A.

Acquired characters, definition of, 5;

inheritance of, 6, 15, 49, 57, 60, 67, 69, 71, 81, 83-84, 93-96, 104, 107, 110-111, 127, 173, et seq.;

Galton on inheritance of, 62, 106.

Adaptive development, Weismann on, 19.

Algae, De Vries on the chromatophores of, 83, 111.

Amphigony, the cause of individual hereditary variation, 91, 100-101.

Amphimixis, see Sexual propagation.

Ancestral germ-plasm, 123.

Atavism, 3, 91, 105.

B.

Bary, De, on Weismann’s theory, 152.

Basidiomycetes, 90.

Begonia, regeneration in, 4, 52.

Biophores, 123.

Body-cells, and germ-cells, 29.

Brooks, theory of heredity, 2.

Bud-variation, 90, 94, 96, 98-99;

Weismann on, 95, 97, 161;

Fritz MÜller on, 95.

Butterflies, climatic varieties of and Weismann’s theory, 67-68, 127-128.

C.

Candolle, De, on inheritance of acquired characters in plants, 93.

“Carriers of Heredity,” 32, 38, 70, 78, 122.

Cessation of Selection, see Panmixia.

Chromatophores, of Algae, 83, 111.

Compositae, pollen of, 5.

Congenital variations, definition of, 5;

inheritance of, 6, 110;

sexual propagation, the cause of, 11;

Darwin on, 13;

origin of, 23, 25, 100, 102;

nutritive congenital changes, 64;

examples of, 64;

specialized congenital changes, 65;

representative congenital changes, 65;

Galton on, 134.

Continuity of germ-plasm, see Germ-plasm.

Crustacea, and the inheritance of acquired characters, 94.

Cuttings, and bud-variation, 98.

Cytisus adami, grafting of, 127.

D.

Darwin, Charles, and Pangenesis, 2, 26;

arguments in favour of pangenesis, 3, 59;

on the cause of congenital variations, 13;

comparison of his theory of heredity with that of Weismann, 52, 55, 73, 92, 105-106, 115, 133, 173 et seq.;

on germ and somatic-cells, 76;

on the influence of pollen upon somatic tissues, 79-80;

on graft-hybridization, 83;

on bud-variation, 95;

on the causes of variation, 102, 161;

on the inheritance of acquired characters, 107, 111-112;

on Xenia, 144;

on sexual union, 154.

Death, Weismann on the origin of, 8, 10;

in plants, 10.

Determinants, 123.

Direct action of environment, on unicellular organisms, 15, 23.

E.

Elsberg, theory of heredity, 2.

Environment, direct action of on Protozoa, 15.

Evolution, see Organic evolution.

F.

Flint, Prof. Austin, on Telegony, 204.

Focke, on Xenia, 141, 144.

“Formative material,” and germ-plasm, 56.

Fungi, Prof. Vines on Basidiomycetes, 90.

G.

Galton, Francis, theory of heredity (stirp), 2;

and Weismann’s, 51, 58-59, 69, 73, 92, 105-106, 108, 115, 129, 130 et seq.;

on gemmules, 60;

on inheritance of acquired characters, 62, 69, 107;

and stability of the material basis of heredity, 63;

on origin of sexual reproduction, 103, 167.

GÄrtner, on Malva, 80;

on inheritance of acquired characters in plants, 93.

Gemmules, 2;

Darwin on the size of, 4;

and germ-plasm, 52, 55, 58, 92, 105;

and stirp, 58;

Galton on, 60.

Generative cells of the Hydromedusae, Weismann on, 71, 109;

example of continuity of germ-plasm, 72-73.

Germ-cells, and body-cells, 29, 75-77;

nucleo-plasm of, 30;

number of, 43, 45.

Germ-plasm, Weismann’s theory of, 5, 105, 173 et seq.;

immortality of, 9, 24;

continuity of, 9, 18, 49, 56-67, 69-70, 72, 75, 78, 86-87, 104-105, 109-110, 114, 120, 168;

differences in, 12;

origin of, 17;

independence of, 19;

and natural selection, 21;

stability of, 22, 49, 57, 66, 86-89, 91-93, 99-100, 104-105, 109, 112-114, 151 et seq.;

lodged in nucleus, 29;

and somato-plasm, 29, 81, 110;

the modification of, 36;

examination of Weismann’s theory of, 48;

Weismann’s theory of and Pangenesis, 52;

and gemmules, 52, 55, 58, 105-106, 121;

multiplication of in the general cellular tissues of plants, 53;

De Vries on, 54;

Differentiation of, 55;

and “formative material,” 56;

and stirp, 58-59, 61, 75, 106;

and somatic-idioplasm, 69;

as a basis of heredity, 70;

ancestral germ-plasm, 123.

Grafting, and the effect of the somatic-tissues on the germinal elements, 81-82;

Darwin on, 83;

and bud-variation, 98;

Weismann on, 126.

H.

HÄckel, theory of heredity, 2.

