Nesting boxes make their appeal to but a part of the birds of any community. These attract during the early spring and summer months. Many other species are worth having in our orchards and gardens for their songs and their activity in destroying insects and weed seeds. To these some other attraction than nesting boxes must be offered. Then again, many birds would spend a longer time with us if a certain food supply were assured them. A simple suet feeder is shown in Fig. 45. The birds cling to the chicken wire while eating. A feeding box for seed-eating birds is given in Fig. 46. Fig. 47 gives a shelf to be nailed to the sunny side of a building, while Fig. 48 shows a somewhat similar type to be fastened to a window sill, making it possible to observe the birds that come to dine. Birds that hesitate to come close to buildings may be attracted by the feeders set out in the open. Fig. 50 shows a feeder mounted on an iron pipe so it can be turned in any direction. This feeder has one end closed by a pane of glass, and is to be turned so that prevailing winds do not enter. Fig. 49 shows a feeding shelf for winter use which makes an acceptable robin nesting shelf in spring. In Fig. 53 is given a feeder mounted on a base with a vane so the adjustment takes place automatically. Figs. 51 and 52 show two food shelters considerably more difficult to construct. They have glass on all sides, and are open at the bottom so that birds can enter or leave at will. Fig. 30 shows a simple food shelter offering some protection against rain and snow, while a very attractive group of shelters are given in Figs. 54, 55, 56 and 57. If you look closely you may see "Mabel" in the right hand feeder in Fig. 54. The builder of these shelters found her so positive about her rights—since she discovered the food supply—that he has been obliged to put up the others to keep peace.

FIG. 45. (MARTIN HOUSE), (SUET FEEDER) FIG. 45.
(Click image for enlarged view.)

FIG. 46. (NESTING BOX FOR BLUEBIRDS), (FEEDING BOX) FIG. 46.
(Click image for enlarged view.)

FIG. 47. (FEEDING SHELF) FIG. 47.

FIG. 48. (WINDOW FOOD SHELTER) FIG. 48.

FIG. 49. ROBIN SHELF OR FEEDING SHELF. FIG. 49. ROBIN SHELF OR FEEDING SHELF.

FIG. 50. HILBERSDORFER FOOD HOUSE. FIG. 50. HILBERSDORFER FOOD HOUSE.

FIG. 51. (HOUSE FOR HOUSE FINCHES), (FOOD SHELTER HOUSE) FIG. 51.
(Click image for enlarged view.)

FIG. 52. (SHELTERED FOOD HOUSE) FIG. 52.
(Click image for enlarged view.)

FIG. 53. (ADJUSTABLE FOOD SHELTER) FIG. 53.

FIG. 54. (FOOD SHELTERS) FIG. 54.

FIG. 55. WHEN THE SHELTER IS MOST NEEDED. FIG. 55. WHEN THE SHELTER IS MOST NEEDED.

FIG. 56. BIRDS SHOULD FIND THESE FOOD SHELTERS BEFORE BAD WEATHER COMES. FIG. 56. BIRDS SHOULD FIND THESE FOOD SHELTERS BEFORE BAD WEATHER COMES.

FIG. 57. A "JAPANESE" EFFECT. FIG. 57. A "JAPANESE" EFFECT.

The window-sill lunch counter shown in Figs. 58 and 61 is a most effective way to study birds at close range. The window selected for this purpose should be on a quiet and sheltered side of the house if possible. If trees and shrubbery are near at hand birds are more likely to be attracted. Branches of thorn apples, alders and evergreens are fastened firmly to the window frames to dress the lunch counter on the outside while house plants or at least a curtain should be placed on the inside as a screen. Fig. 59 shows how particular varieties of birds may be attracted by offering favorite foods while Fig. 60 gives an idea of what kindness will do.

FIG. 58. THE BIRD WINDOW SEEN FROM INSIDE THE ROOM. FIG. 58. THE BIRD WINDOW SEEN FROM INSIDE THE ROOM.

FIG. 59. BLUEBIRDS ATTRACTED TO THE WINDOW SILL BY MEAL WORMS. FIG. 59. BLUEBIRDS ATTRACTED TO THE WINDOW SILL BY MEAL WORMS.

FIG. 60. A ROBIN ABOUT TO EAT FROM THE CHILDREN'S HANDS. FIG. 60. A ROBIN ABOUT TO EAT FROM THE CHILDREN'S HANDS.

FIG. 61. THE WINDOW-SILL LUNCH COUNTER FROM OUTSIDE. FIG. 61. THE WINDOW-SILL LUNCH COUNTER FROM OUTSIDE.

FOODS.

Food shelters become centers of interest in proportion to the number of birds attracted to them. The kind of food placed there determines in time the kind of birds that will be found frequenting them. Seed-eating birds are readily attracted by the use of small grains such as oats and wheat. However, every farmer finds a quantity of weed seeds upon cleaning his seed grain, which proves very acceptable to chickadees and blue jays. Bread crusts or crumbs, crackers and doughnuts may be placed in the food shelter with the knowledge that the birds will eat them. For those of the city who would need to buy seeds, it will be just as well to get hemp, millet, canary seed and sunflower seed, together with the small grains and cracked corn for foods. Suet, scraps of meat and various vegetable scraps, such as celery, lettuce, apples, raisins, and the berries of various bushes, if they can be obtained, are relished. Bluebirds seem fond of meal worms such as develop in old cereals. All birds require water and frequently suffer because this is not to be had. If it is possible to meet this need a great service is rendered. Finally, when the ground is snow covered, many birds appreciate a supply of sand and finely ground poultry grit. Many birds are lost each winter because of insufficient food during inclement weather, that if cared for would remain near neighbors in the summer to wage war upon insect pests.