[1] Cambridge Historical Register, pp. 1, 168.

[2] The binding of a copy of this book in Lincoln Cathedral is almost certainly the work of Siberch.

[3] See below, p. 14.

[4] See G. J. Gray, John Siberch (1921).

[5] John Tabor, Registrary from 1600 to 1645, wrote in 1620: "John Seberch a printer of the University of Cambridge was the first that printed in England in greeke letter" (Registry MS 33. 2. 17).

[6] Grace Book G

[7] Mullinger, i, 546.

[8] The Bury St Edmund's copy is now lost.

[9] See also Grace Book A, p. 117, where there is the following item in the proctors' accounts for 1476-7:

Item stacionario pro toga xiij^s iiij^d

[10] Cooper, Annals, i, 262.

[11] "Garard et spierinck" were sureties for Jerome Leonard, the Carmelite, in 1520-1 (Grace Book B, p. 91). In the same volume it is recorded that Garrett Godfrey bound a book for Cardinal Wolsey in 1528-9 (p. 152).

[12] The oak panelling and carved mantelpiece belonging to this ancient house have recently been removed to the new Combination room at Magdalene College (A. B. Gray, Cambridge revisited, p. 46).

[13] See G. F. Browne, C.A.S. Proc. III, 407.

[14] Cooper, Annals, I, 329.

[15] Abbreviated translation quoted from Cooper, Annals, ii, 368. Cooper, however, has "Chancellor and his vicegerent or three doctors" in one place, and Wordsworth (Scholae Academicae, p. 378) copies his mistake.

[16] Gray and Palmer, Wills of Cambridge Printers, pp. 10-30.

[17] ms Baker XXIX, 374, quoted in Cooper, Annals, II, 357.

[18] Cooper, Annals, II, 393.

[19] Cooper, Annals, II, 400.

[20] Cooper, Annals, II, 425.

[21] See Appendix II.

[22] Gray and Palmer, Wills of Cambridge Printers, pp. 70, 71.

[23] Strype, Annals of the Reformation, IV, 51, quoted in Cooper, Annals, II, 491.

[24] Registry ms 33. 2. 1.

[25] Arber, Stat. Reg. III, 88.

[26] The Foundation of the Christian Religion, by W. Perkins (1601), was printed for John Porter only.

[27] Arber, Stat. Reg. II, 157.

[28] Herbert's Remains, 217, 218, quoted in Cooper, Annals, III, 138, 139.

[29] Registry ms 33. 2. 23.

[30] Registry MSS 33. 2. 19, 95.

[31] Tabor kept a careful account of the expenses of the visit. The following is a typical extract:

[32] Registry ms 33. 1. 6.

[33] Registry MSS 33. 2. 2-67. See also Scintilla, a tract of 1641 reprinted in Arber, Stat. Reg. (IV, 35), and Darlow and Moule (I, 189) and containing "a remarkable testimony to the never-ending competition in the book trade."

[34] Registry MSS 33. 6. 8 and 33. 2. 95.

[35] Registry ms 33. 6. 15.

[36] Ibid. 33. 1. 6.

[37] Registry ms 33. 6. 15.

[38] Oak panelling, formerly part of this inn, has been preserved. (See A. B. Gray, Cambridge revisited, p. 102.)

[39] This amount is also referred to in Registry MSS 33. 2. 95 and 33. 6. 9 as having been printed between September, 1625, and February, 1626. From the same documents it appears that the normal output of a press at this time was 900 reams per annum.

[40] Registry ms 33. 1. 21.

[41] The king's printer.

[42] Before his election at Cambridge Daniel was already acting for Thomas Buck. The Articles of Agreement between the Bucks and Edmund Weaver (see p. 51) were written by him and the payments made by Weaver to him (Registry ms 33. 1. 13).

[43] Registry MSS 33. 1. 15 and 33. 6. 15. The "gathering of mulcts and the arresting Masters of Artes in his walke and transcribing of combinations for his said walke" were excepted from the duties which John took over from his brother.

