  “Above sea level,” described, 318. Absence of mind, remarkable instances of, note, 170. Acceleration of East Indian contract steamers, its importance, 247. Accidents on railways, 173; statistical account of, 176; causes of, 178; impossible to prevent them altogether, 179; cost of, 180; small in proportion to accidents from other causes, 181; accidents in London, 181; carriage, note, 181; by shipwreck, 182; in collieries and by fire, 183; on American railways and steamers, 184; on Indian railways, 290. Affghanistan, the Long Railway will pass through it, 271, 300; opinion of Mr. A. H. Layard, M.P., thereon, 300. Africa, mountains of, note, 9; railway mileage of, note, 211. Ainsworth, William Harrison, his “Turpin’s Ride to York,” note, 215. Alba Lake, tunnel from, 364. Aldworth, Miss, the lady Freemason, note, 210. Alexandria, comparative distances to, from London, 429. Allen, inventor of Cross Posts, note, 103. “Allen’s Indian Mail,” its views upon East Indian railway extension, note, 262. Alpine passes enumerated, 7; heights of, note, 319. Alps, the, traversed from the earliest periods, 6; Hannibal’s army crosses them, 6; the first tunnel under, 366; the Great Tunnel of, described, 401. America, mountains of, note, 10; railway mileage of, note, 211. American railways and steamers, accidents upon, 184. American trotting horses, their pace, 188. Anglia, unde derivatur, note, 167. Anne, Duchess of Savoy, first constructor of an Alpine tunnel, 366. Annuities Act, the Post Office, 101. Apennines, the highest peaks of, note, 9; railway from Pistoja to Poretta described, 344. Arbitration, differences between railways and the Post Office to be settled by, 75; opposition to it by the Post Office, 76; the only real mode of settling with railways, 123; Mr. E. Page’s opinion on it, 445. Argyll, the Duke of, Postmaster-General, 102; senator, politician, man of letters, note, Army, British, that must be maintained in India, 300. “As the crow flies,” described, 343. Ascending heights, by man and animals, 320. Ashford, locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Asia Minor, the Long Railway will pass through it, 271, 300; opinion of Mr. A. H. Layard thereon, 300. Asia, mountains of, note, 9. Atlantic, grand tunnel under the, 400. Atlantic islands, mountains of, note, 10. Attock, the Indus at, note, 278, 280; the tunnel at, 395. Australia, mountains of, note, 10; British exports to, 54; coal in, for Indian railways, 288; railways in, see Railways. Austria, mountains of, note, 8; foremost among nations in constructing railways, 12; postage stamps in, how called, note, 142; mileage of railways in, note, 297. Avalanches, protection from, on the Mont Cenis Railway, 353. “Bagmen” travelling on railways, note, 171. Bahamas, the, cotton supply from, note, 299. Baker, Sir Samuel, his views respecting railway extension in India, note, 263. Ball, John, late president of the Alpine Club, Alpine passes and peaks enumerated by him, note, 319. Banging of railway carriage doors, note, 213. Barlow, Peter W., Esq., C.E., his proposed Thames subway, 395. Barrow Docks, opening of, note, 51. Bavaria, mountains of, note, 9; mileage of railways in, note, 297. Belgium, the first continental nation to construct railways, 12; fastest trains in, 113; postage stamps in, note, 142; locomotive constructing establishments in, 193; mileage of railways in, note, 297; railway tunnels in, 380. Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Great Britain, note, 9. Bermuda, cotton supply from, note, 299. Bernardino Pass, the, 10. Bessemer process of steel manufacture, 201; its great value and importance, note, 202. Beypoor, unsuitable terminus for Madras Railway, 256. Bhore Ghaut, the, described, 252. Birmingham, rainfall in, note, 281. Bletchley Station, 220. Blue Coat School, the, note, 217. Board of Trade, its powers respecting cheap parliamentary trains, 61; errors in its calculations, 71; its wreck register, 182; Captain Tyler’s report to, on the Mont Cenis Railway, 347. Boetia, ancient tunnel in, 364. Bohemia, mountains of, note, 8. Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway, the, 258; proposed extension of, to Delhi, 260; working expenses, 289. Bombay, development necessary at, for it to become the capital of India, note, 258; advantage to Bombay of the extension of the Baroda line to Delhi, 260. Book Post, the, Mr. Page’s vindication, 450; refuted, 471. Bordeaux, the port for the Orleans Railway Company, 24; population of, note, 31. Box Tunnel, the, its ventilation, 411. Bradshaw’s Continental Guide, 32. Bray Head, proposed tunnels under, 371. Bread winners and bread managers, note, 161. Brenner, the, a very old Alpine pass, 11; the railway over the Pass, 13; its political importance, 14; its first time table, note, Bridgewater, Duke of, opening of his canal, 65. Brighton Locomotive and Carriage Establishment, 209. Brindisi described, 428; its importance for the conveyance of the Eastern mails, 429, 496. Brindisi, distance from London vi Brenner Pass, note, 15. Bristol, the highest rainfall in, of England, note, 281. Britannia Tubular Bridge, the, described, 391. British Columbia, Canadian railways to extend to, 306. Broadstone Locomotive and Carriage Establishment, 209. Brockedon, William, his illustrated work on Alpine passes, 7. Brunlees, James, Esq., C.E., 346. Bucke, W., engineer of Manchester and Birmingham Railway, 4. Bulk, not weight, the real manner in which mails must be estimated, 85. Burke, John, Esq., C.E., his tunnel under the Liffey, 394. Byron, Lord, educated at Harrow, 218; recollection of his schoolboy days, note, CÆsar, Julius, his tunnel under Uxellodum, 365. Cairn Tual, the highest mountain in Ireland, note, 9. Calais to Paris, railway distance, 15; to Nice, 240; to Constantinople, 270. Calcutta and South-Eastern Railway, the, 273; working expenses, 290. Calcutta, population of, note, 259; postal communications with, 247; their future accelerations, 266, 272. Caledonian Railway, its locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. California, discovery of gold in, 17; telegraphing with London, 19. Campbell, Lord, his lives of the Chancellors of England, full of blunders, note, 324. Canada, railways in, 301, see Railways; proportion of, to population, 305. Canals, passengers carried on them in 1837, 57; effect of their opening upon the cost of conveying goods, 65; canals have not suffered through railways—dividends in 1846 and 1867, 67, note, 149; their length in Great Britain, 368; tunnels in, canals in France, note, 377. Canton, distance from San Francisco, 22. Cape of Good Hope Railway, the, 311. Capital invested in British railways, 40, 147; can no longer be charged with working expenses, 55. Capitol of Rome, how saved, 213. Carriage accidents in London, note, 181; doors of railways, banging of, 213. Carson, city, 19. Cat, the, its power of ascending elevations, 321. Catherine of Arragon introduces the mantilla and farthingale into England, note, 210. Cattle conveyed on British railways, 40; imported in 