  (Of the words here explained, only the meaning or meanings are given, attached to them in this book.) agama buda—lit. Buddhist creed; in native parlance, however, the word includes every pre-Muhammadan religion. aksara—character representing a Javanese consonant. aloon aloon—square or outer court before the dwelling of a native prince or chief. ampilan—articles of virtu belonging to a royal family, emblems of royalty. amrita—immortality, all-light; rejuvenating nectar of the gods. api—fire. apsara—heavenly nymph, produced by the churning of the ocean and living in the sky; spouse of a gandharva. arahat—he who has become worthy. astana—abode of some exalted personage. avatar—descent of a deity from heaven to assume a visible form on earth; incarnation of a god, especially of Vishnu. babad—chronicle. banaspati (wanaspati)—conventional lion’s (or tiger’s) head, a frequently occurring motive in the ornament of Javanese temples. banjir—freshet. batik—the art of dyeing woven goods by dipping them in successive baths of the required colour, the parts to be left undyed being protected by applying a mixture of beeswax and resin. batu (watu)—stone. bedoyo—young female or male dancer of noble birth at the Courts of Surakarta and Jogjakarta. bikshu—Buddhist mendicant monk. bolook—squirrel of the Pteromys nitidus and Pteromys elegans variety. boreh—preparation of turmeric and coconut-oil used in sacrifice and acts of adoration. bupati—regent. chaitya—place deserving worship or reverence. chakra—disk, wheel. champaka—tree, Michelia Champaca L., fam. Magnoliaceae, with sweet-smelling flowers. chandi—any monument of Hindu or Buddhist origin. dagob—structure raised over a relic of the Buddha or a Buddhist saint. dalam—lit. inside; private apartments of a royal palace or the dwelling of a chief. dessa—village. dzikr—lit. remembrance; invocation of God. gamelan—native orchestra. gandharva—heavenly singer, whose especial duty it is to guard the soma, to regulate the course of the sun’s horses, etc. gardu—guard-house. garebeg besar—feast of the sacrifice (id al-qorban). garebeg mulood—feast of the Prophet’s birth (maulid). garebeg puasa—feast of the breaking of the fast (id al-fitr). garuda—mythical monster-bird, enemy of the serpent-race; bearer of Vishnu. grobak—cart. gunoong—mountain. guru—teacher. hadat—usage, traditional custom. haji—one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca. hinayanistic—pertaining to the canon of the southern Buddhist church or doctrine of the Lesser Vehicle. inya—nurse, maid, waiting-woman. ishta devata—pre-eminent god chosen for particular worship. jaman (zaman) buda—lit. the time of the Buddha, pre-Muhammadan days. jataka—birth, nativity; jataka-tales: stories connected with the birth and life of the Buddha in one of his successive existences on earth. kabayan—chief of a community. kakÈh—old man, grandfather. kala—time as the destroyer of all things, the bringer of death; destiny. kali—river. kamboja—tree, Plumeria acutifolia Poir., fam. Apocynaceae, often found in cemeteries, the sweet-smelling flowers of which are much used in funeral rites. kampong—group of native dwellings. kananga—tree, Cananga odorata Hook. f. et Th., fam. Anonaceae, with sweet-smelling flowers. kanari—tree, Canarium commune L., fam. Burseraceae, frequently met in gardens and planted along roads for its shade. kanjeng goosti—a high title of honour. kantil—flower of the champaka. kedaton—that part of a princely residence occupied by its owner, his wives, concubines and children. kembang telon—flowers of sacrifice, especially melati, kananga and kantil. ketÈq—monkey. kidool—south. kinnari—bird-people. kitab—book. klenteng—Chinese temple, joss-house. krakal (ngrakal)—hard labour in the chain-gang. kramat—holy grave. kraton—residence of a reigning native prince. kulon—west. kurang wang—lacking money. lakon—Javanese drama. legÈn—a liquor prepared by fermentation of the sap drawn from some trees of the palm family. linga—male organ of generation, emblem of Siva’s fructifying power. lontar—high-growing tree, Borassus flabelliformis L., fam. Palmae, with large fan-like leaves. lor—north. loro—a title designating a lady of very high