.

[91] Ovid, Metamorph. Lib. I. 185-6.

[92] Mr. Adams to Earl Russell, Nov. 20, 1862: Correspondence concerning Claims against Great Britain, Vol. III. pp. 70-73.

[93] Same to same: Ibid., pp. 180-2.

[94] Ibid., p. 562.

[95] Ibid., pp. 581-2.

[96] Ibid., p. 632; and General Appendix, No. XV., Vol. IV. pp. 422, seqq.

[97] Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Vol. VI. p. 150.

[98] Speech in the House of Commons, December 5, 1774: Hansard’s Parliamentary History, Vol. XVIII. col. 45.

[99] Speech, September 14, 1865: Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 305, seqq.

[100] North American Review for January, 1844, Vol. LVIII. p. 150.

[101] Report of the Special Commissioner of the Revenue for 1868: Executive Documents, 40th Cong. 3d Sess., H. of R., No. 16, p. 7.

[102] $300,000,000.—Act of June 3, 1864, Sec. 22: Statutes at Large, Vol.

[103] De l’Esprit des Lois, Liv. III. chs. 3, 6.

[104] Paradise Lost, Book I. 742-5.

[105] Sallust, Catilina, Cap. 12.

[106] 2 Henry IV., Act IV. Scene 2.

[107] Not a transcript of the famous epitaph on the tomb at Seville,—

but part of a Latin inscription, to the same effect, on a mural tablet in the Cathedral at Havana, the last resting-place of the remains of the great navigator:—

“Claris. heros Ligustin. Christophorus Colombus a se rei nautic. scient. insign. nov. orb. detect. atque Castell. et Legion. regib. subject.,” etc.—

Literally rendered, “The most illustrious Genoese hero, Christopher Columbus, by himself, through remarkable nautical science, a new world having been discovered and subjected to the kings of Castile and Leon,” etc.

See Masse, L’Isle de Cuba et La Havane, (Paris, 1825,) p. 201.

[108] Discours sur les ProgrÈs successifs de l’Esprit Humain: Œuvres, Éd. Daire, (Paris, 1844,) Tom. II. p. 602.

[109] Coxe, Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, Ch. LXXIII.

[110] Letter to Robert R. Livingston, December 14, 1782: Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution, ed. Sparks, Vol. VII. p. 4.

[111] Speech in Executive Session of the Senate on the Johnson-Clarendon Treaty, April 13, 1869: Ante, pp. 53, seqq.

[112] Journals of Congress, October 26, 1774; May 29, 1775; January 24, February 15, March 20, 1776. American Archives, 4th Ser., Vol. I. coll. 930-4; II. 1838-9; IV. 1653, 1672; V. 411-13, 1643-5.

[113] “I, fili mi, ut videas quantul sapienti regatur mundus.”—Oxenstiern, to his son, “as he was departing to assist at the congress of statesmen.” (Brougham, Speech in the House of Lords, January 18, 1838: Hansard, 3d Ser., Vol. XL. col. 207.) “The congress of statesmen” alluded to was that convened in 1648 for the negotiation of the Treaty of Westphalia, which terminated the Thirty Years’ War.—It may be remarked that other authorities represent the occasion of this famous saying to have been a letter from the young envoy to his father, while in attendance at the congress, expressing a sense of need of the most mature wisdom for a mission so important and difficult,—the old Chancellor replying in terms variously cited thus:—“Mi fili, parvo mundus regitur intellectu”;—“Nescis, mi fili, quantill prudenti homines regantur”;—“An nescis, mi fili, quantill prudenti regatur orbis?”—See Harte, History of Gustavus Adolphus, (London, 1807,) Vol. II. p. 142; Biographie Universelle, (Michaud, Paris, 1822,) art. Oxenstierna, Axel; Boiteau, Les Reines du Nord, in Le Magasin de Librairie, (Charpentier, Paris, 1858,) Tom. I. p. 436.

[114] Discorsi, Lib. I. capp. 2, 9.

[115] McPherson’s History of the United States during the Great Rebellion, p. 606.

[116] Manual of Political Ethics, (Boston, 1838,) Part I. p. 171.

