Louis M. Roth

Plate and page numbers in boldface type indicate illustrations. In general, entries are placed in the index as unmodified substantives except where a modifier contributes significantly to the identification of the item (e.g., blue heads, prairie dog). This index should be used in conjunction with the indexed check list of natural associations (pages 290 to 310) because these are not repeated here. All experimental associations are indexed below except those involving Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, and Periplaneta americana that are cited on pages that also contain references to the natural associations of these three species.

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A
Abies sp., 257
Acacia, 56, 69
Acacia farnesiana, 155, 164
harpophylla, 55
sp., 155
Acanthinevania princeps, 235
Acanthocephala, 203
Acanthogyna deplanata, 7
Acaridae, 217
Acarina, 210, 216
Acheta domestica, 320
Achromobacter hyalinum, 110
sp., 110
Achromobacteriaceae, 110
Acridotheres tristis, 281
Acrocomia aculeata, 142
Acromyrmex lobicornis, 312, 313
lundi, 312
niger, 312
octospinosus, 312
silvestrii, 312
Acropyga acutinventris, 317
Actinocephalidae, 184
Actinomycetaceae, 124
Actinomycetales, 123
Adeleidae, 184
Adelina cryptocerci, 184-185
Aechmaea porteoides, 144
Aerobacter aerogenes, 111
cloacae, 112
sp., 112
Aeschnidae, 224
Agamerion metallica, 243
Agamidae, 275
Agamospirura parahormeticae, 205
Agaricus, 164
Agave, 43, 57
Agelaius xanthomus, 282
Agis orientalis, 7, 27
Aglaopteryx absimilis, 7, 35, 156, 317
devia, 7
diaphana, 7, 35, 36, 145, 146, 290, 339
facies, 7, 35, 156, 290, 317, 318
gemma, 7, 36, 140, 143, 144, 153, 158, 159, 339
vegeta, 7, 146
ypsilon, 7, 75
Aircraft, 87-90
Alcaligenes faecalis, 111
recti, 111
viscosus, 111
Algaroba, 45, 156, 164
Allacta similis, 7, 36, 75, 276, 290
Allothereua maculata, 223
Alluaudellina cavernicola, 7, 17
Alluaudella cavernicola, 7
Alpinia, 163
Alsophila sp., 139
Alsophilas, 164
Amazonina emarginata, 7, 36, 146, 158
Ameiva exsul, 275
sp., 275
Amitermes, 102
Amoeba blattae, 177
coli, 178
undetermined sp., 181
Amoebidae, 177
Amoebina, 177
Amphibia, 269-272

Amphibians, 3, 353
Amphibolurus barbatus, 275
Amphoromorpha blattina, 139
sp., 139
Ampulex, 2, 256
amoena, 256-257
assimilis, 257
canaliculata, 94, 257-258, 352
compressa, 258-259, 352; pl. 35
compressiventris, 260
fasciata, 259
novarae, 256
ruficornis, 259
siberica, 260
sibirica, 259
sonnerati, 260
Ampulicidae, 256
Anacardiaceae, 157
Ananas comosus, 144
Anaphothrips sp., 317
Anaplecta asema, 7, 36
azteca, 7, 145
decipiens, 7, 36
fallax, 7, 36
hemiscotia, 7 36
lateralis, 7, 36
mexicana, 7, 145
spp., 88, 145, 290
Anastatus blattidarum, 246
blattidifurax, 245
floridanus, 94, 245, 255, 319; pl. 34
tenuipes, 94, 246, 255, 350
Anatidae, 277
Anax strenuus, 224
Ancylostoma caninum, 209
ceylanicum, 209
duodenale, 209
Ancylostomidae, 209
Androctonus australis, 211
Aneurina tahuata, 7, 160
viridis, 7, 155, 160, 161
Anguillula macrura, 195
Anisogamia, 26
Annato, 159
Annetta, Steamship, 149
Anoetidae, 217
Anolis carolinensis, 273, 346
cristatellus, 273
equestris, 273, 345, 346
grahami, 274
leachi, 274
pulchellus, 273
sagrei, 274
sp., 274
stratulus, 274
Anseriformes, 277
Antagonism, interspecies, 341-343
Antbird, 280
Antibiotics, 97-98, 346
Ants, 57, 266-268, 316, 317, 350
Argentine, 268, 319
army, 228, 267, 268, 280, 350
big-headed, 268
carpenter, 267
hosts of cockroaches, 311-314
predaceous, 266
safari, 267
wood, 317
Aorurus (Thelastoma) appendiculatus, 196
diesingi, 195
philippinensis, 193
sphaerolaima, 194
Aotes zonalis, 284
Aotus, 284
Aphaenogaster picea, 267
Aphelocoma coerulesens, 280
Aphids, 62
Aphlebia maculata, 10
punctata, 10
Apocynaceae, 161
Apolyta, 9
Apotrogia angolensis, 7, 17
Apple, 166
Aptera cingulata, 7
fusca, 7, 290, 329
Apteroblatta perplexa, 7, 18
Aquifoliaceae, 158
Arachnida, 211
Arachnids, 34
Araceae, 143
Aranea, 214
Araneida, 214
Arbor vitae, 44
Archiacanthocephala, 203
Archiblatta hoevenii, 7, 329
Archimandrita marmorata, 7, 147
tessellata, 7, 147

Arenivaga apacha, 7, 23, 26, 27
bolliana, 7, 23, 26, 27, 37, 290
erratica, 7, 23, 26, 27
floridensis, 7, 24, 37
grata, 7, 17, 18, 37
roseni, 7, 24, 26, 27, 291
tonkawa, 7, 24
Aristida pennata, 65, 141
Aristiger histrio, 7, 37, 159, 316
Armadillo, 287
Army transports, 84
Arthroleptis variabilis, 270
Arthromitaceae, 124
Arthromitus intestinalis, 124
Arthropoda, 210-268
Arum sp., 143
Ascalaphidae, 227
Ascaridae, 209
Ascaris lumbricoides, 209
sp., 209
suum, 209
Ascaroidea, 209
Aschelminthes, 192, 204, 209
Ascomycetes, 133
Asmorrhiza longistylis, 240
Asparagus officinalis, 235
Aspen, 46, 152, 164
Aspergillaceae, 129
Aspergillus flavus, 130
fumigatus, 130
niger, 130
sp., 130, 131
sydowi, 130
tamarii, 130
Aspiduchus borinquen, 7, 18, 37, 333-334
cavernicola, 8, 18, 334
deplanatus, 7, 8, 37
Asplenium nidus, 44
Assembling of cockroaches, 331-334
Associations, 6, 15, 91-96
among cockroaches, 324-343
biotic, 2, 91, 94-96
classification of, 91, 95-96
ecological, 14-90, 324-343
facultative, 95-96
familial, 325-330
gregarious, 330-336
interspecies, 337-343
intraspecies, 336-337
mutualism, 96-102
number of, 3, 5
obligate, 95
obscure, 96, 316-319
with man, 70-90
Astata, 255
Ateles dariensis, 284
Athel, 39
Atta cephalotes, 313
fervens, 313
lundi, 312
nigra, 312
octospinosa, 313
sexdens, 313
texana, 313
Attacus atlas, 320
Attaphila aptera, 8, 313
bergi, 8, 312, 313
flava, 8, 314
fungicola, 8, 313
schuppi, 8, 312
sexdentis, 8, 313
sp., 313
Atticola mortoni, 8, 312
Attraction, intraspecies, 328-334
to decaying material, 53, 59-63
to honeydew, 62
to lights, 52, 61, 64, 66, 79, 81
Audreia bromeliadarum, 8, 31, 37, 145
jamaicana, 8, 37
marginata, 11
Aves, 276-282
Avicularia avicularia, 214
sp., 214
B
"B. aerobia del pseudoedema maligno," 125
B. alcaligenes beckeri, 125
faecalis, 111
recti, 111
"B. del pseudoedema maligno," 125
B. violaceus, 106
Baboon, 286
Bacillaceae, 120
Bacilli, colon, 126
paracolon, 113
"Bacillo del barbone dei bufali," 126
"proteisimile," 126
"similcarbonchio," 126

