SONGS.

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A RAIN SONG OF THE SH?´-WI CHAI´ÄN (SNAKE SOCIETY).

1. Hen´-na-ti
He´-Äsh
PÛr´-tu-wish-ta
Kow-mots
Kash´-ti-arts
Ka´-chard

2. Hen´-na-ti shi´-wan-na
He´-Äsh shi-wan-na
PÛr´-tu-wish-ta shi-wan-na
Kow-mots shi´-wan-na
Kash´-ti-arts shi´-wan-na
Ka´-chard shi´-wan-na

(1) Translation:—Hennati, white floating masks, behind which the cloud people pass about over ti´ni´a for recreation; He´Äsh, masks like the plains, behind which the cloud people pass over ti´ni´a to water the earth; PÛrtuwishta, lightning people; Kowmots, thunder people; Kashtiarts, rainbow people; Ka´chard, rain, the word being used in this instance, however, as an emphatic invocation to the rulers of the cloud people.

(2) Shi´wanna, people.

Free translation:—An appeal to the priests of ti´nia. Let the white floating clouds—the clouds like the plains—the lightning, thunder, rainbow, and cloud peoples, water the earth. Let the people of the white floating clouds—the people of the clouds like the plains—the lightning, thunder, rainbow and cloud peoples—come and work for us, and water the earth.

3. Sha´-ka-ka
Shwi´-ti-ra-wa-na
Mai´-chi-na
Shwi´-si-ni-ha-na-we
Marsh´-ti-tÄ-mo
Mor´-ri-tÄ-mo

4. Sha´-ka-ka shi´-wan-na
Shwi´-ti-ra-wa-na shi´-wan-na
Mai´-chi-na shi´-wan-na
Shwi´-si-ni-ha-na-we shi´-wan-na
Marsh’ ti-tÄ-mo shi’-wan-na
Mor´-ri-tÄ-mo shi´-wan-na

Translation:—Sha´kaka, spruce of the north; Shwi´tirawana, pine of the west. Mai´china, oak of the south. Shwi´sinihanawe, aspen of the east. Marsh´titÄmo, cedar of the zenith; Mor´ritÄmo, oak of the nadir.

(2) Shi´wanna, people.

Free translation:—Cloud priest who ascends to ti´nia through the heart of the spruce of the north; cloud priest who ascends to ti´nia through the heart of the pine of the west; cloud priest who ascends to ti´nia through the heart of the oak of the south; cloud priest who ascends to ti´nia through the heart of the aspen of the east; cloud priest who ascends to ti´nia through the heart of the cedar of the zenith; cloud priest who ascends to ti´nia, through the heart of the oak of the nadir; send your people to work for us, that the waters of the six great springs may impregnate our mother, the earth, that she may give to us the fruits of her being.

Though the trees of the cardinal points are addressed, the supplication is understood to be made to priestly rulers of the cloud peoples of the cardinal points.

5. Hen´-na-ti
He´-Äsh
PÛr´-tu-wish-ta
Kow-mots
Kash-ti-arts
Ka´chard

ka´-shi-wan-na
ka´shi-wan-na
ka´shi-wan-na
ka´shi-wan-na
ka´shi-wan-na
ka´shi-wan-na
ka´shi-wan-na (all people).

Free translation:—All the white floating clouds—all the clouds like the plains—all the lightning, thunder, rainbow and cloud peoples, come and work for us.

6. Sha´-ka-ka
hwi´-ti-ra-wa-na
Mai´-chi-na
Shwi´-si-ni-ha-na-we
Marsh´-ti-tÄ-mo
Mor´-ri-tÄ-mo

ka´-shi-wan-na
ka´-shi-wan-na
ka´-shi-wan-na
ka´-shi-wan-na
ka´-shi-wan-na
ka´-shi-wan-na

Free translation:—

Priest of the spruce of the north, send all your people to work for us;
Priest of the pine of the west, send all your people to work for us;
Priest of the oak of the south, send all your people to work for us;
Priest of the aspen of the east, send all your people to work for us;
Priest of the cedar of the zenith, send all your people to work for us;
Priest of the oak of the nadir, send all your people to work for us.

7. Hen´-na-ti
He´-Äsh
PÛr-tu-wish-ta
Kow´-mots
Kash´-ti-arts
Ka´-chard

ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni

Translation:—Ho´chÄnni, arch ruler of the cloud priests of the world.