[117] Plato, Protagoras, § 82, p. 343. Pliny, Nat. Hist., Lib. VII. cap. 32.

[118] “Eunt homines admirari alta montium, et ingentes fluctus maris, et latissimos lapsus fluminum, et Oceani ambitum, et gyros siderum, et relinquunt seipsos.”—Confessiones, Edit. Benedict., Lib. X. Cap. VIII. 15.

[119] Essays, John Bunyan, (New York, 1862,) Vol. VI. p. 132.

[120] EncyclopÆdia Britannica, (8th edit.,) Vol. VI. pp. 314-16, art. Caste, and the authorities there cited.

[121] Institutes of Hindoo Law, or the Ordinances of Menu, translated by Sir William Jones: Works, (London, 1807,) Vols. VII., VIII. Mill, British India, Book II. ch. 2; also, Art. Caste, EncyclopÆdia Britannica, (8th edit.,) Vol. VI. Robertson, Ancient India, Note LVIII. [Appendix, Note I.]. Dubois, People of India, Part III. ch. 6.

[122] Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, etc., (London, 1829,) Vol. III. p. 355.

[123] Mill, Art. Caste, EncyclopÆdia Britannica, (8th edit.,) Vol. VI. p. 319.

[124] Gurowski, Slavery in History, (New York, 1860,) p. 237.

[125] Genesis, i. 27-28.

[126] Acts, xvii. 26.

[127] Legend on the coat-of-arms beneath the portrait in Stoever’s Life of LinnÆus, (London, 1794,)—said to have originated with an eminent scientific friend of the great naturalist.—Preface, pp. xi-xii.

[128] Richard the Second, Act I. Scene 3.

[129] Nott and Gliddon, Types of Mankind, p. 169.

[130] The Races of Man, p. 306.

[131] Dissertation sur les VariÉtÉs Naturelles qui caractÉrisent la Physionomie des Hommes, tr. Jansen, (Paris, 1792,) Ch. III.

[132] For a notice of the principal writers and theories on the subject of Races, including those mentioned in the text, see the article on Ethnology, by Dr. Kneeland, in the “New American CyclopÆdia,” (1st edit.,) Vol. VII. pp. 306-11.

[133] In reference to the theory of many Homers instead of one, the German Voss used to say, “It would be a greater miracle, had there been many Homers, than it is that there was one.”

[134] Egypt’s Place in Universal History, (London, 1860,) Vol. IV. p. 480.

[135] Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, (London, 1838,) pp. 34, seqq.

[136] Letter to Mr. Lyell, February 20, 1836: Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, Appendix, Note I, p. 226.

[137] EncyclopÆdia Britannica, (8th edit.,) Vol. IX. p. 354,—art. Ethnology.

[138] Voyage de l’Astrolabe, Tom. II. pp. 627, 628.

[139] Histoire Naturelle, (2me Édit.,) Tom. III. pp. 529-30.

[140] Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, (Coblenz, 1840,) Band II. s. 773.

[141] Cosmos, tr. OttÉ, (London, 1848,) pp. 364-8.

[142] Merchant of Venice, Act III. Scene 1.

[143] Pope, Essay on Man, Ep. I. 112.

[144] Natural Provinces of the Animal World, and their Relation to the Different Types of Man: prefixed to Nott and Gliddon’s “Types of Mankind,” p. lxxv.

[145] Ueber die Kawi-Sprache auf der Insel Java, (Berlin, 1839,) Band III. s. 426.

[146] Cosmos, tr. OttÉ, Vol. I. pp. 368, 369.

[147] Plutarch, Symposiaca, Lib. VIII. QuÆst. 2: Moralia, ed. Wyttenbach, Tom. III. p. 961.

[148] Metaphysica, Lib. XIII. cap. 3, § 9: Opera, ed. Bekker, (Oxonii, 1837,) Tom. VIII. p. 277.

[149] Kritik der praktischen Vernunft, 2 Theil, Beschluss: SÄmmtliche Werke, herausg. von Hartenstein, (Leipzig, 1867,) Band V. s. 167.

[150] Isaiah, xiii. 12.

[151] CÆsar, De Bello Gallico, Lib. V. cap. 14; VI. 13, 16. Prichard, Physical History of Mankind, (London, 1841,) Vol. III. pp. 179, 187.