[44] Registry ms 33. 1. 19.

[45] MSS Cole, xliii, 260. For other pictures of the house see Cranage and Stokes, The Augustinian Friary in Cambridge (C.A.S. Proc. XXII. 53). The house was used as the headquarters of the King's army in 1647 (Extract from certain papers of intelligence from Cambridge, 1647). "The report is" says the writer of the letter "that it will be this night [7 June] the King's quarters."

[46] Registry ms 33. 6. 15.

[47] Registry ms 33. 1. 22.

[48] Registry ms 33. 1. 23.

[49] Ibid. 33. 1. 24.

[50] Arber (Stat. Reg. v, xxx) notes that "in Charles I's reign there came a new development in the trade: Robert Young, Miles Flesher and John Haviland formed themselves into a Syndicate, and became privately the real owners of Printing businesses carried on ostensibly in other people's names."

[51] Afterwards university printer (see p. 62).

[52] Humble Proposals (Registry ms 33. 6. 25). The bible of 1638 remained the standard text until 1762 (Darlow and Moule, I, 182). Isaac Barrow also paid a tribute to Buck in his Mathematic Lectures:

He, with the loss of his health and money, took the greatest care of the University Press, out of regard to the honour of it: and with what types he printed, especially the sacred writings, all posterity will admire (Stokes, Esquire Bedells, 97).

[53] Parr, Life of Usher, pp. 342, 343.

[54] Registry ms 33. 6. 16.

[55] Bowes, in a note on Pietas Acad. Cant. in funere ... Carolinae (1738), says: "This appears to be the first occasion on which Arabic types were available at the Univ. Press, as up to 1736 all verses in that language were printed in Hebrew characters" (Catalogue, p. 121).

[56] He was 17th in the Ordo Senioritatis of 1612-13; George Herbert was 2nd in the same year.

[57] Reprinted at the Dublin University Press, 1835.

[58] His two colleagues in this office were his brother John (elected 1626) and Francis Hughes (elected 1629). By a grace of 5 December, 1664, the three bedells, "being all old and infirm," were allowed a deputy. The number of bedells was reduced to two in 1858. See also p. 49.

[59] For details of Buck's activities outside the Press, see Stokes, Esquire Bedells, 96-99. He had a special pew in St Edward's and was buried in that church.

[60] Registry ms 33. 1. 27. Cf. Bowes, Biog. Notes, p. 303, "He [Buck] is said to have resigned in 1653." This agreement makes it clear that Buck sold, but did not resign, his printing rights in 1653.

[61] Legate's only benefaction to the university seems to have been the gift of Annotations upon the Bible (a two-volume work printed by him in London in 1651) to the University Library.

[62] Field and Hills, another Republican who was his partner.

[63] Arber, Stat. Reg. III, 27.

[64] Registry ms 33. 6. 22.

[65] A copy was brought to Samuel Pepys in quires by his bookbinder on 27 May, 1667. "But," writes Pepys, "it is like to be so big that I shall not use it."

[66] Registry ms 33. 6. 27.

[67] Probably William Dillingham, Master of Emmanuel College.

[68] Registry ms 33. 2. 106.

[69] Registry ms 33. 1. 26.

[70] Steinschneider Festschrift, p. 90, brought to my notice by Mr Israel Abrahams.

[71] Registry ms 33. 1. 32.

[72] Massachusetts Historical Society, 1878, quoted in Bowes, Biog. Notes, p. 309.

[73] In 1699 The Tablet of Cebes was printed by Crownfield for Pindar, who held one of the printer's patents until 1730, receiving a salary of £5 per annum. See p. 95.

[74] Monk, Life of Bentley, p. 56.

[75] This was paid back by 10 Dec. 1697 (Press Accounts, 1697).

[76] "52 Alphabetts, or Setts of Printing Letters, Call'd Types" for the University Press were brought to Harwich in the Bridgeman Sloope from Brill on 28 January, 1698 (Press Accounts, 1698).

