  Adams, C.F., and E.G. Bourne, 200. Adams, J.Q., as President, 207, 209. Adams, John, as President, 207. Adelaide, Australia, Froude’s description, 42. Alabama claims, arbitration, 218. Alexander Severus, homage to history, 4. Alison, Sir Archibald, present-day reputation, 40. Allison, W.B., and Hayes’s New York Custom-house appointments, 255; and Silver Bill of 1878, 260. American historians, European recognition, 103. American Historical Association, author’s addresses before, 1 n., 25, 81; interest of E.G. Bourne, 196. American history, qualities, 4, 20–23; newspapers as sources, 29–32, 85–95; and early English history, 171. See also Elections, History, Presidential, United States, and periods by name. American Revolution, Gibbon on, 113. Amyot, Jacques, on Alexander Severus, 4. Ancient history, monopoly of German historians, 75. See also Ferrero, Gibbon, Herodotus, Tacitus, Thucydides. Annexations, Philippines, 195, 233, 234, 286; constitutional control, Louisiana, 208, 211; and slavery, Texas and California, 212. Arbitrary arrests during Civil War, 214, 215. Arbitration, Alabama claims, 218; Cleveland and Venezuela, 225, 285; English draft general treaty, 226. Army, Federal, and suppression of rioting, 225, 253; character of Cromwell’s, 319, 320. Arnold, Matthew, on Americans, 21; on Sainte-Beuve, 73; on criticism, 292. Arthur, C.A., as President, 222; removal by Hayes, 255. Auckland, Lord, on agreeing with Macaulay, 323. Aulard, F.A., on Taine, 83. Bagehot, Walter, on presidential office, 204, 217. Baltimore, railroad riot of 1877, 252. Balzac, HonorÉ de, importance to historians, 50, 73. Bancroft, George, use of footnotes, 33; remuneration, 78; T.W. Higginson on, over-fondness for manuscript sources, inaccuracy of quotations, 294. Beauregard, P.G.T., and burning of Columbia, 304. Bemis, George, and Lecky, 157. Bigelow, John, as journalist, 90; on importance of Godkin to The Nation, 275. Bismarck, FÜrst von, on power of press, 89. Blaine, J.G., value of “Twenty Years,” 33; on power of Congress over President, 216; on Hayes and Packard, 248. Boer War, Godkin on, 290. Boston, H.G. Wells’s criticism considered, 138. Boston AthenÆum, editions of Gibbon in, 138. Bourne, E.G., and preparation of author’s history, as critic, 85, 86, 197–199; essay on, 191–200; malady, 191, 192; physique, 191; death, 192; education, 192; works, 193–195; professorships, 193; on Marcus Whitman, 193; on Columbus, 194, 195; on Philippines and Monroe Doctrine, 195; unfinished biography of Motley, 196; critical notices, 196, 197; thoroughness, 196; interest in American Historical Association, 196; desultory reading, 199; and editorship of publications of Massachusetts Historical Society, 199. Bowles, Samuel, as journalist, 90. Brown, John, Pottawatomie Massacre and election of 1856, 88. Browning, Oscar, on Carlyle, 41. BrunetiÈre, Ferdinand, on French literary masters, 73. Bryan, W.J., campaign of 1896, 228, 286. Bryce, James, importance of “Holy Roman Empire,” 60, 61; on Federal Constitution, 203; on presidential office, 204, 205, 235, 240; on Godkin and The Nation, 276, 286, 295; on Herbert Spencer, 293. Buchanan, James, as President, 213. Buckle, H.T., enthusiasm, 38; influence on Lecky, 154. Burt, S.W., appointment by Hayes, 255. Bury, J.B., edition of Gibbon, 61; on Gibbon, 109, 110. Butler, Joseph, influence on Lecky, 154. Cabinet, Grant’s, 186, 278; character of Jackson’s, 210; Pierce and Buchanan controlled by, 213; Hayes’s, 221, 246–248, 262. Cabot, Charles, gift to Boston AthenÆum, 138. Calhoun, J.C., and annexation of Texas, 211. Carlyle, Thomas, as historian, 38, 41; and mathematics, 56, 57; importance in training of historians, “French Revolution” and “Frederick,” 62–64; biography, 64; self-education, 65; lack of practical experience, 66; on historical method, 77; on Gibbon, 115; on Cromwell, inaccuracy of