• Bunter sandstone, 35, 36
• Burton-on-Trent, wells at, 156
• Bushey, well at, 191
• Butte-aux-Cailles, well at, 179
• Camberwell, well at, 191
• Camden Station, well at, 191
• Camden Town, wells at, 192
• Canterbury, well at, 192
• Carbonic acid in wells, 209
• Carburetted hydrogen in wells, 210
• Cartridges for blasting, 50
• Cast-iron tubes, 66, 143
• Caterham, well at, 192
• Cement backing, 111, 112
• —— ladle for tubbing, 111, 112
• Chalk, 5, 7
• —— headings or tunnels in, 54
• —— level of water in, 8
• —— marl, 5
• —— rainfall on, 27
• Charge of powder, rule for, 45, 46
• Chelmsford, well at, 169, 192
• Cheshire, thickness of trias, 36
• Cheshunt, wells at, 170, 192
• Chinese system of boring, 60, 61
• Chisels for boring, 62, 87, 102, 115, 132
• —— or trepans, 113, 115
• —— tempering, 209
• Chiswell Street, well at, 192
• Chiswick, wells at, 192
• Clamp for tube well, 81
• Claw grapnel, 139
• Clay, 12
• —— grapnel, 140, 141, 143
• —— iron or bull, 50
• Cleaning pipes, tube well, 83
• —— shot-holes, 49
• Clewer Green, wells at, 192
• Cold-drawn wrought-iron tubes, 66
• Colnbrook, well at, 192
• Colney Hatch, well at, 192
• Core box, 206
• Core grapnel, 140
• Cost of boring, 80, 209
• —— of headings in sandstone, 54
• Covent Garden, well at, 192
• Coventry, wells at, 155
• Covered outcrop, 21
• Cretaceous strata, 167-201
• Crewe, wells at, 158
• Cribs, fixing, 94
• Cricklewood, well at, 192
• Crow, Kind-Chaudron, 107
• Crow’s foot, 64
• Croydon, wells at, 192
• Curb in underpinning, 40
• Cutting grapnel, 139, 141
• Cylinder, Mather and Platt’s, 130
• Cylinders, iron for lining, 56
• Dartford Creek, wells at, 193
• Deep boring, 72, 85-150
• Defective tubing, 74-79
• Denham, well at, 193
• Deptford, well at, 193
• Depth of rainfall, 26
• Difficulties of boring, 80
• Dip-bucket, 150
• Dogs, 65, 67
• Dolly, 67, 74
• Dorking, well at, 171
• Drainage area, definition, 25
• Drift, 5-7, 21, 22
• —— outcrop covered by, 21
• Driving tubes, 67, 73, 74
• —— tube well, 81-83
• Drum curb, 42
• Dru’s first trepan, 113
• —— system, 113
• ————, summary, 126
• Dudlow Lane well, 160
• Dulwich, well at, 193
• Durham, sinkings in, 93
• —— wells in, 155
• Dyke, effect of, 4
• Dynamite, 44
• Earth-fast, definition, 44
• East Barnet, well at, 190
• East Ham Level, well at, 193
• Edgware, well at, 193
• Edgware Road, well at, 193
• Edlesborough, well at, 193
• Eltham, wells at, 193
• Enfield Lock, well at, 193
• Enlarging hole below tubes, 67, 68
• —— shot-holes, 48
• Epping, well at, 193
• Erith, well at, 193
• Europe, rainfall in, 28, 29
• Euyenhausen joint, 85, 88
• Excavation in wells, table of, 204
• Explosive agents, use of, 45

• Fan, for ventilation, 52
• Farnham, well at, 193
• Fault, effect of, 4
• Fauvelle’s system, 79
• Fissures, 2, 12
• —— in blasting, 46
• —— in chalk, 8
• Flat chisels, 62
• Fleet Street, well at, 193
• Formation, mineral character of, 11
• Foul air in wells, 52, 209
• Four and a half inch steining, 59
• Free-falling tools, Dru’s, 117-123
• Freshwater, well at, 187, 188
• Fulmer, well at, 193
• Fuse for blasting, 50
• Gases in wells, 52, 209
• Gault, 5
• General conditions of outcrop, 18
• Geological conditions, epitome of, 10
• ———— primary, 4
• Gneiss, rainfall on, 27
• Golden Lane, well at, 193
• Granite, rainfall on, 27
• Grapin, or clutch, 107
• Grapnels, 107, 139-141
• Gravesend, well at, 193
• Green Lane wells, 160
• Greensands, 5, 8
• Greenwich, wells at, 193
• Grenelle, well at, 85, 179
• Guides, bore-head, 132
• ——, Dru’s, for rods, 121
• Guncotton, 44
• Gunpowder, 44
• —— weight of, 49
