From the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel.

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The document which follows is brief, but of peculiar interest. It does not appear to aim at a connected history of events, but in the form of a chant to refer certain incidents to the katuns in which they occurred. It has more of a mythological character, and the repetitions remind one of the refrain of a song.

It is also found in the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel, and is inserted without explanation or introduction, copied, no doubt, from some ancient writing.

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TEXT.

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Notes1. Can ahau u kaba katun; uchci u zihilob——178-1pauaha en cuh u yahauob.

Notes2. 178-2Oxhunte ti katun lic u tepalob, lay u kabaob tamuk u tepalob lae.

Notes3. Can ahau u kaba katun; emciob 178-3noh hemal, 178-4ɔeemal, u kabaob lae.

Notes4. Oxlahunte ti katun, lic u tepalob, lic u kabaticob, ti i ualac u cutob. Oxlahun cuthi, u cutob lae.

Notes5. Can ahau u katunil; uchci u caxanticob u chicħeen Ytzua; tii utzcinnahi mactzil tiob tumen u yumoobe. Cantzuc lukciob cantzucul cab u kabaob; likul ti likin kin colah peten bini huntzuci; 178-5kul xaman naco cob 178-6hok huntzucci; heix hoki huntzucci holtun Çuyuua ti chikin; hoki huntzuccie canhek uitz, bolonte uitz u kaba u luumil lae.

Notes6. Can ahau u katunil 178-7uhci u payalob tu cantzuccilob can tzuccul cab u kabaob, ca emiob tu chicħeen Ytzae ahYtza tun u kabaob. Oxlahunte ti katun, lic u tepalob; ca oci u kebanthanobi tumen hunnac ceeli. Ca paxci u calob. Ca biniob tan yol che tan xuluc mul, u kaba. Can ahau u katunil; uchci yauat pixanobi. Oxlahunte ti katun lic u tepalobi y u numyaobi.

Notes7. Uaxac ahau u katunil; uchci yulelob yalaob ahYtza u kabaob. Ca ulob tii ca ualac u tepalob Chakanputun. Oxlahun ahau u katunii u heɔob cah mayapan mayauinic u kabaob. Uaxac ahau paxci u cahobi; ca uacchabi ti peten tulacal. Uac katuni paxiob, ca haui u Maya kabaob. Buluc ahau u kaba u katunil hauci u maya kabaob; Maya uinicob Christiano u kabaob tulacal u cuchcabal tzo ma Sanc Pedro y Rey ahtepale.

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TRANSLATION.

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Notes1. The fourth ahau was the name of the katun; the births took place;—; the towns were taken possession of by the rulers.

Notes2. It was the thirteenth katun in which they ruled; these were their names while they ruled.

Notes3. The fourth ahau was the name of the katun; in it they arrived, the Great Arrival, the Less Arrival, as they are called.

Notes4. It was the thirteenth katun in which they ruled, in which they took names, at that time, while they resided here; in the thirteenth the residence was continued, they resided here.

Notes5. The fourth ahau katun; then took place the search for Chichen Itza; at that time they were marvelously improved by the fathers. They went forth in four divisions which were called the four territories. One division came forth from the east of Kin Colah Peten; one division came forth from the north of Nacocob; one division came forth from the gate of Zuyuua to the west; one division came forth from the mountains of Canhek, the Nine Mountains, as the land is called.Notes6. The fourth ahau katun; then took place the calling together of the four divisions, the four territories as they were called, and they arrived at Chichen Itza and were called the men of Itza. It was the thirteenth katun in which they ruled; then the plottings were introduced by Hunnac Ceel, and the territories were destroyed. Then they went into the midst of the forests, into the midst of Xuluc Mul, so called. The fourth ahau katun; then singing for their happiness took place. It was the thirteenth katun in which they governed and had heavy labor.

Notes7. The eighth ahau katun; thus it took place that there arrived the remainder of the Itza men as they were called; then they arrived; and about that time they governed Chakanputun. In the thirteenth ahau katun those called the Maya men founded the city Mayapan. In the eighth ahau the towns were destroyed; then they were driven wholly out of the province. In the sixth katun they were destroyed, and it was ended with those called Mayas. It was the eleventh ahau katun in which it ended with those called Mayas. The Maya men were all called Christians and came under the control of Saint Peter and the King, the rulers.