Hartog, Prof. M., on Weismann, 155;

on sexual propagation, 166-167.

Healing of wounds, 34.

Henslow, Rev. G., on regeneration in plants, 53.

Heredity, various theories of, 2, 49, 70;

statement of Weismann’s theory of, 17;

modification of Weismann’s theory of, 28, 46, 52, 65, 68, 75, 163 et seq.;

the nucleus and, 29;

“carriers of,” 32, 38, 70, 78, 122;

theory of and histology, 38;

examination of Weismann’s theory of, 48, 105, 117;

comparison of Weismann’s, Darwin’s, and Galton’s theories of, 51, 105-106;

criticism of Weismann’s theory of by Strasburger, 51;

the material basis of, 61, 63.

Hertwig, O., theory of heredity, 2;

on polar bodies, 46, 125.

Hildebrand, or effect of pollen upon somatic tissues (Xenia), 80;

on Orchideae, 80.

His, theory of heredity, 2.

Hoffmann, on the inheritance of acquired characters, 93-4, 114.

Hydromedusae, Weismann on generative cells of, 71, 109;

illustrate continuity of germ-plasm, 73-73.

I.

Identical twins, 41.

Idio-plasm, NÄgeli’s term, 31;

A and B, 31-32;

self-multiplication of, 34;

amount of idio-plasm A in the nucleus, 40.

Ids, 123.

Individual differences, Weismann, 39, 41, 43.

Influence of a previous sire upon the progeny of the same dam, see Telegony.

Influence of external conditions, see Acquired characters.

Influence of pollen upon somatic tissues, see Xenia.

Inheritance of acquired characters, see Acquired characters.

Invertebrates, Weismann on sexual apparatus of, 72, 74, 109.

J.

Jelly-fish, regeneration in, 4.

Jordan, on inheritance of acquired characters in plants, 93.

K.

Karyokinesis, 37.

L.

Lamarck, Weismann and, 16, 21.

Lamarckian factors, importance of, 57, 59, 62, 65, 67, 69, 82, 106-108, 111-112, 128, 147.

Life, duration of, 7, 10.

M.

MalingiÉ-Nouel, on Telegony, 193 et seq.

Malva, GÄrtner on, 80.

Maupas, on the Protozoa, 101, 148.

Metazoa and Metaphyta, cause of mortality of, 7, 24, 148;

relation of progeny to parents in, 16;

transmission of acquired characters in, 16;

propagation in, 51.

Mivart, on inheritance of acquired characters, 94.

Molecules, 54, 123.

Morton, Earl of, on Telegony, 192.

MÜller, Fritz, on bud-variation, 95.

Multicellular organisms, see Metazoa and Metaphyta.

N.

NÄgeli, theory of heredity, 2;

and idio-plasm, 31, 187;

and germ-plasm, 36;

on inheritance of acquired characters in plants, 93.

Natural selection, the cause of death, 8;

action of, 20;

the material for the operation of, 13, 57;

not the cause of sexual propagation, 13-14;

and the Protozoa, 15, 101-102;

and germ-plasm, 21;

sole cause of organic evolution, 25, 59, 111, 114.

Nouel, MalingiÉ, on Telegony, 193 et seq.

Nucleo-plasm, of germ and somatic cells, 30.

Nucleus, alone contains germ-plasm, 29;

contains two substances, 33;

and heredity, 37;

and polar bodies, 40;

amount of idio-plasm A in, 40.

Nutritive congenital changes, 64.

O.

Orchideae, Hildeband on, 80.

Organic evolution, the cause of, 25;

Weismann’s theory of, 26, 48, 50, 58, 66, 68, 87, 100, 104, 106-108, 114-115, 147.

Ova, Weismann on the size of, 39.

P.

Pallas, on variability, 154.

Pangenesis, Darwin’s theory of, 2, 26;

and Weismann’s theory of, 52, 55, 71, 73, 121;

and Panmixia, 59-60;

Galton on, 60.

Panmixia, and Pangenesis, 59-60.

Parthenogenetic organisms, and natural selection, 15;

no congenital variations in, 72, 75.

Parthenogenetic ova, Weismann on, 45, 89, 91, 109.

Phylogenesis, 34.

Physiological isolation, of germ-cells, 74.

Plants, reproductive cells of, 74;

influence of pollen upon somatic tissues of (Xenia), 78-80;

bud-variation in, 90, 94-99;

Hoffmann’s investigations on the inheritance of acquired characters in, 93.

Polar bodies, Weismann on, 40, 46, 125;

examination of Weismann’s explanation of, 42;

O. Hertwig on, 46, 125.

Protophyta, natural selection and, 114.

Protozoa, immortality of, 7;

and natural selection, 15, 114;

origin of species of, 15, 102;

action of environment on, 15;

Maupas on, 101.

R.

Regeneration, in sea-anemones and jelly-fish, 4, 35;

of an entire organism, 34;

Weismann on, 51 et seq.;

in Begonia, 52;

Rev. G. Henslow on, 53;

and stirp, 59.