• Hackney Road, well at, 193
• Haggerstone, well at, 194
• Hainault Forest, well at, 194
• Half-brick steining, 59
• Halstead, well at, 194
• Hammersmith, well at, 194
• Hampstead, wells at, 194
• —— Road, wells at, 194
• Hand-dog, 65
• Hand-jumpers, 47
• Hanwell, well at, 194
• Hard rock, Dru’s system, 125
• ————sinking in, 44, 53
• Harrow, well at, 171, 194
• Hastings sand, 5
• Haverstock Hill, well at, 194
• Hayes, well at, 194
• Headings or tunnels, 53, 54
• Hedgerley, sands and clays at, 17
• Height of strata above surface, 23
• Hendon, well at, 194
• Herne Bay, section at, 12
• Highbury, wells at, 172, 194
• Hills or mountains, 5
• —— drift on, 6
• —— flat-topped, 20
• —— outcrop on, 19
• Hoddesdon, well at, 194
• Holloway, wells at, 194
• Hollow rods, 80
• Hoop-iron, boring with, 60, 61
• Horizontal strata, 9
• Hornsey, wells at, 194
• Horselydown, well at, 194
• Hoxton, well at, 195
• Hungerford, section near, 14
• Hyde Park Corner, well at, 195
• Hydraulic tube-forcers, 146-148
• Ickenham, well at, 195
• Instruments used in blasting, 46
• Iron cylinders for lining, 56
• —— drum curb, 42
• —— for drills and jumpers, 47
• —— rods, 64, 65, 80, 120
• —— tubbing, 95, 97, 98
• Isle of Dogs, well at, 195
• —— of Grain, well at, 195
• Isleworth, wells at, 195
• Islington Green, well at, 195
• Joints, Kind-Chaudron rod, 105-107
• —— tubbing, 109
• —— tube, 75, 143, 144
• Journal of well-work, 206
• Jumpers, 47, 48
• Kensington, wells at, 195
• Kentish Town, well at, 172, 195
• Keuper, 5, 35, 36
• Key, Kind-Chaudron, 105
• Kilburn, well at, 195
• Kind-Chaudron system, 93
• Kind’s moss-joint, 123, 124
• —— system, 85-93

• Kind’s system, time employed, 92
• Kingsbury, well at, 195
• Kingston-on-Thames, well at, 195
• Knightsbridge, well at, 195
• Ladle, cement, for tubbing, 111
• Lagging of drum curb, 42
• Lambeth, wells at, 195, 196
• Lancashire, thickness of trias, 36
• Lea Bridge, well at, 196
• Leamington, well at, 158
• Least resistance, line of, 45, 46, 50
• Leatherhead, sands and clays at, 17
• Leek, wells at, 163
• Leicester Square, well at, 196
• Lias, 5, 8
• Lifting dog, 65
• Lift of rods, 70
• Limehouse, wells at, 196
• Line of least resistance, 45, 46, 50
• Lining or steining wells, 54-59
• —— tubes for bore-hole, 66, 143, 144
• Liquorpond Street, well at, 196
• Lithofracteur, 44
• Liverpool, wells at, 158
• London Basin, wells in, 190-201
• —— average section of strata, 13
• —— clay, 5
• —— measurement of sections, 15, 16
• Long Acre, well at, 196
• Longton, wells at, 162
• Loughton, well at, 196
• Lower Morden, well at, 196
• —— tertiaries, outcrop of, 23
• Luton, well at, 196
• Magnesian limestone, 5, 10
• Maldon, well at, 196
• Margate, well at, 196
• Marylebone Road, well at, 196
• Mather and Platt’s system, 126-154
• Measure of water in wells, 204
• Michelmersh, well at, 176
• Middlesborough, well at, 163
• Mile End, wells at, 176, 196
• Mile End Road, well at, 197
• Millbank, wells at, 197
• Mineral character of formation, 11
• Mitcham, well at, 197
• Mizers, 56, 57
• Molasse sandstones, 5
• Monkey for tube well, 81
• Monkham Park, well at, 197
• Mortlake, wells at, 197
• Moss box, Kind-Chaudron, 110, 111
• Moss joints, 110, 111, 123
• Mountain slopes, springs in, 6
• Mountains or hills, 5
• Muschelkalk, 35
• New Barnet, well at, 190
• New Cross, well at, 197
• New red sandstone, 5, 8, 35
• ———— headings in, 54
• New Wimbledon, well at, 201
• Nine-inch steining, 59
• North America, rainfall, 30, 31
• Northampton, well at, 166
• Northolt, well at, 197
• Norwich crag, 5
