| PAGE |
| Section 1. Wood. Definitions. "Structure." Weights. Coefficients. Uses. Botanical and Common Nomenclatures. General Information, etc. | 1 |
| Section 2. Definitions. Cellular Structure. Annual Rings. Medullary or Pith Rays. Pith Cavities. Sapwood and Heartwood. Cross, Radial and Tangential Distinctions. "Quarter Sawn" Surfaces, Common and Botanical Subdivisions, etc. | 7 |
| Section 3. Distribution. Distinguishing Characteristics. General Information, etc. | 10 |
| Section 4. Distribution. Historical. Structural and Physical Properties of Wood. Commercial Divisions. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. | 11 |
| a. White Oak (Quercus alba) | 13 |
| b. Cow Oak (Quercus michauxii) | 14 |
| c. Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus) | 15 |
| d. Post Oak (Quercus minor) | 16 |
| e. Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) | 17 |
| f. White Oak (Quercus garryana) | 18 |
| g. Red Oak (Quercus rubra) | 19 |
| h. Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) | 20 |
| i. Spanish Oak (Quercus digitata) | 21 |
| j. Black Oak (Quercus velutina) | 22 |
| k. Live Oak (Quercus virens) | 23 |
| l. California Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) | 24 |
| m. Live Oak (Quercus chrysolepis) | 25 |
| n. English Oak (Quercus robur var. pedunculata) | 26 |
| Section 5. Distribution. Historical. General Properties. Commercial Divisions. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. | 27 |
| a. White Ash (Fraxinus americana) | 29 |
| b. Red Ash (Fraxinus pubescens) | 30 |
| c. Blue Ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) | 31 |
| d. Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) | 32 |
| e. Green Ash (Fraxinus viridis) | 33 |
| f. Oregon Ash (Fraxinus oregona) | 34 |
| Section 6. Distribution. Structural and Physical Properties of Wood. Uses. Landscape Value of Trees, etc. | 35 |
| a. White Elm (Ulmus americana) | 36 |
| b. Cork Elm (Ulmus racemosa) | 37 |
| c. Slippery Elm, Red Elm (Ulmus pubescens) | 38 |
| d. Wing Elm (Ulmus alata) | 39 |
| Section 7. Distribution. Structural and Physical Properties of Wood. Uses. Maple Sugar. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. | 40 |
| a. Sugar Maple, Hard Maple (Acer saccharum) | 42 |
| b. Silver Maple, Soft Maple (Acer saccharinum) | 43 |
| c. Red Maple, Swamp Maple (Acer r
32-h-8.htm.html#White_Pine_monticola" class="pginternal">White Pine (Pinus monticola) | 137 |
| e. Georgia, Hard, Yellow or Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) | 138 |
| f. Cuban Pine (Pinus heterophylla) | 139 |
| g. Shortleaf Pine, Yellow Pine (Pinus echinata) | 140 |
| h. Loblolly Pine (Pinus tÆda) | 141 |
| i. Bull Pine, Yellow Pine, Western Pine (Pinus ponderosa) | 142 |
| j. Norway Pine, Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) | 143 |
| k. Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida) | 144 |
| l. Northern Pine, Scotch Pine, Dantzic Pine (Pinus sylvestris) | 145 |
| Section 29. Descriptive. Structural and Physical Characteristics. "Kauri Gum," etc. | 146 |
| a. Kauri Pine (Dammara australis) | 147 |
| Section 30. Localities. Structural and Physical Peculiarities. Commercial Divisions. Botanical Characteristics | 148 |
| a. Black Spruce (Picea nigra) | 150 |
| b. Red Spruce (Picea rubens) | 150 |
| c. White Spruce (Picea alba) | 151 |
| d. White Spruce (Picea engelmanni) | 152 |
| e. Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) | 153 |
| Section 31. Great Size of Trees. Localities. Structural and Physical Peculiarities of Wood. Botanical Characteristics | 154 |
| a. Douglas or Red Spruce or Fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) | 155 |
| Section 32. Sources of Supply. Structural and Physical Characteristics. Confusion of Names. Botanical Characteristics | 156 |
| a. Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) | 157 |
| b. Great Silver Fir (Abies grandis) | 158 |
| c. White Fir (Abies concolor) | 159 |
| d. Red Fir (Abies magnifica) | 160 |
| e. Red Fir. Noble Fir (Abies nobilis) | 161 |
| Section 33. Distribution. Structural and Physical Peculiarities of Wood. Botanical Characteristics | 162 |
| a. Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) | 163 |
| b. Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) | 163 |
| Section 34. Historical. Sources. Structural and Physical Peculiarities. Botanical Characteristics | 164 |
| a. Larch, Tamarack (Larix americana) | 165 |
| b. Larch, Tamarack (Larix occidentalis) | 166 |
| Section 35. Confusion of Names. Historical. Structural and Physical Peculiarities of Wood. Uses. Commercial Divisions, etc. | 167 |
| a. Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) | 169 |
| b. Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) | 170 |
| c. White Cedar, Arb
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