"similtifo," 126
"tifosimile," 126
"Bacillus," 126
"subtilis group," 122
Bacillus acidi lactici, 112
albolactis, 120
alcaligenes faecalis, 111
anthracis, 120
bÜtschlii, 120
cereus, 120
circulans, 120
cloacae, 112
faecalis alkaligenes, 111
flacheriae, 121
lactis aerogenes, 111
megaterium, 121
monachae, 121
periplanetae, 121
prodigiosus, 117
radiciformis, 121
stellatus, 121
subtilis, 121
tritus, 122
Bacteria, 2-3, 100-101, 104-127, 346
"spirochaetoid," 127
Bacteriaceae, 119
"Bacterium," 126
Bacterium alkaligenes, 119
delendae-muscae, 120
haemophosphoreum, 120
monache, 121
prodigiosum, 117
Bacteroides uncatus, 119
Bacteroids, 96-100; pl. 26
Badger, 289
Balantidium, 101
blattarum, 187
coli, 187
ovatum, 187
praenucleatum, 187
sp., 187
Ballota nigra, 38
Balta godeffroyi, 8, 37
patula, 8, 291
platysoma, 8, 317
quadricaudata, 8, 37, 141
scripta, 8, 37, 141, 326
torresiana, 8, 38, 141
verticalis, 8, 38, 141
Bamboo, 44, 141
Bambusicola thoracica, 277
Banana, 36, 40, 53, 54, 58, 66, 82, 146-151, 163, 165, 215
blossoms, 36, 41, 56, 57, 146-148
Bantua stigmosa, 8, 99
"Barata selvagem," 194, 199, 200
"sylvestre," 188, 189
"Baratas de pau podre," 200
Barbulanympha, 102
coahoma, 173
estaboga, 173
laurabuda, 174
sp., 175
ufalula, 174
wenyoni, 174
Bark, 36-38, 42, 43, 45-65, 141, 152, 153, 160, 164, 165
Bass, large-mouth black, 269
Bassariscus astutus, 288
Bat, 77, 283
caves, 17-18, 21-23
Batrachians, unidentified, 272
Bayberry, 43, 44, 152
Beauveria bassiana, 131
Bedbug, 321-322
Beech, 47, 61, 62
Bees, 314, 318
Beetles, 26, 34, 57, 63, 91, 229-234, 318, 347, 348
black (see Blatta orientalis)
black larder, 234
rhinocerus, 317
Bertramia blatellae, 185
Beta maritima, 47, 153
vulgaris cicla, 153
Binema mirsaia, 193
Birds, 3, 4, 276-282, 353
nests, 35, 318
Bites, cockroach, 83, 322, 336-337
mite, 220
spider, 215
Bixa sp., 159
Bixaceae, 159
Blabera fusca, 8, 322
Blaberus atropos, 8, 18, 38, 125, 147, 203, 204, 291, 322, 344
boliviensis, 8, 147

clarazianus, 8
craniifer 8, 18, 75, 97, 99, 116-118, 132, 138, 291, 322, 330, 333, 336, 339, 344; pls. 1, 2, 28
cubensis, 8
discoidalis, 8, 38, 75, 85, 147, 151, 163, 291, 318, 330, 334, 339
giganteus, 8, 18, 38, 99, 291; pl. 3
"maderae," 11, 248
spp., 38, 290, 291
Blackbird, 282
Puerto Rican, 282
yellow-shouldered, 282
Blaptica dubia, 8, 292
Blastocystidaceae, 133
Blastocystis hominis, 133
sp., 133
"Blatella americana," 108, 110, 119, 121, 122
Blatta aegyptiaca, 13
aethiopica, 13
americana, 12
caraibea, 79
concinna, 10
humbertiana, 8
(Shelfordella) lateralis, 8, 18, 38, 71, 75, 292
melanocephala, 13
notulata, 10
orientalis, 8, 18, 38, 70-72, 75-76, 84, 85, 88, 96, 99, 100, 118, 123, 128, 129, 131, 151, 153, 162, 163, 190, 204, 205, 212, 219, 222, 224-226, 232, 235, 237, 245, 255, 269, 275, 276, 292-293, 320-323, 325-327, 331, 332, 334-336, 338, 341, 342, 346, 347, 352; pls. 4, 27
sp., 292
Blattaria, 3, 224
Blattarum alatarum, 83
Blattelicola blattelicola, 193
Blattella bisignata, 8
brunneriana, 11
chichimeca, 10
delicatula, 8
germanica, 8, 17, 18, 39, 70-72, 76 83-85, 87, 88, 96-101, 103-105, 114, 118, 119, 124, 126, 131, 143, 171, 192, 204, 205, 211, 212, 219, 222, 225-227, 234-236, 240, 241, 255, 272, 276, 277, 283, 293-294, 320, 321, 323, 324, 328, 331, 332, 334, 335, 337-342, 347-349; pls. 5, 26, 31
humbertiana, 8, 39, 142, 144, 294, 336
lituricollis, 8, 263, 295
nahua, 11
schubotzi, 8, 76
spp. 88, 145, 295
vaga, 8, 27, 39, 77, 135, 141, 166, 255, 293, 320, 328; pl. 5
Blatticida ashmeadi, 243
pulchra, 243
Blatticidella ashmeadi, 243
Blatticola, 199
aegyptiaca, 195
blattae, 193-194
blatticola, 193
"Blattidae sylvestres," 200
Blattilaelaps nauphoetae, 216
Blattina concinna, 10
Blattisocius tineivorus, 216
triodons, 216
Blattophila sphaerolaima, 194
sphaerolaima var. javanica, 194
supellaima, 194
Blattotetrastichus hagenowii, 249
Bluegills, 269
Blue heads, 269
Blue jay, 280, 346
Bobolink, 282
Bodo Blattae, 167
sp., 167
Bodonidae, 167
Bog, peat, 46
Boraginaceae, 161
Bounty, H. M. S., 83
Brachygaster, 350
minutus, 235-236, 351
Bracken, 45, 47
Brambles, 51, 155
Breadfruit,

Brucella abortus, 119
Buboblatta armata, 8, 145
Bucerotidae, 279
Bufo funereus, 270
ictericus, 270
marinus, 270, 345, 346, 353
valliceps, 270
Bufonidae, 270
BulhÕesia bulhÕesi, 200
icemi, 200
magalhÃesi, 194
severianoi, 200
Bullfrog, 271
Burrows, 27
cockroach, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344
relative humidity in, 26
vertebrate, 23-24, 26, 27, 29
Bursera simaruba, 157
Burseraceae, 157
Busaria blattarum, 188
Busariidae, 187
Buthidae, 211
Buthus australis, 211-212
Butterfly nests, 66, 156, 317
Byrsotria cabrerae, 8, 40
fumigata, 8, 19, 40, 225, 333, 354; pl. 6
C
Cacao, 43, 52, 53, 55
Cacomistle, 288
Cafards, 207
Cahita borero, 8, 40
nahua, 8, 40
Caladium, 66, 143
Callithricidae, 285
Callithrix chrysoleucos, 285
chrysolevea, 285
jacchus, 285
Callitris sp., 55
Calluna vulgaris, 160
Calodexia venteris, 228
spp., 228
Caloglyphus spinitarsus, 217
sp., 218
Calyptracordia alba, 161
Camouflage, 344
Camponotus femoratus, 311, 314
maccooki, 316
maculatus, 312
pennsylvanicus, 267
rufipes, 312
Candida zeylanoides, 129
Canidae, 288
Canis familiaris, 288
latrans, 288
Canna, 151, 163
Cannaceae, 151
Cannibalism, 322-324
Cantao ocellatus, 320
Canthium barbatum, 161
CapÁ blanco, 66
Capillaria hepatica, 210
Capucinella delicatula, 147
Carabidae, 229
Carboniferous, 14
Care, maternal, 325-330
Cariblatta antiguensis, 8, 40, 158, 161
cuprea, 8, 40
delicatula, 8, 40, 143, 147, 295
hylaea, 8, 40, 147, 153
imitans, 8, 41
insularis, 8, 41, 145, 147, 339
landalei, 8, 41, 147
lutea, 23
lutea lutea, 8, 41, 153, 158, 295
lutea minima, 8, 42, 143; pl. 7
nebulicola, 8, 42, 145, 340
orestera, 8, 151
punctipennis, 8, 147
punctulata, 8, 143
reticulosa, 8, 42
spp., 42, 88
stenophrys, 8, 42 142, 156
Cariblattoides instigator, 8, 43
suave, 8, 43
Carica papaya, 159
Caricaceae, 159
Carnations, 163
Carnivora, 288
Carpinus orientalis, 38
Caryophanales, 124
Casuarina, 152, 164
Casuarinaceae, 152
Cat, 4, 289
ring-tailed, 288
Caterpillars, 319
Catopsis fulgens, 144

