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FOOTNOTES:

[1] The poet invokes the spirit that animated the ancient Scottish minstrels, whose songs were usually accompanied by the music of the harp.

[2] Called also the “wizard elm,” because forked twigs from the tree were used as divining rods.

[3] A Scotch abbot of the seventh century.

[4] The Romans gave the name Caledonia to that part of Scotland north of the Clyde and Forth.

[5] St. Monan was a Scotch monk of the fourth century. The rill cannot be identified.

[6] See map, p. 2.

[7] For the meaning of technical terms, colloquialisms, and unusual words not to be found in a school dictionary, see Glossary at the end of volume.

[8] The heath or heather is a small ever-green shrub very common in the Scottish Highlands.

[9] The head of a stag is said to be beamed after its fourth-year horns appear.

[10] “Tainted gale,” i.e., the wind scented with the odor of the pursuers.

[11] See map, p. 2.

[12] A pack of hounds is said to "open" when the dogs begin to bark, upon recovering the scent or catching sight of the game.

[13] A confused or boisterous gathering.

[14] Sight.

[15] A deep pool.

[16] Severely.

[17] Or Monteith, a picturesque district of Scotland watered by the river Teith.

[18] An estate about two miles from Callander on the wooded banks of the Keltie.

[19] Bridge.

[20] Spur.

[21] Thicket; underbrush.

[22] The trunk of a tree.

[23] Ben Venue.

[24] “Turn to bay,” i.e., to face an antagonist, when escape is no longer possible.

[25] “The Trosachs” is the name now applied to the valley between Lochs Katrine and Achray.

[26] Echoed back their barks or chidings.

[27] In.

[28] The river which flows through Paris, France.

[29] Be to (from the old verb worthen, “to become”).

[30] “Hied his way,” i.e., hastened.

[31] “The western waves,” etc., i.e., the horizontal rays of the setting sun.

[32] Isolated.

[33] The Tower of Babel (see Gen. xi. 1-9).

[34] The many-storied tower-like temples of the Chinese and Hindoos are called “pagodas.” About each story there is a balcony decorated with pendants or numerous projecting points or crests.

[35] Bright.

[36] Kind; bountiful.

[37] The trembling poplar, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.

[38] Careful.

[39] A bushy shrub common in western Europe.

[40] Used adverbially.

[41] “Little Mountain,” east of Loch Katrine.

[42] The first canonical hour of the day in the Catholic Church, beginning properly at midnight. Here referring to the striking of the hour by the "cloister" bell.

[43] “Drop a bead,” i.e., say a prayer. The rosary used by Catholics is a string of beads by which count may be kept of the prayers recited.

[44] Happen; befall.

[45] (Na´yad.) In classic mythology, one of the lower female deities who presided over lakes, streams, and fountains, as the Nymphs presided over mountains, forests, and meadows.

[46] The Graces were in classic mythology three lovely sisters who attended Apollo and Venus.

[47] A band used by Scottish maidens to bind the hair.

[48] (Played.) Several yards’ length of usually checkered woolen cloth called "tartan," which the Scottish Highlanders of both sexes wound about their bodies, and which formed a characteristic feature of their national costume.

[49] Boat.

[50] Trim or arrange.

[51] Of wisdom.

[52] Need of food.

[53] Bewildered.

[54] Heather, of which the Highlanders’ rude couches were made.

[55] (TÄr´mi-gan.) The white grouse.

[56] Lake.

[57] Crucifix or cross of Christ.

[58] “Vision’d future,” i.e., visions of the future.

[59] Lincoln green is a kind of cloth made in Lincoln.

[60] “Fair degree,” i.e., high rank.

[61] Wandering.

[62] True.

[63] “High emprise,” i.e., dangerous adventures.

[64] “IdÆan vine,” i.e., a translation of the Latin name of the red whortleberry, Vitis IdÆa; but this is a shrub, and could not be “taught to twine.”

[65] Which could.

[66] Small shield.

[67] Hangings used to decorate the walls of a room.

[68] Endure.

[69] Ferragus and Ascabart were two giants of romantic fable. The former appears in Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso; the latter in the History of Bevis of Hampton. His effigy may be seen guarding the gate at Southampton.

