  LECTURE X.
Early Architecture in Great Britain. | | Review of the developments in the early Architecture of our own land—Recent research in Central Syria—Examples in Northern Europe previous to the eleventh century—Early remains in Scotland and Ireland—Anglo-Saxon Architecture—Churches founded by St. Augustine—Canterbury and York—Churches at Hexham and Ripon—Ramsey Abbey—Winchester Cathedral—Destruction of Churches by Sweyn—Restoration and building by Canute—Roman models—Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon work—Brixworth Church, Northamptonshire Church on the Castlehill, Dover—Worth Church, Sussex—Bradford Church, Wilts—Chancel of Saxon Church at Jarrow-on-the-Tyne—Churches of Monk Wearmouth and Stow—Crypts at Wing, Repton, and Lastingham—Towers of St. Benet’s, Cambridge: Trinity Church, Colchester: Earls Barton: Barnach: Barton-on-Humber—Sompting, Sussex: and Clapham, Bedfordshire—Chapel at Greensted, Essex—Classification into periods of this form of Architecture | Page1 | LECTURE XI.
Early Architecture in Great Britain—continued. | | Architecture of the Normans—St. Stephen’s at Caen—Canterbury Cathedral modelled on that of St. Stephen’s—Description of the Norman church built by the Confessor at Westminster before the Conquest—Instances of Anglo-Saxon architecture being used after the Conquest—Characteristics of the Norman style—Varieties of combination—Doors, windows, archways, arcades, and vaulting—Minor details—Mechanical ideal of a great Norman church—Vast scale and number of works undertaken by the early Norman builders | Page60 | LECTURE XII.
Early Architecture in Great Britain—continued. | | Chapel of St. John, Tower of London—St. Alban’s Abbey—St. Stephen’s at Caen—Cathedrals of Winchester, Ely, London, Rochester, and Norwich—Abbey Church at Bury St. Edmund’s—Gloucester Cathedral—Tewkesbury Abbey—Cathedrals of Worcester and Durham—Waltham Abbey—Christchurch, Hants | Page92 | LECTURE XIII.
The Practical and Artistic Principles of Early Architecture in Great Britain. | | The close of the eleventh century—The “new manner of building”—Conditions necessary to an arcuated, as distinguished from a trabeated, style—First principles of Grecian and Roman architecture—Rationale of the arcuated style—Its developments—Cloisters of St. Paul without the Walls and St. John Lateran, Rome—Doorways—Windows—Vaulting over spaces enclosed by walls or ranges of piers—Simplest elements defined—Barrel-vaults—Hemispherical vaults or domes—Groined vaults | Page133 | LECTURE XIV.
The Principles of Vaulting. | | Vaulting of spaces of other forms than the mere square—Apsidal aisles, St. John’s Chapel, Tower, and St. Bartholomew’s Church, Smithfield—Chapter-house and crypt, Worcester—Round-arched vaulting in its most normal form, as resulting from the barrel vault and its intersections—Short digression on another simple form of vault, the dome—“Domed up” vaults—“Welsh” groining—The square or polygonal dome—The Round-arched style of the twelfth century almost perfect—First introduction of the Pointed arch into vaulting—Names of the parts of groined vaulting—Two specimens in London of the apsidal aisle, one in the Round-arched, the other in the Pointed-arched style—Vaulting a polygon with a central pillar—Ploughshare vaulting—The artistic sentiment and character of early Gothic vaulting | Page161 | LECTURE XV.
The Principles of Vaulting—continued. | | Certain practical points concerning vaulting—Ribs of early and late vaulting—Filling in of intermediate surfaces or cells—Methods adopted in France and England—Sexpartite vaulting—Crypt of Glasgow Cathedral—Choir at Lincoln—Chapter-house, Lichfield—Caudebec, Normandy—Octagonal kitchen of the Monastery, Durham—Lady Chapel, Salisbury—Segmental vaulting—Temple Church—Lady Chapel, St. Saviour’s, Southwark—Westminster Abbey—Intermediate ribs—Presbytery at Ely—Chapter-houses of Chester and Wells—Exeter Cathedral—Cloisters, Westminster—“Liernes”—Ely Cathedral—Chancel, Nantwich Church—Crosby Hall and Eltham Palace—Choir at Gloucester—Winchester Cathedral—Fan-vaulting—Cloisters at Gloucester—King’s College Chapel, Cambridge—Divinity Schools, Oxford—Roof of Henry VII.’s Chapel, Westminster—Ideal of its design | Page190 | LECTURE XVI.
The Dome. | | Non-existence of the Dome in our old English architecture—Highly developed forms in France, Germany, and Italy, contemporary with our great MediÆval edifices—Suggestions for its introduction into our revived and redeveloped Neo-mediÆval style—So-called Tomb of Agamemnon at MycenÆ—The Pantheon—Temple of Minerva Medica—Torre dei Schiavi—Temples of Vesta at Rome and Tivoli—Temple of Jupiter in Diocletian’s Palace, Spalatro—Tomb of St. Constantia—Baptistery at Nocera—Baptistery at Ravenna—Important domical development—“Pendentive Domes”—Early specimens—Pendentive domes the special characteristic of the Byzantine style—How this originated—Further domical developments—Cathedral at Florence—Churches of SS. Sergius and Bacchus, the Apostles, and St. Sophia, Constantinople | Page228 | LECTURE XVII.
The Dome—continued. | | St. Irene, Constantinople—Church o
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