Cattleya, 151, 162-163
Caudata, 269
Caves, 16-17
Cavia sp., 288
Caviidae, 288
Cebidae, 284
Cebus apella, 284
capucinus, 284
Cecropia sp., 40, 153
Cedar, Japanese, 164
Centipedes, 3, 222-224, 319
house, 222
Centruroides gracilis, 212
hentzi, 212
vitattus, 212
Cephalobellus brevicaudatum, 194
magalhÃesi, 194
Cephalosporium sp., 131
Ceratinoptera diaphana, 7
picta, 8, 43, 159
Ceratonia siliqua, 156
Cercopithecidae, 286
Cercopithecus sp., 286, 343
Cestoda, 208
Chactidae, 212
Chaetochloa verticillata, 142
Chaetodactylus sp., 218
Chalceus macrolepidotos, 269
Challenger, H. M. S., 83
Chamaeleon chamaeleon, 275
oustaleti, 275
Chamaeleontidae, 275
Chameleon, 275
Channel cat, 269
Characidae, 269
Cheiloneurus viridiscutum, 244
Chelonia, 272
Chemotaxis, 331
Chenopodiaceae, 153
Chestnut, 44, 60-61
Chicken, 68, 82, 276, 278
Chilicabra, 281
Chilomastigidae, 169
Chilomastix mesnili, 169
Chilopoda, 222
Chimpanzee, 286
Chiroptera, 283
Chlamydosaurus kingii, 275
Chlorion compressum, 258
Chloris gayana, 141
Chordodes morgani, 201
pilosus, 202
puerilis, 201
Chordodidae, 201
"Chordotes" puerilis, 201
Chorisoneura barbadensis, 8, 147
flavipennis, 8, 43
formosella, 8, 43, 160
parishi, 8, 43
plocea, 8
sp., 295
specilliger, 8, 43
texensis, 8, 43, 152, 153, 157, 161, 316
translucida, 8, 44
Choristima sp., 9, 295
Choristimodes sp., 9, 295
Chromatonotus infuscatus, 9, 44
notatus, 9, 44, 77
Chromobacterium violaceum, 106
Chrysanthemums, 165
Chrysemys picta, 272
Cicadas, 257
Ciliata, 186
Ciliate, unidentified, 190
Cimex lectularius, 321
Cinchona pubescens, 162, 163
Ciniflo, 214
Citharexylum villosum, 43, 161
Citrus aurantifolia, 157
maxima, 157
sinensis, 157
sp., 157, 164
Cleonymidae, 243
Clepsidrina blattarum, 181
Clerada apicicornis, 226
Clerodendron trichotomum, 256-257
Clevelandella constricta, 189
contorta, 189
elongata, 189
hastula, 189
nipponensis, 189
panesthiae, 189
parapanesthiae, 189
Clevelandellidae, 102, 189
Clevelandia, 189
Clevelandiidae, 189
Clostridium feseri, 122
lentoputrescens, 122

novyi, 122
perfringens, 122
sporogenes, 122
spp., 122
tetani, 122
Clubiona, 214
Cnemidophorus sp., 275
Coati, 288
Coccidia, 184
Coccidioides periplanetae, 133
Coccinellidae, 348
"Coccobacillus," 126
Coccobacillus cajae, 120
Cockroach, American (see Periplaneta americana)
amphibious, 30-33, 48
aposymbiotic, 97-99
Australian (see Periplaneta australasiae)
beetle (see Diploptera punctata)
brown (see Periplaneta brunnea)
brown-banded (see Supella supellectilium)
burrowing, 27, 29, 30, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344
carnivorous, 6, 14, 319-324, 336
cavernicolous, 16-25, 37
checklists of, 290-310, 315
cinereous (see Nauphoeta cinerea)
colonies, 75, 327-334
commensal, 310-315
control, 1, 6, 84, 162, 331, 348
Cuban (see Panchlora nivea)
cypress (see Diploptera punctata)
dendricolous, 51
defenses, 343-348
desert, 25-30
disease relations, 1, 3, 74
domiciliary, 51, 70-90, 322, 331, 338, 349
enemies, 2-4, 91, 95-96
field (see Blattella vaga)
Florida (see Eurycotis floridana)
German (see Blattella germanica)
harlequin (see Neostylopyga rhombifolia)
Key West (see Blaberus craniifer)
Madeira (see Leucophaea maderae)
myrmecophilous, 310, 311-314
odor, 6, 84, 280, 344-347
oriental (see Blatta orientalis)
oviparous, 325-327
phytophagous, 68, 162-166
predaceous, 319-324
predators, escape from, 343
ship, 82-87
smoky brown (see Periplanet fuliginosa)
species, list of, 7-14
number of known, iii, 5
spotted Mediterranean (see Ectobius pallidus)
structural habitats of, 70-90
Surinam (see Pycnoscelus surinamensis)
undetermined, 308-310
viviparous, 31, 326, 328-330
"wood" (except here, usually Parcoblatta spp.), 214, 266, 274
Coconut, 35, 38, 49, 143
Cocos nucifera, 143
Coelosporidium blattellae, 185
periplanetae, 168, 176, 177, 185
Coenosia basalis, 229
Coffea sp., 162
Coffee, 66, 67
Coleolaelaps sp., 216; pl. 12
Coleoptera, 229-234, 348
"Colon bacilli," 126
Colonies, cockroach, 75, 327-334
Colubridae, 276
Columbidae, 278
Columbiformes, 278
Combretaceae, 159
Commensalism, 92
Commensals, 2-3, 95, 173, 310-314
cockroach, check list of, 315
Compatibility, interspecies, 337-341
Comperia merceti, 244, 255, 351, 355; pl. 34
merceti var. falsicornis, 244
Compositae, 162
Compsodes schwarzi, 9, 27, 316
Compsolampra, 9