Free translation:—

Ho´chÄnni of the white floating clouds of the world;
Ho´chÄnni of the clouds like the plains of the world (referring to the cloud people behind their masks);
Ho´chÄnni of the lightning peoples of the world;
Ho´chÄnni of the thunder peoples of the world;
Ho´chÄnni of the rainbow peoples of the world;
Ho´chÄnni of the cloud peoples of the world—send all your peoples to work for us.

8. Sha-´ka-ka
Shwi´ti-ra-wa-na
Mai´-chi-na
Shwi´si-ni-ha-na-we
Marsh´-ti-tÄ-mo
Mor´-ri-tÄ-mo

ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni
ho´-chÄn-ni

Free translation:—

Ho´chÄnni of the spruce of the north;
Ho´chÄnni of the pine of the west;
Ho´chÄnni of the oak of the south;
Ho´chÄnni of the aspen of the east;
Ho´chÄnni of the cedar of the zenith;
Ho´chÄnni of the oak of the nadir; send all your peoples to work for us, that the waters of the six great springs of the world may impregnate our mother the earth, that she may give to us the fruits of her being.

A SONG OF THE SHU´WI CHAI´ÄN (SNAKE SOCIETY) FOR HEALING THE SICK.

1. Ska´-to-we chai´-Än
Ka´-span-na chai´-Än
Ko´-quai-ra chai’-Än

Quis´-ser-a chai´-Än
Hu´-wa-ka-chai´-Än
Ya´-ai chai´-Än

Translation:—Snake Society of the north, Snake Society of the west, Snake Society of the south, Snake Society of the east, Snake Society of the zenith, Snake Society of the nadir, come here and work with us.

2. Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te

Ska´-to-we chai´-Än
Ka´-span-na chai´-Än
Ko´-quai-ra chai´-Än
Quis´-ser-a chai´-Än
Hu´-wa-ka chai´-Än
Ya´-ai chai´-Än

An appeal to the ho´-naaites of the snake societies of the cardinal points to be present and work for the curing of the sick.

3. Mo´-kaite chai´-Än
Ko´-hai chai´-Än
Tu-o´-pi chai´-Än

Ka´-kan chai´-Än
TiÄ´-mi chai´-Än
Mai´tu-bo chai´-Än.

An appeal to the animals of the cardinal points to be present at the ceremonial of healing.

4. Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te
Ho´-na-ai-te

Mo´-kaite chai´-Än
Ko´-hai chai´-Än
Tu-o´-pi chai´-Än
Ka´-kan chai´-Än
Ti-Ä´-mi chai´-Än
Mai´-tu-bo chai´-Än

An appeal to the ho´naaites of the animal societies of the cardinal points to be present at the ceremonial.

A RAIN SONG OF THE SKO´YO CHAI´ÄN (GIANT SOCIETY).

1.
Cher-es ti mu
Middle of the world below
ko wai´ yÄ tu
door of shi´pa-po
ai´ ya mi wa wa
my medicine is precious, it is as my heart
Ish to wa
Arrow of lightning
ti?kÄ ?si mai ah
come to us
kosh´ te Än
echo
2.
Kai´ nu a we eh
Who is it
sha ka ka
“spruce of north”
ka´ shi wan na ti
all your people
ka´ ru ?sin i ah
your thoughts
ti´ kÄ ?si mai ah
come to us
3.
Kai´ nu ah we he
Who is it
hen´ na ti
“white floatin clouds”
ka´ ru ?sin i ah
your thoughts
ti´ kÄ ?si mai ah
come to us
ka´ shi wan na ti
all your people
ka´ ru ?sin i ah
your thoughts
ti´ kÄ ?si mai ah
come to us

4.
Kai´ nu ah we eh
Who is it
he´Äsh shi ?si
“clouds like the plains”
ka´ ru ?sin i ah
your thoughts
ti´ kÄ ?si mai ah
come to us
5.
Kai´ nu ah we he
Who is it
ish to wa
“arrow of lightning”
ka´ ru ?sin i ah
your thoughts
ti´ kÄ ?si mai ah
come to me
6.
Kai´ nu ah we eh
Who is it
ha´ a ?si ?si´ at ?si ni
“earth horizon”
ka´ shi wan na ti
all your people
ka´ ru ?sin i ah
your thought
ti´ kÄ ?si mai ah
come to us

Free translation:—We, the ancient ones, ascended from the middle of the world below, through the door of the entrance to the lower world, we hold our songs to the cloud, lightning, and thunder peoples as we hold our own hearts; our medicine is precious. (Addressing the people of ti´nia:) We entreat you to send your thoughts to us that we may sing your songs straight, so that they will pass over the straight road to the cloud priests that they may cover the earth with water, so that she may bear all that is good for us.