[70] Dame Margaret was Roderick Dhu’s mother, but had acted as mother to Ellen, and held a higher place in her affections than the ties of blood would warrant.

[71] Bitterest.

[72] An old name of Stirling Castle.

[73] Fitz means “son” in Norman French.

[74] “By the misfortunes of the earlier Jameses and the internal feuds of the Scottish chiefs, the kingly power had become little more than a name.”

[75] Knows.

[76] A half-brother of James V. (James Fitz-James).

[77] Hilly or undulating land.

[78] Refreshing.

[79] The Highlanders’ battle air, played upon the bagpipes.

[80] Untilled land.

[81] A kind of heron said to utter a loud and peculiar booming note.

[82] (Re-val´ye.) The morning call to soldiers to arise.

[83] A mailed glove used by warriors in the middle ages to protect their hands from wounds.

[84] Repeated.

[85] A small European song bird.

[86] (Mat´in.) Pertaining to the morning.

[87] Highland chieftains often retained in their service a bard or minstrel, who was well versed not only in the genealogy and achievements of the particular clan or family to which he was attached, but in the more general history of Scotland as well.

[88] Ranged in order of battle.

[89] Recompense.

[90] Of ducks.

[91] The ancient and powerful family of Graham of Dumbarton and Stirling supplied some of the most remarkable characters in Scottish annals.

[92] Long ago.

[93] A Scotch abbot of the seventh century.

[94] Bothwell Castle on the Clyde, nine miles from Glasgow, was the principal seat of the Earls of Angus, the elder branch of the Douglas family, until 1528, when James V. escaped from his virtual imprisonment by Angus acting as regent, and drove the Douglases into exile, confiscating their estates (See Introduction).

[95] Bagpipe.

[96] The river Tweed is on the southern boundary of Scotland. The Spey is a river of the extreme north.

[97] Snatch away.

[98] Beguiled.

[99] The Bleeding Heart was the cognizance of the Douglas family in memory of the heart of Bruce, which that monarch on his deathbed bequeathed to James Douglas, that he might carry it upon a crusade to the Holy City.

[100] A rustic Highland dance which takes its name from the strath or broad valley of the Spey.

[101] “The Scottish Highlander calls himself Gael, and terms the Lowlanders Sassenach or Saxons.”

[102] Gregor, the progenitor of the clan MacGregor, was supposed to be the son of a Scotch King Alpine: hence the MacGregors are sometimes called MacAlpines.

[103] The district lying south of Loch Lomond.

[104] Dhu in Gaelic.

[105] “In Holy-Rood,” i.e., in the very presence of royalty. Holyrood was the King’s palace in Edinburgh.

[106] A person who had been outlawed, or declared without the protection of the law, could not bring an action at law. Any one could steal his property, or even kill him, without fear of legal punishment.

[107] Reward.

[108] Roderick and Ellen, being cousins, could not marry without dispensation, or special license from the Pope.

[109] Shields.

[110] Kilmaronock, a village about two miles southeast of Loch Lomond, has a chapel or convent dedicated to St. Maronnan, of whom little is remembered.

[111] “I grant him,” i.e., I grant that he is.

[112] A cascade on the Keltie.

[113] Unless.

[114] Quenched.

[115] Archibald Douglas, so called because so many of his enterprises ended in tine (or “distress”). After being defeated by Harry Hotspur at Homildon Hill in 1402, he joined Hotspur in his rebellion against Henry IV., and in the following year was with him disastrously defeated at Shrewsbury.

[116] The Celtic festival celebrated about the 1st of May.

[117] A species of grass.

[118] A promontory on the north bank of Loch Katrine.

[119] The badge or crest of the MacGregors.

[120] Gay.

[121] Scotch caps.

[122] Ribbons attached to the chanters or tubes of a bagpipe for decoration.

[123] Chorus.

[124] (BÛr´jun.) Sprout.

[125] Again.

[126] Black Roderick, a descendant of Alpine.

[127] The district north of Loch Lomond.

[128] A valley and localities about Loch Lomond.

[129] A valley and localities about Loch Lomond.

[130] Battle cry.

[131] A valley and localities about Loch Lomond.

[132] A valley and localities about Loch Lomond.