Comptolampra liturata, 9, 44, 140, 141
Conocarpus erectus, 159
Conopidae, 228
Control, biological, 1, 6, 348-354
Convolvulaceae, 161
Coptotermes ceylonicus, 310
Coraciformes, 279
Cordaites, 14
Cordia dentata, 161
Cordyceps amazonica, 134
blattae, 134
Corn, 42, 48, 57, 58
Cornus mas, 38
Corvidae, 280
Corydia nuptialis, 14
Corynebacteriaceae, 110
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 110
Cosmozosteria lateralis, 9, 345
Costus sp., 316
Cotton, 66, 67, 158, 163
Coturnix coturnix japonica, 277
Coxsackie viruses, 103-104
Coyote, 288
Crappies, 269
Crataegus sp., 155
Crickets, 320-321
stone, 226
Crinum, 163
Cristatithorax, 244
Cryptocercus punctulatus, 9, 44, 62, 67, 100-103, 175-229, 295, 317, 326, 328, 339, 354; pl. 8
relictus, 9, 44
spp., 6, 34
Cryptomeria, 45, 140 164
Cucarachero, 281
Cucumber, 164
Cunoniaceae, 155
Cupressaceae, 141
Cupressus, 164
macrocarpa, 141, 164
Cutilia nitida, 9, 345
soror, 9, 45, 77, 296
sp. near sedilloti, 9; pl. 9
spp., 45, 296, 319
Cyanocitta cristata, 280, 346
Cyatheaceae, 139
Cycads, 166
Cynopotamus essequibensis, 269
Cyperaceae, 142
Cyperus sp., 142
Cypress, 45, 63, 164
Cypress pine, 55
Cyrilla, 42
Cyrtandra sp., 161
Cyrtocharax magdalenae essequibensis, 269
Cyrtotria capucina, 9, 27
D
Dasypodidae, 287
Dasypus novemcinctus, 287
Dates, 39
DDT, 278
Defenses, cockroach, 343-348
Dematiaceae, 132
Dendroblatta sobrina, 9, 45, 316, 330
Dendrocopus mahrattensis, 279
Dermaptera, 226
Dermestes ater, 234
sp., 234
Dermestidae, 234
Dermestids, 320
Derocalymma cruralis, 9, 100
lampyrina, 9, 27
porcellio, 9, 28
stigmosa, 8
Deropeltis autraniana, 9, 28
erythropeza, 9, 19
melanophila, 9, 28
nigrita, 9, 28
Deserts, 25-30
Dicarnosis alfierii, 245
Dictamnus fraxinella, 38
Didelphidae, 283
Diestrammena apicalis, 226
japonica, 226
Digenea, 208
Dinenymphidae, 170
"Diphtheroid I and II," 127
"Diplococci," 127
Diplococcus pneumoniae, 109
Diplocystidae, 181
Diplocystis schneideri, 168, 181
sp., 181; pl. 28
Diplogaster, 192
Diplogasteridae, 192
Diplogyniidae, 217
Diplogyniid, undetermined, 217

Diploptera dytiscoides, 9
punctata, 9, 45, 140-142, 152, 155-157, 159, 164, 216, 224-226, 259, 273, 280, 287, 296, 324, 334, 339, 347; pls. 10, 36
Dipodomys spectabilis spectabilis, 23
Diptera, 227
Disease organisms transmitted by cockroaches, 3
Dobellina, 177
Dog, 288
Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 282
Dolichurus bicolor, 260
corniculus, 260-261
gilberti, 261
greenei, 261
haemorrhous, 260
ignitus, 261-262
stantoni, 262, 263, 352
sp., 262
Dorylaea rhombifolia, 11
Dorylus (Anomma) nigricans subsp. sjostedi, 267
sp., 267
wilverthi, 267
Dove, Chinese, 278
Dragonfly, giant Hawaiian, 224
Drake (Francis), 83
Drassodes, 214
Drassus sp., 318
Dryadoblatta scotti, 9, 31, 45, 144, 145
Drymaplaneta, 319
Ducks, domestic, 277, 343
Duguay-Trouin, Cruiser, 232
Dyscologamia capensis, 9
chopardi, 10
pilosa, 9
wollastoni, 9
Dytiscidae, 230
E
Earthworms, 319
Earwigs, undetermined, 226
Eberthella oedematiens, 112
Echinococcus granulosis, 208
Eciton burchelli, 268, 280 sp., 228
Ecology, 14-96, 324-343
"Ectobia" spp., 135
Ectobia livida, 232
Ectobius africanus, 9, 45
albicinctus, 9, 46
duskei, 9, 46, 77
ericetorum, 9
germanicus, 8
lapponicus, 9, 46, 83, 100, 152, 160, 164, 296, 340
livens, 9
lividus, 9
lucidus, 9, 340
nicaeensis, 9, 46
nigripes, 256
pallidus, 9, 19, 47, 77, 100, 140, 153, 161, 296, 340; pls. 7, 29
panzeri, 9, 47, 153, 160, 296
panzeri var. nigripes, 9
perspicillaris, 9
semenovi, 9, 47, 152
spp., 19 214, 297
sylvester, 9, 47, 326, 340
sylvestris, 9
tadzihicus, 9, 48
vittiventer, 9, 19, 48
vittiventris, 9
Edentata, 287
Eleagnus, 48
Eleutheroda dytiscoides, 9
Ellipsidion affine, 9, 48, 297, 327
aurantium, 9
australe, 9, 48, 155, 160, 297, 327
bicolor, 9, 48, 142
pellucidum, 9
simulans, 9, 48, 141
spp., 35, 48
variegatum, 9, 329
Elm, 38
Embadomonas blattae, 167
Embryophyta siphonogama, 140
Emydidae, 272
Encephalomyelitis virus, mouse, 104
Encyrtidae, 94, 243, 245
Endamoeba blattae, 101, 102, 168, 177-178
coli, 178
javanica, 178
philippinensis, 178
thomsoni, 179
versus Entamoeba, 177
Endamoebidae, 177
Endolimax blattae, 101, 180
nana, 180
sp., 180
Endomycetales, 133
Entamoeba blattae, 177
blattarum, 177
coli, 178, 179
histolytica, 179
nana, 180
pitheci, 179
sp., 179-180
thomsoni, 179
Entedon hagenowii, 236, 249
Enterobacteriaceae, 111
Enterobius vermicularis, 209
Enterococcus, 109
Entomophthorales, 133
Ephestia kÜhniella, 99
Epilampra abdomen-nigrum, 9, 31, 48, 77, 141, 147, 160, 164, 297
annandalei, 9, 31-32
azteca, 9, 48
conferta, 9, 297
conspersa, 9, 145
grisea, 9, 100
maya, 9, 85, 145, 147
mexicana, 9, 147
mona, 9, 48, 144
notabilis, 9, 319
sodalis, 9, 145
spp., 9, 32, 85, 89, 145-147, 263, 297, 326, 344
tainana, 9, 49
wheeleri, 9, 49, 297
Epilamprinae, 30, 326, 348
unidentified, 33
Epimys norvegicus, 287
Epiphytes, 34, 44 (see also Bromeliads)
Epomphaloides ischnopterae, 249
Eremoblatta subdiaphana, 9, 28, 316
Ergaula capensis, 9, 49, 77, 311
scarabaeoides, 9, 19
Ericaceae, 160
Erinaceidae, 283
Erinaceus europaeus, 283
sp., 283
Erythrina glauca, 35, 156
Erythrocebus patas patas, 180
Escala circumducta, 13
longiuscula, 13
sp., 10, 297
Escherichia coli, 112
coli var. acidilactici, 112
coli var. communior, 113
freundii, 113
intermedium, 113
"Espino rubial," 66, 155
Estrildine sp., 318
Euandroblatta palpalis, 10, 28
Eubacteriales, 104
Eublaberus posticus, 10, 77, 89
Eucalyptus, 48, 231
Eucalyptus sp., 160
Eucharis, 163
Eucomonympha, 102
imla, 175, 176
Eucomonymphidae, 176
Eudromiella bicolorata, 10,