Lightning people, send your arrows to the middle of the earth, hear the echo (meaning that the thunder people are flapping their wings among the cloud and lightning peoples). Who is it (the singers pointing to the north)? The people of the spruce of the north. All your people and your thoughts come to us. Who is it? People of the white floating clouds. Your thoughts come to us, all your people and your thoughts come to us. Who is it (pointing above)? People of the clouds like the plains. Your thought comes to us. Who is it? The lightning people. Your thoughts come to us. Who is it? Cloud people at the horizon. All your people and your thoughts come to us.

A SONG OF THE SKO´YO CHAI´ÄN (GIANT SOCIETY) FOR HEALING THE SICK.

Ah´......ha......ha......wa´-mi
Sand painting
1.
Kai´-nu-a......we......eh
Who is it
mo´kai-ra
cougar
ho´-na-wa-ai-te
theurgist
nu-ro-wa-ah
all is yours
ka´-?si-ma-ah
take away all disease
2.
Kai´-nu-a......we......eh
Who is it
ko´-hai-ya
bear
ho´-na-wa-ai-te
theurgist
nu-ro-wa-ah
all is yours
ka´-?si-ma-ah
take away all disease
3.
Kai-nu-a......we......eh
Who is it
tu´-pi-na
badger
ho´-na-wa-ai-te
theurgist
nu-ro-wa-ah
all is yours
ka´-?si-ma-ah
take away all disease

4.
Kai-nu-a......we......eh
Who is it
ka´-kan-na
wolf
ho´-na-wa-ai-te
theurgist
nu-ro-wa-ah
all is yours
ka´-?si-ma-ah
take away all disease
5.
Kai-nu-a......we......eh
Who is it
tÄ´-mi-na
eagle
ho´-na-wa-ai-te
theurgist
nu-ro-wa-ah
all is yours
ka´-?si-ma-ah
take away all disease
6.
Kai-nu-a......we......eh
Who is it
ma´i-tu-bo
shrew
ho´-na-wa-ai-te
theurgist
nu-ro-wa-ah
all is yours
ka´-?si-ma-ah
take away all disease

Free translation:—Lion of the north, see the sand painting which you have given us (a voice is heard). Who is it? “The lion.” I am but your theurgist; you possess all power; lend me your mind and your heart that I may penetrate the flesh and discover the disease. Through me, your theurgist, take away all disease.

This appeal is repeated to each of the animals named.

A RAIN SONG OF THE HISTIÄN CHAI´ÄN (KNIFE SOCIETY).

1.
Ha´-ta-we
Corn pollen
ser´-ra-?se
pass over the road
yu´-wa
there
ti´tÄ-mi
north
ka´-wash-ti-ma
spring of the north
ko´-tÛ
mountain
2.
Ha´-ta-we
Corn pollen
ser´-ra-?se
pass over the road
yu´-wa
there
po’-na
west
?si´-pin
spring of the west
ko’-tÛ
mountain
3.
Ha´-ta-we
Corn pollen
ser´-ra-?se
pass over the road
yu´-wa
there
ko´wa
south
tow´-o-tu-ma
spring of the south
ko´-tÛ
mountain
4.
Ha´-ta-we
Corn pollen
ser´-ra-?se
pass over the road
yu´-wa
there
ha´-na-mi
east
ku´-chÄn
spring of the east
ko´-tÛ
mountain
5.
Ha´-ta-we
Corn pollen
ser´-ra-?se
pass over the road
yu´-wa
there
ti´-na-mi
zenith
ko´-wa-tu-ma
spring of the zenith
ko´-tÛ
mountain
6.
Ha´-ta-we
Corn pollen
ser´-ra-?se
pass over the road
yu´-wa
there
nÛr´-ka-mi
nadir
sti´-a-chÄn-na
spring of the nadir
ko´-tÛ
mountain

Free translation:—Corn pollen pass over the north road[24] to the spring of the north mountain, that the cloud people may ascend from the spring in the heart of the mountain to ti´nia and water the earth. The same is repeated for the five remaining cardinal points.

A RAIN SONG OF THE HISTIÄN CHAI´ÄN (KNIFE SOCIETY).