birth. machan—tiger. mahayanistic—pertaining to the canon of the northern Buddhist church or doctrine of the Greater Vehicle. makara—a mythical sea-monster. makuta—head-dress, crown, crest. mantri—in Malay countries a native official of high rank; minister of state, councillor; in Java a native official of lower rank. maryam—cannon. mas—lit. gold; title given to native noblemen and also, in courteous address, to commoners. mboq—title given to women in courteous address. melati—shrub, Jasminum Sambac Ait., fam. Oleaceae, with sweet- and rather strong-smelling flowers. meliwis—a kind of duck. mesdjid—mosque. murid—disciple. naga—serpent. narasinha—man-lion. negri jawa—country of the Javanese, Java. nirvana—extinction of existence, the highest aim and highest good. oombool—source, well. oorna—tuft or bunch of hair between the Buddha’s eyebrows. orang kechil—lit. the little men, the lower classes. orang slam—Muhammadan. orang wolanda—Hollander. padi—rice in the hull. padmasana—lotus cushion or seat. padri—one of a sect which, in the manner of the Wahabites, tried to rouse the Muhammadans of the Padang Highlands in Sumatra to more orthodox zeal. paman—uncle on the father’s side; appellation used in respectful address of any senior in years. panakawan—page, follower, retainer. panchuran—water-conduit. pangeran—prince. pantoon—old and still very popular form of native poetry. pasangan—character representing a Javanese consonant in the place or (generally modified) form which marks the vowelless sound of the preceding one. pasangrahan—rest-house for officials on their tours of inspection. pasar—market. payoong—sunshade. pendopo—open audience-hall in the dwellings of the great. prabha—light, radiance, aureole. pulu—island. puri—name of the princely residences in Bali and Lombok. pusaka—heirloom. raden—title of nobility. raksasa—evil spirit, ogre, generally of hideous appearance though the female (raksasi) sometimes allures man by her beauty; raksasas do service as doorkeepers at the entrances of some Javanese chandis. ratu—title for royal personages; king, queen. recho (rejo)—any sort of statue. sakti—personification of the energy or active power of a deity as his spouse; a god’s female complement. sangharama—endowed convent. sanka—conch-shell blown as a horn. sankara—auspicious; causation of happiness. saptaratna—the seven treasures. sasrahan—wedding-present. satrya—noble knight. sawah—watered ricefield. selir—wife of lower degree than the padmi or first legitimate spouse. sembah—v. salute; n. (persembah’an) salutation. slamat (salamat)—success, blessing, prosperity. soma—beverage of the gods. srimpi—young female dancer of noble birth at the Courts of Surakarta and Jogjakarta. stupa—mound, tumulus; edifice raised to commemorate some event in the life of a Buddhist saint or to mark a sacred spot. sugata—pious brother on the road to Buddhist perfection. suling—native reed-pipe. sumoor—source, spring. susah—trouble. taman—pleasance. tara—spouse of a Dhyani Buddha. telaga—lake. tempo dahulu—olden time. tengger—pieces of wood or stone posts set up at the head- and foot-end of graves. tesbeh—string of prayer-beads. trimoorti—(Hindu) trinity. trishula—trident. tumenggoong—regent in an official capacity somewhat different from that of a bupati. upachara—royal heirloom. upawita—thread or cord worn by high-caste Hindus over the left shoulder and passing under the right arm. vahana—any vehicle or means of conveyance; animal carrying a deity, representative of his characteristic qualities. vihara—monastery; Brahma Viharas: sublime conditions of perfection. wali—governor or administrator of a province; name given to those who introduced the Muhammadan religion in the island. waringin (beringin)—tree of the genus Ficus of which the most frequent types in Java are the F. consociata Bl., the F. stupenda Miq., the F. Benjaminea L. and the F. elastica Roxb. wayang—lit. shadow; the Javanese national theatre, which seems to have a religious origin: the invocation of the shades of deified ancestors. wedono—native chief of a district. wetan—east. yoni—female organ of generation, emblem of the fecundity of Siva’s sakti or female complement.
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