When a subject is treated on more than one consecutive page, reference is usually made to the first page only.

• Action and Reaction, 264
• Adaptability, 13, 63
• Adaptation, in nature, how regarded by Paley, 3;
  • argument from imperfect adaptations, 4, 14, 136, 143, 152;
  • how conceived by evolution theory, 10, 12;
  • Lamarck’s theory of, 68;
  • Weismann’s theory, 93 sqq.;
  • Darwin’s explanation, 72;
  • directive theory, 115 sqq.;
  • effects of new environment, 123 sqq.
  • See Co-adaptation
• Æschylus, 159
• Amblystoma, 40 (illustration facing), 125
• Amoeba, 30, 47, 143
• Amphimixis, 39, 98
• AnabÆna, 141
• Anableps, 100, 112
• Ants, 78, 85, 89, 111, 154
• Apperception and Free-will, 172
• Arch, effect of, in architecture, 258
• Aristotle, 247 note
• Art, 158;
  • and Beauty, 237, 251;
  • origin of, 239;
  • question of subject in, 244, 268;
  • an expression of life, 246, 250;
  • Greek and Hottentot ideals of, 253;
  • classification of the arts, 254;
  • art in structure, 256;
  • in ornament, 259;
  • artistic effect of use and service, 260.
  • See Music, Dancing, Literature, etc.
• Asceticism, 214 sqq., 218 note
• Axolotl, 125
• Azolla fern, 141
  
• Bacon, F., 6
• Becoming, the universe a, 20, 186;
  • Deity conceived as ‘becoming,’ 5
• Beddard, F. E., 24 note, 58, 106
• Bentham, J., 200
• Berkeley, Bp., 165 note, 176 note
• Bifocal eyes in fish, 99
• Bisexuality, significance of, in Mollusca, 101
• Bose, J. C., 21 note
• Brain-structure and Will, 178, 184
• Brown-SÉquard, 78
• Butler, Bp., 241
• BÜtschli, O., 30
• Butterflies, protective colouring of, 15, 83, 98, 106, 113, 127
  
• Catullus, 222
• Cave-animals, 71, 72 note, 78
• Cell, the, 29, 38;
  • division of, 40 sqq.;
  • germ and sperm
  • cells, 45, 51;
  • fusion of, in reproduction, 53
• Chaffinch, case of hermaphrodite, 58
• Chlorophyll, 24;
  • in animals, 26
• Christ, 205;
  • martyrdom of, 232
• Chromatin, 39 sqq.
• Cleanthes, 247
• Co-adaptation, 70, 80, 98, 138
• Competition, 58, 105
• Conjugation, 47
• Conscience, 211
• Co-operation among animals, 104, Appendix B;
  • among species, 138
• Crabs, hermit, 141;
  • Molucca, 280
• Crystallization, 22 note, 156
  
• Dancing, 270
• Darwin, Erasmus, 6, 281
• Darwin, Francis, 7, 33, 72, 87, 138
• Death, significance of, for the spirit, 190, 235
• Deity, the end, not beginning of nature, 5;
  • personality of, 14, 17;
  • immanent or transcendent? 155;
  • defined by Æschylus, 159;
  • an infinite, not related to phenomena, 162;
  • how approached by man, 159, 162, Appendix A
• Determinants, 44;
  • competition among, 98;
  • significance of, in evolution, 68, 96
• Determinism, doctrine of, 163 sqq.
• Development contrasted with growth, 32
• Dice, of nature loaded, 92, 102
• Dominants. See Reinke
• Drama, 272
• Dualism, 195
• Duty, sense of, not created by pleasures and pains, 203;
  • effects of, compared with those of self-indulgence, 212
    
• Ego, the, 157, 207, Appendix A
• Eimer, G., 77 note, 110, 113 note, 137, 143, 152
• Elk, the Irish, 70
• Energy, how obtained by plants, 25;
  • developed by synthesis, 27, 147;
  • vital and mechanical, how distinguished, 144, 146, 148;
  • supposed effects of the equal distribution of, 222
• Epictetus, 218, 226
• Ethics, how affected by determinism, 162-3;
  • ethical development a condition of Free-will, 171;
  • the problem of evil, 199, 207;
  • utilitarian systems of, 201;
  • goal of ethical action, 203 sqq.;
  • sanction of ethical action, 234;
  • ethics epitomized, 234;
  • ethics of sex relations, Appendix E
• Evolution, change in point of view produced by, 7, 8, 16, 17;
  • produced competition, 104;
  • unknown factors in, 149;
  • evolution and involution, 186, 228.
  • See Adaptation, species
    
• Fisher, M., 270
• Francis of Assisi, 215, Appendix D
• Free-will, position stated, 164 sqq.;
  • reason in action, 166;
  • Spencer on, 166 note;
  • conditions of, 169;
  • moral bias of, 169 sqq.;
  • limitations of, 171 sqq.;
  • how evolved, 174;
  • can it be reconciled with Monism? 175;
  • will and brain, 177 sqq.
    
