The Elements of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, vol. 1, parts 1 and 2. / With Special Consideration of the Application of the Laws of Equilibrium and of the Modern Theories of Solution.

INDEX

Julius Stieglitz

Numbers marked (†) refer to subjects illustrated by experiments, heavy numbers refer to tables.

Acetic acid, 98, 101†, 111–114†
Acid ions, systematic analysis for, 299 et seq.
- groups of, 301
Acids, 81, 82, 100, 104
Acid salts, 103
Alkali group, 158, 159
Alkaline earth group, 158, 162
Aluminate-ion, 172
Aluminium group, 158, 188 et seq., 195
Aluminium hydroxide, 171 et seq., 196
Aluminium-ion, 158, 172, 188 et seq.
Ammonia, complex ions of, 216 et seq., 224
- ionization of, 87
Ammonium hydroxide, conductivity of, 77
- dissociation of, 160
- ionization of, 78†, 114
- strength as base, 78†, 79†, 168†
Ammonium-ion, 161
Ammonium salts, dissociation of, 34†, 159
- effect on ammonium hydroxide, 168†
Amphoteric acids, group of, 302
Amphoteric hydroxides, 171 et seq., 187, 188, 196
Antimony, ions of, 174
Argenticyanide-ion, 225
Arrhenius's theory of ionization, see Ionization
Arsenic acid, 247, 250, 283
Arsenic group, 158, 210, 242 et seq.
Arsenic, ions of, 158, 174, 242 et seq.
Arsenic pentasulphide, 247
Arsenious sulphide, colloidal, 125†
Association, 19, 64
Aurocyanide-ion, 232
Avogadro's hypothesis, 33, 34
Avogadro-van't Hoff Hypothesis, 15, 37
Azolitmin, 79
Barium carbonate, as reagent, 193
Barium-ion, 162
Bases, 79†, 81, 105, 106
Basic salts, 106, 194
Bismuth-ion, 158
Boiling-point, 17, 36, 38
Borates, hydrolysis of, 90†
Bromine, 252†
Cadmium-ion, 158
- complex ions of, 224, 228†
- sulphide, 209† et seq.
Calcium-ion, 162
Carbonate group, 302
Carbonic acid, 90, 100
Chemical activity of ions, 72†, 78†, 87†, 232
- of acids, 81, 82, 105†
- of bases, 79†, 81
- of molecules, 74, 83, 232
- of salts, 74†, 107, 116†
Chemical equilibrium, 90 et seq., 96†
- and direction of action, 112
- and path of action, 235
- and physical equilibrium, 139 et seq.
- of electrolytes, 98, 111–115†
Chemical equilibrium, law of, 91, 94
- and ionization of strong electrolytes, 108
- factors of, 95† et seq.
- limitations to, 95
Chemometer, 253
Chloride group, 302
Chloride-ion, oxidation of, 275, 276†
Chlorine, 46, 252†, 275
Chromium-ion, 158, 188 et seq.
Chromic acid, 287
Cobalt-ion, 158, 192
Cobalticyanide-ion, 229
Cobalt sulphide, 192
Colloidal condition, 125† et seq.
- definition of, 130
- relations to analysis, 131, 136†
- solution theory of, 128
- suspension theory of, 129
Colloids, electric charges on, 131†
- precipitation of, 133†
- protective action of, 136, 137†
Complex ions, 88, 216 et seq.
- applications in analysis, 220†, 230†
- of acid ions, 305
- of ammonia, 216† et seq.
- of cyanide-ion, 225† et seq.
- of halide ions, 237
- of oxide-ion, 238
- of sulphide-ion, 238, 246
- organic, 238†
Concentration, definition of, 91
Conductivity, 44†, 46, 47†, 49, 51, 56
- partial, see Mobilities
Copper, equilibrium with cupric-ion, 258, 264†
- oxidation of, 257† et seq.
- solution-tension of, 259†
Copper group, 158, 199 et seq., 210, 216 et seq.
Cupric-ion, complex ions of, 224†
- equilibrium with copper, 258, 264†
- reduction of, 257†
- sulphide, 212
Cuprous-ion, complex ions of, 228†
Cyanide-ion, complex ions of, 88†, 225† et seq., 232
Dialysis, 128
Dielectric constants, 62, 63
Diffusion, of gases, 29†
- of ions, 59†
- of solutes, 9†
Dissociation of complex ions, 219†