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NOTES.

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Maya
English1. U zihilob, the births, probably meaning the beginning of things. Pauaha en cuh has no meaning that I can make out; I therefore suppose it an error for pachah u cah, and translate in accordance with this emendation. The phrase seems to refer to the first settlement of the country, or to the first time the scattered inhabitants were gathered together in towns by their chiefs.

Maya
English2. “These were their names”; but no names are given. They seem to have been omitted by the copyist.

Maya
English3. Emciob noh hemal ɔeemal, faulty orthography for noh emel, ɔeemel, the latter syncopated from ɔeɔemel. Literally, “since they descended; the Great Descent, the Little Descent.”

The tradition here referred to is given at more length by Father Lizana, in his Historia de Yucatan, and is discussed also by Cogolludo (Historia de Yucatan, Lib. IV, cap. III). As the work of the former is wholly inaccessible, I quote from the reprint of a portion of it in Brasseur’s edition of Diego de Landa’s Relacion p. 354. “In former times they called the East Cen-ial, the Little Descent, and the West Nohen-ial, the Great Descent. The reason they give for this is that on the east of this land a few people descended, and on the west a great many; and with that syllable they understand little or much, to the east and the west; and that few people came from one direction and many from the other.” Father Lizana goes on to express his opinion that the few who came from the East were the Carthaginians, and the many from the West were the Mexicans.

The very corrupt form in which he has given the words has led SeÑor Eligio Ancona to suppose they belonged to the archaic and secret language of the priests (Historia de Yucatan, Tomo I, p. 24), and Dr. Carl Schultz-Sellack to imagine that they referred to East and West, right and left, as he adopted the misreading ɔiic, left, for ɔeɔ, little (Die Amerikanischen GÖtter der Vier Weltgegenden, in the Archiv fÜr Ethnologie, Band XI, 1879). But they are readily analyzed when we have their correct orthography, as given above. The reference to them in this place shows that the author of the chant was dealing with the most ancient legends of his race.

The Itzas who resided in the Peten district left the region around Chichen Itza some time in the fifteenth century, probably after the fall of Mayapan. They were ruled by an hereditary chieftain, called by the Spaniards “the great king, Canek.” Under him the territory was divided into four districts, each with its own chief, with whom the Canek consulted about important undertakings.

Evidently in removing to Peten the Itzas were retracing their steps on the line of their first entrance to the peninsula. They even attempted to go further west, and guided, probably, by ancient memories, a large number set out for Tabasco and the banks of the Usumaciuta, where repose the ruins of Palenque, possibly the home of their ancestors. But they were attacked and driven back by the natives of Tabasco, with the loss of their leader, a brother-in-law of the great Canek. These and other particulars about them are repeated by Villagutierre Sotomayor, Historia de la Conquista de la Provincia de el Itza, folio, Madrid, 1701.

Maya
English4. The elliptical form of expression here renders the translation difficult. The verb cutal (old form cultal), pret. culhi or cuthi, fut. culac, means to sit down, to remain in a place, to be at home there, to reside, etc. Perhaps the translation both here and in § 2 should be, “for thirteen katuns they ruled, etc.”

Maya
English5. The word yum, plural yumob, means father and also chief, leader, ruler, etc. In modern Maya it is the translation of Sir, Mister, SeÑor.

The proper names of the localities whence the four divisions are said to have come, have a mythological cast. I cannot find any of them in the present geography of Yucatan. Kin Colah Peten is mentioned in a “katun wheel” in this same Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel, as the name of one of the towns which furnished a katun stone. Zuiva I have already referred to as appearing in the Quetzalcoatl myth (see page 110).

The mountains of Canhek and the Nine Mountains take us to the Itzas around Lake Peten, in the extreme south of the peninsula, this last mentioned division being, in fact, that from the south.

Maya
English6. U payalob, plural passive of pay, to call, to summon.

Tan yol che, ol or yol is the heart or centre of the leaf or plant; tan xuluc mul, see page 174. Yauat pixanobi, they were happy in singing, or, they gained favor by singing. The expression is obscure. The verb auat is applied to the singing of birds, the crowing of cocks, and generally to the natural sound made by any animal, and, in composition, to the sound of musical instruments, as, auatzah, to play on the flute, to blow a trumpet.