kevani, 10, 50, 158
lixa, 10, 147
manni, 10, 298
opaca, 10, 50
sabalianus, 10
Euscorpius carpathicus, 212
germanus, 212
italicus italicus, 213
Euthlastoblatta abortiva, 10, 24, 50, 143
Euthyrrhapha nigra, 10, 19
pacifica, 10, 77
Eutrichomastix sp., 169
Eutrichosomella blattophaga, 245
Evania, 237, 350
abyssinica, 239
appendigaster, 235, 236-237, 238, 239, 350-352
desjardinsii, 236
dimidiata, 239
impressa, 242
laevigata, 236
minuta, 235
princeps, 235
punctata, 240
sericea, 242
sp., 237, 251
subspinosa, 239
Evaniidae, 93, 234-243
Exothea paniculata, 36, 158
Eyeworm, chicken, 68, 164, 204-205, 277, 278, 343
F
Fagaceae, 152
Felidae, 289
Felis catus, 289
pardalis mearnsi, 290
Fennel, 237
Fern, 44, 140, 164
Fig, 344
Fighting, intraspecies, 323, 336-337
Filarien, 202
Fir, Scotch, 140
Fish, 3, 268-269
Flacourtiaceae, 159
Flagellate, unidentified, 176
Flies, conopid, 228
ichneumon, 236
muscid, 229
phorid, 227
sand, 322
sarcophagid, 229
tachinid, 228
Foeniculum vulgare, 237
Fondia sp., 318
Food, cockroaches as human, 286-287
contamination of, 83
of cockroaches, 16, 21, 31, 32, 45, 68, 72, 77, 83, 87, 162-166, 314, 318, 319-324
Forficulid, 339
Forficulidae, 226
Formica, 267
omnivora, 268
rufa, 316
rufibarbis, 312
sp., 316
subcyanea, 312
Formicariidae, 280
Formicas, 316
Formicidae, 267, 311
Formicinae, 311
Fossils, 14
Fowl, guinea, 343
jungle, 277
Fox, 288
Freycinetia sp., 141
Fringillidae, 282
Frogs, 4, 270-272
tree, 270, 353
Fungi, 3, 127-139
hyperparasitic in protozoa, 178, 188
Imperfecti, 129
Fungus gardens, 313
Fusiformis lophomonadis, 119, 173
G
Galebia aegyptiaca, 195
Galerita janus, 347
Galliformes, 277
Gallus sp., 277
Gamocystis tenax, 168, 184
Geckos, 273, 354
Gekko gecko, 272

Gekkonidae, 272
Geomys sp., 24
Geoscapheus robustus, 10, 319, 344
Geotrichum candidum, 131
Geraniaceae, 156
Geraniums, 156, 164
Gesneriaceae, 161
Giardia intestinalis, 171
sp., 172
Ginger, wild, 151
Glands, secretory, 345-347
Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora, 31, 144
Glyciphagidae, 218
Goat, 319
Goldenrod, 162
Gongylonema ingluvicola, 205
neoplasticum, 191, 206, 287
pulchrum, 192, 206
sp., 206
Gopher, pocket, 24
Gordiaceo, 202
Gordian worms, undetermined, 202; pl. 29
Gordiidae, 201
Gordioidea, 201
Gordius, 192
aquaticus, 201-202
blattae orientalis, 202
orientalis, 202
pilosus, 202
raphaelis, 202
sp., 202
Gossypium spp., 158
"Gram positive rods," 127
Gramineae, 141
Grapefruit, 66, 67
Graptoblatta notulata, 10, 50-51, 141, 147, 151, 158-161, 163, 298, 339
Grass, 37, 40, 42-53, 55, 59-62, 64-66, 69, 141-142
bunch, 64
desert, 27-30
feather, 46
marram, 47
Rhodes, 39, 141
saw, 42, 50
wire, 41, 52
Grassquit, Carib, 282
Greenhouses, 68, 80, 81, 155, 157, 162-165, 342
Gregarina blaberae, 184
blattae orientalis, 181
blattarum, 168, 181-182
fastidiosa, 182
gibbsi, 182
illinensis, 183
impetuosa, 183
lÉgeri, 183
neo-brasiliensis, 183
ohioensis, 183
panchlorae, 183
parcoblattae, 183
rhyparobiae, 168, 183
sandoni, 183
serpentula, 184
thomasi, 184
Gregarine, 181; pl. 28
Gregarinida, 181
unidentified, 184
Gregarinidae, 181
Gregariousness, 328, 330-336
physiological effects, 334-335
Grevisia, 144
Gromphadorhina laevigata, 10, 330
portentosa, 10, 298, 330, 354; pl. 12
Gru-gru, 142
Grubs, 317, 319
Gryllacrididae, 226
Guano, 16, 18-23
Guanobies, 16-17, 19
Guava, 54, 63, 67
GuÊpe ichneumon, 258
Guinea pigs, 288
Gum tree, 36, 53, 59, 61, 63, 155
Gumbo limbo, 43, 44, 157
Gymnasio nudipes, 279
Gymnopithys leucaspis, 280
Gyna kazungulana, 10, 19
maculipennis, 10, 19
sp., 298
tristis, 10, 20
vetula, 10
H
Habitats, 15
aquatic, 30-33, 48
beach, 36, 42, 47, 52, 53, 58, 63, 69
cave, 16-17

cultivated areas, 38, 39, 53, 58
desert, 25-30, 39, 59, 65, 67, 69
dumps and rubbish, 38-40, 50, 53, 55, 67, 69
flatwoods, 37, 41, 42, 53, 60
forest, 36-38, 40-47, 49-57, 59-66
grassland, 41, 42, 52, 53, 64
hammock, 41-43, 50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 68
marsh, 42, 50
outdoor, 33-70
rotten wood, 34, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 49-52, 56-63
sand dune, 47, 61
sandhills, 36, 41, 42, 47, 50, 52, 60
scrub, 36, 37, 40-42, 48, 50, 52, 55, 57-60, 62, 66, 67
soil, 37, 39, 49, 53, 55 58, 60, 67, 68, 344
steppe, 46, 47
stones and rock, 29, 31-33, 36-40, 43, 45-57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 67-70
structures, 70-90
aircraft, 87-90, 232
land-based, 73-82
ships, 82-87, 232-233
swamp, 41, 42, 46, 51, 53, 58, 61, 63, 66, 68
winter, 38-39, 61, 71
Hackberry, 50
Hadrurus arizonensis, 213
Hamamelidaceae, 155
Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, 124, 190, 191, 195-196
neyrae, 196
neyrai, 196
Haplosporidia, 185
Haplosporidium periplanetae, 185
Harpalus pennsylvanicus, 229
Hartmannella blattae, 177
Heather, 46, 47, 160
Hebardina concinna, 10, 278
Hedgehog, 4, 283, 354
Hedychium, 163
Helianthus sp., 162
Heliconia, 40
Helminths, 2-3, 190-210
cockroaches as intermediate hosts, 203-207
cockroaches as primary hosts, 192-202
ova carried by cockroaches, 208-210
Hemiblabera brunneri, 10, 51, 156
Hemidactylus frenatus, 272
Hemiptera, 226, 348
Hemithyrsocera histrio, 7
Hemlock, 44
Henicotyle antillarum, 10, 51
Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus, 289
sp., 289
Herpetomonas periplanetae, 167
Herpomyces, 93, 127-129
amazonicus, 134
anaplectae, 134
appendiculatus, 134
arietinus, 128, 134-135; pl. 27
chaetophilus, 135
chilensis, 135
diplopterae, 135
ectobiae, 135
forficularis, 135
gracilis, 135
grenadinus, 136
leurolestis, 136
lobopterae, 136
macropus, 136
nyctoborae, 136
panchlorae, 136
panesthiae, 136
paranensis, 136
periplanetae, 137, 138
phyllodromiae, 137
platyzosteriae, 137
stylopygae, 128, 137-138; pl. 27
supellae, 138
tricuspidatus, 138
zanzibarinus, 138
Heterodon contortrix, 276
platyrhinos, 276
Heterogamia aegyptiaca, 13
Heterogamodes krÜgeri, 10, 20
roseni, 7
rugosa, 10, 28
Heterometrus longemanus, 211, 213
Heteropoda regia, 215
venatoria, 215; pl. 30
Heteroptera, 318