1866, 70. Celerity of postal communication, Mr. Frederick Hill’s notions upon, 129; inaccuracy of Post Office assertions thereon, 130. Cenis, the, Mont. See Mont. Central American Honduras Railway, the, 312. Centre rail system, Mr. Fell’s claims as its inventor, 337. Ceylon Railway, the, 313. Chaix, M. M., “Indicateur des Chemins de Fer,” 32. Chalmers, Mr. James, his subway between France and England, 398. Charterhouse School, note, 217. Chaucer, Geoffrey, note, 168. Cheshire, production of coal in, note, 49. Christ’s Hospital School, note, 217. City of London, value of house property in, note, 326. Cleghorn, Mr. John, his railway statistical tables, 40. Coal, conveyance of, by railway, rapidly increasing, 48; extraction of, from British collieries, how consumed, 50; its existence in India, note, 284; cost of, on Indian railways, 286; prospects of its being found in India, 288; Labuan and Australia, Cochin, best sea-board terminus for the Madras railway, 257. Coffee, the use of, diminishing in Great Britain, 71. Col di Tenda, the, 8; height of, 319; tunnel under in the 15th century, 366. Cold, how excluded from the Hauenstein tunnel, 416. Collieries, number of, in Great Britain, note, 49; loss of life in, 183. Colonies of Great Britain that supply it with cotton, 299. Combinations, their injurious effects upon workmen, note, 159; note, 161. Commission of 1853, on Contract Packet Services, extract from its report, 267. Committee on Postal and Telegraphic Communications with the East, extract from its report, note, 266. Constantinople, railways to, 271. Corkscrew, the, ladies ungraceful in the use of, 228; advice thereon, 229; its analogy to mountain railways, 402. Corn, foreign, imports of, 72. Corporation of the City of London, great works accomplished by, 326; further required, 327; its columns of Luxor, 328. Cotton, cost of conveyance from Liverpool to Manchester, last century, 65; districts of India, the, 295; whence imported into England, 299. Crampton engines, 190. Crawford, R. W., Esq., M.P., memorandum on the East Indian Railway, note, 251. Crewe works, locomotives made at, 192; the town and works described, 194; statistics in 1849, 196; in 1867, 200; steel and iron rail manufactory, 201; modern Crewe, 204; its municipal government, 206; places of worship and schools, 207. Crinoline forbidden on locomotives, 210; its introduction into England, note, Cumberland, production of coal in, note, 49. Cusack, Mr. Ralph, establishes low railway fares in Ireland, 45. Daft, T. B., Esq., C.E., his proposed steamers between Newhaven and Dieppe, note, 397. DÂk, establishment of, between Jubbulpore and Nagpore, note, 247. Danvers, Juland, Esq., government director of Indian railways, his annual reports on them, 247, 248, 256, 272, 277, 290. Day mails, their number to and from London, 106. De Camp, Monsieur A., 97. Debenture capital of British railways, 147; holders, number of, in Indian railways, 276. Delhi Railway, the, 273. Demerara Railway, the, 311. Derby locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Derby, Right Hon. the Earl of, speech upon combinations, note, 159. Derby, the, speed at which it is run, 186. Derbyshire, production of coal in, note, 49. Desbriere, Monsieur P., Etudes sur la Locomotion au Moyen du Rail Central, his resumÉ as to the priority of the centre rail discovery, 336. Dingwall and Skye Railway, note, 239. from Dover and Penzance to the North of Scotland, 240; traversed by the Eastern mails, 496. Dividends upon share capital of British railways, 147. Divine service, arrangements for, at Crewe, 206. Dix, General John A., president Union Pacific Railroad, 22. Docks, importance of, at Bombay, note, 258; advantages of, to Southampton, note, 259. Dog, the, its power of ascending elevations, 321. Dogs travelling on railways, note, 171. Doncaster locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Dove Hole Tunnel, 372; singular accident in, 425. Dover, railway distance from, to North of Scotland, 240. Dublin, rainfall in, note, 281. Duncombe, George, Esq., his noble contribution to the town of Crewe, 206. Durham, production of coal in, note, 49. Earlestown, waggon repairing establishment, 200. East Indian Railway, the, its commencement, 245; its present extent, 246; importance of completing the gap from Jubbulpore towards Bombay, 247; cost of the Railway, 248; its alleged mismanagement, note, history of, by R. W. Crawford, Esq., M.P., note, 251; its net earnings exceed the Government guarantee, 277; iron sleepers upon, 283; coal-fields adjacent to the line, 287; working expenses, 289; provident fund, 293; its insufficiency, 294. Eastern Bengal Railway, the, 273. Eastern Counties Railway, strike upon, in 1849; described, note, 161; locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Eastern mails, weight and dimensions of, in 1839, 90; their great bulk and weight, 431, 488; savings to be effected by sending them vi Brindisi, 490; table of the several routes, 496. Edinburgh, course of post from London, 1672 to 1867, 2; Journey from, to Marseilles in 1867, 157; speed of limited mail to, 237; rainfall in, note, 281. Edinburgh Review, the, describes the tunnel of the Alps, 426. Edward VI., founder of Christ’s Hospital and other schools, note, 216. Eggs, imports of, 72. Elephants have crossed the Alps, 7. Elevations, powers of ascending them, by man and animals, 321. Elizabeth, Queen, on the “Winton birching,” note, 216; her letter to the Bishop of Ely, note, 324. Engine, the Locomotive, a ride upon, from London to Stafford and back, 210. Engine drivers, strike of, upon the Eastern Counties Railways in 1849, note, 161; their numbers on English railways, 211. Engine manufacturers, British and Continental, 191. Engines, dimensions of, on the Soemmering Pass, 13; number of, on British railways, 45; fuel consumed by them, 50; number of component parts, 172; effects of bursting a tube, 173; compared to horses, 186; speeds of various classes of engines, 188; great size and power of some on the Continent, 189; inside and outside cylinder engines, 190; names of makers of, 191; number made annually in England and abroad, 191; railway establishments for the repairs of, 209; the engine in steam, 213; started, 215; capacity of their tenders, 219; engines and watches compared, 244. Engineering newspaper, the, extracts from, notes, 125, 202, 237, 248, 264, 284. England, Helvellyn, the highest mountain in, note, 9; prosperity of, 164; public schools of, note, 216; commercial value of the East Indian Railways to, 296. Englishmen for thirteen centuries described by Professor Henry Morley, note, 167; national character of, similar to that of the Romans, note, 169. Etna, Mont, height of, note, 9. Eton College, note, 216. Euphrates River, the, described, note, 264; the tunnel under, 359. Euphrates Valley Railway, the, 262, 266. Europe, railway mileage of, note, 211. Euston Station, its Doric portico, 212; departure of a train from, 213. Fares on French railways, 30; high on Irish railways, 44. Fell, Mr. John, the inventor