[152] History of England, (London, 1849,) Vol. I. p. 4.

[153] Physical History of Mankind, Vol. III. p. 182.

[154] Geographica, Lib. IV. cap. 5, § 2, p. 200. Prichard, Physical History of Mankind, Vol. III. pp. 196-7.

[155] Herodian, Hist., Lib. III. cap. 14, § 13. Dion Cassius, Hist. Rom., Lib. LXXVI. cap. 12. Prichard, Vol. III. pp. 155-6.

[156] For details, see Prichard, Vol. III. pp. 137-8, and the authorities there cited.

[157] De Bello Gallico, Lib. V. cap. 14.

[158] Diodorus Siculus, Biblioth. Histor., Lib. V. cap. 31, p. 213. EncyclopÆdia Britannica, (8th edit.,) Vol. V. p. 375, art. Britain.

[159] Procopius, De Bello Gothico, Lib. IV. cap. 20, p. 623, D. Macaulay, History of England, Vol. I. p. 5.

[160] Macaulay, Ibid.

[161] Ibid., p. 4.

[162] Henry, History of Great Britain, (London, 1805,) Vol. IV. pp. 237, 239.

[163] Leges Regis Edwardi Confessoris, xxv. De Judeis: Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, ed. Thorpe, Vol. I. p. 453. Milman, History of the Jews, (London, 1863,) Vol. III. pp. 238, 249.

[164] Pii Secundi Commentarii Rerum Memorabilium quÆ Temporibus suis contigerunt, (RomÆ, 1584,) pp. 6-7.

[165] Erasmus Rot. Francisco, Cardinalis Eboracensis Medico [A. D. 1515],—Epist. 432, App.: Opera, (Lugd. Batav., 1703,) Tom. III. col. 1815. Jortin’s Life of Erasmus, (London, 1808,) Vol. I. p. 69; III. p. 44.

[166] L’Ancien RÉgime et la RÉvolution, (7me Édit., Paris, 1866,) p. 269.

[167] De Bello Gallico, Lib. V. cap. 14.

[168] Ritter, Erdkunde, (Berlin, 1832,) Theil II. ss. 22-25. Guyot, The Earth and Man, (Boston, 1850,) pp. 44-47.

[169] Cosmos, tr. OttÉ, Vol. I. p. 368.

[170]

[171] MÉtral, Histoire de l’ExpÉdition des FranÇais À Saint-Domingue, sous le Consulat de NapolÉon Bonaparte; suivie des MÉmoires et Notes d’Isaac Louverture sur la mÊme ExpÉdition, et sur la Vie de son PÈre. Paris, 1825.

[172] Nell, Services of Colored Americans in the Wars of 1776 and 1812, pp. 23-24.

[173] Dumont, MÉmoires Historiques sur la Louisiane, (Paris, 1753,) Tom. II. pp. 244-6. Mercier, Mon Bonnet de Nuit, art. Morale, (Amsterdam, 1784,) Tom. II. p. 226.

[174] Copy of a Letter from Benjamin Banneker to the Secretary of State, with his Answer, (Philadelphia, 1792,) p. 6.

[175] Chapitres VII., VIII.

[176] Catherine Ferguson: Lossing’s Eminent Americans, p. 404.

[177] Mungo Park, Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa, (London, 1816,) Vol. I. pp. 45, 257. GrÉgoire, De la LittÉrature des NÈgres, (Paris, 1808,) p. 118.

[178] Joannes Leo Africanus, AfricÆ Descriptio, (Lugd. Batav., Elzevir, 1632,) Lib. VII. p. 646.

[179] Serm. XXV., De Nigredine et Formositate SponsÆ, id est EcclesiÆ: Opera, Edit. Benedict., (Paris, 1839,) Tom. I. col. 2814.

[180] Isaiah, xi. 9, lxvi. 18.

[181] Matthew, xiii. 33.

[182] 1 Corinthians, v. 6; Galatians, v. 9.

[183] Matthew, xiii. 12.

[184] Senate Reports, No. 29, 41st Cong. 2d Sess.