[77] See Carter, 469; Willis and Clark, III, 133; Bowes, Biog. Notes, 314. Some of the items of expenditure upon the new Press have been preserved in remarkable detail. Robert Smith's account of 12 October, 1696, for carpenter's work, consists of about 80 items.

[78] This book is, most unfortunately, not now to be found. The extracts, therefore, are necessarily taken from Wordsworth, Scholae Academicae (Appendix IX).

[79] This D^s Penny had been placed second in the Ordo Senioritatis of 1697-98 and was paid 9^d per sheet (i.e. one sixth of the compositor's allowance) for his revision of the proofs.

[80] Copy-money was the money granted in lieu of copies of books, to which the workmen were originally entitled.

[81] Hone, Everyday Book, ii, 1133.

[82] Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la BibliothÈque du Roi, 1787, I, xciii ff.

[83] The Knightbridge professorship, founded in 1683, was originally described as that of "Moral Theology or Casuisticall Divinity."

[84] Registry MSS 33. 6. 31, 32.

[85] Bowes, C. A. S. Proc. VI, 362 and Biographical Notes (Errata).

[86] Crownfield had also purchased a press from Owen in 1703 for the sum of £11 16s 6d (Press Accounts, 1702-3).

[87] Correspondence of Bentley, ed. Wordsworth, i. 245.

[88] Registry ms 33. 6. 33.

[89] Registry ms 33. 6. 35.

[90] Bowes, C. A. S. Proc. VI, 364.

[91] Registry MSS 33. 6. 36, 37.

[92] The university and town entertained Queen Anne on 16 April, 1705, when the conduits ran with wine and Isaac Newton was knighted (Cooper, IV, 71, 72).

[93] This number seems to have been increased to "3 or 400" (Registry ms 33. 6. 83).

[94] William Innys, referred to by Hume as "the great bookseller in Paul's Churchyard." Samuel Johnson, in his will, left £200 to be paid to his representatives. The Thomas Johnson who assisted in the negotiations between Innys and the university (Registry ms 33. 6. 77) may have been Johnson's cousin.

[95] Registry ms 33. 6. 83.

[96] Ibid. 33. 6. 86.

[97] Registry MSS 33. 6. 39, 44. Cf. also the Memoranda of Thomas Sherlock (B.M. Add. MSS 5822. 237):

They have now let their Right of printing Bibles, Almanacks etc. to the Company of Stationers for 210l per annum. The money is constantly and well paid by the Clerk of the Company. There is likewise an uncertain Revenue arising from our Press at home, the accounts of which are audited at the general audit.

[98] Registry ms 33. 6. 45. The Jonathan Pindar referred to is the second printer of that name. (See p. 73.) He also worked at the University Library and his account for 1713 includes charges for pens, ink, paper, mops, brooms, cleaning books, scouring the brass gloab, ringing St Mary's bell, weading, and Printer's Place (£5).

[99] Ged had previously won a wager from William Caslon, the famous type-founder; each had been given a page of type and allowed eight days to produce a plate, and the umpire had decided in Ged's favour.

[100] Ged's edition of Sallust, printed at Edinburgh non typis mobilibus, ut vulgo fieri solet, sed tabellis seu laminis fusis, was published in 1739.

[101] There is a series of 26 documents (Registry MSS 33. 6. 47-72) dealing with the Fenner-James dispute and the account given here is mainly based on them. Access to these has made it possible to supplement and correct one or two points in Bowes's Notes (pp. 315, 316). The account of the partnership given in Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, II, 721, is inaccurate in some details. Ged's own story of his career (which it is difficult sometimes to reconcile either with that of Fenner or of the brothers James) is given in Biographical Memoirs of William Ged, London, 1781, and Newcastle, 1819.

[102] In 1794 "Bibles, Testaments, Psalm-books, and Books of Common Prayer" were added to this list (Cooper, Annals, IV, 451).