of the centre rail system, 332; the system explained, 334; his appreciation both in theory and practice, 337; his experiments on the High Peak Railway, 338; on the Mont Cenis, 330; effect of the centre rail going round curves, 342; the Emperor Napoleon’s appreciation of the system, 349. Ferrovia Calabro-Sicula, the, 433. Ferrovia Meridionale of Italy, 427. Fire, accidents by, 183; houses destroyed by, in London, note, 184; expense of, in several cities, Fish, conveyance of, on railways, 156. Fitzgerald, Sir Seymour, Governor of Bombay, ordered to report on Kurrachee Harbour, note, 264. Florence, distance from London vi Brenner Pass, note, 15; vi Mont Cenis, 437. Food, large conveyance of, by railways, 70; imports of, from abroad, 71. Foot mileage of the Post Office, great variety in its cost, 123. Foreign postage stamps, note, 142. Forest of Dean, production of coal in, note, 49. France possesses the three highest mountains in Europe, note, 8; history of railways in, 24; railway passenger traffic of, 30; cheap railways in, 31; railway postal service in, 38; material progress of, note, 54; letters and newspapers circulating in, note, 81; rural postmen in, note, 97; speed of railway trains in, 112, 130; stopping trains in, often unpunctual 114; postage stamps in, note, 142; fortunate escape through not annexing Luxemburg, note, 143; locomotive establishments of, 193; mileage of railways in, note, 297; canal and railway tunnels in, 377; mode of their construction, note, 378; subways and tunnels from England to, 396. Francis, John, his valuable compendium of English railways, 74. Franks, number of, in 1839, 75. Fraser, J. M., Esq., C.E., upon British railway tunnels, 370. Free trade has developed the present commercial grandeur of England, 151; America takes a different view, note, free trade and the railway, the twin sisters of progress, 165. Freemason, Miss Aldworth, the lady, note, 210. Fremont, General, 17. Frere, Sir Bartle, his views on Indian railway extension, note, 262. Frith, W. P., Esq., R. A., his pictures “The Derby Day” and “The Railway Station,” 212. Fucinus, Lake, ancient tunnel from, 365 Fuel for Indian railways, 284. Furies, the, and the officials of St. Martin’s-le-Grand, 146. Gammond, M. Thome de, his subway between France and England, 398. Gauge of railways, note, 110. Gauges, the battle of the, 4. Genevre Mont, the, 8; height of, note, 319. Germany, locomotive building establishments in, 192; railways in, note, 297; railway tunnels in, 377. Ghaut, the Bhore, 252; the Thull, 254. Gibraltar, height of summit, note, 9. Gibson, Rt. Hon. Milner, the author of the abolition of stamps on newspapers, 80. Giovi incline, the 344. Gladstone, Rt. Hon. Wm., speech of, on King Iron, note, 51; gratitude due to him for establishing Post Office Savings Banks, 100. Glasgow, rainfall in, note, 281. Gloucestershire, production of coal in, note, 49. Glover, Colonel, his memorandum on Indian telegraphs, note, 280. Glyn, George Carr, Esq., M.P., 74. Gold, discovery of, in California, 17. Goods conveyed on British railways, 40, 47; cost and speed of conveyance in the last century, 65; contents of first goods train on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 66; slow development of goods traffic on British railways, 66; increase in subsequent years, Government Insurance and Annuities Act, the, 101; transmission of documents which its establishment renders necessary, Gradients, the early, on English railways, 4; maximum at present, 5; explained, 322; on the Mont Cenis Railway, 331; on mountain road, 343; that engines can ascend, 344. Grand Junction Railway incorporated, 2; opened, used by the Post Office as soon as opened, 73. Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, the, begun, 302; its length and cost, 305; Victoria Bridge upon, 391. Great Britain, mountains of, note, 9. Great Indian Peninsula Railway, the, its course and works, 252; receipts, 254; its liability to heavy working charges, 255; its net earnings exceed the government guarantee, 277; working expenses, 289. Great Southern of India Railway, the, 274; working expenses, 289. Great St. Bernard, 8; height of, note, 319. Great Vallon Mountain, the, the Tunnel of the Alps carried through it, 401. Great Western Railway has the fastest train in England, 110; its gauge, note, Great Western Railway of Canada, the, 302; its length and cost, 305. Greece, mountains in, note, 8. Gregory, Charles Hutton, Esq., C.E., Post Office Arbitrator, 132, 144. Gretna Green pace, the, 187. Griffiths, Mr. Darby, M.P., chances of his Post Office Bill passing, 132. Grove, George, Esq., Secretary of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 359. Guarantee, the, of the Indian Government to railways, 275; impossible to construct railways in India without it, 278. Guernsey, no railways in, 314. Halifax, Nova Scotia, 304; its magnificent harbour, 306. Hamburg, postage stamps in, how called, note, 142. Hand books, continental, 317. Hannibal, his army crosses the Alps, 6. Hanover, postage stamps in, how called, 142. Harrow School, 216; distinguished men educated there, 217. “Haste, post haste,” defined, note, 158. Hatton, Sir Christopher, note, 324. Hauenstein Tunnel, the, its ventilation, 415; cold, how excluded, 416. Haupt, General, his tunnel boring machine, 385. Hawkshaw, John, Esq., C.E., his tunnel under the Mersey, 393; his borings between Calais and Dover, 398. Haywood, William, Esq., engineer of the Corporation of London, 322. Head, Sir Francis, Bart., quotations from his “Stokers and Pokers,” 196, 197, 198, 224. Helvellyn, the highest mountain in England, note, 9. Henry VI., founder of Eton College, note, 216. Hermit, winner of the Derby, 1867, 186. Hibbert, the late Mrs., “Generalissima,” note, 227, 228. High Peak Railway, Mr. Fell’s experiments upon the, 338. Highgate, intended tunnel through, 369. Highland Railway, the, note, 237, 238. Hill, Mr. Frederick, Assistant-Secretary of the Post Office, supports his brother’s views respecting purchase of railways; his ignorance of their working, 118; his anticipations if the State purchase British railways, 123; his assertions answered, 124; differences between Mr. Hill and Postmaster-General’s Reports, 130; Mr. Hill believed to be the writer of them, 131; his evidence before the Committee on Postal and Telegraph Communications with the East, note, 266. Hill, Mr. M. D., his article on the Post Office, in Fraser’s Magazine, note, 98, 137. Hill, Sir Rowland, K.C.B., appointed on the Royal Commission on Railways, 115; dissents from report, his reasons, 117; the chief witnesses in his support, 118; real reasons for his recommendations, 118; what they are, 132. Hilmer, Mr. B., his subway between France and England, 398. Hofer, Andreas, 12. Holborn, past and present, note, 323. Holborn Viaduct and Embankment, the, described, 321, 328. Holland, postage stamps in, how called, note, 142. Holyhead and Kingstown, the magnificent steamers between, note, 95. Holyhead Mail, the old and the new compared, 46. Honduras railway, the, 