8.htm.html#p132" class="pginternal">132, 140– 142, 155, 162. Marked a semi-servile condition, 146, 326 Gafol-land, 137. See Geneat-land Gafol-gilder, payer of gafol or tribute, 145 Gafol-yrth, the ploughing of generally three acre strips and sowing by the gebur, from his own barn, and reaping and carrying of crop to lord's barn by way of rent; in 'Rectitudines,' 132–140; on Hysseburne Manor of King Alfred, 162; in South Germany in seventh century, 326 et seq. Possibly survival of the agrarium or tenth of produce on Roman provincial tithe lands, 399–403 Gavael, the tribal homestead and holding in N. Wales, 200–202 Gavelkind, Irish gabal-cined, distinguished by equal division among heirs, 220, 352 Gebur, villanus proper, or owner of a yard-land normally of thirty acres with outfit of two oxen and seed, in 'Rectitudines,' 131–133. His services described, 131–133, and 137–143; his gafol and week-work in respect of yard-land, 142; his outfit or 'setene,' 133, 143; in laws of Ine, 147. Services and gafol on Tidenham Manor of King Edwy, 154. In High German 'Gebur and Gipur' = vicinus, 394, and compare 278 Gedal-land, land divided into strips (Laws of Ine), 110. See Doles Geneat, a wide term covering all tenants in villenage, 129, 137, 154. Servile condition of, liable to have life taken by lord, 146 Geneat-land, land in villenage as opposed to 'thane's inland,' or land in demesne, 116. Sometimes called 'gesettes-land' and 'gafol-land, 128, 150; 'gyrds of gafol-land,' 150 Geset-land, land set or let out to husbandmen, 128. See 'Geneat-land' Gored Acres, strips in open fields pointed at one end, 6, 20; in Saxon open fields, 108 Gwely, the Welsh family couch (lectus), also a name for a family holding, 195; in Record of Carnarvon, 194 Gwentian Code, of South Wales. See 'Wales, Ancient Laws of' Gwestva, food rent of Welsh tribesmen, and tunc pound in lieu of it, 195; early evidence of, in Ine's laws, 209–213 Gyrd (a rod-virga) Gyrdland. See Yardland. See 169–172 Ham (hem, heim, haim), in Saxon, like 'tun,' generally = villa or manor, 126, 254. A private estate with a village community in serfdom upon it, 127. Geographical distribution of suffix, 255
80. The English system, the three-field system, i.e., in three fields, representing three-course rotation of crops, 11. Traced back in Winslow manor rolls (Ed. III.), 20 et seq.; in Gloucester and Worcester surveys, 55; Battle Abbey and St. Paul's records, 49; Newminster and Kelso records, 60; Boldon Book, 68; Liber Niger of Peterborough, 72. Summary of post-Domesday evidence, 76. Prevalence in Saxon times, shown by use of the word Æcera, 106, and by occurrence of gored acres, head-lands, furlongs, linces, &c., in the boundaries appended to charters, 108. Evidence of division of fields into acre strips in seventh century in Laws of Ine, 109–110. Holdings in hides, half-hides and yard-lands, 110–117. Scattering of strips in a holding the result of co-operative ploughing, 117–125. The three-field system would grow out of the simple form of tribal system, by addition of rotation of crops in three courses, settlement, and serfdom, 368–370. Welsh open-field system, 181, 213, with division into 'erws,' or acres, 119. Scattering of strips in a holding arising from co-aration, 121. The system 'co-aration of the waste,' i.e. of grass land which went back into grass, 192, 227, 244, 251. Like that of the Germania of Tacitus, 369, 412. No fixed 'yard-lands' or rotation of crops, 251, 413. Irish and Scotch open-field system like the Welsh; modern remains of, in Rundale or Run-rig system, 214–231. German open-field systems, 369–411; different kinds of, Feldgraswirthschaft resembling that described by Tacitus and Welsh 'co-aration of waste,' 371. One-field system of N. Germany, 372–373. Forest and marsh system, 372. Three-field system in S. Germany, 373. Comparison of, with English, and connexion with Roman province, 375–409. Absent from N. Germany, and so could not have been introduced into England by the Saxon invaders, 373, 409, 411. Rotation of crops, perhaps of Roman introduction, 410, 411. Wide prevalence of forms of open-field system, 249. Description of, in Palestine, 314. Mention of, by Siculus Flaccus, 278. Possibly in use on Roman tithe lands, 315. Remains of the simple tribal form of, in modern rundale or run-rig of Ireland and Scotland, quite distinct from the remains of the three-field form in England, 437–439. Described by Tusser as uneconomical, 17, and by Arthur Young, 16 ParangariÆ, extra carrying services, see 'angariÆ' Paraveredi, extra post-horses (see Roman 'sordida mun
|
  |
