[5] Enquiries to the Governor of Virginia by the Lords Commissioners of Foreign Plantations, with the Governor’s Answers: Hening, Statutes at Large of Virginia, Vol. II. p. 517.
[6] Oldmixon, British Empire in America, 2d ed., Vol. I. p. 195.
[7] 4 Mass. R., 128, note; 16 Mass. R., 75; 10 Cushing, R., 410; 14 Allen, R., 562. See, ante, Vol. III. p. 384.
[8] New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. VI. p. 156.
[9] A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre in Boston, perpetrated in the Evening of the Fifth Day of March, 1770, by Soldiers of the XXIXth Regiment, to which is added an Appendix containing the several Depositions, etc., (Boston, 1770,) App., p. 56. Trial of William Wemms and others, Soldiers in his Majesty’s 29th Regiment of Foot, for the Murder of Crispus Attucks and others, (Boston, 1770,) pp. 110, 111.
[10] Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay, Vol. III. p. 268, May 27, 1652.
[11] Records of the Colony of New Plymouth, Vol. VIII. p. 187, August, 1643.
For most of the foregoing particulars, see also Palfrey’s History of New England, Vol. II. p. 30, note.
[12] Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay, Vol. III. p. 84, November 4, 1646.
[13] Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc., 2d Ser., Vol. VIII. p. 184.
[38] Debates in the Federal Convention, August 25, 1787: Madison Papers, Vol. III. pp. 1429, 1430.
[39] In opening his lecture, Mr. Sumner, according to the newspaper reports, alluded to the new hall in which he spoke, called after the founder of Providence, as follows.—“In the honored name assumed for this most beautiful and spacious hall, you pledge yourselves that here Toleration shall prevail, and Liberty be a constant word. It was the gratulation of the Roman historian in the days of the good Emperors, that he could think what he pleased and speak what he thought. Should this privilege ever fail in your new hall, or anywhere within its influence, then must you forget the great example consecrated in the name of Roger Williams. With this privilege securely established, you may proudly point to a higher token of civilization than a column of the Roman Forum or a frieze of the Parthenon.”
[40] “Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia.”—Juvenal, Sat. X. 365.
[41] Life of Washington, Appendix, pp. 510, 511: Writings, Vol. I., Appendix, pp. 552, 553.
[53] Langhorne, The Country Justice, Part I. 161-164. See also Lockhart’s Life of Scott, Vol. I. ch. 5.
[54] Grahame, History of the United States, Book XI. ch. 5. Writings of Washington, ed. Sparks, Vol. V., Appendix, No. 1. MÉmoires, Correspondance et Manuscrits du GÉnÉral Lafayette, publiÉs par sa Famille, Tom. I. pp. 9, 10, note.
[55] Letter to J. Holroyd, Esq.: Miscellaneous Works, ed. Lord Sheffield, (London, 1814,) Vol. II. p. 197.
[56] Lettre au Duc d’Ayen, 9 Mars, 1777: MÉmoires, Tom. I. p. 83.
[65] MÉmoires, Tom. I. pp. 240-243. Washington’s Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. VI., Appendix, pp. 503, 504.
[66] MÉmoires, Tom. I. pp. 61, 62. According to his Memoirs, the Madeira wine of Boston completed his restoration. “MalgrÉ sa faiblesse extrÊme, M. de Lafayette, accompagnÉ du docteur, alla sur ses chevaux À Boston, oÙ le vin de MadÈre acheva de le rÉtablir.” Ibid., p. 63.
[72] Rives’s Life and Times of James Madison, Vol. I. p. 294, note.
[73] Letter to Judge Pendleton, November 13, 1781: Ibid., p. 289, note.
[74] Rives’s Life and Times of James Madison, Vol. I. pp. 289, 290, note.
[75] Ibid. An American citizen, who, after enjoying the honors of the nation as Senator and as Minister to France, could become a Proslavery Rebel, was incompetent to sit in judgment on Lafayette. In declaring “the comparative nullity” of his career at home, “contrasted with the unquestionable splendor of his American services and deeds,” he writes as a Slave-Master, whose standard of merit excludes what is done for Liberty and Equality.
[78] Correspondence of the American Revolution: Letters to Washington, ed. Sparks, Vol. III. p. 547. MÉmoires, Tom. II. p. 58.
[79] Letter to Alexander Hamilton, Boston, October 22, 1784: Hamilton’s Works, edited by his Son, Vol. I. p. 422.
