| PAGE |
| Introduction | 1 |
| CHAPTER I. |
| Gradual degradation of Spain and Portugal | 4 |
| Tyranny of the Church and of the Governments | 5, 6 |
| Mal-administration of the laws | 6 |
| Disuse of the Cortes | 7 |
| Condition of the Nobles | 7 |
| Of the army | 8 |
| Improvement among the Clergy | 9 |
| State of the Religious Orders | 11 |
| Improving literature | 12 |
| Morals | 12 |
| National character unchanged | 14 |
| Both countries in a favourable state for improvement | 14 |
| Both become dependent upon France | 15 |
| Causes and progress of the French Revolution | 16 |
| Buonaparte | 19 |
| Military power of France | 23 |
| The Conscription | 23 |
| Change in the constitution and character of the French army | 29 |
| Levelling principle of the Revolutionary service | 30 |
| Honourable character of the old French army | 32 |
| Honour not the principle of despotism | 32 |
| Education in the hands of the Clergy before the Revolution | 33 |
| The whole system destroyed | 35 |
| Public instruction promised by the Revolutionists | 36 |
| Talleyrand’s scheme | 36 |
| Religion omitted | 36 |
| Condorcet’s scheme | 36 |
| Religion proscribed | 37 |
| Scheme of the National Convention | 37 |
| Domestic education proscribed | 38 |
| None of these schemes attempted in practice | 39 |
| Normal schools | 40 |
| Consequences of these visionary schemes | 41 |
| Attachment of the Jacobins to Buonaparte | 42 |
| A system of education necessary for his views | 43 |
| Imperial University | 44 |
| Communal Colleges | 46 |
| Ecclesiastical schools | 47 |
| Lyceums | 49 |
| First Catechism | 50 |
| Special Military Academies | 51 |
| Youths from the conquered countries | 51 |
| Moral effect of the Lyceums | 192 |
| The Queen of Etruria expelled from Tuscany | 193 |
| Buonaparte writes to the King of Spain | 194 |
| Troops marched into Spain | 194 |
| Seizure of Pamplona | 195 |
| Seizure of Barcelona | 198 |
| Seizure of Monjuic | 201 |
| Seizure of St. Sebastians and Figueras | 201 |
| DepÔts established at Barcelona | 202 |
| Alarm of the Spaniards | 204 |
| Fears and perplexities of the Spanish Court | 205 |
| Measures for protecting the intended emigration | 207 |
| Hopes of the Prince’s party | 209 |
| Vacillation of the King | 210 |
| Insurrection at Aranjuez | 211 |
| Abdication of Charles IV. | 214 |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| Ministry formed by Ferdinand | 219 |
| Godoy’s property confiscated without a trial | 220 |
| Murat enters Spain | 222 |
| People of Madrid exhorted to receive the French as friends | 223 |
| The French enter Madrid | 224 |
| Murat refuses to acknowledge Ferdinand | 226 |
| Grouchy made Governor of Madrid | 226 |
| Declaration concerning the affair of the Escurial | 227 |
| The abdication represented as a voluntary act | 227 |
| Charles complains to the French | 228 |
| He writes to Buonaparte, intreating him to interfere | 230 |
| Letters of the Queen to Murat | 231 |
| The Infante D. Carlos sent to meet Buonaparte | 234 |
| Ferdinand is urged to go and meet the Emperor | 235 |
| The sword of Francis I. restored to the French | 236 |
| Alarm of the people | 237 |
| Perplexity of Ferdinand and his Ministers | 238 |
| Dispatches from Izquierdo | 240 |
| The Ministers deceived by these dispatches | 243 |
| General Savary arrives at Madrid | 244 |
| Ferdinand consents to go | 245 |
| He sets out from Madrid | 247 |
| Urquijo’s advice to him at Vitoria | 249 |
| Ferdinand writes to Buonaparte from Vitoria | 252 |
| Buonaparte’s reply | 254 |
| Ferdinand is advised to proceed | 258 |
| Promises of Savary, and preparations for seizing Ferdinand | Time for introducing the Constitution, and for amending it | 428 |
| The Nobles and Regulars contend for their respective orders | 429 |
| Joseph appoints his Ministers | 430 |
| Letter from Ferdinand to the Intruder | 432 |
| Joseph presents the Constitution to the Notables | 433 |
| Ceremony of accepting it | 434 |
| Medals voted in honour of this event | 436 |
| Address of thanks to Buonaparte | 436 |
| Buonaparte is embarrassed in replying to it | 438 |
| Joseph enters Spain | 440 |
| Buonaparte returns to Paris | 441 |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| Feelings of the English people concerning the transactions in Spain | 443 |
| Proceedings in Parliament | 445 |
| Mr. Whitbread proposes to negotiate with France | 447 |
| Mr. Whitbread speaks in favour of the Spaniards | 447 |
| Mr. Whitbread’s letter to Lord Holland | 448 |
| Measures of the British Government | 451 |
| Movements of the French in Navarre and Old Castille | 452 |
| Torquemada burnt | 453 |
| General Cuesta attempts at first to quiet the people | 453 |
| He takes the national side | 454 |
| Evil of his hesitation | 454 |
| He is defeated at Cabezon | 455 |
| The French enter Valladolid | 456 |
| They enter Santander | 456 |
| General Lefebvre Desnouettes defeats the Aragonese | 456 |
| He marches against Zaragoza | 457 |
| Troops sent from Barcelona towards Zaragoza and Valencia | 458 |
| General Schwartz marches towards Manresa | 459 |
| He is defeated at Bruch, and retreats to Barcelona | 460 |
| General Chabran recalled in consequence of Schwartz’s defeat | 462 |
| Arbos burnt by the French | 462 |
| Chabran defeated at Bruch | 463 |
| Duhesme endeavours to secure Gerona | 463 |
| Mataro sacked by the French | 465 |
| Failure of the attempt on Gerona | 465 |
| Figueras relieved by the French | 466 |
| Movements of Moncey against Valencia | 467 |
| Defeat of the Valencians | 468 |
| He approaches the city | 468 |
| Preparations for defence | 469 |
| The Valencians defeated at Quarte | 471 |
|
