Words beginning with a vowel are pronounced with or without aspiration (initial "h"). Aspiration is indicated by the sign ( ? ), ?t? (hoti). Unaspirated syllables are marked ( ? ), ??? (ook).

American him is ?im; horse is ?orse.

English im is ?im; orse is ?orse.

Note 1.—Breathing stands over the vowel: in a diphthong, over the second vowel (accent also stands over the second vowel, and precedes the breathing). Bt. 8; Gl. 6; Gn. 11.

Note may be made of the marks of punctuation: comma (,), color (·), interrogation (;), period (.).