Ho´......hai......hai......ho´
1.
Yu´-wa......ti´tÄ-mi
There north
ka´-wish-ti-ma
spring
sha´......ka-ka
spruce of the north
ka´-shi......wan......na
all cloud people
ha´-ti
where
2.
Yu´-wa-po-na-mi
There in the west
shwi´-ti-ra-wa-na
pine of the west
ka´-shi......wan......na
all people
ha´-ti
where

3.
Yu´-wa......ko´-wa-mi
There south
?´se-ya
great
mai´-chi-na
oak of the south
ka´-shi......wan......na
all people
ha´-ti
where
4.
Yu´-wa......ha´......na-mi
There east
shwi´si-ni-ha-na-we
aspen of the east
ka´shi......wan......na
all people
ha-´ti
where
5.
Yu´-wa......ti´-na-mi
There the zenith
marsh´-ti-tÄ-mo
cedar of the zenith
ka´-shi......wan......na
all people
ha´-ti
where
6.
Yu´-wa......nÛr´-ka-mi
There earth
mor´-ri-tÄ-mo
oak of the earth
ka´-shi......wan......na
all people
ha´-ti
where
7.
Ho´......hai......hai......ho´
The Quer´rÄnna has the same song.

Free Translation:—

1. Where are all the cloud people of the spring or heart of the spruce of the north? There in the north [the singers pointing to the north].

2. Where are all the cloud people of the pine of the west? There in the west [the singers pointing to the west].

3. Where are all the cloud people of the great oak of the south? There in the south [the singers pointing to the south].

4. Where are all the cloud people of the aspen of the east? There in the east [the singers pointing to the east].

5. Where are all the cloud people of the cedar of the zenith? There in the zenith [the singers pointing upward].

6. Where are all the cloud people of the nadir? There [the singers pointing to the earth].

PORTION OF A RAIN SONG OF THE HISTIÄN CHAI´ÄN (KNIFE SOCIETY).

Ha´ ah oh hai e Är ha´ ah oh hai e Är[25]
1.
Yu-wa......ti´-i-ta
There north
shi´-pa-po
entrance to lower world
ni´-ma
ascended
mo´-kaite
cougar
ha´-ro-?se
man
Ha´ ah oh hai e Är ha´ ah oh hai e Är
2.
Yu-wa......ti´-i-ta
There north
shi´-pa-po
entrance to lower world
ni´ma
ascended
ko´-hai-ra
bear
ha´ro-?se
man
Ha´ ah oh hai e Är ha´ ah oh hai e Är
3.
Yu-wa......ti´-i-ta
There north
shi´-pa-po
entrance to lower world
ni´ma
ascended
tu’-pi-na
badger
ha´-ro-?se
man
Ha´ ah oh hai e Är ha´ ah oh hai e Är
4.
Yu-wa......ti´-i-ta
There north
shi´-pa-po
entrance to lower world
ni´ma
ascended
ka´-kan-na
wolf
ha´-ro-?se
man
Ha´ ah oh hai e Är ha´ ah oh hai e Är
5.
Yu-wa......ti´-i-ta
There north
shi´-pa-po
entrance to lower world
ni´ma
ascended
ti-Ä´mi
eagle
ha´-ro-?se
man
Ha´ ah oh hai e Är ha´ ah oh hai e Är

6.
Yu-wa......ti´-i-ta
There north
shi´-pa-po
entrance to lower world
ni´ma
ascended
mai-tu-bo
shrew
ha´-ro-?se
man

An appeal to the animals of the cardinal points to intercede with the cloud people to water the earth. This song is long and elaborate. It begins by stating that their people, the cougar people and the others mentioned, ascended to ha´arts, the earth, through the opening, shi´papo, in the north. It then recounts various incidents in the lives of these beings, with appeals at intervals for their intercession with the cloud people.

A RAIN SONG OF THE QUER´RÄNNA CHAI´ÄN.