[185] Congressional Globe, 33d Cong. 1st Sess., Appendix, pp. 321, 323: Debate on the Nebraska and Kansas Bill, March 3, 1854.

[186] Gazette of the United States, Philadelphia, December 31, 1791. From an article entitled “Sketches of Boston and its Inhabitants,” purporting to be “extracted from a series of letters published in a late Nova Scotia paper.”

[187] Paradise Lost, Book X. 958-61.

[188] Act of April 20, 1818, Sec. 3: Statutes at Large, Vol. III. p. 448.

[189] Annals of Congress, 15th Cong. 1st Sess., col. 519.

[190] The case of the Hornet, as stated by Mr. Carpenter, was as follows:—“The Hornet was purchased in this country by Cubans, was taken into the open sea outside of the United States, and there armed and manned to cruise against Spain, and started on her way toward the waters of Cuba with arms and supplies for the revolutionists. Owing to the poor quality of her coal, she was unable to pursue her voyage, and put into a port of the United States, when she was libelled by the United States, upon the ground that she was intended for the ‘service of the people of a certain colony of the kingdom of Spain, to wit, the island of Cuba,’ etc. All of which is charged to be against the third section of the Neutrality Law.”—Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., p. 144.

[191] Act of April 10, 1869, Sec. 7: Statutes at Large, Vol. XVI. p. 41.

[192] Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV. p. 428.

[193] “’Tis out of time to set it forth in the Declaration; but it should have come in the Replication. ’Tis like leaping (as Hale, Chief-Justice, said) before one come to the stile.”—Sir Ralph Bovy’s Case: 1 Ventris, R., 217.

[194] Act to provide for the more efficient Government of the Rebel States, March 2, 1867, Preamble and Section 6: Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV. pp. 428, 429.

[195] Letter to Adjutant-General Townsend, July 10, 1869: Papers relating to the Test Oath: House Miscellaneous Documents, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., No. 8, p. 28. See also Letters of June 16 and 26, 1869, to R. T. Daniel and B. W. Gillis, respectively: Ibid., pp. 24, 15.

[196] Statutes at Large, Vol. XV. pp. 14-16.

[197] Section 6.

[198] Statutes at Large, Vol. XII. pp. 502-3.

[199] Ibid., Vol. XV. p. 344.

[200] Act of July 19, 1867, Sec. 11: Statutes at Large, Vol. XV. p. 16.

[201] For some previous remarks relative to the Reconstruction Act of 1867, see article entitled “Personal Record on Reconstruction with Colored Suffrage,” post, pp. 304-7.

[202] See, ante, pp. 184-5.

[203] “C’est magnifique, mais ce n’est pas la guerre.”—General Bosquet to Mr. Layard: Kinglake, Invasion of the Crimea, (Edinburgh, 1868) Vol. IV. p. 369, note.

[204] Annual Message, December 1, 1862.

[205] Report of Special Commissioner of Revenue, December, 1869: Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 27, p. XIII.

[206] Statistics of the United States in 1860, Eighth Census, Miscellaneous, pp. 294, 295.

[207] Report of Special Commissioner of Revenue, December, 1869: Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 27, p. VI.

[208] Ibid.

[209] Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 2, pp. XIII-XVIII.

[210] Statement of the Public Debt, January 1, 1870.—Purchases of bonds in excess of the sum required for the sinking fund first appear in the Statement of August 1, 1869, and as then amounting, with the accrued interest, to $15,110,590; thence to January 1, 1870, the monthly average, including interest, was a little short of $10,000,000.

[211] Act of March 3, 1864: Statutes at Large, Vol. XIII. p. 13.

[212] Act of February 25, 1863: Statutes at Large, Vol. XII. pp. 665-82.

[213] Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, December 9, 1861: Executive Documents, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., Senate, No. 2.

[214] Acts of March 3, 1863, § 2, and June 30, 1864, § 2: Statutes at Large, Vols. XII. p. 710, XIII. p. 218.

[215] Statutes at Large, Vol. XIII. p. 219.

[216] Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, December 6, 1869: Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 2, p. XXVII.

[217] Ibid., p. XVIII.

[218] Speech, January 12, 1870: Ante, pp. 238, seqq.

[219] Ante, p. 256.