Maya
English7. Uacchahi from uacchahal, appears to be a strongly figurative expression. It is explained in Pio Perez’ Dictionary, “salirse con esfuerzo de su cubierta Ó encaje, saltarse de ella como tripa por el ano.”

Hauic, from haual, to end, finish, cease to exist. Thus the chronicler closes his recital, repeating the to him no doubt bitter fact that the Maya nation and the Maya name had passed away.

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THE CHRONICLE

OF

Chac Xulub Chen.

BY

NAKUK PECH.

1562.

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i> ua u cunal c-uplal? Do you know the conjury of a woman? Dicc. Motul (i.e., to make her submit to the will of a man).

Cuntabal, Passive supine; from cunah, to conjure.

Cutz, n. The wild turkey,

Ch.

• Chac, n. Water, rain, a giant, a god. adj. red. In comp. much or very.
• Chacaan, n. Something plain, open, visible.
• Chacanhal, v. To become visible, to show itself.
• Chahal, v. To lose strength, to weaken.
• Chakan, n. A savanna. p. 125.
• Chapahal, v. To sicken.
• Chayanil, n. The rest, the remainder.
• Che, n. A tree; wood; adj. wooden.
• Chem, n. A boat, a ship.
• Chen, adv. Solely, only, merely.
• Chenbel, adv. Vainly, fruitlessly.
• Chi, n. The mouth; a border, limit, edge; a bite, as u chi pek, the bite of a dog.
• verb, to bite, to eat.
• Chicilbezah, v. To set landmarks, to point out.
• Chichcunah, v. To strengthen, to fortify.
• Chichcunahthan, v. To support another’s words, to agree with, to act in concert with. p. 107.
• Chicul, n. A sign, mark, token.
• Chikin, n. The West.
• Chicpahal, v. aor. pahi, fut. pahac. To find, to discover, to recover that which is lost; “parecer lo perdido.” Pio Perez, Dicc.
• Chilan, n. An interpreter, p. 69.
• Chin, v. aor. ah, fut. É. To stone, to throw stones at.
• Chin, adj. A term of endearment.
• Chinchin, v. To incline, lean over, be out of line.
• Choy, n. A bucket; choyche, a wooden bucket.
• Chuuc or Chuc, v. aor. ah, fut. É. To grasp, seize, to take possession of.
• Chucan, n. Completeness, sufficiency, abundance.
• Chuccabil, n. A province, district.
• Chul, n. A flute.
• Chulub, n. Rain water; reservoirs.
• Chun, n. Foundation; trunk (of a tree); beginning; cause.
• Chunbezah, v. To cause, to occasion, to begin.
• Chunthan, n. (From chun, first, than; speech, he who speaks first.) A principal, a presiding officer.

Cħ

• Cħaa, or Cħtaab, v. aor. cħaah, fut. chaÉ. 1. To take, to carry; to carry off; hence to kill. 2. To recover that which is lost.
• Cħahucil or Cħuhucil, n. Sweets.
• Cħeen, n. Lowland; well. pp. 33, 125.
• Cħibal, n. Lineage, generation.
• Cħuplal, n. Woman, girl.
• Cħuytab, v. To hang.

E

• Et, A particle indicating similitude. As a verb, to hold alike in the two hands. Hence, eta, friend; etel, companion; etan, wife; etcah, fellow townsman; yetel, and, with, etc.
• Ez, n. Enchanter, sorcerer.
• Ezah, v. To show, to make public; to imitate, feign. Ezabil, what is to be or should be shown or published.