quotations, 144, 318, 321; on pecuniary rewards of literary men, 146; Gladstone on, 155. Chamberlain, D.H., contested election, 248. Chamberlain, Joseph, on newspapers and public opinion, 31; Godkin on, 290. Chambliss, N.R., on burning of Columbia, 305, 309. Channing, Edward, on Gardiner, 323. Charleston, secession movement, 91; feeling of Union army towards, 306. Charleston Courier, and secession movement, 92. Charleston Mercury, and secession movement, 92. Chatham, Earl of, on Thucydides, 15. Choate, Rufus, and Whig nominations in 1852, 87. Christianity, Gibbon on early church, 131–133. Cicero, homage to history, 4; importance to historians, 51; Gibbon on, 120; contradictions, 290. Civil service, J.D. Cox and reform, 186; spoils system, 209, 211; need of special training ignored, 210; reform under Hayes, 221, 254–257; Reform Bill, 222; Cleveland and reform, 223, 224; demand on President’s time of appointments, number of presidential offices, 236; Godkin and reform, 280. Civil War, newspapers as historical source on, 32, 92–94; value of Official Records, 92; attitude of Lecky, 157; presidential office during, arbitrary actions, 213–216; Godkin as correspondent during, 273; burning of Columbia, 301–313. Cleveland, Grover, as President, 223–226; and civil service reform, 223; soundness on finances, 225; and railroad riots, 225; foreign policy, 225; and disorganization of Democracy, 226; and public opinion, 231; as a prime minister, 241, 263; and Hayes, attends funeral of Hayes, 263; attitude of Godkin, 285. Columbia, S.C., burning of, 301–313; Sherman’s and Hampton’s accounts discredited, 301–308; feeling of Union army towards, 306–308; Sherman’s orders on occupation, 307; verdict of mixed commission on, 308; mob responsibility, 308–313. Columbia University, lecture by author at, 47. Commonwealth of England. See Cromwell. Comte, Auguste, influence, 73. Conciseness in history, 11, 14, 16, 20, 36. Congress, control of Senate over Pierce and Buchanan, 213; power during Johnson’s administration, 216; overshadows President, power of Speaker of House, 227; McKinley’s control over, 234; contact with President, 237; and Hayes, 249, 256, 257, 261. Conkling, Roscoe, contest with Hayes over New York Custom-house, 255. Constitution. See Federal Constitution. Copyright, The Nation and international, 282. Cornell, A.B., removal by Hayes, 255. Corruption, Gibbon on, 127. Cox, J.D., on Gardiner, 44, 323; essay on, 185–188; varied activities, 185; as general, 185; as governor, 185; and negro suffrage, 186; as cabinet Crimean War, Godkin on, 273. Cromer, Lord, on power of press, 89, 96. Cromwell, Oliver, Carlyle’s biography, 144, 150; Gardiner’s influence on fame, 150; Gardiner’s estimate, 317–323; character, 319; character of army, 319, 320; foreign policy, 321; lack of constructive statesmanship, 321; as typical Englishman, 322; and Revolution of 1688, 322, 323. Curchod, Suzanne, and Gibbon, 136. Curtis, G.W., on The Nation, 270. Curtius, Ernst, as historian, 34, 43. Dana, C.A., as journalist, historical value of articles, 31, 90. Darwin, C.R., biography, 59; truthfulness, 145. Dates in historical work, importance of newspapers, 87. Democratic party, and Cleveland’s administration, 223, 226. Demosthenes, and Thucydides, 15. Desultory reading in training of historian, 64, 65, 199. Devens, Charles, in Hayes’s cabinet, 247. Deyverdun, Georges, collaboration with Gibbon, 124. Dicey, A.V., as contributor to The Nation, 282, 294. Dictionaries, importance of quotations in, 55. Dingley Tariff Act, 229. Duff, Sir M.E. Grant, on Herodotus, 5. Eckermann, J.P., “Conversations with Goethe,” 70–72. Elections, 1852, Whig nominations, Scott’s stumping tour, 86, 87; 1856, Kansas as issue, 88; 1876, controversy, and flexibility of Constitution, 203, 219, 245; 1896, bimetallism as issue, 228; attitude of Godkin, 286. Elizabeth, Froude