Rejuvenescence, 166.

Representative congenital changes, 65.

Reproduction, essential meaning of sexual, 8, 11;

in the Protozoa, 16;

somatic, 35.

Reproductive elements, potential immortality of, 9;

of Vertebrates and Plants, 74.

Reversion, 3, 91, 105.

Roux, on the principle of “struggle,” 139.

S.

Sea-anemones, regeneration in, 4.

Sexual apparatus of Invertebrates, Weismann on, 72, 74.

Sexual-cells and somatic-cells, 75-77, 81, 84.

Sexual propagation, essential meaning of, 8, 11, 87;

sole cause of congenital variations, 12, 89-90, 102, 135, 141, 153, 158;

did not arise through the agency of natural selection, 13-14;

in multicellular organisms, 51;

Galton on the origin of, 103;

in Cytisus adami, 127.

Significance of sexual reproduction, see Sexual Reproduction.

Somatic-cells, nucleo-plasm of, 30;

and sexual cells, 75-77, 81, 84.

Somatic-idio-plasm, 32-33;

and germ-plasm, 69.

Somatic reproduction, 35, 52.

Somato-plasm and germ-plasm, 29.

Specialized congenital changes, 65.

Species, Weismann on the origin of new, 100-101.

Spencer, Herbert, theory of heredity, 2;

on Telegony, 191 et seq.

Stability of germ-plasm, see Germ-plasm.

Stirp, and gemmules, 58-59, 61;

and somatic tissues, 60;

and the germinal cells of Hydromedusae, 73;

and germ-plasm, 75, 92, 106, 133.

Strasburger, on Weismann’s theory of heredity, 51;

on the origin of sexual propagation, 167.

Stylonichia, Maupas on, 101.

Summary, 103.

T.

Telegony, 77-79, 110, 141 et seq., 191 et seq.

Transmission of acquired characters, see Acquired characters.

Twins, identical, 41.

U.

Unicellular organisms, reproduction of, 16;

action of environment on, 23, 147 et seq.;

potentially immortal, 23;

natural selection and the, 24, 57, 114;

and the origin of hereditary individual variations, 100.

V.

Variation, see Congenital variations, Acquired characters, &c.;

Darwin on the causes of, 102;

Weismann on the origin of, 153.

Vertebrates, reproductive cells of, 74.

Vestigial organs, persistence of, 91.

Vines, Prof. S., criticism on Weismann, 14, 75, 90, 99, 152, 178;

on the Basidiomycetes, 90.

Vries, De, theory of heredity, 2;

on germ-plasm, 54;

on the chromatophores of Algae, 83, 111;

on Xenia, 144.

W.

Weismann, Prof. August., theory of germ-plasm, 5, 17, 173 et seq.;

on the duration of life, 7, 10;

on the essential meaning of sexual propagation, 11, 103, 135, 141;

on natural selection as the origin of sexual reproduction, 14;

on Prof. Vines’ criticism, 14, 90, 99, 178 et seq.;

on the Protozoa and natural selection, 15, 102;

on Lamarck, 16;

on adaptive development, 19;

and natural selection, 21;

summary of theory of germ-plasm, 23;

theory of organic evolution, 26, 48, 50, 58, 66, 68, 87, 100, 104, 106-108, 114-115, 147;

modifications of theory of heredity, 28, 46, 52, 65, 68, 75, 163 et seq.;

and of self-multiplication of idio-plasm, 34;

on “ontogenetic grades,” 35, 53;

on the modification of germ-plasm, 36;

on chromatin, 38;

on individual differences, 39, 41, 43;

on the size of ova, 39;

on polar bodies, 40, 42, 46, 125;

on the number of germ-cells, 44-45;

on parthenogenetic ova, 45, 89, 91;

examination of his theory of germ-plasm or heredity, 48, 85;

on the stability and continuity of germ-plasm, 49, 63, 66, 86-89, 91-93, 99-100, 103-105, 107, 109-110, 112-114, 120, 151, 158;

comparison of his theory with those of Darwin and Galton, 51, 58;

on Strasburger’s criticism of his theory, 52;

on the multiplication of germ-plasm in the general cellular tissues of plants, 53;

on regeneration in plants, 53;

anticipated by Galton, 59, 68;

and Galton, 63, 130 et seq.;

on transmission of acquired characters, 67, 83, 96, 111, 127;

and his critics, 70;

on the Hydromedusae, 71, 109;

on the sexual apparatus of Invertebrates, 72;

and the influence of germ-cells upon somatic tissues (Telegony and Xenia), 80-81, 196 et seq.;

and the significance of grafting, 81-82, 126;

and vestigial characters, 92;

on Hoffmann’s investigations, 93;

on bud-variation, 95, 97, 161;

on the origin of hereditary individual variations, 100-101;

on the origin of new species, 101.

Wounds, healing of, 34.

X.

Xenia, 78-81, 110, 141, 144, et seq.

THE END.

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Works by the same Author.