[80] MÉmoires, Tom. II. p. 8. Madison, writing to Jefferson, under date of October 17, 1784, says: “The time I have lately passed with the Marquis has given me a pretty thorough insight into his character. With great natural frankness of temper he unites much address and very considerable talents. In his politics, he says his three hobby-horses are the alliance between France and the United States, the union of the latter, and the manumission of the slaves.” (Madison’s Letters and other Writings, Vol. I. p. 106.) Call these hobby-horses! They were three practical policies, having their foundation in everlasting principles. How many of our own statesmen saw as wisely?
[81] Journal of Congress, Vol. X. p. 20: December 13, 1784. MÉmoires, Tom. II. p. 106.
[82] Letter of December 21, 1784: Correspondence of the Revolution, ed. Sparks, Vol. IV. pp. 87, 89; MÉmoires, Tom. II. pp. 111, 113.
[83] Letter to Washington, October 26, 1786: Correspondence of the Revolution, ed. Sparks, Vol. IV. p. 144; MÉmoires, Tom. II. p. 157.
[100] MÉmoires, Tom. III. p. 412; Tom. IV. p. 229.
[101] Lettre À Madame d’HÉnin, Magdebourg, 13 Mars, 1793: MÉmoires, Tom. IV. p. 224; Sparks’s Life of Gouverneur Morris, Vol. I. p. 410; Washington’s Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 163, note.
[103] Speech of Gen. Fitzpatrick in the House of Commons, December 16, 1796: Hansard’s Parliamentary History, Vol. XXXII. col. 1353.
[104] “M. de la Fayette est de ces hommes que nous devons aimer, et lors de sa captivitÉ je me prÉsentai À l’Empereur pour rÉclamer sa libertÉ, que je n’ai pas eu le bonheur d’obtenir.” This is the report, by Joseph Bonaparte, of the conversation of Lord Cornwallis at the dinner-table of the former, in 1802.—MÉmoires du Roi Joseph, Tom. I. pp. 86, 87.
[105] In this effort Washington responded to the appeal of Madame de Lafayette by letter to himself. “In this abyss of misery,” she wrote, “the idea of owing to the United States and to Washington the life and liberty of M. de Lafayette kindles a ray of hope in my heart. I hope everything from the goodness of the people with whom he has set an example of that Liberty of which he is now made the victim.”—Letter of October 8, 1792: Washington’s Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. X. p. 316, note.
[106] Exhibiting this chivalrous incident, Mr. Sumner had in mind our fugitive slaves and the generous souls who did not shrink from helping them.
[107] Letter to the Marchioness de Lafayette, January 31, 1793: Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. X. p. 315.
[108] Letter dated Lemkuhlen, 27 Janvier, 1798: MÉmoires, Tom. IV. p. 403.
[116] Speech in the Chamber of Deputies, June 4, 1819: MÉmoires, Tom. VI. pp. 50, 51.
[117] Speech in the Chamber of Deputies, May 27, 1820: Ibid., p. 83.
[118] Speech in the Chamber of Deputies, July 9, 1829: MÉmoires, Tom. VI. p. 313. Biographie Universelle (Michaud), SupplÉment, Tom. LXIX. p. 388, art. Lafayette.
[119] MÉmoires, Tom. VI. pp. 185, 220. There is also a correspondence with Colonel Seaton, of the National Intelligencer, on this interesting subject. A letter to the latter, dated January 1, 1827, has seen the light since this address, where, alluding to the District of Columbia, Lafayette says: “The state of Slavery, especially in that emporium of foreign visitors and European ministers, is a most lamentable drawback on the example of independence and freedom presented to the world by the United States.”—William Winston Seaton, a Biographical Sketch, p. 267.
[120] Mrs. Jameson’s Sacred and Legendary Art, pp. 424-427.
[121] Ordre du Jour du 29 Juillet, 1830: MÉmoires, Tom. VI. p. 391.
[122] Ordre du Jour du 19 DÉcembre, 1830: MÉmoires, Tom. VI. p. 491.
[123] Lettre À Thomas Clarkson, 11 Mai, 1823: Ibid., p. 159.
[126] Lettre À M. Murray, PrÉsident de la SociÉtÉ d’Émancipation des Noirs, À Glasgow, 1 Mai, 1834: MÉmoires, Tom. VI. p. 763, note.
[127] Funeral Oration over the first who fell in the Peloponnesian War: Thucydides, Hist., Book II. c. 43.