[133] The battle flag which Earl Douglas won from Hotspur atNewcastle in 1388.

[134] A crescent was one of the badges of the Percies.

[135] An abbey near Bothwell Castle.

[136] Causes to seem poor.

[137] Hawks or falcons were trained to pursue small game during the middle ages. When not in flight, they were usually blinded by means of a hood adorned with little bells.

[138] Ellen, surrounded by the hounds and with the falcon on her hand, is likened to Diana, the goddess of the chase, in Greek mythology.

[139] “Royal ward,” i.e., under the guardianship of the King, Douglas’s chief enemy.

[140] Feud.

[141] Flattering.

[142] See Introduction, p. 13.

[143] A tributary of the river Tweed, on the Scottish Border.

[144] A tributary of the river Tweed, on the Scottish Border.

[145] Hillsides.

[146] A tributary of the river Tweed, on the Scottish Border.

[147] A tributary of the river Tweed, on the Scottish Border.

[148] A sheep pasture.

[149] “Your counsel,” etc., i.e., I would have your advice in the emergency I indicate.

[150] See Note [99], p. 55.

[151] Enough.

[152] The windings of the river Forth: hence the inhabitants of that region.

[153] Stirling Castle, on the Forth, below the junction of the Frith, was a favorite residence of the Scottish kings.

[154] The startled dreamer.

[155] “Battled fence,” i.e., battlemented rampart.

[156] Astounded.

[157] Conflicting.

[158] “Checker’d shroud,” i.e., his tartan plaid.

[159] Rocky highland or mountain.

[160] An officer or secretary who attended closely on the chieftain (from hengst, or “horseman,” i.e., groom).

[161] Passport.

[162] See Note [166], p. 78.

[163] “Ventures happ’d,” i.e., adventures which happened.

[164] Those who.

[165] “What time,” i.e., when.

[166] When a chieftain wished to assemble his clan suddenly, he sent out a swift and trusty messenger, bearing a symbol, called the Fiery Cross, consisting of a rough wooden cross the charred ends of which had been quenched in the blood of a goat. All members of the clan who saw this symbol, and who were capable of bearing arms, were obliged to appear in arms forthwith at the appointed rendezvous. Arrived at the next hamlet, the messenger delivered the symbol and the name of the rendezvous to the principal personage, who immediately forwarded them by a fresh messenger. In this way the signal for gathering was disseminated throughout the territory of a large clan in a surprisingly short space of time.

[167] The ritual or religious ceremony with which the Fiery Cross was made.

[168] Mountain ash.

[169] “Frock and hood,” i.e., the usual garments of monks or hermits.

[170] “That monk,” etc., i.e., the impending danger ... had drawn that monk, etc.

[171] A mountain near the head of Loch Lomond.

[172] The Druids were the priests among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul and Britain. They worshiped in forests, regarded oaks and mistletoe as sacred, and offered human sacrifices.

[173] Sheep pen.

[174] Bird.

[175] Black letter, the name of the Old English or modern Gothic letters used in old manuscript and early printed books.

[176] Mysteries.

[177] A malicious spirit supposed by the superstitious Scotch people to inhabit lakes and rivers, and to forebode calamity.

[178] A fairy supposed to indicate coming death or disaster by her lamentations.

[179] Sounds of the same foreboding character.

[180] Curse.

[181] The ritual referred to in Canto III. was all prepared.

[182] About eighteen inches.

[183] The Isles of Nuns in Loch Lomond, and place of burial of the descendants of MacGregor.

[184] Struck.

[185] “Scalp,” etc., i.e., summit the accents heard.

[186] Scorched; charred.

[187] Upon the recreant who failed to respond to the “dread sign” of the Fiery Cross.

[188] A ravine of Benvenue supposed to be haunted by evil spirits.

[189] The Pass of the Cattle, above Coir-Uriskin.

[190] A meadow at the western end of Loch Vennachar.

[191] The shoes or buskins of the Highlanders were made of this hide.

[192] Hunting.

[193] State of mind.

[194] Bushy.

[195] An estate between Lochs Achray and Vennachar.

[196]The Scottish wail or song over the dead.

[197] Full bloom.

[198] The side of a hill which the game usually frequents.