[220] Speech, January 17, 1870: Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., p. 817.

[221] January 22, 1870.

[222] Monthly Reports on the Commerce and Navigation of the United States for the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1870, p. 200.

[223] Speech, February 1, 1870: Ante, p. 277.

[224] “That Congress reserves the right, at any time, to amend, alter, or repeal this Act.”—Act to provide a National Currency, &c., February 25, 1863, Sec. 65: Statutes at Large, Vol. XII. pp. 665-82.

[225] Letter to Lieutenant-Colonel John Laurens, February 18, 1782: Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. VIII. p. 241.

[226] Eulogy on Major-General Greene, before the Society of the Cincinnati, July 4, 1789: Works, ed. J. C. Hamilton, Vol. II. pp. 480-95.

[227] Life, by G. W. Greene, 3 vols. 8vo, New York, 1867-71.

[228] Ante, p. 231.

[229] Act to provide for the more efficient Government of the Rebel States, Section 5: Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV. pp. 428-9.

[230] Proviso in Amendment of Resolution recognizing the New State Government of Louisiana, February 25, 1865: No Reconstruction without the Votes of the Blacks: Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1099; Ante, Vol. XII. p. 185.

[231] Speech at the Republican State Convention in Worcester, Mass., September 14, 1865: The National Security and the National Faith: Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 327-8.

[232] Speech on a proposed Amendment of the Constitution, February 5 and 6, 1866: The Equal Rights of All: Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., pp. 673-87; Ante, Vol. XIII. pp. 115, seqq.

[233] The vote on its adoption was Yeas 32, Nays 3.—Senate Journal, 39th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 293.

[234] These supplementary amendments consisted of the Proviso at the end of Section 5, together with Section 6, of the Act as finally passed: Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV. pp. 428-9.

[235] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1645; Senate Journal, p. 320.

[236] Congressional Globe, p. 1976; Senate Journal, p. 424.

[237] See further, concerning the matters here referred to, Mr. Sumner’s speeches in the debates on this bill, with the accompanying notes: Ante, Vol. XI. pp. 102, seqq.

[238] Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1177.

[239] Debate on the Census Bill: Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., pp. 1143, seqq.

[240] Debate, February 3d, on the Neutrality Laws: Ibid., pp. 1001, seqq.

[241] Ante, pp. 304-6.

[242] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., pp. 736-7. Ante, Vol. VIII. pp. 163-7.

[243] Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 523. Ante, Vol. X. pp. 295-9.

[244] Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 521.

[245] Ibid., p. 522.

[246] Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1091. Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 197-200.

[247] Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1099. Ante, Vol. XII. p. 185.

[248] Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1129. Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 190-1.

[249] See Address at the Music Hall, Boston, October 2, 1866, entitled “The One Man Power vs. Congress”: Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 200.

[250] Ibid., p. 21.

[251] Address at the Music Hall: The One Man Power vs. Congress: Ante, Vol. XIV. pp. 201-2.

[252] For both letter and reply, see, ante, Vol. XII. pp. 231-2.

[253] Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 292-3.

[254] Ante, Vol. XII. p. 299.

[255] Speech in the Legislative Assembly, May 21, 1850: Moniteur, May 22, 1850, p. 1761.

[256] Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 327-8.

[257] The Independent, November 2, 1865. Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 368-9.

[258] The One Man Power vs. Congress: Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 204.

[259] Atlantic Monthly, Vol. XVI. p. 760. Ante, Vol. XII. p. 410.

[260] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 2. Ante, Vol. XIII. p. 14.

[261] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 2. Ante, Vol. XIII. p. 21.

[262] Ante, Vol. XIII. p. 23.

[263] Ante, Vol. XIII. pp. 25-26.

[264] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 2. Ante, Vol. XIII. p. 16.

[265] Ante, Vol. XIII. p. 17.

[266] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 2. Ante, Vol. XIII. pp. 33, 34.

[267] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., pp. 685, 687. Ante, Vol. XIII. pp. 219, 236-7.

[268] Fuller, Holy State: The Good Sea-Captain.

[269] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., pp. 1231-2. Ante, Vol. XIII. pp. 334-5, 337.

[270] Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 15. Ante, Vol. XIV. pp. 224-5.