[128] Tickell, On the Death of Mr. Addison, 43-46. Latterly these verses have been inscribed on the pavement of Westminster Abbey, over the resting-place of the author by whom they were originally inspired.
[129] McPherson’s Political History of the United States during the Great Rebellion, p. 72.
[130] This testimony was an evident surprise at the time. The venerable F. P. Blair, of Silver Spring, heard it from the gallery of the Senate, and expressed himself most confidently with regard to its importance and probable influence. But the plot had gone too far. Shortly afterwards the autograph letter was destroyed by the person to whom it was addressed, but not until after it had been photographed in Boston.
[131] These two were in the series of January 3, 1861, and according to Mr. Crittenden were “proposed by the honorable Senator from Illinois” (Mr. Douglas), although nothing in the Congressional Globe shows that the propositions of Mr. Douglas offered to the Committee of Thirteen (ante, p. 433) were ever before proposed in the Senate. Whatever their origin, they were adopted by Mr. Crittenden, and became part of his Compromise. Of the original copies printed for the Senate only a single copy containing the important additions remains on the files. The propositions in their first form are in the Globe, under date of December 18, 1860, p. 114, also in McPherson’s Political History of the Rebellion, pp. 64, 65. They do not appear in the Globe on reintroduction with additions, January 3, 1861, p. 237, but the first addition is found at a later date, March 2, 1861, p. 1368, when they were voted on. Nor do the additions appear in McPherson’s History. It is proper that the disfranchisement of the colored race, where already voters, should not be forgotten as one of the terms of this sacrifice.
[132] Congressional Globe, 36th Cong. 2d Sess., pp. 1338-1340, March 2, 1861.
[140] Mr. Tappan died March 25, 1871, in the ninetieth year of his age.
[141] Speech of Hon. Jesse D. Bright, December 13, 1852: Congressional Globe, 32d Cong. 2d Sess., p. 40.
[142] A telegraphic despatch in the Philadelphia Inquirer records the feeling. “Senator Sumner, who is now stopping at Barnum’s Hotel, causes much excitement. There is great indignation felt among all parties at his presence among us.”
[143] The lady at whose house Mr. Sumner took tea was warned to leave without delay, unless she was willing to brave the vengeance of the mob; and she left.
[144] Schouler’s History of Massachusetts in the Civil War, p. 97.
[145] Rebellion Record, Vol. I. Diary, pp. 34, 35.
[146] McPherson’s Political History of the United States, p. 382, note.
[147] Opinions of the Attorneys-General, Vol. X. p. 382.
[149] Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam I. c. 7. The orator here personifies his country, which speaks. More of the passage is applicable to Slavery: “Tu non solum ad negligendas leges ac quÆstiones, verum etiam ad evertendas perfringendasque valuisti. Superiora illa, quamquam ferenda non fuerunt, tamen, ut potui, tuli; nunc vero me totam esse in metu propter te unum.” In the same spirit, Niebuhr, the great German, says of Catiline: “He was so completely diabolical that I know of no one in history that can be compared with him, and you may rely upon it that the colors in which his character is described are not too dark.” (Lectures on the History of Rome, ed. Schmitz, London, 1849, Vol. III. p. 13.) All of which, whether by Cicero or Niebuhr, is true of Slavery.
[156] Giddings’s Exiles of Florida, pp. 326, 327. Opinions of Attorneys-General, Vol. IV. p. 722.
[157] Congressional Globe, 24th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 499; Congressional Debates, Vol. XII. Part 4, col. 4031: May 25, 1836.
[158] Congressional Globe, 24th Cong. 1st Sess., Appendix, p. 435; Congressional Debates, Vol. XII. Part 4, col. 4047: May 25, 1836.
[159] Congressional Globe, 27th Cong. 1st Sess., pp. 27, 38, June 7th and 9th, 1841. The speech of June 7th was long, but was never reported. Mr. Charles J. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, while declaring his devotion to his Southern brethren, and tendering his services, “even as a corporal or a private,” said that he heard this speech with “astonishment and horror.” (Ibid., pp. 38, 39.) The speech of June 9th is brief.
[160] Congressional Globe, 27th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 342, March 21, 1842.
[165] “Totidem esse hostes, quot servos.” A saying of Cato the elder. (Seneca, Epist. XLVII.). Archdeacon Paley, the lucid moralist, in a speech at Carlisle, February 9, 1792, on the Slave-Trade, announced, as “a principle inherent in every man, ‘that a slave watches his opportunity to get free.’” Works, (Boston and Newport, 1810-12,) Vol. V. p. 498.
