Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law / Being an Essay Supplemental to (1) 'The English Village Community', (2) 'The Tribal System in Wales'

INDEX.

Frederic Seebohm

Aillts and Alltuds (strangers in blood) under Cymric law, 50, 51;
kindreds of, recognised at fourth generation, 52
Alamannic Laws, 172-178;
wergelds, 172-175;
value of animals, 178
Alcuin uses Roman currency, 19, 184
Alfred, K., his laws, 370-377, 392, 396;
compact with Guthrum, 352-355, 500
Alod of land, a family holding, 508;
Lex Salica ‘de alodis,’ 151;
Ripuarian law, 170;
Lex Angliorum et Werinorum, 226
Ancilla as currency, see ‘Cumhal’
Anglii and Werini, Laws of, 224-228;
Wergelds of liber 200 sol., 225;
triple wergeld of the Adaling, 225
Anglo-Saxon Custom, 321 et seq.;
from Norman point of view, 321-336;
from Danish point of view, 337-350;
from Viking or Northmen’s point of view, 351-368;
from early custom (Alfred’s Laws), 370-377;
Archbishop Egbert’s Dialogue, 377-385;
King Ine’s Dooms, 386-439;
Kentish Laws, 441-495;
Twelve-hynde and twy-hynde classes, 406-416;
Gesithcund and Ceorlisc classes, 417-436;
Six-hynde stranger class, 371, 392, 396;
position of wife, 326
Anglo-Saxon Wergelds, position of paternal and maternal parentes in payment of, 322, 323, 328, 358;
of thane or twelve-hynde man, 325;
of ‘freeman,’ Dane and English, 326, 349, 353-55;
of ‘cyrlisci vel villani,’ 328;
of ‘villanus et socheman’ in Danelaga, 331-332;
of ‘ceorl on gafol-land’ and Danish ‘lysing,’ 353, 355;
how paid, 329, 357-59
Animals, value of as currency:
Ripuarian, 171;
Saxon, 215, 217, 221;
Alamannic, 178;
Cymric cow 3 oz., 48, 49;
Irish bo 1 oz., 165
Fredus, payment for breach of king’s peace, equivalent to A.S. mundbryce or grithbryce, 488, 489
Freedman (libertus) under Frankish Law, 168-170, 199;
under Bavarian Law, 175;
under Kentish Law, 478, 484.
And see ‘LÆt’ and ‘Leysing’
Frisian Laws, 194-212;
wergeld of 160 sol., 167, 195, 201, 210;
ordeal under, 203-5
Frith, between Ethelred II. and Olaf, 349;
between Alfred and Guthrum, 352-355
Frostathing Law (Ancient Norse), 238-276.
See ‘Norse Tribal Custom’
Gafolgeldas, tenants on others’ land paying gafol to their lord, with twy-hynde wergelds, 353-355;
fighting in gafolgelda or gebur’s house, 394.
See ‘Twy-hynde’
Galanas (Cymric death fine or wergeld), 30;
liability of kindred for, 30-32;
method of payment, 42-46;
amount of, 46-49;
of non-tribesmen goes to the lord, 54
Gebur, tenant of a yardland doing work and paying gafol to lord for house and oxen, 422-429;
fighting in house of gafolgelda or gebur, 394
Gegildas (see ‘Congildones’) sureties in lieu of kinsmen, 323, 389;
hyndens of frith-gegildas in the city, 415
Gesithcund class, in direct service to the king and twelve-hynde, 366;
in landed position with five hides to king’s utware, 369;
forfeit land if they neglect the fyrd, 391;
in their connection with land, 417 et seq.;
sometimes evicted, 433
Grith, Danish for frith or peace, 344-348;
grithbryce of English and mundbryce of Kentish law the same, 346;
extent in area, 348;
in duration of time, 346;
of different moots, 345
Gulathing Law, oldest Norse law, 238-276.
See ‘Norse Tribal Custom’
Gwely (Cymric family holding of four generations), 21-30;
of non-tribesmen, 52
Halsfang, first part of wergeld paid to those ‘within the knee,’ 328, 329, 359
Hide in agriculture of four yardlands, 423;
Mr. Corbett on tribal hidage, 424;
in pastoral stage,
under Laws of Bretts and Scots, 318;
under Kentish custom, 465-466
Mercian law, fragments of, 360-369;
Mercian oaths, 360;
wergelds, 361;
rise of ceorl into thane, 366
Merovingian kings, currency of, mostly in gold tremisses, see ‘Currency’
Mina, gold value of normal wergeld, 4;
ancient Eastern of 100 staters, 2, 7;
of 200 gold solidi, 6;
Italica of 20 Roman ounces, 14, 491;
Attica of 16 Roman ounces, 16, 233
Mundbryce or mundbyrd of king, 346, 377, 451;
of various classes, 377;
in Kent, 346, 452, 460, 476, 481, 488
Norse tribal custom, 238-276;
personal rett, 240;
wergelds how reckoned and paid, 242-258;
wergeld of the hauld odalman or typical freeman, 96;
cows = 200 sol., 259;
gradations in rank, 260-270;
the leysing or freedman, 261-267;
odal-sharers of odal land, 271-276, 284, 504, 508
North peoples law, fragments of, 360-369;
wergelds in thrymsas (of 3d.), 363;
wergeld of ‘hold’ double that of Saxon thane, 363
Nova Moneta of Charlemagne, 11, 179-193, and see ‘Currency’
Ordeal in absence of oaths of kinsmen, 166, 403, 413, 499;
under Frisian law, 203-205
Ore or ounce of 20d.;
Merovingian = Roman ounce of 20 silver tremisses of 28·8 w.g. (1/12 lb. of 6912 w.g.), 10;
and so also Kentish scilling, 443-455;
Charlemagne’s and later Anglo-Saxon and Norman ore of 20 pence of 32 w.g. (1/12 lb. of 7680 w.g.), 11-13
Ore, Cnut’s of 16d. (1/15 Anglo-Saxon lb.), 306, 341;
divided by him into 20 smaller pence, 343;
used in Laws of Bretts and Scots, 306
Ore, Norse, of three ortugs = 1/12 of Roman lb. 6912 w.g., 234-237
Ortug, of Scandinavia, ? ounce = Greek stater, PRINTED BY
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