• —— well at, 177
• Notting Dale, well at, 197
• —— Hill, well at, 197
• Number of bricks in wells, 205
• Observations with rain-gauge, 24
• Off-take of rods, 70
• Old Kent Road, well at, 197
• Old Windsor, wells at, 197
• Oolitic strata, 5, 8, 166
• Orange Street, well at, 197
• Outcrop, 11
• —— position of, 18
• —— rainfall on, 11
• —— rainfall on district, 24
• Oxford Street, well at, 197
• Paris, wells at, 179
• Pass pipes for tubbing, 98
• —— valves for tubbing, 98
• Passy, well at, 85, 180
• Pebble Hill, section at, 14
• —— beds, 36, 37
• Peckham, well at, 197
• Penge, well at, 197
• Pentonville, wells at, 197
• Permeability of new red sandstone, 37
• Permian strata, 155
• Picker, 58
• Pimlico, wells at, 197
• Pinner, well at, 197
• Pipe-dolly, 67
• —— iron, 74
• Plaistow, well at, 197

• Planes of bedding, 12
• Plant, Dru’s system, 114, 115
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, 99
• —— well sinking, 40-58
• —— well boring, 61-79
• Plug, tube straightening, 140, 149
• Plugs for tamping, 52
• Ponders End, wells at, 187, 197
• Porous soils, 8
• Position of outcrop, 18
• —— of well, 207
• Pot mizer, 57
• Preparations for sinking, 40
• Pricker, 50
• Primary beds, 5, 9
• Principles of blasting, 45
• Prong grapnel, 139, 149
• Pudsey Hall, well at, 198
• Pumps, Mather and Platt’s, 149-154
• Quantity of brickwork in wells, 205
• Quicksand, modes of piercing, 98
• Rainfall, 24
• —— on new red sandstone, 37
• —— on outcrop, 11
• —— tables of, 28-32
• Rain-gauge, instructions for using, 24
• Ratcliffe, wells at, 198
• Rate of boring, 207, 208
• ————, Dru, 123
• —— of working, Mather and Platt’s, 137
• Reculvers, section at, 12
• Regent’s Park, wells at, 198
• RhÆtic beds, 5
• Richmond, wells at, 198
• Rimers, 68
• Riming spring, 68
• Ring for broken rods, 64
• River deposits, 22
• Rock, chisels for, 62, 87, 102, 115, 132
• —— intersected by dyke, 4
• —— sinking in, 44
• Rod guides, Dru’s, 121
• —— joints, Dru’s, 121
• —— at Passy, 86, 89
• Rods, boring, 64, 65
• —— boring, Dru’s, 120, 121
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, 101
• —— remarks on, 126, 127
• Romford, well at, 198
• Rope, boring with, 60, 130
• Ross, well at, 165, 166
• Rotherhithe, wells at, 198
• Ruislip, well at, 198
• Running sands, Dru’s system, 125
• Saffron Walden, well at, 198
• St. Helens, wells at, 166
• Sand, 11
• —— Mather and Platt’s system, 143
• Sandhurst, well at, 198
• Sandstone, new red, 35
• Sandwich, well at, 198
• Scaffolding for boring, 71
• Scratcher, 58
• Screw grapnel, 139, 142
• Screw-jacks, 144, 145
• Searching for water, 9
• Secondary beds, 5
• Setting rain-gauge, 24
• Shallow surface springs, 21
• Sheer-frame, boring, _Frontispiece_, 72
• Sheer-legs, 69
• Sheerness, wells at, 198
• Shell, 63, 122
• —— at Passy, 90
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, 105
• —— or auger, 63
• —— pump, Mather and Platt’s, 134, 136
• ———— jammed, 141, 142
• Shoreditch, well at, 198
• Shorne Meade Fort, well at, 198
• Shortlands, well at, 199
• Shot-holes, boring, 48
• —— in wet stone, 50
• Sinkers’ bucket, 67, 150
• Sinking mine shafts, 93
• —— plant for, 96
• —— with drum curb, 42
• Sinkings in Durham, 93
• —— in hard rock, 44-53, 94
• Site for rain-gauge, 24
• Slate, rainfall on, 27
• Slope of hills, outcrop on, 19
• Slough, wells at, 199
• Small-shot system in blasting, 44
• Smithfield, well at, 199
• Snow, measuring fall of, 25
• South America, rainfall, 31
• Southend, well at, 199
• Southwark, wells at, 199
• Speed of holing with hand-drills, 48

• Spitalfields, well at, 199