H

• Haa, n. Water.
• Haab, n. Year. p. 50.
• Haban, n. Branch, twig. p. 126.
• Hach, adv. Much, very.
• Hahal, adj. and adv. True, truly.
• Halach, adj, and n. True, truth; halach than, an oath; halach uinic. p. 26.
• Halal, n. The cane.
• Hanal, v. aor. hani, fut. hanac. To eat.
• Haual, v. aor. haui, fut. hauac. To cease, to stop.
• Hayal, v. To level with the ground, to destroy; from hay, thin, flat; hence hayalcab, the final end and destruction of the world.
• Heɔ or Eɔ, v. aor. ah, fut. É. To fix firmly, to establish, to found; to select a site.
• Heɔcab, v. To fix or establish promptly; “poner Ó afirmar Ó asentar de presto alguna cosa que quede ferme.” Dicc. Motul.
• Hicħcal, v. To tie up by the neck, to hang.
• Hiɔ or Hiɔil, n. The close or last of the week, month, or year, as u hiɔil buluc ahau katun, the last day of the eleventh Ahau katun. Chilan Balam.
• Ho, adj. Five.
• Hokol, v. aor. hoki. To set out for, to go out from; of seeds, to sprout; of the beard, etc., to begin to grow.
• Hokzahuba, v. To take oneself away from.
• Hol, n. The end of anything, hence the door of a house, the gate of a town, the mouth of a bag or jar, a hole, an aperture; verb, sensu obscoeno, to seduce a girl, to penetrate her. Dicc. Motul.
• Holcan, n. A warrior; adj. brave, valiant.
• Holhaa, n. A seaport. See haa.
• Holpay, n. A seaport. See pay.
• Holpop, n. A chieftain (from hol and pop, mat); “he who is at the end or head of the mat.”
• Hom, n. A trumpet.
• Hoppol, v. To begin.
• Hun, adj. One.
• Hunakbu, n. The one God.
• Hunkul, adv. Once and forever, really, permanently.
• Hunmol, adj. United together, congregated in one place
• Hunten, adv. On one occasion, at one time.
• Huun, n. A book. p. 63.

I.

• Ich, n. 1. Face; eyes; twins; surface. 2. Fruit; longing; color.
• Ich, prep. In, into, within.
• Ilah v. aor. ilah, fut. ilÉ. or ilab. To see, to look at, to visit, to test, to try.
• Ix, fem. prefix. See page 28; conj. and also n. urine.
• Ixim, n. Maize.
• Ixmehen, n. A daughter.

K.

• Kaan, n. A measure. p. 27.
• Kab, n. The hand, the arm.
• Kaba, n. A name. See p. 26.
• Kabanzah, v. To give a name.
• Kah, n. Pinole, meal of roasted maize, used for stirring in water to drink.
• Kahal, v. To remember, recall.
• Kahlay, n. Memory, memorial, record.
• Kak, n. Fire; also a febrile disease.
• Kaknab, n. The sea, the ocean.
• Kal, n. A score. p. 39; verb, to imprison.
• Kam or Kamah, v. To accept, receive; to take possession of.
• Kan, adj. Yellow. n. The name of the first day of the Maya month.
• Kat, v. To wish, to desire. To ask, to ask for, to inquire.
• Katun, n. A body of warriors; a period of time. p. 58.
• Kax, n. Forest, woods.
• Kaxah, v. To join, unite, tie together.
• Kay or Kayah, v. To sing.
• Keban, n. Sin, evil.
• Kebanthan, v. To plot evil, to calumniate; to commit treason; “kebanthanil, traicion.” Dicc. Motul.
• Kilacale, n. Ancestors.
• Kin, n. The sun; a day; time.
• Kinchil. A numeral. p. 46.
• Koch or Kooch, v. To carry on the shoulders as a burden, hence, fig. n. obligation, fault, sickness.
• Kohan, n. Sickness.
• Ku, n. God, divinity.
• Kubulte, n. Delivery, deposit.
• Kuchul, v. aor. kuchi, fut. kuchuc. To arrive, to come to.
• Kul, in comp. much, very; kulvinic. pp. 133, 164.
• Kuna, n. (From ku, god, na, house). A temple, a church.
• Kuuch, n. Cotton threads.
• Kuxil, n. Aversion, disgust, annoyance; verb, to feel disgust at.
• Kuyan, adj. Consecrated to God, holy.