Hexamita, 102
cryptocerci, 171
periplanetae, 171
sp., 171
Hexamitidae, 171
2-hexenal, 6, 280, 345-346
Hibiscus, 36, 40, 68, 158
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, 68, 158
Hickory, 53, 60, 61, 63
Hierodula tenuidentata, 224-225, 355; pl. 32
Histiostoma feroniarum, 217
Holocompsa azteca, 10, 77
cyanea, 10, 78
fulva, 10, 298
metallica, 10, 51
nitidula, 10, 78, 148, 339
zapoteca, 10, 20
Hololampra bivittata, 10, 51
chavesi, 10, 51, 155
maculata, 10, 51
marginata, 10, 51
punctata, 10, 298
sp., 51
Hololeptoblatta sp., 51, 141
Holomastigotidae, 172
Holoquiscalus brachypterus, 282
Holotricha, 186
Homalodemas cruralis, 9
Homalopteryx laminata, 10, 52, 151
scotti, 9
Hominidae, 286
Homo sapiens, 286
Honeydew, 237, 242
Hookworm, ova, 210
Hoplonymphidae, 173
Hoplosphoropyga babaulti, 10, 20
Hormetica apolinari, 10, 51
laevigata, 10, 52, 143, 145, 148
spp., 148
ventralis, 10, 148
Hormurus caudicula, 213
Hornbill, gray, 279
Huckleberry, 43, 57
Humidity reactions, 35, 72, 129
Hygrocrocis intestinalis, 124
Hygroreceptors, 72
Hygrotaxis, 72, 331
Hyla cinerea, 270
Hylidae, 270
Hymenolepididae, 208
Hymenolepis diminuta, 203
sp., 208
Hymenoptera, 2, 234, 311
cockroach-hunting wasps, 255-266
host selection by egg parasites, 254-255
hosts of commensal cockroaches, 311-314
predators and parasites of cockroach eggs, 234-254
Hypermastigina, 172
Hyperolius picturatus, 271
Hypoaspis sp., 217
Hypocreaceae, 134
Hypocreales, 134
Hyporhicnoda, 146
Hyptia dorsalis, 239
harpyoides, 239; pl. 33
reticulata, 239, 240
sp., 240
thoracica, 239, 240
I
Icteridae, 282
Icterus portoricensis, 280
Idionympha perissa, 174
Ignabolivaria bilobata, 10, 52
Iguanidae, 273
Ilex cassine, 66, 158
coriacea, 41, 158
lucida, 41, 158
rotunda, 257
Incertae sedis, fungi, 139
protozoa, 176
Inermicapsifer madagascariensis, 203
Infestations of cockroaches, 331
Inga laurina, 35, 156
vera, 35, 66, 67, 156, 317
Insecta, 224-268
Insectivora, 283
Inuus sylvanus, 286
Invertebrates in biological control, 349-352
Iodamoeba sp., 180
Iolina nana, 219
Iolinidae, 219
Ipomoea tiliasea, 66, 161
Iridomyrmex humilis, 268, 319

Ironwood, 164
Ischnomyrmex sp., 316
Ischnoptera, 134-135, 319
borealis, 12
cavernicola, 14
couloniana, 12
deropeltiformis, 10, 52, 142, 164, 298, 316, 336, 355; pl. 12A
divisa, 12
insolita, 12
major, 12
panamae, 10, 53
pennsylvanica, 12
podoces, 10, 53, 340
remyi, 14
rufa occidentalis, 10, 78, 145
rufa rufa, 10, 53, 78, 89, 148, 161, 298
rufescens, 82
schenklingi, 10, 142
spp., 85, 89, 267, 298, 316
uhleriana, 12
uhleriana fulvescens, 12
Ischnuridae, 213
Isoptera, 310
Isotricha caulleryi, 187
Isotrichidae, 187
J
Jasmine, 45
Jasminum pubescens, 45
Jay, blue, 280
Florida, 280
JÚcaro, 66
Juniper, 59
Juniperus sp., 65, 141
Jussiaea natans, 160, 164
K
Kakerlac schaefferi, 12
Kakkerlac, 260
Karnyia discoidalis, 10, 298
Kiawe tree, 164
Kingbird, grey, 35, 318
Klebsiella pneumoniae, 113
Kojukei, 277
Kuchinga hemerobina, 10, 298
remota, 10, 141, 148
KÜchenschaben, 100, 169, 171-173, 188
L
Laboulbeniaceae, 127, 134
Laboulbeniales, 134
Lactobacillus fermenti, 109
Lactobacteriaceae, 109
Laelaptidae, 216
Lamproblatta albipalpus, 10, 53, 148
meridionalis, 10, 53
Lampyrid, undetermined, 230; pl. 33
Lampyridae, 230
Laniidae, 281
Lanius ludovicianus, 281
Larvaevoridae, 228
Lasius alienus, 268
Lastrea aristata, 163
Latiblattella chichimeca, 10, 54, 145
lucifrons, 11, 54, 146, 255
rehni, 11, 54, 140, 144, 339
spp., 85, 148
vitrea, 11, 143
zapoteca, 11, 54
Latindia armata, 8
Latrodectus indistinctus, 215-216
mactans, 216
Lauraceae, 153
Leafhoppers, 320
Legumes, 165
Leguminosae, 155
Leidynema appendiculata, 124, 190, 191, 196-198
appendiculata var. americana, 197
appendiculata var. hispana, 197
appendiculata var. indiana, 197
cranifera, 198
delatorrei, 198
nocalum, 198
Leidynemella fusiformis, 198
panesthiae, 198
paracranifera, 198
Leiolopisma laterale, 274
Lemur coronatus, 283
fulvus, 283
tardigradus, 284
Lemuridae, 283
Leontocebus oedipus, 285
rosalia, 285
ursulus, 285
Lepidoptera, 316-318
Lepomis pallidus, 269
Leptodactylus albilabris, 271
pentadactylus, 271

Leptomonas blaberae, 167
sp., 167
Leptopelis calcaratus, 271
rufus, 271
Leptospironympha, 102
eupora, 172
rudis, 172
wachula, 172
Lesser apple worm, 65
Leucophaea maderae, 11, 54, 70, 71, 78, 86, 89, 119, 148, 162, 168, 171, 203, 204, 213, 224, 236, 247, 299, 322, 329, 330, 333, 335, 339, 342, 347; pls. 13, 28
sp., 299
striata, 13
surinamensis, 13
Leurolestes circumvagans, 11, 78
pallidus, 11, 71, 78, 299, 339
Lice, plant, 320
Lichens, 47, 51, 56, 64, 153
Liliaceae, 146
Lily, Brig, 84
Lily, Easter, 146, 164
Lime, 45, 66, 157, 164
Liopicus mahrattensis, 279
Liquidambar styraciflua, 155
Lissoblatta fulgida, 13, 157
Litopeltis biolleyi, 11, 54, 145
bispinosa, 11, 54, 58, 145, 148
deianira, 11, 54
musarum, 11, 54, 148
spp., 334
Lizards, 272-276, 353-354
Lobogynioides, 217
Lobolampra subaptera, 11, 55
Loboptera decipiens, 11, 55, 100, 299, 326, 350
dimidiatipes, 11
extranea, 11
sakalava, 11
sp., 299
thaxteri, 11, 55
Lobopterella dimidiatipes, 11, 55, 299, 338
Locustacarus sp., 219
Lophoblatta arawaka, 11, 55, 142
Lophocerus birostris, 279
Lophomonadidae, 172
Lophomonas, 101
blattarum, 101, 168, 172-173
striata, 101, 119, 168, 173
sulcata, 173
Loris tardigradus, 284
Lorisidae, 284
Lycolaimus, 192
Lycosa avida, 216
helluo, 216, 347
sp., 216; pl. 30
Lycosidae, 216
Lygaeidae, 226
Lymantria monacha, 121
M
Macaca cyclopis, 179
mulatta, 286
rhesus, 286
sylvanus, 286
Macaque, 286
Macropanesthia rhinocerus, 11, 55, 344
Macrospironympha, 102
xylopletha, 172
Macrotermes barneyi, 311
bellicosus, 311
malaccensis, 311
natalensis, 311
Maize, 55, 64, 142
Malleomyces mallei, 119
Malojillo, 31, 48, 141
Malpighian tubules, parasites in, 177, 185, 186
Malvaceae, 158
Mamestra oleracea, 120
Mammalia, 283, 354
Mammals, 3, 283
Mangifera indica, 157
Mangoes, 45, 157, 164
Mangrove, 36, 42, 53, 66
Mantidae, 224
Mantis, Carolina, 225
Chinese, 226
European, 225
Mantis religiosa, 225
Maple, 61-63
Marava arachidis, 339
Mareta acutiventris, 11, 317
Maretina uahuka, 11, 142, 155
Margattea sp., 317
Marsupialia, 283