312. Hooghley, the river, importance of a railway bridge across, 247. Hoosac Tunnel, the, 385. Hora di Roma, note, 158. Horse boxes, their use in railway traffic, 46. Horse, the, and the locomotive compared, 186; its power of ascending elevations, 321. Horses, numbers required for mail coaches in 1839, 93; number required if the Post Office reverted to mail coaches, 94. Hotel accommodation required at Bombay, note, 259. Howell, Mr., Secretary of the Peninsular and Australian Navigation Company, 95. Humber, the, proposed railway tunnel under, 394. Ice, conveyance of, by railway, 156. Imperial railway train for the Emperor Napoleon, 33. Inchicore locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Inclines, the Oldham, Lancashire, and Yorkshire Railway, note, 5. India, population of, British exports to, 53; railways in, 245, see Railways; marvellous development of, 297; its debt, note, 298; cotton imported from, 299; what quantity produced, note, ib.; army that must be maintained there, note, 300. Indus River, the, how it must be crossed at Attock, note, 278. Indus steam flotilla, the, 262. Indus Valley Railway, the, 262. Insurance Act, the Post Office, 101. Intercolonial Railway, the proposed, 304. Ireland, Cairn Tual, the highest mountain in, note, 9; population of, note, 34; railways in, 43; railway animosity in, 44; probable reduction of high fares, 45; production of coal in, note, 49; sums paid by Post Office to railways in, 108; railway gauge in, note, 110; report of royal commissioners upon, 116; dissentients, 117; absence of locomotive manufacturers in, 192; canal navigation of, 368; Iron, British coal consumed in the manufacture of, 51; King Iron, note, how he should be heard at St. Stephen’s, 208. Isle of Man Railway prospects, 314. Isle of Wight Railway, the, 314. Isthmus of Suez Railway, 95; canal, note, ib., note, 265. Italy, mountains of, note, 8; postage stamps in, how called, note, 142; mileage of railways in, note, 297; ancient tunnels in, 364; railway tunnels, 380; its railway system, 427. Jamaica Railway, the, 311. Jeddo, distance from St. Francisco, 22. Jerrold, Blanchard, one of the workman’s best friends, 228. Jersey, no railway at present in, 314. Jerusalem, explorations in, 360. Kensington, its frequent use in London street nomenclature, note, 36. Kilometres, how to convert into English miles, 331. Kingstown and Holyhead, magnificent steamers between, note, 95. Kurhurbali Coal-field, 287. Kurrachee Harbour, its present unfitness as a harbour, note, 264. La VallÉe, M. Charles, “Les Chemins de Fer en France,” 30. Labouchere, Mr., his speech upon railways, 1838, 74. Labuan, coal prospects in, 288. Ladies’ dogs carried on railways, note, 171. Lancashire, production of coal in, note, 49. Lange, Daniel A., Esq., English representative of the Suez Maritime Canal Company, note, 95, note, 265. Lanslebourg, the Mont Cenis village of, 332. Lardner, Dr. Dionysius, Treatise on Railway economy, 61. Late trains, 166. Lawyers at Crewe, 204. Layard, H. A., Esq., M.P., his opinion upon a railway through Persia, &c., to India, 300; upon Assyrian antiquities, 359. Leeds, rainfall in, 281. Leicestershire, production of coal in, note, 49. Letter postage, low as contrasted with high newspaper postage; its effects; necessity of its reduction upon local letters, note, 81. Letter writing among the working classes, 205. Letters, number of, in 1839 and 1840, 75; number circulating in France, note, 81; transmission alone gives them value, 141. Lewins, William, “Her Majesty’s Mails,” 103. Liechtenstei, the smallest state in the World, note, 34. Life boats, the, of the National Association, their great use in saving life, 183. Liffey, the, proposed railway tunnel under, 394. Lille, population of, note, 31. Limited mail, the, its speed, 109, 237. Linsdale Tunnel, 220. Little St. Bernard, the, crossed by Hannibal’s army, 7; easiest Alpine pass, 8. Live stock conveyed on British railways, 40, 47. Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened, 2; “Rocket” engine tried upon, 5; contents of first goods train conveyed upon it, 66; used by the Post Office as soon as opened, 73; speed upon, 109. Liverpool, its postal arrangements with Manchester, note, 124; rainfall in, note, 281. Local letters, the most profitable to the Post Office, note, 81; history of their development in London since 1800, note, 82. Locke, the late Joseph, M.P., 4, 195. Locomotive engine and the horse compared, 186; ride upon one from London to Stafford and back, 210. Locomotive engines, number of, on British railways, 45. London and Birmingham Railway incorporated, 2; opened, immediately used by the Post Office, 73. London and North-Western Railway, length, 23; cost, 28; passenger traffic, 33; rolling stock and train mileage in 1847, 38; in 1866, 39; receipts, its London coal traffic likely to diminish, 48; its locomotive establishment at Crewe, 194; carriage establishment at Wolverton, 199; waggon establishment at Earlestown, 200; its minor repairing shops, 201; rail manufactory at Crewe, 201. London, Chatham and Dover Railway, 15; Workman’s trains, 63; its locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. London (City), mortality in, note, 35. London General Omnibus Company, passengers carried by the, 35. London, population of, 34; street nomenclature, note, 36; dependent upon railways for its food supply, 70; carriage accidents in, note, 181; rainfall in, note, 281. Long Hedge locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Lubeck, postage stamps in, how called, note, 142. Lukmainer Alpine Pass, the, 10; proposed tunnel through, 409. Luxemburg, the Duchy of, inconveniences if annexed to France, note, 143. Lyons, population of, note, 31; the Croix Rousse Railway, 32. Lytton, Lord, obtained the reduction of the Newspaper duty in 1836, note, 80. Madras, population of, 259. Madras Railway, its course, 255; traffic, 256; small amount of its working expenses, 289; freedom from accidents to passengers, 291. Madrid, its magnificent water supply, 384. Mail bags, 90; conveyance of by ordinary trains, 139, 463. Mail coaches, their speed, 56, 109; passengers carried by them in 1837, 57; their numbers, weights they carried, 93; numbers required if Post Office now resorted to conveyance by them, 93, 94, 95; more costly proportionately than railways, 137; that formerly left London each evening, 443; payments to, 457; dimensions for postal purposes, 466. Mail Contract Packets, excluded from expenses of Post Office until 1860, 94. Mails, weight of, 92; prices paid to railways for conveyance of, 95, 106, 446; day, 106. Man, his power of ascending elevations by steps, 321. Manchester and Birmingham Railway, 4. Manchester, its postal connection with Liverpool, note, 124; the city described, note, 125; rainfall in, note, 281. Manners, Lord John, his tardy mode of doing business, note, 242. Marseilles, from Paris, time of journey in 1672, 1; the Liverpool of the Mediterranean, 24; population of, note, 31; from Edinburgh to, 157; distance to Alexandria, 429; its