L

• Lahal, v. To finish, to end.
• Lahca. Twelve.
• Lahun. Ten. p. 38.
• Lai or Lay, rel. and dem. pron. This, that, these, those, which, what, etc.
• Lak, n. Companion, neighbor.
• Lic or Licil, rel. In which, by which.
• Likil, v. To rise, to raise; as likil katun, to begin war.
• Likin or Lakin, n. The East.
• Likul, prep. From, out of.
• Likzah, v. To lift up, to raise; likzahuba, to raise oneself.
• Loh, v. To redeem, to set at liberty.
• Lohil, n. The Redeemer, the Saviour.
• Lukanil, n. That which is set apart or separated.
• Lukul, v. aor. luki, fut. lukuc. To leave a place, to depart from, go out of.
• Lukzah, v. To free, to separate from; lukzahuba, to quit, to abstain from.

M

• Ma, adv. No, not. From this are the negatives, matan, not, emphatic; mato, matac, maina, not even; maix, matla, neither; mamac, no one; manan, without, etc.
• Mac, rel. pron. Who.
• Maccah, v. To obstruct, close up roads, etc. Hence macan p.p.p. that which is obstructed.
• Mach, v. aor. ah, fut. É. To take with the hand, to hold in the hand.
• Mactzil, adj. Marvelous, miraculous; n. a miracle, an act of Providence. (From mac, most, and tzibil, to be obeyed or reverenced.)
• Mak, v. To eat soft things, to eat without chewing.
• Mal or Malel, v. aor. mani, fut. manac. To pass.
• Manak, n. A sign or mark.
• Manal, adv. Too much, in excess.
• Manbal, adv. Nothing.
• Mat, v. To receive, obtain.
• Maya, n. Derivation of. p. 16.
• Mayacimil, n. The pestilence. p. 132.
• Mazcab, n. A prison, gaol.
• Mazeual, n. Vassal, servant. Nahuatl, maceualli.
• Mehen, n. A son.
• Mek, n. An armful, hence
• Mektantah, or Mektanma, v. To hold in one’s power, to rule, govern.
• Mektancah, n. Jurisdiction, municipality.
• Mektanmail, n. A ruler, governor.
• Mentah, v. To make, manufacture.
• Menyah, v. To work, serve. n. Work, service.
• Met, n. A wheel. p. 86.
• Mex or Meex, n. The beard.
• Meyah, v. To serve, to labor for one.
• Minantal, v.p.p. minaan. To lack, to be absent or wanting, not to have.
• Molcintah, v. To gather together, join, unite.
• Moltah, v. To gather around.
• Mothtal, v. To humble, to submit.
• Muk, n. Fortitude, bravery.
• Muktan, v. To suffer with fortitude.
• Mul or Mol, part. in comp. Jointly, in common.
• Mulba, v. To congregate, to come together.
• Multepal, v. To rule or govern jointly. p. 131.
• Muz, v. To cut.

N

• Na, n. A house, not designating whose.
• Naat, v. To know, understand.
• Nacal, v. To ascend. p. 28.
• Nachi, adv. Far off, distant.
• Nacpalancal, v. To grope, to feel one’s way.
• Nah, v. To suit, wish, desire; nahuba, to suit, etc., for oneself.
• Nak, n. The abdomen, belly, the end; verb. to end, finish; to join, to stick; tu nak, at the end, near, close to.
• Nakal, v. To approach, to join on.
• Nant, v. See Naat.
• Noh, adj. Great, large.
• Nohkakil, n. Smallpox. p. 132.
• Nohoch, adj. Great, large.
• Nohol, n. The South.
• Nuc, adj. Great, large.
• Nuc, v. To answer; n. an answer.
• Nuctah, v. To understand, perceive.
• NuctÉ, adj. Old, ancient; nucteel, the elders and leading men of a town.
• Nucul, n. Signification, meaning; manner, form, figure.
• Numya, n. Toil, misery, unhappiness.
• Nucahthan, v. To reply, to answer.
• Nupthan, n. Companion, associate.

O

• Oc, n. The foot; yooc his foot, their feet.
• Oca or Ochaa or Ocolha, (From v. ocol, to enter, haa, water,) To baptize.
• Ocnakuchil, n. A pestilence. p. 151.
• Ocol, v. aor. oci, fut. ococ. To enter; also sensu obscoeno.
• Ohel, v. aor. tah, fut. tÉ. To know, to recognize.
• Ol, n. Mind, intention, will.
• Olah, v. To wish, to desire; n. will, goodwill, wish.
• On, pron. We.
• Ontkin, adv. For a long time.
• Op or Oop, n. The anona, custard apple.
• Otoch, n. House, dwelling, denoting whose. p. 106.
• Ox, adv. Three; oxlahun, thirteen. p. 130.