[103] He was buried in the chancel of St Botolph's. His name appears many times in the parish book and in 1715 there is the following entry:

Received of Mr Crownfield from y^e year 1708 seven shillings for a piece of ground commonly called ye round O in his garden which should have been paid at 1 shilling the year for ye use of ye poor.

The "round O" was a paschal garden which supported the Easter candle. The annual rent of one shilling was paid by Hayes up to 1703. (F. R. and A. W. G[oodman], Notes on St Botolph's Church.)

[104] Thus in 1706 he supplied six books to the University Library, the gift of Mr Tomlinson. In his account there is an item "for y^e binding and putting y^e Donor's Name in each book."

[105] A condition of this appointment was that if the profits should not reach £60 per annum, the university should make good the deficiency.

[106] The most important bible printed by Bentham was that of 1762, the 'standard' edition prepared by Dr T. Paris.

[107] Registry ms 33. 7. 7.

[108] Registry ms 33. 7. 4.

[109] Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, VIII, 451.

[110] MSS 5809. 38. The coat of arms to which Cole refers now hangs in the University Press.

[111] Cambridge is depicted in rosy colours:

The Air is very healthful, and the Town plentifully supplied with excellent Water.... Nor is it better supplied with Water, than it is with other Necessaries of life. The purest Wine they receive by the Way of Lynn.... Firing is cheap; Coals from Seven-pence to Nine-pence a Bushel.

[112] Willis and Clark, III, 134. Gibbs's complete design is shown on the title-page reproduced opposite p. 99.

[113] Registry ms 33. 7. 17.

[114] Reed, Old English Letter Foundries, p. 276 (quoted in Straus and Dent, John Baskerville, p. 46).

[115] Straus and Dent, p. 50.

[116] Pollard, Fine Books, p. 300.

[117] Mr G. J. Gray has discovered that Baskerville lived in the Old Radegund Manor House in Jesus Lane.

[118] Vol. II, pp. 458 ff.

[119] RenÉ La Butte, one of Bowyer's printers who came to Cambridge with Walker and James, the founders of The Cambridge Journal, the first Cambridge newspaper; through the influence of Conyers Middleton, La Butte was established as a French teacher in Cambridge; Bentham printed his French Grammar (2nd ed.) in 1790.

[120] Archdeacon requests Mr Rivington to return it after examination, as it will save him "much trouble in transcribing."

[121] Registry ms 33. 7. 20.

[122] Wakefield had published a Latin version of Gray's Elegy in 1775 and a volume of Latin poems in 1776, but left the Church of England ten years later. He was afterwards imprisoned for a libel on Bishop Watson.

[123] Cf. Cole's diary, 1 July, 1769: "Mr Gray's ode exceedingly elegant and well set to music."

[124] Wordsworth, Scholae Academicae, p. 153. See also Stokes, Esquire Bedells, pp. 116, 117.

[125] Literary Anecdotes, VIII, 414.

[126] Published in London, 1771.

[127] See Cambridge Historical Register, p. vii.

[128] Collectanea, vol. III, Part VII (Oxford Historical Society), where a full account (by Horace Hart) of Stanhope's invention and of his connection with the Clarendon Press will be found.

[129] Details of Wilson's bill may be seen in Registry ms 33. 7. 24, and have been printed in Bowes, Biographical Notes, p. 327.

[130] Registry ms 33. 7. 26.

[131] The provision of refreshment at meetings of the Syndicate had also been introduced by this time. A receipt for tea, coffee, muffins, and toast provided during the years 1815 and 1816 is preserved at the Press.

[132] In recognition of his services Hansard was presented by the Syndics with "a handsome silver inkstand with an appropriate inscription."

[133] Quoted in Willis and Clark, iii, 142.

[134] Quoted in Willis and Clark, iii, 142.

[135] Syndics' Minute Book 1823-43, from which various extracts are quoted in the later part of this chapter.

[136] Registry ms 33. 1. 46.

[137] See pp. 100, 115.

[138] See plan, facing p. 128.

[139] The catalogue of Works edited for the Syndics (1857) contained about 25 titles.