and Gardiner on, 149; and Anglo-Saxon development, 172. Emerson, R.W., on originality, 28; on mathematics, 57; on philanthropists, 181; on The Nation, 270. England, Macaulay’s history, 37, 41, 62; Gardiner’s history, 143–150; Lecky’s history, 154, 155; Walpole’s history, 161, 163, 164; conditions in 1815, 161; Green’s history, 171, 172; Alabama claims arbitration, 217; Venezuela-Guiana boundary, 225, 285; draft general arbitration treaty, 226; attitude of Godkin, 272, 284, 290; Cromwell and the Commonwealth, 317–323. Evarts, W.M., Secretary of State, ability, 246; social character, 262; pessimism, 288. Evening Post, acquires The Nation, Godkin as editor, 274. Evolution, and history, 4, 36. Executive. See Civil service, Presidential office. Federal Constitution, English model, 203; rigidity and flexibility, 203, 216; as political tradition, 208. See also Presidential office. Ferrero, Guglielmo, as historian, 75; on Cicero’s contradictions, 290. Fessenden, W.P., and Whig nominations in 1852, 87. Fillmore, Martin, as President, 212. Finances, greenback craze, 219, 246, 281; silver agitation of 1878, 221, 259, 260; Silver Act of 1890, 224, 227; Cleveland’s soundness, 225; attitude of Republican party on money, 227, 257; issue in campaign of 1896, 228, 286; gold standard, 231; depression (1877–1878), 251, 258; Hayes’s administration, 257–260; Sherman’s refunding, 257; resumption of specie payments, 258, 259; The Nation and sound, 280–282. Fine arts, and training of historian, 59. Firth, C.H., to continue Gardiner’s history, 148. Fish, Hamilton, and arbitration of Alabama claims, 218. Fiske, John, anecdote of the Websters, 54; as popular scientist, 58; power of concentration, 69. Footnotes, use in histories, 33. Ford, P.L., on writing criticisms for The Nation, 292. Foreign relations, under Washington, 206; under Tyler and Polk, 211; under Grant, 218; under Cleveland, 225, 285; under McKinley, 231–234. See also Monroe Doctrine. Fourth estate, newspaper as, 96. Frederick the Great, Carlyle’s biography, 63. Frederick III of Germany, “wise emperor,” 127. Freeman, E.A., on Gibbon, 109. French, importance to historians, 49–51; Gibbon’s knowledge, 119, 123. French Revolution, Carlyle’s history, 62; Gibbon and, 113. Froude, J.A., on Ulysses, 2; inaccuracy, 41; biography of Carlyle, 64; on Elizabeth, 143, 149. Gardiner, S.R., truthfulness, 7, 145; as historical model, 42, 45; lack of practical experience, 66, 148; method, 76; essay on, 143–150; death, 143; thoroughness of research, 143, 157; as linguist, 143; manuscript material, 143; on Carlyle’s “Cromwell,” 144; writings and editorial work, 144; birth, 145; conception of great work, 145; Irvingite, 146; struggles and success, 146, 147; as teacher, 147; honors, 147; day’s routine, manner of composition, 147; style, 148; soundness and influence of historical estimates, 149–150; estimate of Cromwell, 150, 317–323; on J.R. Green, 172; on Hampden, 317; on character of Puritans, 318; on Cromwell’s army, 320; on character of Rump, 320; rank as historian, 323. Gardner, Percy, on Herodotus, 5, 40. Garfield, J.A., desire for fame, 3; as President, 222; as speaker, 241. Garrison, W.P., as literary editor of The Nation, 291–295. Generalizations, need of care, 32, 178. German, importance to historians, 52. German historians, and ancient history, 75. Gibbes, R.W., destruction of collections, 312. Gibbon, Edward, rank and characteristics as historian, 5, 10, 109, 114; on Tacitus, 10, 116; style, 53, 133; and mathematics, 56; importance in training of historian, 60; autobiographies, 64, 134; essay on, 107–140; conception of history, 107; completion of it, 108; progress and success of work, 108; and classic masters, 110; range of work, 110; its endurance, 110; as possible writer of contemporary history, 111, 112; political career, 111; conservatism, 112; and American Revolution, 