growth and development, 497. Matheson, Alexander, Esq., M.P., his efforts to establish the Dingwell and Skye Railway, note, 239. Mauritius Railway, the, 313. Meat, imports of, 71; conveyance of, by American railways, note, 156. Merchandise conveyed on British railways, 40, 47. Merchant Tailors’ School, note, 217. Mersey, the, Mr. Hawkshaw’s tunnel under, 393. Messina, the Straits of, 434; marvellous bridge across, mail steamers between Marseilles and Malta to go through the Straits, note, 432. Metre, the, its equivalent in English measure, 331. Metropolitan District Railway, the, described, 389. Metropolitan Railway, passengers conveyed in, 35; its workman’s trains, 62; described, 387; character of the atmosphere in it, 419; cause of the pungent smell in it, 422; efforts made to ensure the best ventilation, 423; excellent health of the employÉs, 424. Midland Railway incorporated, 3; present length, its importance for the conveyance of coal to London, 48. Mileage, British Postal, on Railways, 38, 105, 138; variety of its cost for all modes of conveyance, 123. Mileage, train, of British Railways, 40, 47. Minerals conveyed on British railways, 40, 47; their rapid increase in recent years, 69. Mining, tunnels connected with, 396; shafts ditto, note, 411. Mississippi, proposed sub-aqueous bridge for, 395. Monadnock on free trade, note, 151; his arguments refuted, note, 153. Money Orders, documents connected with them, that pass through the Post Office, 87; absence of complete information respecting them, note, 98; amount of, in 1865, 98. Moniteur des Interets Materiels, 32. Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Europe, 8. its height described, 321; gradients of, 331; Mr. Fell’s experiments upon, 339; Captain Tyler’s trials, 340; concession for the railway, 349; the works described, 350; level crossings, 351; the railway at Susa, 352; Zig-zags, 353; protection from snow and avalanches, ib.; stations, 355; the engines for working the line, 356; its great rival, 358. Morley, Professor Henry, his description of Englishmen, note, 167. Mormons, head quarters, 19; their contributions to the Union Pacific Railroad, 21. Mountains, early desire to construct railways over them, 5; height of, throughout the world, note, 8. Mousell, the Right Hon. Wm., appointed on the Royal Commission on Railways, 115; dissents from Report, 117. Munich, distance from London, 15. Murray’s Hand Books the best published, 317. Nantes, population of, note, 31. Naples, distance from London, vi Brenner Pass, note, 15; vi Mont Cenis, 437. Napoleon I. crossed the Great St. Bernard, 9; narrow escape from death there, Napoleon III., Imperial Railway Train for, 33; his appreciation of the Centre Rail System, 349; Extract from his Vie de CÆsar, 365. Natal Railway, the proposed, 313. National Debt, the, 151; compared with capital invested in railways, National Life Boat Institution, the great benefit it confers, 183. Nederschindermanderscheid, a Luxemburg postal town, note, 144, 194. Nevada, State of, 19. New Brunswick, railways in, 304. New South Wales, railways in, 307; first locomotive made in, note, amount of traffic, 310. New Zealand, railway tunnel in, 386. Newcastle, rainfall in, note, 281. Newspapers, number of, circulating through the Post in 1839 and 1840, 75; misrepresentations by the Post Office respecting, 80; stamps for, issued, from 1835 to 1854, note, effect of high postal charge for their transmission, and comparative low charge for letters, note, 81; erroneous Post Office statements respecting, 81, 83, 87, 452. Nine Elms Locomotive and Carriage establishment, 209. North of Scotland, railway distances from, to Dover and Penzance, 240. North Wales, production of coal in, note, 49. Northampton, its hostility to the London and Birmingham Railway, 233. Northern of France Railway, its powerful engines, 189. Northumberland, production of coal in, note, 49. Nottinghamshire, production of coal in, note, 49. Nova Scotia, railways in, 304. Oberschindermanderscheid, a Luxemburg postal town, note, 144, 194. Officials of railways, their general good conduct, 174; difficulties of their positions and duties when accidents occur, 175; numbers killed and injured, 177; numbers employed in Great Britain, 211; their love of banging carriage doors, note, 213. Oldham, Mr., superintendent of the geological survey of India, his opinion as to coal being found there, 288. Omaha, terminus of the Union Pacific Railroad, 19. Orleans Railway Company, length, 23; its first conception, 25; cost, 28; traffic receipts, 29; passengers conveyed, 31; engine mileage, 37; goods traffic, 39. Otranto, the Port and Castle of, 432. Oudry, M., his bridge across the Straits of Messina, 434. Overland Californian Mail, the, 18; the “Pony Express,” Pacific islands, mountains and volcanoes of, note, 10. Pacific Railroad, the Union, described, 17. his report, cause of its being issued, 85; error in the mode Mr. Page makes his computations, omissions in his calculations, 86, 92; his assertions disproved, 92, 94; one of Sir Rowland Hill’s witnesses in favour of the State purchasing railways, 118, 132; his report of 1856, 439; increased weight of mails under penny postage system would not have prevented their carriage by mail coaches, 440; weight increased less than supposed, 441; comparative cost of road and railway mails, 443; relations between the railway companies and the Post Office, 444; arbitration, 445; prices paid to railway companies, 446; Mr. Page denies illiberal treatment, 447; mails by railway companies’ guards, 448; payment by passengers and Post Office compared, 448; competition from parcels post, 449; manner in which railways have improved postal communication, 452; Mr. R. Stephenson’s reply to Mr. Page, 454. See Stephenson. Palmerston, Lord, educated at Harrow, 218. Paper versus letters, 141. Parcels, post, by the Post Office not approved by the Royal Commissioners of Railways, 121; Mr. Frederick Hill’s method of removing the chief difficulty in its establishment, 124; Mr. Page’s views, 449. Paris, Lyons, and Mediterranean railway, length, 23; cost of construction, 28; traffic receipts, 29; engine mileage, 37; goods traffic, 39; its hostility to the Mont Cenis Railway, 492. Paris to Marseilles, time of journey in 1672, 1; present distance from London, 15. Paris to St. Michel, 316. Parliament, incompetence of, as regards railway legislation, 165. Parliamentary reports, the Post Office thereon, 444; their assertions refuted, 474. Pascal, note, 10. Passenger traffic on French railways, 30, 31; on railways terminating in London, 37; on British railways, 40; third class, its immense increase, 47; number carried in the United Kingdom in 1837 and subsequent years, 58; cause of immense increase of third class, 61. Passengers conveyed on British railways, 40, 166; accidents to, 176; numbers conveyed on Indian railways, 291, 297; accidents to, on Indian railways, 290. Patterns, numbers transmitted by post incorrectly stated by Post Office, note, 81; first carried in 1863, 98. Peel, Sir