The embryo is built of certain chemical elements, namely: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. See sec. 3, supra, and index, infra, “Chemical elements.” It derives its properties and potentialities from certain chemical combinations and mechanical arrangements of these elements, and from life. All of these combinations and arrangements are made after the formation of the fertilized ovum. Even if this ovum and its daughter-cells could build up the embryo body, automatically, yet it must grow anew for itself, independently of the growth of the bodies of its parents, or any other person; for it must have its own body, and not that of its father, mother, nor of any other person. It is composed of new materials, except the fertilized ovum, which is too small to be considered in comparison with the body of the embryo, as a whole. These new materials are derived from the blood of the mother.

No embryo ever takes or uses any organ or part of the body of its father, or mother, except the spermatozoÖn and the ovum, which form the germ-cell and serve as a germ to start the growth of the body. Each embryo is a new combination and a new arrangement of the atoms and cells of which it is composed. It is produced by new forces and motions peculiar to itself, which are similar to, but different from, those which produce every other embryo body. It is admitted on all sides, that every human being begins life as a fertilized ovum. It is well known that this infinitesimal cell has no organs, whatever, it being a mere atom. In no sense can it be called an embryo body. Each person must have his or her own body. No one ever takes or uses the body of any other person, nor any organ or part of such a body, such a thing being unthinkable. It follows, necessarily, that each embryo body and every organ and part of it, is produced anew, independently of every other human body.

Do the atoms and cells of which the embryo body is built up, spontaneously and automatically, form the chemical combinations and make the mechanical arrangements, which are necessary to build up the embryo body; or is it made by a supernatural psychic and creative force? Which hypothesis is most plausible?