[199] Trouble.

[200] The name of a dog.

[201] Behest; summons.

[202] The valley in which Loch Lubnaig lies.

[203] Season.

[204] Tombea and Armandave are names of neighboring farmsteads.

[205] Tombea and Armandave are names of neighboring farmsteads.

[206] Those composing the bridal procession.

[207] Not knowing.

[208] Blaze of the heather, which is often set on fire by the shepherds to facilitate a growth of young herbage for the sheep.

[209] Noise; bustle.

[210] A powerful Lowland family (see Note [91], p. 52).

[211] A powerful Lowland family (see Note [91], p. 52).

[212] A castle in the Forth valley (see map, p. 2).

[213] A castle in the Forth valley (see map, p. 2).

[214] A castle in the Forth valley (see map, p. 2).

[215] See Note [188], p. 87.

[216] Stillness.

[217] Silvan deities of Greek mythology, with head and body of a man and legs of a goat.

[218] Stops; checks.

[219] Hail, Mary! The beginning of the Roman Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary.

[220] “Down of eider,” i.e., the soft breast feathers of the eider duck.

[221] Wild.

[222] “Boune” itself means “ready” in Scotch: hence its use here is tautology.

[223] “Inured to bide,” etc., i.e., accustomed to endure privations, the warrior may withstand the coming storm.

[224] Command; order.

[225] An old Highland mode of “reading the future.” “A person was wrapped up in the skin of a newly slain bullock, and deposited beside a waterfall, or at the bottom of a precipice, or in some other strange, wild, and unusual situation. In this situation he revolved in his mind the question proposed, and whatever was impressed upon him by his exalted imagination passed for the inspiration of the disembodied spirits who haunt the desolate recesses.”—Scott.

[226] South of Loch Lomond.

[227] Foot soldiers.

[228] Without injury.

[229] Cut up.

[230] Emblazoned.

[231] A sword.

[232] Black band in the coat of arms of the Earls of Mar.

[233] Loch Earn region.

[234] Foundation.

[235] “Red streamers,” etc., i.e., the aurora borealis.

[236] Trusted.

[237] An abbey or church. This abbey is not far from Stirling.

[238] Presage.

[239] Prophetic.

[240] Deceive.

[241] Song thrush.

[242] Blackbird.

[243] Open country.

[244] A rich fabric.

[245] In the dark.

[246] Fur of the squirrel.

[247] Coarse homespun cloth.

[248] The clothing of a hunter.

[249] Dwelt.

[250] Kindred.

[251] Knew.

[252] A town in Fifeshire, thirteen miles northwest of Edinburgh, the residence of the early Scottish kings. Its Abbey of the Gray Friars was the royal burial place.

[253] Boundary; stream.

[254] Harm.

[255] Foot soldier. Referring to the treacherous guide, Red Murdoch (see Stanza VII. p. 109).

[256] Danger.

[257] Artifice.

[258] As if.

[259] Take heed.

[260] Garments.

[261] Awry; confused.

[262] A beautiful stream which joins the Forth near Stirling.

[263] A beautiful stream which joins the Forth near Stirling.

[264] “Pitching the bar” was a favorite athletic sport in Scotland.

[265] Fatten.

[266] Having antlers with ten branches.

[267] “The hunters are Clan-Alpine’s men; the stag of ten is Fitz-James; the wounded doe is herself!”—Taylor.

[268] Penalty.

[269] Wet.

[270] Avenge.

[271] Troops.

[272] Midsummer heat.

[273] Loose from the leash.

[274] See Stanza VI. p. 109.

[275] Safeguard.

[276] Eat hastily.

[277] Pebbles.

[278] Moist.

[279] Declare yourself to be.

[280] Duke of Albany (See Introduction, p. 12, and Stanza VI).

[281] Imprisoned.

[282] That period of Scottish history from the battle of Flodden to the majority of James V. was full of disorder and violence.

[283] Robbed.

[284] “Good faith,” i.e., in good faith.

[285] Flashed.

[286] Flow.

[287] Katrine, Achray, and Vennachar.

[288] The eagle, with wings displayed and a thunderbolt in one of its talons, was the ensign of the Roman legions. Ancient earthworks near Bochastle are thought to date back to the Roman occupation of Britain.