- electrolytic, see Ionization
- gaseous, 34†, 36, 96†
Dry salts, 74†
Electrolysis, 46, 58
Electrolytes, see Ionogens
Electron theory, 42
Equilibrium, see also Chemical equilibrium and Physical equilibrium constants, 95, 98, 233, 236, 298
- oxidation and reduction, 258, 265 et seq., 267†, 273 et seq.
Faraday's law, 58
Ferric hydroxide, 127†, 170†
Ferric-ion, 88†, 251†, 252†, 269†
Ferricyanide-ion, 88†, 230†
Ferrocyanide-ion, 88†, 230†
Ferrous-ion, 88†, 251†, 252†, 269†
Formaldehyde, 289† et seq.
Fractional oxidation, 305, 306
Fractional precipitation, 163, 165†, 303
Fractional solution, 304
Freezing-point, 17, 36, 38
Fused salts, 75†
Gold, 158, 242 et seq.
- colloidal, 126†
- see also Aurocyanide-ion
Groups of metal ions, 157
Groups of acid ions, 301
Heat, 75, 76†
Heterogeneous equilibrium, see Physical equilibrium
Hydrogen, oxidation of, 277, 278, 280†
Hydrogen chloride, 34, 37, 42, 72†, 73, 84
Hydrogen-ion, action on indicators, 79, 105†
- chemical activity, 72–74†, 81, 82, 278 et seq.
- concentration for precipitation by H₂S, 213
- mobility, 54†, 56
Hydrogen sulphide, ionization of, 199, 245
- oxidation of, 251†, 254†
- precipitation by, 90†, 199† et seq., 203†
Hydrol, 175
Hydrolysis of salts, 127, 178† et seq., 190†
Hydroxide-ion, action on indicators, 78†, 79
- chemical activity, 79, 81, 168†
- mobility, 54†, 56
Indicators, 79, 165, 214
Instability constants, 219, 224, 226
Iodide-ion, 88†, 272†, 305
Iodine, 273, 305
Ionization and chemical activity, 69, 72†, 79†, 90† et seq., 116†, 232
- and conductivity, 44†, 77†, 115†
- and dielectric constants, 62–64
- and electron theory, 42
- and Faraday's law, 58
- and osmotic pressure, 67
- and solvents, 61
- constants, 98, 100, 104, 106, 108
- degree of, 50
- exceptional, of certain salts, 115†
- in stages, 100, 102†
- of acids, 69, 98, 100, 81, 106, 173
- Sodium-ion, 158, 161
- Solubility, 121, 123, 146, 147, 153, 155
- Solubility-product principle, 141 et seq.
  - applications of, 145†, 147, 149, 151
  - derivation of, 139 et seq.
- Solution, theories of, 8, 32
- Solution of electrolytes, 151
- Solutions, concentrated, 15, 32, 142
  - dilute, see Osmotic pressure
  - non-aqueous, 62, 73†, 84
  - supersaturated, 121†
- Solution-tension, electrolytic, 258 et seq.
  - constants, 259, 266, 294, 295
- Solvents and ionization, 61, 64
  - and solubility of electrolytes, 154, 155
- Strength of acids, 104
- Strength of bases, 78†, 106
- Strontium-ion, 158, 162
- Sulphate group, 302
- Sulphide-ion, complex ions of, 238, 246
  - concentration of, 202
  - oxidation of, 251†, 254†
- Sulphides, precipitation of, 199†, 203† et seq.
  - solubilities of, 203 et seq., 212
- Sulpho-acids, 244 et seq.
- Sulpho-bases, 244† et seq.
- Sulpho-salts, 243 et seq.
- Sulphuric acid, ionization of, 103†
- Supersaturation, 121†
- Systematic analysis, of metal ions, 157 et seq.
  - of acid ions, 299 et seq.
- Tartaric acid, complex ions of, 238†
- Tin, ions of, 158, 174, 242 et seq.
- Unsaturated compounds, 64
- Uranyl salts, 286
- Valence, Looks like This. The transcriber created the cover image, and hereby releases it to the public domain.