P

• Pa or Paa, n. A walled town, stronghold, fortress. p. 163.
• Pa, v. To break, break down, destroy.
• Pach, To take possession of, to select a place.
• Pach, n. The back of the shoulders; the outer or back part; hence, the last or end of anything; tu pach, behind, after.
• Pachal, adv. Afterwards, late.
• Paiche, n. A mark, a line.
• Pak or Pakil, n. A wall of stone, verb, aor. ah, fut. É. To found, build, sow, plant; hence
• Pakal, n. A building, founding, etc.
• Pakte or Pakteil, adv. All together, in all.
• Palil, n. A servant, man-servant.
• Pan, n. Standard, banner.
• Patan, n. Tribute, tax; from paatah, to watch, to guard.
• Patcunah, v. To declare, set forth, explain; n. an explanation, etc.
• Paxal or Paaxal, v. aor. xi, fut. xac. To forsake, abandon, desert, depopulate; “desamparar y despoblar pueblo.” Dicc. Motul.
• Pay, n. The sea-coast.
• Pay, v. aor. tah, fut. tÉ. To draw or call toward one, hence, payal, to be called or summoned.
• Paybe, n. (From pay, and be, a road). A guide; hence, adv., first, before.
• Pek, n. A dog.
• Pet, n. A circle, wheel.
• Peten, n. An island, country, province. p. 122.
• Pic. A numeral. p. 45.
• Pix or Piixtah, v. To unwind, to cast anchor.
• Pixan, n. Soul; happiness; adj. happy.
• Pol. n. Head; hair.
• Puchtun, n. Fighting, quarreling.
• Puczical, n. Heart; mind, will, soul.
• Pul, v. To bring, to carry. Ahpulul, one who brings.

Pp

• Ppatal, v. To remain, to stay.
• Ppiz, n. A measure of grain, etc.
• Ppoc, n. A hat.
• Ppul or Ppuul, n. An earthen jar.

T

• Taab, n. Salt.
• Tab, v. To tie together; hence
• Tabal, n. Relationship; anything attached to or dependent on another.
• Tabzah, v. To deceive, to delude, to tie.
• Tah, adv. Whence, whither, thence, to, unto. pron. For us, for our part.
• Takal, v. To stick to; to add to, to increase.
• Tal, prep. From; tii tal en, I am from there. Dicc. San Francisco.
• Tal, v. aor. ah, fut. É. To touch, to begin to take; to make use of.
• Talel, v. aor. tali, fut. talae or tae. To come, to go.
• Tamuk, adv. While, when.
• Tan, n. The breast; hence, the middle of anything; as tan cah, the middle of the town. p. 132.
• Tan, postposition. Toward, as lakintan, toward the East.
• Tancabal, n. The premises of a house; a house and its grounds.
• Tancoch, n. A half (from tan, and cochil, the width, the size of a thing).
• Tec, adv. Quickly, suddenly.
• Tem or Temah, v. To satisfy, please.
• Ten, pron. I. Ten c en, I who am I.
• Tepal, v. To rule, govern.
• Than, n. Word, speech.
• Thun, n. A drop, a spot, a dot.
• Ti, prep. To, by, for; sign of dative and ablative.
• Tiihil, v. To happen there, to take place there.
• Tipp, v. To exceed in size; to go forth from; as tippan kin, the sun having appeared.
• Toc or Tooc, v. aor. tocah, fut. É, To burn.
• Toch, adj. Severe, firm, rough.
• Tocoyna, n. A deserted house or field; “solar yermo.” Dicc. Motul.
• Toh, adj. Just, righteous; ahtohil, a magistrate.
• Tohyol, adj. Healthy, well (from toh, ol).
• Tox, v. To pour out; tox haa ti pol, to pour water on the head, i.e., to baptize. Dicc. Motul. Toxol, the person baptized; also a distribution or outpouring, as toxol cahob, a distribution of towns to different rulers.
• Tul, adj. Full, abounding. p. 39.
• verb. To fill to overflowing, to rise (of the tide). For tutul see p. 109.
• Tulpach, v. To go back, to return.
• Tulum, n. A wall, walled town. p. 163.
• Tumen, prep. For, by reason of, because of.
• Tun, n. A stone. A euphonic particle. p. 124.
• Tux or Tuux, adv. Where, in what part or place.
• Tuzebal, adv. Promptly.
• Tuzinil, adv. All, in all parts.
• Tzac, v. To seek, to follow.
• Tzen, n. Food, sustenance; hence,
• Tzentah, To give food to.
• Tzicil, v. To obey, to serve.
• Tzimin, n. A horse.
• Tzol, n. A string, thread; hence, verb, to arrange on a string, to put in order, to adjust; tzolan, an arrangement, series, order.
• Tzuc, n. A part, division. p. 54.
• Tzucub, n. A province.