Robert, educated at Harrow, 218. Peninsular and Oriental Steam Packet Company, increased postal subsidy required by it, note, 241; services performed by it, note, 268; its new contract, note, 430; its history traced, 482. Penny postage, date of its commencement, 75. Penzance, Railway distance from, to North of Scotland, 240. Persia, the long railway will pass through it, 271; opinion of Mr. A. H. Layard, M.P., thereon, 300. Perth, speed of limited mail to, 109, 237. Periodical tickets on railways, numbers of, 64. Peshawer and Lahore Railway Company, the, difference of opinion respecting its construction, 278. Phipps, G. H., Esq., C.E., on tunnel construction, note, 375. Pigs and piglings at Wolverton, note, 225; disputed statistics of, 231. Pistoja, railway from, across the Apennines, 344; its working expenses, 346. Poland, unpronounceable post towns in, note, 144. Policemen at Crewe, 204. Pondicherry, railways for, 257; population and area of, note, Pony express, the Transatlantic, described, 18. Population of chief cities of France, note, 31; of London, 34; of India, 53; of United Kingdom in 1837 and subsequent years, 57. Port Canning Company, the, 274. Porta CÆsaris Augusti, Susa, 6. Portugal, mountains of, note, 9. Post haste defined, note, 158. Post horse duty, the, not diminished by the opening of railways, 59. Post Office, the, its railway mileage, 38; railways used by the department from the earliest period, 73; its jealousy of railways; the Bill of 1838, largely modified in its passage through the House of Commons, 74; introduction of the penny postage system, sudden increase of letters, 75; hostility of the department to railways, 76; its outcry against arbitration, extracts from Postmaster-General’s Second Report, 77; its fallacies, 79; misrepresentations, 80; Mr. Edward Page’s Report, 83; number of horses necessary if the Post Office reverted to mail coach conveyance, 94, 95; mails could not be carried across the Isthmus of Suez but for the railway, 96; Post Office service must have broken down but for railways, 97; savings banks, 99; the Insurance and Annuities Act, 101; Bill for “Further Provision for the Conveyance of Mails by Railway,” 103; withdrawn before second reading, 104; apparently better feeling of the Post Office to railways, it is a complete mistake, 115; present arrangements with railways, 105; amounts paid to railways for conveyance of mails, 106; objection to its taking to parcels traffic, 121; impossible to define payments to railways by Act of Parliament, 122; can only be settled by arbitration, 123; the official supporters of Sir Rowland Hill’s recommendations, 132; railways proportionably less costly to the department than mail coaches, 137; immense facilities it derives from railways, 138; unreasonableness of its demands, 139; day mails in charge of railway guards, 140; hollowness of Post Office pretences, 144; discreditable proceeding in 1855, 145; impossible to satisfy postal officials, 146; remedies suggested, statistical blunders of the department, 230; its costly blunder, note, 241; its tardy mode of doing business, note, 243; constantly increasing its demands upon railways, 462; advantages to, from railways, 459; unjustifiable tone of, to railways, 478. See also Page, Stephenson. Post offices, number of, in the United Kingdom, 89, 450. Postage stamps, number transmitted through the mails, 88; weight of, note, 89; general information respecting, note, 142; suppressed, note, 143; only available for newspapers sent abroad, 473. Postal communication with India, 247; its future accelerations, 266, 272. Postal Guide, the, Post Office notice respecting, 79; first issued in 1855, 91; not implicitly to be relied upon, note, Postmaster-General’s reports. See Reports. Postmasters, great increase of documents sent by them by railway, 88. Poultry, the (City of London), should be immediately widened, 327. Preference share capital of railways, 149. Provident Fund, the, of the East Indian Railway, 293; its insufficiency, 294. Prussia, fastest trains in, 113; postage stamps in, note, 142, 143; mileage of railways in, note, 297. Punch, Mr., his admonition to government officials, note, 242. Punjaub Railway, the, 272. Puy de Dome, Pascal’s observations upon, note, 10. Queensland, railways in, 308; the difficulties and expenses of their construction, 309. “Quicksilver” mail in the olden days, 110. Rails, iron and steel, manufactured at Crewe, 201. Railway guards in charge of mails, 140. Railway run, the longest without stopping for water, 111. Railway subways and tunnels between France and England, 396. Railway system, the, its immense power and magnitude, 152. Railway, the centre rail on the Mont Cenis, the experimental line, 339. Railway, the first passenger, in England, 2. Railway, the Isthmus of Suez, 95. Railways and the Post Office. See Post Office. in New South Wales, 307; Victoria and Queensland, 308; difficult works in the latter, 309; South Australia, 310; New Zealand, Railways, Canadian, necessity for their construction, 301; the first railways, 302; the present system, 304; their length and cost, 305; their eventual extent, 306. Railways, Colonial, Demerara, Jamaica, Trinidad, 311; Honduras, Cape of Good Hope, 312; Natal, Mauritius, Ceylon, 314. Railways, continental, date of their construction, 12; French railways, 24; their length, 27; modern cheap lines, 31; fastest trains on, 112; from Calais to Constantinople, 270. Railways, English, miles constructed from 1843 to 1867, 360; published traffic receipts incorrect, note, capital expended upon them, 28, 40; revenue from passengers and goods, train mileage, working expenses, 40; Irish, 43; Scotch, rolling stock upon British, 45; continual development of the system, 47; advantages of, to the community, 56; number of passengers carried on them, 57; their importance in the conveyance of food, 70; hostility of the Post Office to, 73, 146; present arrangements with the department, 105; amounts paid to them, 106, 138; speed on, 109; gauge of, note, 110; Royal Commission upon, 115; character of the report of the Royal Commissioners thereon, 116; recommendations and opinions as regards railways and the Post Office, 119; impossible to pass a general act as proposed, 122; railways less costly proportionately than mail coaches, 137; immense facilities they afford the Post Office, 139; their duties towards the department and the public, 144, 145; capital of, receipts, working expenses, and profits, 147; dividends, as compared with the national debt, 151; powers of, for conveyance of every article of commerce, 152; for personal locomotion 157; value to the humbler classes, 158; railways and free trade the twin sisters of progress, 165; working and traffic of, 166; accidents upon, 176; locomotive and carriage repairing shops of, 209; number of men employed upon, 211; prices paid to, by Post Office, 446; their benefits to the Post Office, as estimated by Mr. Page, 452; monopoly, alleged, as regards the Post Office refuted, 475. Railways in India: the East