  This book uses many uncommon Unicode characters, and careful selection of the ebook reader software and font used to view it is necessary. Some of the uncommon characters not already mentioned are: U+2296 ?, U+2295 ?, U+221E 8, U+221B ?, U+2212 -, U+21C4 ?, U+2192 ?, U+21C5 ?, U+2572 ?, and U+2571 ?, etc. A monospaced font will improve the appearance of the data tables. However, the Thin Space U+2009 is used in most of the chemical and mathematical equations, and an exact monospaced font will not display Thin Space correctly. Adobe's "Source Code Pro" is an unusual "monospace font" that does display Thin Space and the data tables correctly.
  The archaic form of scientific notation exemplified by "0.0₄13", is herein simplified either to decimal form—"0.000013"in this example—or to modern scientific E notation, "1.3E-5". In this, "E" means "times ten raised to the power of". Furthermore, E notation has also been substituted herein for many numbers originally printed like this: "a × 10^b ".
  The name "van't Hoff" was changed to "van't Hoff" throughout; likewise "Van't" to "Van't". The hyphen is used inconsistently throughout the book, in words such as "hydrogen-ion" versus "hydrogen ion" or "non-ionized" versus "nonionizied". These have been retained. The word "difficulty" was sometimes employed as an adverb; herein it is converted to "difficultly" in this usage.
  Page 45: Changed "permangante" to "permanganate".
  Page 81: Removed the unmatched right parenthesis from "the difference in ionization between potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide).".
  Page 104: The table notes were reordered and renumbered to match the sequence of note anchors in the table. The anchor in the table title originally linked to a footnote instead of a table note; this footnote was converted to a table note (the first one).
  Page 106: The label for the sixth note to the table "The Ionization Constants of Bases" was changed from "3" to "F".
  Page 117: The chemical reaction schema, originally comprising two balanced equations and two unbalanced equations using vertical arrows has been rearranged into four balanced equations, with horizontal arrows. Such rearrangements have been silently performed elsewhere.
  Page 117: The printed symbol that might be described as "normal leftward arrow over rightward dark arrow (or heavy arrow)" has been represented herein with a more readily available character "?"—the Unicode character with hexadecimal number 2942, designated as "U+2942", rightward arrow over short leftward arrow. The same character is used herein for the printed symbol which might be described as "downward dark arrow left beside upward short arrow right"—the equations having been rearranged into a horizontal format—and also for "rightward dark arrow over leftward arrow". A different character U+2943 "?" represents "normal rightward arrow over heavy leftward arrow". Rtn to Footnote #459.
  Page 125: In the reaction of arsenious oxide with hydrogen sulphide, changed "H₃S" to "H₂S".
  Page 157 "Mendelejeff" changed to "MendelÉeff".
  Page 197: Changed "[AlO^3-] = y" to "[AlO₃^3-] = y".
  Page 226, etc.: Both forms "Bodlaender" and "BodlÄnder" are retained.
  Page 246: Changed "saponifying esters (p. 801)" to "saponifying esters (p. 81)".
  Page 252: Substituted "e^-" for a symbol that might be described as "circled epsilon".
  Page 283: In the equation showing the oxidation of zinc by cupric ion, the upward arrow originally shown beside the symbol for copper metal is changed to downward arrow.
  Page 310: The reference for "mobility" of "Hydroxide-ion" was changed from "156" to "56".

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