• Germinal Selection, 93, 96
• Goethe, 6, 31, 185, 267
• Goodyear, W. H., 258 note
• Gravity, action of, on plants, 62, 145
• Guinan, Rev. J., 218 note
• GÜnther, C., 142, 152
  
• Haeckel, E., 39 note, 124, 126, 196, 239
• Henslow, G., 123
• Heracleitus, 146 note, 278
• Hermaphroditism, 58, 101
• Hugo, V., 273
• Hume, D., 6 note
• Hydra, 26
  
• Ids, 44
• Immortality, 189, 225, 283
• Imperfections in nature, 4, 14, 143, 152
• Impressionist school, 266
• Intelligence in nature, 14, 16, 130, 157
• Irish, the, in the U.S.A., 212 note
• Isabella and Claudio, problem of, Appendix E
  
• James, W., on Free-will, 176
  
• Kakasu Okakura, 250 note
• Kallima paralecta, 83, 129
• Kellogg, V. L., 144 note, 149
• Keyserling, H. v., 13 note, 17
• Knight, W., 239
• Kramskoy, 243
• Kropotkin, P., 104, Appendix B
  
• Lamarck, J. B., 6, 68;
  • arguments against his theory, 75, 112, 202;
  • Lamarckism the only alternative to ‘metaphysics,’ 91
• Language, evolution of, 133
• Lankester, Ray, 24 note
• Le Bon, G., 223
• Le Dantec, F., 22, 222
• Lepus Huxleyi, 126
• Life, universality of, 21;
  • characteristics of organic, 23;
  • mechanical conception of, 35, 92, 97;
  • continually being produced, 37;
  • innate capabilities of, 109;
  • final cause of, 206, 208;
  • the individual and the cosmic, 226;
  • the goal of nature, 114, 246;
  • polarity of, 253
• Literature, 271
• Lodge, O., 147 note
• Lotze, H., 185, 196
  
• Maeterlinck, M., 290
• Manet, E., 266 note
• Man, the growing-point of life, 154
• Martyrdoms, significance of, for ethics, 230, 233;
  • of Socrates, 230;
  • of Christ, 232
• Matter, its nature unknown, 178;
  • transmitter of consciousness, 188;
  • relation with consciousness not fortuitous, 192;
  • known only through life, 224
• Mauclair, C., 266 note
• Mendel, Abbott, 58 note
• Metabolism, 27
• Metaphysics, physics rooted in, 110
• Miers, H. A., 22
• Mill, J. S., 164, 177, 201
• Mind, 137, 167.
  • See Spirit, Intelligence
• Mitosis, 42 note
• Monism, 17 sqq.;
  • compatible with Free-will, 176;
  • dualism and, 195
• Moorhead, T. G., 83
• Morlon, 243
• Movement, in music, 262, 264;
  • in literature, 272
• Music, 261 sqq., 272
• Mysticism, 150
  
• NÄgeli, C. v., 39, 110, 140, 149
  17;
• a whole more than the sum of its parts, 119 note;
• consciousness, etc., of the, 157

Wilson, E. B., 33, 38 notes, 41, 50, 55, 119 note

WÖhler, 24

Wordsworth, W., 249

X factor in life, 1;

• directive character of, 63, 113, 116, 128
• See Adaptation, Intelligence, Language
  

Zola, E., 248

“A model of what a scientific work for the general public ought to be.”

LIFE AND EVOLUTION

BY

F. W. HEADLEY, F.Z.S.

With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 8s. net.

Extract from Preface.—“Everything has been done, by means of headings to sections, references to pages in the table of contents, and a fairly complete index, to make it easy to find one’s way about in the book.”

CHAPTER		CHAPTER
I.	Plants and Animals.	VI.	The Flight of Birds.
II.	The Sea and its Inhabitants.	VII.	The Minds of Men and Animals.
III.	Gills and Lungs.	VIII.	The Struggle for Existence.
IV.	Reptiles and their Kin.	IX.	Natural Selection.
V.	From a Reptile to a Bird.

These are the headings to the chapters, but each chapter is subdivided into a number of sections, with marginal references, so as to make the book of value as a work of reference.
Lancet.—“We consider this small book with its big title extremely well done.”
Tribune.—“The book is remarkable for its extreme lucidity. It is alluring and instructive, and is supplemented by a set of illustrations which correspond in every way to the merits of the text.”
Guardian.—“These interesting questions are dealt with by one who understands them, and has investigated many of them experimentally in a lucid, almost conversational style, but in good and attractive English, so that we can heartily recommend this volume to all who desire to learn something of what evolution really means, but are deterred by the technicalities of text-books.”
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