Mastigophora, 166
Mastigoproctus giganteus, 211
sp., 211
Maze, 335
Mediterranean fruitfly, 252
Megachilidae, 314
Megalixalus fornasinii, 271
Megaloblatta blaberoides, 11, 55
rufipes, 11
Megalopyge krugii, 35, 317
Megamareta verticalis, 11, 56, 141
Megaselia sp., 227
Melanerpes portoricensis, 280
Melanosilpha capensis, 11, 299
Meleagrididae, 278
Meleagris gallopavo, 278
Meles sp., 289
Melipona nigra, 314
Melittobia chalybii, 248
Memnoniella echinata, 132
Mermis, 192, 202
Mermithidae, 192
Mermithids, undetermined, 192; pl. 29
Mermithoidea, 192
Mesquite, 37, 58, 156
Mestocharomyia oophaga, 248
Metallyticus semiaeneus, 225
Metarrhizium anisopliae, 131
Metrosideros collina, 160
Methana canae, 11, 56, 326
curvigera, 11, 56, 155, 326
marginalis, 11, 56, 79, 326
Methionine, 101
Micrococcaceae, 106
Micrococcus aurantiacus, 106
citreus, 106
epidermidis, 106
nigrofaciens, 106
pyogenes var. albus, 106-107
pyogenes var. aureus, 107
spp., 107, 108
ureae, 107
Microhabitats, 16-17, 25-26, 30-31, 33-35, 70-74
Microsporidia, 185
Microtetrameres helix, 206
Midas rosalia, 285
Mimicry, 6, 347-348
Mimosa, 57
Mines, 16, 19-21, 23
Miroblatta silphoides, 10
Mirotermes, 102
Mites, 2, 3, 211, 216-222, 318, 320
cheese, 222
cockroach, 219, 221
control, 222
mushroom, 218
unidentified, 220
Molossidae, 283
Molossus sp., 283
Moluchia (?) dahli, 11, 56
Monadidae, 167
Monas sp., 167
Monastria biguttata, 11, 344
sp., 299
Mongoose, 289, 354
Monilaceae, 130
Moniliales, 129
Moniliformidae, 203
Moniliformis dubius, 203, 270, 271, 276
kalahariensis, 203
moniliformis, 191, 204
Monkey, 4, 284-286, 343
Canal Zone night, 284
Darien black spider, 284
white-faced, 284
Monocercomonas orthopterorum, 169
Monocercomonoides, 102
globus, 169
melolonthae, 168, 169
orthopterorum, 169-170
panesthiae, 170
Monodelphis sp., 283
Mononychoblatta, 26
Moraceae, 153
Mosquitoes, 322
Moss, 46, 47, 56, 64
Spanish, 54, 144
"Mouche bleue, La," 260
Mouse, 103-104
sand, 24
white-footed, 24 205
Mucor guilliermondii, 132
sp., 132
Mucoraceae, 132
Mucorales, 132
Muridae, 287
Murorinae, 129

Mus decumanus, 287
musculus, 287
Musa (see banana)
Musaceae, 146
Muscidae, 229
Mustelidae, 289
Mutant, white-eyed, 21
Mutualism, 92, 96-102
Mutuals, 95
Muzoa madida, 11, 56
Mycetozoa, 176
Mycobacteriaceae, 123
Mycobacterium avium, 123
friedmannii, 123
lacticola, 123
leprae, 123
lepraemurium, 123
phlei, 123
piscium, 124
spp., 124
tuberculosis, 124
Myna (mynah), 281
Myrica cerifera, 43, 152
Myricaceae, 152
Myrmeblattina longipes, 11, 314
Myrmecoblatta rehni, 11, 312
wheeleri, 11, 314
Myrmecophiles, 311-314, 316
Myrmicaria natalensis, 316
Myrmicinae, 312
Myrtaceae, 160
N
Namablatta bitaeniata, 11, 28
Nasua narica, 288
nasua, 288
sp., 289
Nasutitermes costalis, 317
Nauclidas nigra, 11, 56, 148, 326, 327
Nauphoeta bivittata, 11
brazzae, 11
cinerea, 11, 70, 79, 86, 89, 100, 115, 116, 123, 162, 163, 192, 224-226, 259, 299, 324, 330, 335, 337, 339; pl. 14
flexivitta, 11, 148, 163
punctipennis, 11, 28
Necator americanus, 210
Nectandra coriacea, 43, 153
Neisseria meningitidis, 109
Neisseriaceae, 109
Nelipophygus ramsdeni, 11, 56
Nematoda, 192, 204, 209
Nematodes, 2-3, 190-192, 204, 209
undetermined, 201
Nematomorpha, 201
Neoaplectana chresima, 192-193
sp., 192
Neoblattella brunneriana, 11, 145
carcinus, 11, 148
celeripes, 11, 148, 324
detersa, 11, 56, 148
dryas, 11, 56, 145, 160, 340
eurydice, 11, 57, 145, 340
fratercula, 11, 86, 145, 148
fraterna, 11, 86
grossbecki, 11, 57, 145
laodamia, 11, 148
nahua, 11, 86, 145
proserpina, 11, 57, 145, 160, 339
semota, 11, 57, 148
spp., 79, 86, 89, 148, 149, 324
tridens, 11, 148
vatia, 11, 148
Neonephrites partiniger, 230
Neorhipidius neoxenus, 230
Neostylopyga rhombifolia, 11, 70, 77, 79, 86, 138, 209, 210, 224, 255, 259, 272, 273, 280, 300, 346; pl. 15
Neotoma sp., 23-25, 37, 50
Nepenthaceae, 154
Nepenthes ampularia, 154
gracilis, 154
sp., 154
Nephrites australis, 231
nitidus Riek not Shuckard, 231
sp., 231
Nepidae, 227
Nesomylacris cubensis, 11, 57
relica, 11, 57, 145
Nests, ant, 27, 311-314, 316
bird, 35, 318
insect, 35, 43, 66, 67, 69, 156, 317, 318
rodent, 23-25, 37, 50
spider, 215-216, 317
Neuroptera, 227
Nicotiana sp., 161
Nocardia sp., 124

"Nocticola" azteca, 149
Nocticola, 17, 149
bolivari, 11, 17, 57
caeca, 11, 20
decaryi, 11, 20
simoni, 12, 20
sinensis, 12, 311
termitophila, 12, 311
Nosema periplanetae, 185, 186
Nosematidae, 185
Nothoblatta wasmanni, 12, 312
Notila proteus, 170
Notolampra antillarum, 12, 144, 159
Nucleophaga sp., 178
Nyctibora azteca, 12, 149
brunnea, 12, 145
holosericea, 12, 149
laevigata, 12, 57, 145, 149, 339
latipennis, 12
lutzi, 12, 57, 145, 317
mexicana, 12, 149
noctivaga, 12, 86, 100, 145, 149
obscura, 12, 57, 149, 300
sericea, 12, 149
spp., 86, 149, 300
stygia, 12, 58, 156
tomentosa, 12, 300
Nyctotherus, 92, 101, 102
buissoni, 188
ovalis, 101, 102, 168, 188
uichanci, 188
viannai, 189
Nymphytria, 26
O
Oak, 36-38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 52, 53, 59-66, 152-153
Oats, wild, 52, 142
Ocelot, 290
Ocneria dispar, 126
Ocotea catesbyana, 43, 153
Octomitus periplanetae, 171
Odonata, 224
Odontomachus affinis, 314
clarus, 316
haematodes insularis var. pallens, 316
Odontotermes sp., 311
Oikomonadidae, 166
Oikomonas blattarum, 166
sp., 166, 167
Oligacanthorhynchidae, 203
Onagraceae, 160
Oniscosoma granicollis, 12, 300
spp., 58, 344
OÖthecae, concealment of, 47, 61, 63, 325-327
Ophion luteus, 261
Opisthoplatia maculata, 12, 30, 32-33
orientalis, 12, 33, 58
Orange, 45, 157, 164
Orangutan, 70
Orchidaceae, 151
Orchids, 151, 162-163, 164, 237
Origins of domiciliary cockroaches, 70-71
Oriole, Puerto Rican, 280
Oriolidae, 280
Orthoptera, 2, 15, 16, 25, 34, 85, 88, 224
Oulopteryx meliponarum, 12, 314
Ovipositor, cockroach, 15
Owls, 276, 353
bare-legged, 279
Oxyhaloa buprestoides, 12, 70, 79, 86
deusta, 12, 149
Oxymonadidae, 170
Oxymonas, 102
doroaxostylus, 170
nana, 170
Oxyspirura mansoni, 68, 191, 204-205, 278
Oxyuridae, 209
Oxyuris aegyptiaca, 195
australasiae, 199
blattae, 193, 196
blattae orientalis, 195, 196
blatticola, 193
bulhÕesi, 200
diesingi, 195
(?) heterogamiae, 199
kÜnckeli, 199
macrura, 195
panesthiae, 198
Oxyuroidea, 193, 204, 209
P
Palamnaeus, 211
Palissota, 34
Paliurus aculeatus, 38