[166] History, Book I. ch. 101; Book VII. ch. 27; Book VIII. ch. 40.
[172] Letter of Attorney-General Bates: McPherson’s Political History of the United States during the Great Rebellion, p. 235, note; also Appleton’s Annual CyclopÆdia, 1861, art. Slaves, p. 642. This letter is not found in the Opinions of the Attorneys-General.
[173] Rebellion Record, Vol. II., Documents, pp. 437, 438.
[174] Rebellion Record, Vol. II., Documents, p. 493.
[175] Appleton’s Annual CyclopÆdia, 1861, art. Slaves, p. 643. The Secretary spoke at a “clam-bake.”
[176] Rebellion Record, Vol. III., Documents, p. 36.
[178] Plutarch, Decem Oratorum VitÆ: Hyperides. See also Demosthenes, Contra Aristogitonem II. pp. 803, 804; Allgemeine EncyklopÄdie von Ersch und Gruber, art. Hyperides; Smith’s Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Vol. I. p. 985, art. Demosthenes.
[179] From a MS. note-book; but the reference is accidentally omitted.
[193] “Out of which materials he made up a legion.”—Decline of the Roman Republic, Vol. II. Chap. XVIII. p. 239.
[194] Mr. Charles C. Hazewell, in an elaborate article, brought his rare acuteness and reading in reply to the critics. Daily Evening Traveller, October 19, 1861.
[195] The New York Herald, in reproducing the letter, attributed it to Prince Napoleon. In like spirit, Maurice Sand, son of George Sand, who was in the suite of the Prince, in his Six Mille Lieues À toute Vapeur, in the Revue des Deux Mondes, 1862, Jan.-FÉv., p. 686.
[196] Lettres sur les États-Unis d’AmÉrique, par le Lieutenant-Colonel Ferri-Pisani, Aide-de-Camp de S. A. I. Prince NapolÉon, pp. 121, 122.
[197] Mr. Sumner insisted that the Union could be saved only through Freedom.
[198] Strictly true, during the delivery of the speech.
[199] L’AmÉrique devant l’Europe, pp. 262, 268, 440.
[200] Special Report of the Antislavery Conference in Paris, August 24 and 27, 1867, pp. 30, 31.
[202] Cicero, Oratio ad Quirites post Reditum, c. 8,—quoted in Private Letters of Junius to H. S. Woodfall, No. 59, March 5, 1772: Woodfall’s Junius, (London, 1812,) Vol. I. p. 253.
[203] An Historical Research respecting the Opinions of the Founders of the Republic on Negroes as Slaves, as Citizens, and as Soldiers: read before the Massachusetts Historical Society, August 14, 1862. Reprinted from Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1862-63.
[204] This introduction is taken from the pamphlet edition of the Oration.
[205] Of Reformation in England, Book II.: Prose Works, ed. Symmons, Vol. I. p. 45.
[207] The Debates in 1776 on the Declaration of Independence, etc., preserved by Thomas Jefferson: Madison Papers, Vol. I. p. 17; Jefferson’s Writings, Vol. I. p. 18.
[208] Bowen, Life of Benjamin Lincoln: Sparks’s American Biography, 2d Ser. Vol. XIII. p. 286.
[209] Debates in the Federal Convention, August 21, 22, 1787: Madison Papers, Vol. III. pp. 1389-1395.
[215] Hume, History of England, (London, 1786,) Chap. LV. Vol. VI. p. 493.
[216] Soame Jenyns, The American Coachman, st. 1,—a poem at the time of our Revolution, suggested by a pamphlet of Dean Tucker proposing to let the Colonies go.
[217] Whately, Bacon’s Essays, with Annotations, 3d edit. revised, p. 140, Essay XV.
[218] Charles James Fox, Letter to Lord Holland, 18th June, 1804.
[224] Ibid., 1118. Brissot to his Constituents, translated, (London, 1794,) p. 81.
[225] Brissot to his Constituents, translated, (London, 1794,) pp. 9, 34.
[226] The Causes and Conduct of the Civil War. Address before the Mercantile Library Association of Boston, October 16, 1861: Orations and Speeches, Vol. IV. p. 485.
[241] History of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade, (Philadelphia, 1808,) Vol. II. p. 460, note.
[242] Collins, Ode written in the beginning of the year 1746.
[243] Hon. David C. Broderick, Senator of the United States from California, killed in a duel by David S. Terry, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State, September 16, 1859.