Hen´-na-ti
White floating clouds.
he´-Äsh
clouds like the plains
O´-shats
sun
Ta´-wac
moon
Mo´-kaite
cougar
ko´hai
bear
Tu-o´-pi
badger
Ka´kan
wolf
Ti-Ä´-mi
eagle
Mai-tu-bo
shrew
Ma´-a-se-we
elder war hero
Uyuuyewe
younger war hero
Sa´-mai-hai-a
name of warrior of the north
Shi´-no-hai-a
name of warrior
Yu´-ma-hai-a
name of warrior of the south
Ah´-wa-hai-a
name of warrior of the east
Pe´-ah-hai-a
name of warrior of zenith
Sa´-ra-hai-a
name of warrior of nadir
Wai-ti-chÄn-ni
medicine water bowl
ai-wan-na-tuon-Ñi
cloud bowl
Shi´-wan-na-wa-tu-un
ceremonial water vase
hi-Än-ye
I make a road of meal
Hi´-ah-Är-ra
the ancient road
hi´-a-mo-Ñi
the ancient road
Hi-shi-ko-ya?sas-pa
white shell bead woman who lives where the sun descends
sho´-pok-ti-Ä-ma
whirlwind
SÛs´-sis-tin-na-ko
creator
ya´-ya
mother
ko´-chi-na-ko
yellow woman of the north
Mer´-ri-na-ko
blue woman of the west
kÛr´-kan-­Ñi-na-ko
red woman of the south
Ka´-shi-na-ko
white woman of the east
quis-ser-ri-na-ko
slightly yellow woman of the zenith
mu-nai-na-ko
dark woman of the nadir

Free translation:—White floating clouds. Clouds like the plains come and water the earth. Sun embrace the earth that she may be fruitful. Moon, lion of the north, bear of the west, badger of the south, wolf of the east, eagle of the heavens, shrew of the earth, elder war hero, younger war hero, warriors of the six mountains of the world, intercede with the cloud people for us, that they may water the earth. Medicine bowl, cloud bowl, and water vase give us your hearts, that the earth may be watered. I make the ancient road of meal, that my song may pass straight over it—the ancient road. White shell bead woman who lives where the sun goes down, mother whirlwind, father SÛs´sistinnako, mother Ya´ya, creator of good thoughts, yellow woman of the north, blue woman of the west, red woman of the south, white woman of the east, slightly yellow woman of the zenith, and dark woman of the nadir, I ask your intercession with the cloud people.

PRAYER FOR SICK INFANT.

While the Sia have great faith in the power of their theurgists, individually they make efforts to save the lives of their dear ones even after the failure of the theurgist. Such is their belief in the supplications of the good of heart, that the vice-theurgist of the Snake Society, who is one of the writer’s staunchest friends, rode many miles to solicit her prayers for his ill infant. He placed in her hand a tiny package of shell mixture done up in a bit of corn husk, and, clasping the hand with both of his, he said: “Your heart being good, your prayers travel fast to the sun and Ko´pishtaia.” He, then, in the most impressive manner, repeated the following prayer:

(1) Ku-chor-pish-tai-a (2) Ku-chor-na-tÄ-ni (3) Ku´ti ot se Ä ta (4) Pai´-Ä-tÄ-mo ki-?chÄn-ni (5) Ha´-mi ha´-notch (6) U-wa mash-ta-Ñi (7) Ka´a-winck (8) Ya´-ya (9) U-Ä-mÛts (10 Ka´-a-wiinck (11) Sha´-mi winck (12) U-we-chai-ni (13) Ñi na mats (14) Ñi to Ñi (15) ?si tu ma Ñi to Ñi (16) Na´ wai pi cha.

Explanation of prayer by governor for his sick child.

(1) Your thoughts and heart are united with Ko´pishtaia; you daily draw the sacred breath of life.

(2) Your thoughts are great and pass first over the road to the sun father and Ko´pishtaia.

(3) Our thoughts and hearts are as one, but yours are first.

(4) A man of the world.
(5) Of the tobacco family.
} Referring to the child.

(6) You will be to the child as a mother, and the child will be as your own for all time to come; your thoughts will always be for one another.

(7) The hearts of ourselves and the child be united and as one heart henceforth; those of us who pray for the child will be known by the child and the child by us, even though the child has not been seen by us; we will know one another by our hearts and the child will greet you as——

(8) Mother.

(9) Take the child into your arms as your own.

(10) That the hearts of ourselves and the child’s be united and as one heart; henceforth those of us who pray for this child will be known by the child and the child by us; though the child has not been seen by us, we will know one another by our hearts.

(11) May he have a good heart.

(12) May all good words come straight from his heart and pass over the straight road.

(13) While he is growing from childhood to youth.

(14) While he is growing from youth to manhood.

(15) And may he be valued as he grows from manhood to old age.

(16) May the child be beautiful and happy.

When one is ill from the heat of the sun he sprinkles corn pollen or meal to the sun, saying, “Father, I am ill in my head, it reaches my heart; I pay you with this meal; I give it to you as food, and will be thankful to you to take away my malady.”

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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