[289] Without advantage.

[290] Complete.

[291] Strongholds.

[292] In France.

[293] Spur.

[294] About a mile from the mouth of Lake Vennachar.

[295] Spurred.

[296] “Bride of Heaven,” i.e., a nun.

[297] William, eighth earl of Douglas, was stabbed by James II. while in Stirling Castle, and under royal safe-conduct.

[298] “Heading Hill,” where executions took place.

[299] A church of the Franciscans or Gray Friars was built near the castle, in 1494, by James IV.

[300] The morris dance was of Moorish origin, and brought from Spain to England, where it was combined with the national Mayday games. The dress of the dancers was adorned with party-colored ribbons, and little bells were attached to their anklets, armlets, or girdles. The dancers often personated various fictitious characters.

[301] Every borough had its solemn play or festival, where archery, wrestling, hurling the bar, and other athletic exercises, were engaged in.

[302] Strong.

[303] A small Spanish horse.

[304] Like Henry VIII. in England, and Louis XI. in France, James V. had checked the lawless nobles, and favored the commons or burghers.

[305] In clothing of varied form and color.

[306] A renowned English outlaw and robber, supposed to have lived at the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth century, and to have frequented Sherwood Forest. Characters representing him and his followers were often introduced into the popular games.

[307] All six were followers of Robin Hood.

[308] The usual prize to the best shooter was a silver arrow.

[309] A simple, ordinary archer.

[310] The throw made by Douglas.

[311] A point from which the ladies of the court viewed the games.

[312] Surrounded.

[313] As you value.

[314] Wrongly, mistakenly proud.

[315] Disorder.

[316] A village on the Clyde.

[317] Knighthood was conferred by a slight blow with the flat of a sword on the back of the kneeling candidate.

[318] Ward off.

[319] Fickle.

[320] Crest; livery.

[321] Monarchs frequently applied this epithet to their noblemen, even when no blood relationship existed.

[322] The Douglas who was stabbed by James II.

[323] Wretched, unfortunate man.

[324] Armor and other accouterments of war.

[325] James V. was the first to increase the army furnished by the nobles and their vassals by the addition of a small number of mercenaries.

[326] A native of Switzerland.

[327] An inhabitant of Flanders, as Belgium was then called.

[328] Holiday.

[329] Poacher.

[330] War.

[331] Paul.

[332] Severe.

[333] A leathern beer jug.

[334] Spanish wine.

[335] “Upsees out,” i.e., in the Dutch fashion, or deeply.

[336] Name for Satan.

[337] Another name for Satan.

[338] “Placket and pot,” i.e., women and wine.

[339] A royal forest in Staffordshire.

[340] Tullibardine was an old seat of the Murrays in Perthshire.

[341] In the days of chivalry any oppressed “damosel” could obtain redress by applying to the court of the nearest king, where some knight became her champion.

[342] Undertaking.

[343] Prison.

[344] Doctor.

[345] Prow.

[346] Stranded.

[347] The Campbell clan. The Clan-Alpine, or the MacGregors, and the Campbells, were hereditary enemies.

[348] The sea eagle or osprey.

[349] Wearing defensive armor.

[350] Order of battle.

[351] Advance.

[352] A circle of sportsmen surrounding a large space, which was gradually narrowed till the game it inclosed was brought within reach.

[353] Flowing back.

[354] A bonnet piece is an elegant gold coin, bearing on one side the head of James V. wearing a bonnet.

[355] The region bordering Loch Tay.

[356] Stained or painted to form pictures illustrating history.

[357] Supported.

[358] Fanciful; imaginary.

[359] Presence chamber of the King.

[360] James V. was accustomed to make personal investigation of the condition of his people. The name he generally assumed when in disguise was "Laird of Ballingeich."

[361] Successful issue.

[362] Returning to the hive.

Transcriber's Notes:

The TABLE OF CONTENTS at the beginning was created for this version. It was not present in the original.

The FOOTNOTES have been moved from the bottoms of pages to the end of the book, to avoid clutter.

Links from footnotes to other footnotes have been renamed to reflect the numbering in this version. E.g. See Note 1, p. 55. becomes See Note [99], p. 55.

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