Indian, 245; Great Indian Peninsular, 252; Madras, 255; Bombay, Baroda, and Central India, 258; Scinde, 261; Indus Valley (proposed), 262; Euphrates Valley (proposed), 263; Punjaub, 272; Delhi, 273; Eastern Bengal, Calcutta, and South-Eastern, Great Southern, 274; future railways, the guarantee, 275; working expenses, 280; difference of working expenses upon, 289; reasons for their being high, 281; iron-sleepers, 282; fuel, 284; accidents, 290; provident fund of the East India Railway Company, 293; objections to, 294; rolling stock, 295; commercial advantages of their construction to England, 296; National importance of Indian railways, 297; their mileage as compared with other countries, 297. Railways of Italy described, 427. Railways, rapidity of their construction in America, 20. Railways throughout the world, note, 211. Rainfall in India, 255, note, 281; in England, ib. Ramsbottom, John, the head of the Crewe establishment, 200. Raneegunge coal-field, the, 286. Receipts of British railways, 40; their constant increase, 47; percentage of, to working expenses, 55, 147. Receptacles for letters in England, 97; in France, note, Remington, George, Esq., C.E., his proposed tunnel between France and England, 398. two not dated, extract from second Report, 77; its fallacies, 79; misrepresentations, 80; errors in the 12th, note, 81; in the 3rd, 82; unceasing changes in the modes of compiling them, 83; difficulty of understanding the statistics contained in them, 89; facetia, note, 105; extraordinary contradictions between the 9th and 12th, note, 121; constant references to postal accelerations, 130; Mr. Frederick Hill believed to be the writer of them, 131; they abound in misstatements, 467. Reuss-Greiz, the second smallest state in the world, note, 34. Revue des Deux Mondes, 22, note, 97. Rice, Mr. Spring, his speech upon railways, 1838, 74. “Rocket” engine, the, 5. Rocky Mountains crossed by the Union Pacific Railroad, 20. Rolling stock on British railways, 45. “Roman Railways” Company, the, 436. Rome, distance from London vi Brenner Pass, note, 15; time of journey to, in 1834, 157; ancient, saved by the hissing of a goose, 213; present population of, note, 436. Rouen, population of, note, 31. Royal Commissioners of railways, their names, 115; character of their report, its main recommendations, 116. Rugby school, 217. Rugby station, 235; arrival of trains at, 234. Rural postmen in France, note, 97. Russia, unpronounceable post-towns in, note, 144; mileage of railways in, note, 297. Salmon, conveyance of, by railway, 156. Salt Lake, 19. Samos, ancient tunnel in, 364. Samples and patterns incorrectly stated by Post Office, note, 81; first carried in 1863, 98. to Canton, 22; to Jeddo, Sapperton Tunnel, the, its ventilation, 413. Sardinia, mountains of, note, 8. Savings Banks, Post Office, documents transmitted through the Post in consequence of them, 99; their establishment “with the security of the Government,” 100; is this undoubted? note, the business done by them, note, 101. Saxony, mileage of railways in, note, 297. Schindermanderscheid, a Luxemburg postal town, note, 144, 194. Scinde Railway, the, 260; its traffic, 261; working expenses, 290. Scotland, mountains of, note, 9; railways in, 43; production of coals in, note, 49; amounts paid by Post Office to railways in, 108; locomotive manufacturers in, 192; north of, distances to Dover and Penzance, 240; canals of, 368; Scudamore, Frank Ives, secretary of the Post Office, a distinguished author, note, 104; not examined before Royal Commissioners on Railways, 133. Sea-sickness, 15. Seguier, Baron, his claim as inventor of the Centre Rail System, 337. Semiramis, founder of Babylon, 358; her resuscitation required, 435. Service, Ambulant (postal), of France, the, note, 78. Sevigny’s, Madame de, journey to Marseilles 1672, 1. Shareholders, numbers of, in Indian railways, 276. Sheffield, rainfall in, note, 281. Ships, of the United Kingdom, statistics of, note, 182. Shipwreck, losses of life from, 182, note, 183. Shoddy-shoebility of Northampton, 233. Shrewsbury Grammar School, note, 217. Shropshire, production of coal in, note, 49. Sicily, mountains of, note, 8. Sierra Nevada Mountain, 19. Simplon, the, 8; height of, note, 319. Skye and Dingwall Railway, note, 239. Sleeping railway car, note, 303. Sleepers, railway, iron in India, 282. Sletvio Pass, the, 11. Slow trains, difficulty of keeping time with them, 113. Soemmering Pass and Railway described, 12; gradients upon, 344. Somersetshire, production of coal in, note, 49. South Australia, railways in, 310. South Austrian and Alta-Italian Railway, length, 23; described, cost of construction, 27; traffic receipts, 29; rolling stock, 37; engine mileage, South-Eastern Railway, the, 15; its locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. South Wales, production of coal in, note, 49. Southampton, its progress since 1840, note, 259; distance to Alexandria, 429. Spain, mountains of, note, 8; postage stamps in, note, 142; mileage of railways in, 297; railway tunnels, 381; its water canal, Isabel II, 384; roadway communications, Speed on railways, 109; if accelerated, position that Mr. Frederick Hill should take, 132. Spezzia, the Italian Portsmouth, 433; unfinished railway to, 438. Spiers and Pond, Messrs., of buffet celebrity, 228. Splugen Pass, the, 10; height of, note, 319. St. Etienne, population of, note, 31. St. Germain and Paris, first railway in France, 25. St. Gothard Alpine Pass, the, 9; height of, note, 319; proposed tunnel through, 409. St. John’s Wood Railway, the, described, 390. St. Michel, distance from London and Paris, 318. St. Paul’s Cathedral, height of, 219, 321. Staff, the, of Indian railways, its composition—insufficiency of the provident fund for, 292. Staffordshire, production of coal in, note, 49; canal navigation. Stage coaches, their speed, 56, 109; passengers carried by them in 1837, 57. Stamps, newspaper, note, 80; letter, first use of, note, 141; the author of those now in use, 141; premium for the first design of, note, 142. Steam Vessels, British, number of, 50; passengers carried by them in 1837, 57; statistics of, note, 162. Steel rails, manufactory of, at Crewe, 201; value and importance of, note, 202; use of in India, 284. upon railway tunnels, 370; answer to the report of Mr. Page, Inspector General of mails, 454; tendency of his report, 455; errors respecting the Dover day mail train, 456; travelling post offices, 457; payments to railways not higher than to mail coaches, ib.; services to the Post Office and the public compared, 460, 464; cost of running trains, 461; mail bags by ordinary trains, 463; argument that the penny postal system would be cheaper by horse than by railway power, refuted, 465; unjustifiable competition of the Post Office, 470; Post Office threats against the railways, 475; alleged monopoly, 476; treatment of the railways by Government, 477; unjustifiable tone towards railways, 478. “Stokers and Pokers,” by Sir Francis Head, Bart., quotations from, 196, 197, 198, 