U

• U, n. The moon; a month; menstrual period; a string of beads, a collar; rosary. pron. His, her, its, their. Also a euphonic particle before vowels.
• Uaatal, v. To set up, erect.
• Uabic, adv. How, in what manner.
• Uac, Six.
• Uacchahal, v. To emerge with force. p. 185.
• Uacuntah, v. To set on end, to put in place; to designate, appoint; uacuntahbal, the putting in place, etc.
• Uah, n. Tortilla, bread; uahal uahob. p. 129.
• Uahil, n. Banquet; guest.
• Ualac, adv. While, meanwhile.
• Ualkahal, v. To turn oneself, to return.
• Uaxac, Eight.
• Uay or Uai, adv. Here, in this place.
• Uazaklom, n. A return, p. 86.
• Ubah, v. To hear, understand.
• Uchebal, conj. In order that.
• Uchul, v. aor. uchi, fut. uchuc. To happen, to occur, take place, come to pass.
• Uinalal, n. Labor, work.
• Uinbail, n. Image, figure.
• Uinic, n. Man; a measure, p. 27.
• Uitz, n. A mountain, a hill. p. 131.
• Ulul, v. To arrive, return.
• Ulum, n. A bird, a pheasant.
• Uooh, v. To write, p. 63.
• Utial, prep. For, on account of.
• Utz, adj. Good; utzil, the good, the well-being.
• Utzcinah, v. To make better, to perfect; to compose a speech or essay; to set in order.
• Utzuac, adv. Now, be it now.
• Uuc. Seven.
• Uuɔ, n. A folding, doubling; a line of warriors.

X

• Xachetah, v. To seek, to procure.
• Xamach, n. A large pot or jar.
• Xaman, n. The North.
• Xan, n. Straw; conj. also adv. slowly.
• Xantal, v. aor. xanhi fut. xanac. To stay behind, to remain.
• Xenhi, v. To vomit.
• Xic, v. To split, to divide.
• Xicin, n. The ear, the hearing.
• Ximbal, v. to journey, to pass.
• Xiu, n. Grass, herbage, name of a noble family. p. 109.
• Xma, prep. Without.
• Xocol, v. To count, to read.
• Xotlahal, v. To cut.
• Xul, n. End, limit; v. to end, also xulul.

Y

• Ya, n. 1. Love 2. Pain, wound, sickness. 3. Difficulty. 4. A shoe.
• Yaab, adj. Much, abundant: yaabil, abundance, multitude.
• Yacunah, v. To love.
• Yah or Yaah, n. Severe sickness.
• Yala, The rest, remainder.
• Yalan, prep. Under, beneath.
• Yan or Yanhal, v. To have, to be, to stand.
• Yax, adv. First, freshly; adj. green, young.
• Yaxchun, n. The beginning, cause.
• Yetel, conj. And, with, a compound of u etel, his or its companion, usually abbreviated to y.
• Yib, n. A bean.
• Yic, n. Red peppers.
• Yok, prep. On, over, in front of.
• Yoklal, prep. By reason of, because of.
• Yokolcab, adv. On the earth, in the world.
• Yol, n. Mind, spirit.
• Yxma, prep. Without, =xma.
• Yub, n. Cloak, coat.
• Yum, n. Father; lord; ruler; head of a family.
• Yum or Yumtah, v. To wave, to move to and fro.