• Spithead, well at, 146
• Spring, definition, 1
• —— cutter for tubes, 78, 79
• —— darts, 67
• —— pole, 61
• Springs, 1, 2
• —— in alluvium, 7
• —— in drift, 6
• —— in chalk, 7
• —— in permeable strata, 1
• —— surface, 21
• Staffordshire, thickness of trias, 36
• —— wells in, 162, 163
• Steam jet for ventilation, 52
• Steel for drills, 47
• Steining, 40, 43, 54-59
• Stemmer or tamping bar, 51
• Step-ladder, 139, 141
• Stifford, well at, 199
• Stockwell Green, wells at, 199
• Stone steining, 55
• Storing well-water, 206
• Strata, disturbances of the, 32
• —— table of, 202, 203
• Stratford, wells at, 199
• Stratified rock, blasting in, 46
• Streatham, well at, 199
• Stud-block, 66
• Sudbury, well at, 199
• Sulphuretted hydrogen in wells, 210
• Superficial area, extent of, 11
• Superintending well-work, hints on, 206
• Surface, height of strata above, 23
• —— of outcrop, 11
• —— springs, 21
• Swanage, Dorset, well at, 167
• Tables of excavation in wells, 204
• —— rainfall, 28-32
• —— of strata, 202, 203
• Tamping, 50, 51
• —— bar, 51
• —— tools, 50-52
• T-chisels, 62
• Tempering boring chisels, 209
• Tertiary beds, 5
• —— district, division of, 34
• Testing machine, for tubbing, 108, 109
• Thames Street, Upper, well at, 200
• Tillers, 62, 65
• Timber steining, 55
• Tongs, 67
• Tools for well boring, 62-79
• Top rods, 65, 66
• Tottenham, wells at, 199
• Tottenham Court Road, well at, 199
• Tower Hill, well at, 199
• Trafalgar Square, well at, 199
• Trepan at Passy, 85
• —— Dru’s first, 113
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, 101-105
• —— Kind’s, 86, 87
• Trias strata, 35, 36, 155
• Tubbing, 94, 95
• —— pass pipes for, 98
• —— placing Kind-Chaudron, 108, 109
• —— testing machine for, 108, 109
• Tube clamps, 67
• —— forcing apparatus, 74, 144-148
• —— grapnel, 139, 149
• —— joints, 66, 75
• —— well, American, 81
• Tubes, 66, 143
• Tubing, when necessary, 73
• Tunnels or headings, 53, 54
• Underpinning, 40
• Upchurch, wells at, 199, 200
• Upper Thames Street, well, at, 200
• Uxbridge, wells at, 200
• Valleys, drift in, 6
• —— outcrop in, 18
• Valve for mizer, 56, 57
• Valves for shell, 64, 122, 123, 134
• Vauxhall, well at, 200
• V-chisels, 62
• Wad-hook, 64
• Waltham Abbey, well at, 200
• Walthamstow Marsh, well at, 200
• Wandsworth, wells at, 200
• Warwickshire, thickness of trias, 36
• Water in new red sandstone, 38
• —— measure and weight in wells, 204
• —— searching for, 9
• Water-bearing deposits, value of, 10
• —— strata, height of, above surface, 23
• ———— sinking through, 56, 93
• Well, Artesian, definition, 2
• ———— causes of failure, 2-4
• —— boring, 60-80
• —— sinking, 40

• Well-water, storing, 206
• Wealden clay, 5
• Wedging cribs, 94, 95
• Weight of water in wells, 204
• Westbourne Grove, well at, 200
• West Drayton, wells at, 200
• West Ham, wells at, 102
• West India Dock, well at, 201
• Westminster, wells at, 201
• Wet stone, shot-holes in, 50
• Whitechapel, wells at, 201
• Willesden, well at, 201
• Wimbledon, wells at, 201
• Windsor station well, 160
• Windsor, wells at, 201
• —— wells at Old, 197
• Winchfield, well at, 189
• Windlass, 42, 60, 72
• Winkfield Plain, well at, 201
• Witham, well at, 201
• Withdrawing tools, 64
• Withdrawing tubes, 74-79
• Wolverhampton, wells at, 166
• Wooden drum curb, 41, 42
• —— rods, 89, 101, 106
• Wood tubbing, 95
• Woodley Lodge, well at, 201
• Woolwich beds, 5
• —— wells at, 201
• Worm-auger, 64
• Wormley, wells at, 201
• Wormwood Scrubbs, well at, 201
• Wrought-iron tubes, 66

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.