Pallasiomys meridionalis pennicilliger, 24
Palmae, 141
Palmetto, 37, 49, 50, 57, 62, 64, 67, 166
Palms, 45, 50, 52, 58, 64, 143, 150, 164
coconut, 36, 40, 42, 50, 53, 56, 58, 64, 68, 143
date, 143
royal, 54, 143
sago, 166
Pan sp., 286
Panchlora antillarum, 12, 58, 143, 149
cubensis, 12
exoleta, 12, 150, 300
fraterna, 12, 150
maderae, 11
nivea, 12, 58, 79, 86, 89, 142, 150, 300; pl. 16
peruana, 12, 150
sagax, 12, 58, 150
spp., 150, 324
virescens, 12, 150
Panchlorinae, 231
Pandanaceae, 141
Pandanus, 51, 141, 150
Panesthia, 102
angustipennis, 12, 100, 300
australis, 12, 58, 301, 327, 354; pl. 8
"brevicollis," 194
javanica, 12
laevicollis, 12, 58, 301, 327
lobipennis, 12, 301
spp., 301, 328
spadica, 12, 301
Panicum barbinode, 141
purpurascens, 141
Papayas, 45, 159, 164
Papio papio, 286
Parabuthus capensis, 212
Parachordodes raphaelis, 202
Paraclevelandia brevis, 190
simplex, 190
Paracolobactrum aerogenoides, 113
coliforme, 113
spp., 113
Paradisea papuana, 280
Parahormetica bilobata, 12, 301
Parameciidae, 186
Paramecium sp., 186-187
Paranephrites xenus, 230
Parapolyphaga erectipilis, 9-10
Parasites, 91, 95-96; pls. 16, 27, 29, 35
cockroach egg, 2, 234-254, 350-352; pls. 33, 34
host selection by, 254-255
Parasitism, 91-94
Parcoblatta, 350
americana, 12, 267
bolliana, 12, 59, 338
caudelli, 12, 59
desertae, 12, 25, 29, 59, 316
divisa, 12, 59, 140, 152, 153, 155
fulvescens, 12, 24, 59-60, 79, 140
lata, 12, 60, 79, 100, 140, 152, 301, 333, 339
notha, 12, 80
pensylvanica, 12, 15, 61, 80, 100, 152, 153, 257, 302, 318, 319, 327, 333, 339; pl. 17
spp., 17, 20, 63, 144, 206, 302, 316, 333, 336
uhleriana, 12, 15, 61-62, 100, 302, 339; pls. 18, 33
virginica, 12, 15, 62-63, 100, 230, 255, 257, 258, 302, 316, 323, 333; pls. 17, 27, 33
zebra, 12, 63, 140, 155
Parinarium, 34
Parsley, 237
Parsnip, 240
Partridge, 278
Parvobacteriaceae, 119
Passer domesticus, 282
Passeriformes, 280
Passiflora sp., 37, 159
Passifloraceae, 159
Pasteurella multocida, 119
pestis, 119
Pastinaca sativa, 240
Paxylomma buccata, 255
p-benzoquinone, 216, 347
p-chlorophenyl, p-chlorobenzene sulfonate, 222
Pedipalpida, 211
Pelmatosilpha coriacea, 12, 63, 142, 150, 151, 160
kevani, 12, 63

marginalis, 12, 150, 326
purpurascens, 12, 63, 150, 326
rotundata, 12, 145
vagabunda, 12, 150
Peltomyces blattellae, 176
periplanetae, 176-177
Penicillium sp., 131
Periplaneta americana, 12, 17, 20, 63-64, 70, 71, 80, 83, 84, 87, 89, 98-101, 103, 104, 106, 126, 129, 143, 150, 151, 56, 162, 163, 166, 190, 191, 205, 211-213, 223, 225, 226, 229, 245, 255, 271, 272, 276, 280, 302-304, 318, 320, 321, 323-327, 332, 334-336, 338-340, 342, 346-348, 350-352, 354; pls. 19, 33, 34, 35
australasiae, 12, 21, 55, 64, 70, 71, 80, 87, 89, 100, 105, 115, 117, 123, 143, 150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 163, 209, 210, 214, 225, 304-305, 318-320, 323, 326, 327, 333, 335, 338, 339, 341, 342, 348, 350, 351, 354; pls. 20, 32
brunnea, 12, 64, 70, 80, 150, 153, 171, 305, 323, 325-326, 340, 346; pl. 21
cavernicola, 12, 16, 21
fortipes, 13
fuliginosa, 12, 64, 81, 158, 164, 251, 277, 305, 327, 335, 338; pl. 22
ignota, 12, 81, 115, 327
lata, 12, 21
orientalis, 8
picea, 12
spp., 21, 90, 305-306, 317, 352
tartara, 8
Periplaneticola mirzaia, 193
Perisphaerus armadillo, 12, 329
glomeriformis, 12, 329, 347
sp., 21, 329
Periwinkle, 47
Permian, 14
Perodicticus potto, 284
Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, 205
polionotus rhoadsi, 24
Petitia domingensis, 66, 317
Petroselium crispum, 237
Phaetalia pallida, 12, 81
Phasianidae, 277
Phasianus calchicus karpowi, 277
sp., 277
Pheasants, 277
Pheidole megacephala, 268
Phidon (?) dubius, 13, 64
Phileciton longipes, 314
Philip, Ship, 83
Philodromus pernix, 318
Phlebonotus pallens, 13, 329
Phlebotomus papatasii, 322
Phoenix dactylifera, 143
Pholadoblatta inusitata, 13, 316
Phoraspidinae, 329
Phoraspis sp., 64, 142
Phoridae, 227
Phormictopus cancerides, 214
Phorticolea boliviae, 13, 311, 314
testacea, 13, 312
Phryganoporus, 317
Phycomycetes, 132
Phyllodromia germanica, 8
hemerobina, 10
hieroglyphica, 10
humbertiana, 8
nigrocincta, 14
obtusata, 7
parenthesis, 14
spp., 306, 352
supellectilium, 13-14
treitliana, 13, 245
Phyllodromica brevipennis, 13, 64
graeca, 13, 65
irinae, 13, 65
maculata, 13, 65
megerlei, 13, 65, 153
polita, 13, 65
pygmaea, 13, 65, 141
tartara, 13, 65
tartara nigrescens, 13, 65, 141, 162
Physaloptera hispida, 191, 207
maxillaris, 191, 207, 288, 289
praeputialis, 207
rara, 191, 207, 288, 289
turgida, 191, 207
Physalopteridae, 207
Physignathus lesueurii, 275
Phytoseiidae, 216