[29] “Washington, dans la guerre de l’AmÉrique, inventa l’expression et la chose.”—KlÜber, Droit des Gens Moderne de l’Europe, (Paris, 1831,) Tom. II. p. 33, sec. 251, note.
[58] Count Portalis, at the installation of the Council of Prizes in 1800: Cussy, Phases et Causes CÉlÈbres du Droit Maritime des Nations, Tom. I. pp. 179, 206, 264. Montesquieu had previously enunciated the same principle, with a limitation: L’Esprit des Lois, Liv. I. ch. 3.
[59] “Impius et crudelis judicandus est, qui libertati non favet.”—Fortescue, De Laudibus Legum AngliÆ, Cap. XLII.
[61] This prophecy, like so many others with regard to Slavery, has failed, as appears from a Comparative Statement of the Cotton Crops of the United States for the three years last preceding the War (which years had the largest crops ever produced), and for the three years last past, prepared by Mr. B. F. Nourse, of Boston, December, 1871.
Year, or Cotton Season.
Crop Produced.
Aggregate Value at Ports in Gold.
Bales.
Pounds Gross.
1858-59
4,019,000
1,876,800,000
$164,225,000
1859-60
4,861,000
2,343,000,000
207,190,000
1860-61
3,849,000
1,886,240,000
170,000,000
———————
Gold value, three years
$541,415,000
———————
1868-69
2,367,000
1,103,957,000
$201,835,000
1869-70
3,123,000
1,441,057,000
242,195,000
1870-71
4,352,000
2,021,651,000
236,770,000
———————
Gold value, three years
$680,800,000
———————
[62] Debates in the Federal Convention, August 22, 1787: Madison Papers, Vol. III. p. 1396.
[64] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 2403.
[65] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 2402.
[66] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 2403.
[67] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 2404.
[68] Notes on Virginia, Query XVIII.: Writings, Vol. VIII. p. 403.
[69] Debates in the Federal Convention, August 22, 1787: Madison Papers, Vol. III. p. 1391.
[70] These lines, with a slight alteration, are from a parody, “On the Discoveries of Captain Lewis,” which appeared anonymously in the Monthly Anthology for March, 1807, but attributed to John Quincy Adams.—Duyckinck, CyclopÆdia of American Literature, Vol. I. p. 395.
[71] Notes on Virginia, Query XVIII.: Writings, Vol. VIII. p. 404.
[72] Elphinstone v. Bedreechund, 1 Knapp’s Privy Council Rep., 320. See, ante, p. 51.
[79] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., July 1, 1862, p. 3035. Mr. Hale quotes from memory. The passage in the original, entitled “A Parable against Persecution,” is as follows: “And God said, Have I borne with him these hundred ninety and eight years, and nourished him, and clothed him, notwithstanding his rebellion against me, and couldst not thou, that art thyself a sinner, bear with him one night?”—Franklin’s Works, ed. Sparks, Vol. II. p. 122.
[80] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., July 1, 1862, p. 3038.
[89] Letter to the Secretary of State, August 22, 1815: American State Papers, Foreign Relations, Vol. IV. p. 117.
[90] Quoting it in reply to “the authority that has been rung in our ears by the Senator of Massachusetts,” Mr. Powell, of Kentucky, said: “This was the utterance of Mr. Adams, before he was fired with that fanatical zeal, before he had that disease of negrophobia, that for a time dethroned his mighty intellect on that subject.”—Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., July 15, 1862, p. 3349.
[91] Congressional Globe, 27th Cong. 2d Sess., April 14, 1842, p. 424.
[92] The important passages introduced here will be found in an earlier speech, “Emancipation our Best Weapon,” ante, Vol. VI. pp. 21-23.
[107] At this Convention Mr. Sumner was nominated for reËlection as Senator. See, post, pp. 240, 241.
[108] United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XII., Appendix, p. 1267.
[109] The pen with which the President signed the final proclamation was given by him to George Livermore, author of the “Historical Research respecting the Opinions of the Founders of the Republic on Negroes as Slaves, as Citizens, and as Soldiers.”
[110] Joint Resolution on the Subject of Retaliation, May 1, 1863: Public Laws of the Confederate States of America, 1st Cong. 3d Sess., (Richmond, 1863,) p. 167.
[112] In the delivery of the speech Mr. Sumner was interrupted here by an inquiry from the audience: “What about that vacant chair?” Cries answered: “Put him out!” The Voice: “He challenges inquiry. I ask him, What about the vacant chair?” Repeated cries: “Put him out!” Mr. Sumner: “Let him stay. The gentleman asks about the vacant chair. I refer him to the history of my country for answer.” [Tremendous applause.]
[113] Here the same voice that had already interrupted said: “Without reservation?” Mr. Sumner replied: “Yes, without reservation.”
[114] Speech at Bristol, previous to the Election, 1780: Works (London, 1801), Vol. IV. pp. 72, 73.
[118] Letter to Doctor Gordon, July 16, 1788: Writings, Vol. II. pp. 426, 427.
[119] November 7, 1775: American Archives, Fourth Series, Vol. III. col. 1385.
[120] November 27, 1775: Ibid., Vol. IV. col. 202.
[121] Letter to the Secretary of State, March 30, 1776: Ibid., Fifth Series, Vol. II. col. 160.
[122] Letter to Joseph Reed, December 15, 1775: Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed, Vol. I. p. 135.
[123] John Adams, Notes of Debates in the Continental Congress, October 6, 1775: Works, Vol. II. p. 458.
[124] An Historical Research, by George Livermore, p. 187.
[125] Proclamation, dated at Bermuda, April 2, 1814. An Exposition of the Causes and Character of the Late War, by A. J. Dallas, (Philadelphia, 1815,) p. 70. Life and Writings of A. J. Dallas, by his Son, G. M. Dallas, Appendix, No. 5, p. 356.
[126] Report of Quartermaster-General, November 15, 1841: Senate Documents, 27th Cong. 2d Sess., No. 1, p. 110.
[128] Secret Journals, Vol. I. p. 108. Ante, Vol. III. p. 403.
[129] Speech in the House of Representatives of the United States, December 10, 1811: Hildreth’s History of the United States, Vol. VI. p. 269; Annals of Congress, 12th Cong. 1st Sess., col. 451.
[130] Speech in the House of Lords, on the Immediate Emancipation of the Negro Apprentices, February 20, 1838: Works, Vol. X. p. 274.
[131] Inferno, Canto XXIII. 118-120, tr. Brooksbank.
[132] What was called “The People’s Convention” was to meet the next day in Faneuil Hall. See, post, Appendix p. 241.
