The Evolution of States

CONTENTS

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			PAGE
Preface			vii
Part I.
POLITICAL FORCES IN ANCIENT HISTORY
Chap.	I.	—The Subject-Matter	1
	II.	—Roman Political Evolution	8
	III.	—Greek Political Evolution	36
	IV.	—The Laws of Socio-Political Development	54
Part II.
ECONOMIC FORCES IN ANCIENT HISTORY
Chap.	I.	—Roman Economic Evolution	75
	II.	—Greek Economic Evolution	98
Part III.
CULTURE FORCES IN ANTIQUITY
Chap.	I.	—Greece	121
	II.	—The Saracens	146
	III.	—Rome	158
	Epilogue	—A General View of Decadence	170
Part IV.
THE CASE OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLICS
Note on Literature			181
Chap.	I.	—The Beginnings	183
	II.	—The Social and Political Evolution	209
	III.	—The Political Collapse	233
Part V.
THE FORTUNES OF THE LESSER EUROPEAN STATES
Chap.	I.	—Ideas of Nationality and National greatness	257
	II.	—The Scandinavian Peoples	264
	III.	—The Hansa	286
	IV.	—Holland	291
	§ 1.	The Rise of the Netherlands	293
	§ 2.	The Revolt against Spain	301
	§ 3.	The Supremacy of Dutch Commerce	310
	§ 4.	Home and Foreign Policy	318
	§ 5.	The Decline of Commercial Supremacy	321
	§ 6.	The Culture Evolution	325
	§ 7.	The Modern Situation	328
	V.	—Switzerland	331
	§ 1.	The Beginnings of Union	332
	§ 2.	The Socio-Political Evolution	338
	§ 3.	The Modern Renaissance	347
	VI.	—Portugal	355