[2] The north side of the river is called “Trevor Ucha,” i.e. “Upper Trevor.”[7] The Welch have a great readiness in attaching names to record occurrences: thus, the Gerant, which is a part of the Berwyn Mountains, is called by them Moel y Barbwr, i.e. Barber Hill, and obtained this appellation from the circumstance of a barber, who was an associate of a desperate gang of ruffians, having been hanged on the summit, for the murder of his wife in the last century.[11a] Welch Chron. p. 3.[11b] Camden’s Britan. p. 623.[12a] Warrington, p. 102.[12b] Cort’s Letter.[15a] Camb. Itin. p. 342.[15b] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 275.[20] Wynne’s Caradoc, p. 223.[31] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 282.[38] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 293.[45] Camden, p. 623.[47] Cambr. Trav. Guide, p, 327.[48] Pennant, vol. 2, p. 77.[49] Warrington, p. 325.[50] Wynne, p. 190.[51] Warrington, p. 326.[52] Wynne, p. 191.[55] Warrington, p. 327.[56] Warrington, p. 328. Hollins’s Chron. p. 73.[60a] These trees were planted immediately after the great election for the boroughs of Holt, Ruthin, and Denbigh, in which Mr. Myddelton was chosen, to mark the way to the Castle of Chirk, for the convenience of his constituents coming to share its hospitalities.[60b] The ancient pillar and its pedestal now lie by the side of the road, near a place called Pen y Bedau, about a quarter of a mile from the toll-gate at the east end of the town.[63] Hunt’s Letter to the Earl of Bridgewater, in the Ellesmere Report.[67] Hunt’s Letter to the Earl of Bridgewater, p. 7.[72] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 294.[74] See “Llangollen Church”, in this book.[80] English Baronetage, vol. 2, p. 114, printed 1727.[85] Cooke’s Brit. Trav. p. 111.[86] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 401.[90a] London, so called by Camden and the Brut.[90b] See Llangollen Church, dedicated to St. Collen.[90c] See the Brut, or Chronicle of the Kings of Britain, in vol. 1 of Collectanea Cambrica, by the Rev. P. Roberts, A.M.[91] Chron. of the Kings of Britain, p. 49.[92] Brut, p. 30. Camden. Gildas wrote A.D. 560; Geoffrey of Monmouth, 1070.[94a] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 395.[94b] Warrington, p. 345.[94c] Warrington, p. 359.[94d] Wynne, p. 229.[96] Wynne, p. 230.[97a] Warrington, p, 363.[97b] Wynne p. 257. Warrington, p. 398.[98a] Wynne, p. 273.[98b] Wynne, p. 274.[99] Wynne, p. 180.[101] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 216.[102a] Wynne, p. 275.[102b] Warrington, p. 440.[103a] Warrington, p. 458.[103b] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 216.[104] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 217.[105a] Wynne, p. 181.[105b] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 217.[106] Pennant, vol. 1. p. 217.[107] Camden’s Brit p. 304.[110] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 324. A gentleman who knows the fact says, however, that it came to the Cuppers recently, through an intermarriage with a Miss Davies; and that Mr. Pennant was wrong informed.[114] Whittington on Gothic Architecture. Dr. Milner’s History of Winchester.[115] Sir Christopher Wren’s Parentalia.[118a] Camden’s Britan. p. 677.[118b] These dates may have been some years later. In a MS. obligingly lent to me, it is stated, “Dissolved by statute of Henry VIII. 1561, at which time it was rated in the King’s Books at 214l. 3s. 3d.:” so that it was wholly decayed, as Camden has it, in twenty-five years.[119] This is the year in which Camden’s Latin Edition appeared; consequently, this survey must have been made before.[124a] Pennant, vol. 1.[124b] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 395.[124c] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 397.[125] A ploughland is nearly one hundred acres.[127] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 398.[131a] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 399.[131b] Although Pennant spells the second Cateli with two letters of T, yet it has been published by others with only one; and as the name in both instances refers to the same person, I have adopted the latter course.[132] Warrington, p. 87.[133a] Camden, p. 505.[133b] Wynne, p. 23.[138] Pennant, vol. 2, p. 80.[139a] Bala Pool.[139b] Camden’s Brit. p. 666.[146a] Wynne, p. 315.[146b] Wynne, p. 320.[147a] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 327.[147b] Wynne, p. 315.[148] About seven miles from Llangollen, and not far from Glyndyfrdwy, on the Corwen road, there is a meadow called “DÔl Benig,” or Head Meadow, where this scheme was practised.[149a] Camb. Trav. Guide, p. 324.[149b] Wynne, p. 316.[150] Wynne, p. 316.[151] Wynne, p. 316.[152a] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 331.[152b] Wynne, p. 317.[153] Camden, p. 625.[155] Pennant, vol. l, p. 328. Iolo Goch says—“Owen’s Palace had a gate-house; was surrounded with a moat; had nine halls, furnished with the wardrobes of his retainers; had a house adjoining, built of wood, and covered with tiles, designed for his guests. The office of porter was useless; locks and bolts were unknown; and no one could be hungry or dry at Sycharth.” So Mr. Pennant spells it.[156a] Wynne, p. 317. Pennant, vol. 1, p. 355.[156b] English Baronetage, vol. 1, p. 167.[158a] Wynne, p. 317.[158b] Wynne, p. 318. Pennant, vol. 1, p. 321.[159a] Wynne, p. 320.[159b] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 360.[161] Wynne, p. 321.[162a] Rapin’s England.[162b] Pennant.[165] Wynne, p. 319.[166] Wynne, p. 319. These rebellious practices of Glyndwr so exasperated King Henry against the Welch people, that he enacted laws which in effect took away all their liberties. They were rendered incapable of purchasing any lands, or of being elected Members of any county or borough; or of undertaking any office civil or military in any town incorporate. No Englishman could be convicted of any crime against a Welchman, but by an English judge and jury. An Englishman, by marrying a Welch woman, was deprived of all his privileges as an English subject. No Welchman could possess any castle or place of defence, or be supplied with victuals or armour, without a warrant from the King or from his Common Council. And further it was enacted that no Welchman should be capable of undertaking the office of Justice, Chamberlain, Sheriff, or other place of trust, in any part of Wales; notwithstanding any patent or license heretofore given to the contrary. With other rigorous and unjust laws, forbidding any Welchman from bringing up his children to learning, or binding them to any trade or occupation. Henry V. at his succession repealed these abominable laws.[167] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 371.[168] Hollinshead. Wynne, p. 319.[171] Cambr. Trav. Guide, p. 324.[172] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 331.[174] Wynne, p. 322.[176] Wynne, p. 322.[179] Pennant, vol. 1, p. 296.