224. Storrow, Mr. Charles, his interesting information upon tunnel ventilation, 411; his report upon the tunnel of the Alps, 426. Strasbourg, population of, note, 31. Stratford locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Strickland, Miss Agnes, on crinoline, note, 210. Strike upon the Eastern Counties Railway in 1849, note, 161. Strikes, their injurious effects upon workmen, note, 159, note, 161. Sturgey, the immaculate, note, 243. Styria, mountains of, note, 8. Subways and tunnels between France and England, 396. Suez Canal, note, 95, note, 265. Suez, Isthmus of, Railway, 95; Eastern mails, how conveyed upon, note, 269; iron sleepers upon, 282. Sugar, imports of, 72. Suicide upon Railways, 177. Sultan, the, his views on railways, 270. Susa, Porta CÆsaris Augusti, at, 6; the centre rail at, 352. Sutherland Railway, the, 239. Sweden, mountains of, note, 8; postage stamps in, 142. Swindon, locomotive and carriage establishment, 209. Switzerland, mountains of, note, 8; postage stamps in, note, 142; locomotive building establishment in, 194; railway tunnels in, 380; Hauenstein Tunnel described, 415. Tarento, the Italian Plymouth, 433. Tea, imports and consumption of, 71; passage of, between London and Liverpool, 155. Telegraph between London and California, 19. Telegraphs in India, great expenses and difficulties connected with them, note, 281. Tenders of engines, their water holding capacities, 219. Teneriffe, Peak of, its height, note, 10. Thames subway, Mr. Barlow’s, 395. Thames Tunnel, the, 376. Third class carriages used by people for whom they were never intended, note, 61. Third class passengers, their enormous increase on British railways, 47; cause, 61. Thouvenot, M., his colossal engine, 190. Thull Ghaut, the, 254. Thurn and Taxis, postal privileges of the house of, note, 143. Thurso, sleepy, 240; the most northern town in Scotland, its postal facilities, note, 241. Timber, advantages of railways in the conveyance of, 155; inapplicable for sleepers in India, 282. Timbromaniacs, note, 142. Time, difference of, between London and Dublin, note, 111; between London, Paris and Rome, note, 158. Tinsley, Brothers, Messrs., publishers of “Some Habits and Customs of the Working Classes,” 205. Toulouse, population of, note, 31. Traffic, receipts of English railways incorrectly published, note, 3; of South Austrian and Alta Italia, 29; of Paris, Lyons and Mediterranean, of Orleans Company, London and North-Western, 39; of British railways, 40. accidents to, 175; cost of running them, 461. Transmission, postal, gives value to letters, 141. Travelling post offices, their introduction on English railways, note, 77; superiority of arrangements connected with them all over the continent, as compared with those in England, staff of, 78; Trespassers on railways, killed and injured, 177. Trinidad Railway, the proposed, 311. Trollope, Anthony, 104. Trotting horses, American, the pace of, 188. Trough for watering engines, 111, 232. Tunnel of the Alps, the, described, 403; progress, 404; ventilation, 405; gradients, 406; their effects in working the railway, 417; time to be occupied in going through, 418. Tunnels, their antiquity, 358; under the Euphrates, 359; at Jerusalem, 360; the earliest in Europe, 364; the first under the Alps, 366; canal tunnels, 368; Highgate, 369; length of, in Great Britain, 370; the chief enumerated, 371; cost, 375; the Thames Tunnel, 376; tunnels in France, 377; Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, 380; Spain, 381; United States, 385; New Zealand, 386; Metropolitan Railway, 387; Metropolitan district, 388; St. John’s Wood, 390; Britannia Tubular Bridge, 391; Victoria ditto, ib.; tunnels suggested under the Mersey, 393; the Liffy, the Thames, 394; at Attock, 395; tunnels in mines, 396; between France and England, 397; under the Atlantic, 400; ventilation of, 411. Turkey, railways for, 270. Turpin’s ride to York, note, 215. Tyler, Captain, R.E., his experiments on the Mont Cenis, 339; practical deductions therefrom, 342; his comparisons of working expenses, 346; of costs of construction, 347; extract from his Report to the Board of Trade, his views on costs of the tunnel of the Alps, 408; his opinion as to the Brindisi route, 430; does not visit Otranto, 432. Ulcers, Post Office, remedies suggested to cure them, 146. Undertakers at Crewe, 204. Union Pacific Railroad, the, described, 17; by whom constructed, 21; cost, United States Mails in 1839 and 1855, 91; railway mileage of, note, 211; proportion to population, 305; railway tunnels, 385. Utah, contribution of, to the Union Pacific Railroad, 21. Vandal, Monsieur, Directeur-General des Postes FranÇaises, note, 98; on railway distances in France and England, 240; his views upon contract packet services, 268. Varne, Islet de, its proposed sub-aqueous railway station, 398. “Vede Napoli e Mori,” 438. Ventilation of tunnels, 411; means to ensure its efficiency in the Metropolitan Railway, 423. Vesuvius, height of, note, 9. Victoria Bridge, Montreal, the, described, 391. Victoria, railways in, 308; amount of traffic, 310. Vignoles, Mr. Charles B., first patentee of the centre rail, 336. Volcano, extinct, railway tunnel through, 386. Volcanoes in the world, 10. Von Reaumont, Alfred, History of Rome, 436. Wales, North and South, production of coal in, note, 49; unpronounceable post towns in, note, 144. Wallis, the late Robert, Esq., M.P., his committee on postal reform, 137. Warren, Lieut., R.E., his explorations at Jerusalem, 360. Warwickshire, production of coal in, note, 49. Watches and engines compared, 244. Water supply to Crewe in 1849, 197, in 1867, 205. Water supply to Madrid described, 384. Water tower, the, of the Crystal Palace, railway tunnel under, note, 375. Weedon, its deadly liveliness, 234. Wellington, the Duke of, sends to Rome in 1834; time occupied in the journey, 157. West India mails, the, in 1839 and 1855, 91. Westbourne, its frequent use in London street nomenclature, note, 36. Westminster school, note, 217. Widows from Wolverton, 229; married, “no cards,” 230. Winchester school, note, 216. Worcestershire, production of coal in, note, 49. Word-coining approved of by the Archbishop of Dublin, note 167. Wolverton carriage establishment, 199; station and repairing shops, 221; statistics of, churches and schools, 222; the refreshment rooms, 224. Working expenses of British railways, 40, 147; per centage of, to receipts, 55; rate per cent. for twelve leading companies, 56. Working expenses of Indian railways, causes why they must be high, periodical inundations, 280; iron sleepers, 282; fuel, 284; differ very much on different lines, 289; on the Alpine and Apennine railways, 346. Workman’s trains, 62. Wynter, Dr., the London Commisseriat, 70. Yard, its proportion to the French metre, 331. Yates, Edmund, note, 104. Yonge, the Rev. T. E., note, 169. York, the locomotive and carriage establishment of the North-Eastern Company at, 209. Yorkshire, production of coal in, note, 49. |
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