Z

• Zabin, n. A weasel.
• Zah or Zahal or Zahacil, n. Fear, terror; verb, to fear.
• Zat, v. aor. ah, fut. É. To lose.
• Zi, n. Wood.
• Zihnal, n. Birth, a native.
• Zil or Ziil, v. To give, to present; n. gifts.
• Zinah, v. To cut wood.
• Zuhuy, n. A virgin.
• Zulbil-taab, n. Purified salt, from zul, to soak.
• Zut, v. To return; tu zut pach, back again, over again.

Ɔ

• Ɔa v. aor. ɔaah, fut. ɔaÉ or ɔaab. To give; ɔabal, past part. pas. that which is to be given.
• Ɔa, v. To avail, to be of advantage.
• Ɔaleb, n. A seal, mould, press.
• Ɔan, v. To devastate, ruin.
• Ɔaɔ, v. To suck; ɔaɔopob, suckers of anonas, a name given to the Spaniards.
• Ɔiboltah, v. To desire, wish for.
• Ɔib or Ɔibah, v. To write.
• Ɔicil, n. Bravery; encouragement.
• Ɔilibal, n. A register, record.
• Ɔoc, n. The end, the last. v. To happen, to occur; to tear down. adv. Already.
• Ɔoocol, v. To end, finish.
• Ɔuɔ, v. To kiss, to suck.
• Ɔuunɔucil, adj. Made of mud, or plastered.
• Ɔul, n. A foreigner, stranger. p. 131.
• Ɔunul, v. To make a beginning.
• Ɔuɔucinzah, v. To act mildly and kindly; from ɔuɔ, to kiss, to suck.

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Transcriber’sNote

The following error was corrected:

Page	Error
196	Both footnotes on this page were numbered 1. The second was changed to number 2.

The following errors and inconsistencies have been maintained.

Misspelled words and typographical errors:

Page	Error
24	terrestial should read terrestrial
24,fn.2	PiÉces should read PiÈces
25	Numbers 13 to 19 are one higher than they should be
46,fn.1	Calepino en Lengua Cakchiquel por Fray Francisco de Varea should read Calepino en Lengua Cakchiquel por Fray Francisco de Varea
53	40th year should read 40th year.
54,fn.1	aÑos.’ should read aÑos.”
57	batallion should read battalion
58,fn.1	Lengva should read Lengua
67,fn.1	Nvestra should read Nuestra
87	(I. II, III.) should read (I, II, III.)
87	well dressed” should read “well dressed”
111	p 10 should read p. 10
111	cap, XXIX, should read cap. XXIX,
111	p 12 should read p. 12
124	northen should read northern
128	qui should read que
128	established himself should read “established himself
131	MS). should read MS.).
132	cap. VI), should read cap. VI).
138	Uac ahau should read Uac ahau.
142	Lahun ahau, should read Lahun ahau.
157	Uuc ahau, should read Uuc ahau.
183	Usumaciuta should read Usumacinta
190	Abbe BrassÉur should read AbbÉ Brasseur
198	yahaubiI should read yahaubil
238	branches should read branches,
244	miscontrued should read misconstrued
247	in Yucatan, should read in Yucatan.
247	MS.) should read MS.).
252	26. should read 20.
252	MS.) should read MS.).
254	Bienvanida should read Bienvenida
257	MS.) should read MS.).
257	possibly should read possible
257	I Kan should read 1 Kan
258	“Ma c’ubah than should read “Ma c’ubah than”
261	Ahpul, n should read Ahpul, n.
261	Alah, v should read Alah, v.
261	Anante. should read Anante,
263	fut. É should read fut. É
263	Cob is out of alphabetical order
264	wild turkey, should read wild turkey.
265	adj. should not be italicized
266	Cħahucil or Cħuhucil should read Cħahucil or Cħuhucil
267	one place should read one place.
267	ilÉ. should read ilÉ,
270	minaan should read minaan
272	fut. É should read fut. É
277	to y should read to y
278	Yxma is out of alphabetical order

The following words were inconsistently spelled:

Abbe / AbbÉ
Cuculcan / CuculcÀn
Pocomams / Pokomams
Pocomchis / Pokomchis
Puczical / Puczikal

Other inconsistencies:

i.e. / i.e.
Accents on words in foreign languages are inconsistently used.