113; historical subjects considered by, 115; and earlier period of Roman Empire, 116; intellectual training, 117–123; love of reading, 118; at Oxford, 118; conversion and reconversion, 118, 121; at Lausanne, 119; self-training, 119, 122; linguistic knowledge, 119, 120, 122, 123; influence of Pascal, 119; and Voltaire, 121; on Robertson, 122; “Essay on Study of Literature,” 123; service in militia, its influence, 123; manuscript history of Switzerland, 124; begins work on history, 124; fame rests on it, 125; Milman, Guizot, and Mommsen on it, 125; quotations from, 126–128; definitions of history, 126; on religion under Pagan empire, 126; on happiest period of mankind, 127; on corruption, 127; on sea-power, 127; subjection to criticism, 128; correctness, 128; truthfulness, 129, 130; use of conjecture, 129; precision and accuracy, 129; treatment of early Christian church, 131–133; on Julian the Apostate, 132; on Theodora, licentious passages, 133; composition of history, 134; love of books and wine, 135; gout, 135; and women, love affair, 136–138; history in quarto edition, 138; human importance of work, 139; satisfaction with career, 139. Gladstone, W.E., on Lecky, Carlyle, and Macaulay, 155. Gloucester, William Henry, Duke of, on Gibbon’s history, 138. Godkin, E.L., power as journalist, 95; essay on, 267–297; rank as journalist, 267; on Greeley, 267, 268; illustration of influence, 268; character, 269; indirect influence, character of clientÈle, 270, 271; authorship of articles in The Nation, 271; Essays, 272; early life, 272; early optimism and later pessimism concerning America, 272, 284–290, 296; as war correspondent, 272; in America, journey in South, 273; correspondent of London News, 273; foundation of The Nation, 273; editor of Evening Post, 274; retirement, 274; lectures, honors, 274; and offer of professorship, 274–276; nervous strain, 275; accused of censorious criticism, 276; of Goethe, J.W. von, on MoliÈre, 50; on linguistic ability, 52; “Faust” and study of human character, 68; “Conversations,” 70, 72; wide outlook, 71. Gold Standard Act, 231. Gordon, C.G., newspapers and Soudan expedition, 89. Gout, Gibbon on, 135. Grant, U.S., first cabinet, 186, 278; and Cox, 187; as President, moral tone of administration, 217–219, 262; on criticism, 218, 239. Greek, importance to historians, 51; Gibbon’s knowledge, 120, 122, 123. Greek history. See Herodotus, Thucydides. Greeley, Horace, influence as journalist, historical value of articles, 31, 90, 267; partisanship, 91; character, 268–270. Green, J.R., as historian, 42; address on, 171–173; popularity in America, 171; on Elizabeth, 172; accuracy, 172; character, 172; on Cromwell’s army, 319. Greenbacks. See Finances. Grote, George, on Thucydides, 7; on references, 33; business training, 78. Guizot, F.P.G., on Gibbon’s history, 125. Hadrian, “traveling emperor,” 127. Halleck, H.W., attitude towards Charleston, 306. Hamilton, Alexander, on presidential office, 204, 233, 240; as adviser of Washington, 207. Hampden, John, as possible Anglo-Saxon hero, 317; and Revolution of 1688, 323. Hampton, Wade, and burning of Columbia, 302–305, 308. Harrison, Benjamin, as President, 226; as speaker, 241. Harrison, Frederic, on Gibbon, 10; on Spencer Walpole, 165. Harrison, W.H., as President, 211. Hart, A.B., on Herodotus, 6. Harvard University, addresses of author at, 47, 101–103, 105, 243, 265; striving after exact knowledge, 101; honorary degree for Hayes, 251; offers professorship to Godkin, 274, 275; Godkin Lectureship, 296. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, conciseness, 36. Hay, John, anecdote of Grant, 218; as Secretary of State, 234; on Hayes and finances, 260. Hayes, Lucy W., as wife of President, 221, 262. Hayes, R.B., election controversy, 203, 219, 245; administration, 219–222, 245–264; as a prime minister, 241, 263; righteousness of acceptance of election, 245; difficulty of situation, 245, 261; as governor, 246; letter of acceptance, 246; inaugural, 246; cabinet, 246–248, 262; withdrawal of troops from South, 248, 249; and Congress, 249, 256, 257, 261; civil service reforms, contest with Conkling, 250, 254–257; honorary degree from Harvard, 251; and railroad riots, 253, 254; and finances, independent thinking, 257–260; vetoes of repeal of Federal election laws, 260; extra sessions of Congress, 261; serenity, 261; popular support, 261; and election of 1880, 261; moral tone of administration, 262; and Cleveland, 263. Herodotus, on purpose of history, 2; rank as historian, 5, 34, 40; as contemporary historian, 17. Higginson, T.W., on Bancroft, 294. Hildreth, Richard, historical value of newspaper articles, 31. Hill, G.B., on Gibbon’s history and autobiography, 125. Historian, training, 49–79; necessary linguistic knowledge, 49–52; acquisition of style, 52–55; knowledge of Historians, Shakespeare and Homer as, 1, 2, 7; advantages and disadvantages of present-day, 4, 20; best, 5, 11; Herodotus, 5, 17, 34, 40; Thucydides, 6–8, 11–15, 17–19, 35, 61, 110, 111, 128; Tacitus, 8–10, 15, 17–20, 61, 110, 111, 116, 128; Gibbon, 10, 60, 107–140; conciseness, 11, 14, 16, 20, 36; source material, 12–16, 20, 22; contemporaneousness, 17–20; necessary qualities, 20; monographs, 22; patriotism, 22; necessity and kinds of originality, 27–29, 75; use of newspapers, 29–32, 83–97; generalizations, 32, 178; use of footnotes, 33; fresh combination of well-known facts, 34; present-day models, 34–43; reflection, 37; enthusiasm, 38; Macaulay, 36–38, 41, 62; Carlyle, 38, 41, 62; old and new schools, ethical judgments, human interest, 39, 43–45; Hume, Robertson, Alison, 40; Froude, 41; Green, 42, 171–173; Stubbs, 42, 157; Gardiner, 42, 143–150, 157, 323; and popularity, 44; growth of candor, 45; Bryce, 60, 61; use of manuscript material, 85, 294; gospel of exact knowledge, 101; Lecky, 153–158; Spencer Walpole, 161–167; E.L. Pierce, 177–181; J.D. Cox, 187; E.G. Bourne, 191–200; Bancroft, 294. See also titles above and below. History, intellectual rank, 1; and poetry, 1, 2; and physical sciences, 2; definitions, 2, 6, 43, 126; homage of politicians, 3; and evolution, 4, 36; newspapers as source, 29–32, 83–97; value of manuscript sources, 85, 294. See also two titles above. Hoar, E.R., in Grant’s cabinet, 186, 278; and The Nation, 278. Holm, Adolf, on Thucydides, 39; on scientific history, 43; as historian, 75. Holst, H.E. von, use of newspapers, 29, 85; on westward expansion and slavery, 212. Home rule, Lecky’s attitude, 156. Homer, as historian, 1, 2, 22; and study of human character, 67. House of Representatives. See Congress. Howard, O.O., at burning of Columbia, 302, 307, 311, 312. Howells, W.D., pessimism, 288. Hugo, Victor, influence, 73. Hume, David, present-day reputation, 40, 111; on Gibbon’s history of Switzerland, 124. Huxley, T.H., as popular scientist, 58; biography, 59; on things useful, 102; on college training, 102. Income tax decision, Lecky on, 157. Ireland, Lecky’s history, 155. Jackson, Andrew, as President, 209–211; as leader of democracy, 209; and spoils system, 209; and training for administrative work, 210; and nullification, 210. James, Henry, on Sainte-Beuve, 73. James, T.L., as postmaster of New York, 254. James, William, on Godkin, 270. Jay Treaty, as precedent for treaty-making power, 206. Jebb, Sir R.C., on Herodotus, 6, 17; on Tacitus, 10; on Thucydides, 17. Jefferson, Thomas, as President, 207, 208; Louisiana Purchase, 208. Johnson, Andrew, as President, 216. Johnson, Samuel, on American Revolution, 113. Johnston, J.E., Hayes desires to offer cabinet position to, 247. Journalists, Godkin, 267–297. See also Newspapers. Jowett, Benjamin, on Thucydides, 6. Julian the Apostate, Gibbon’s treatment, 132.
Kent, James, on danger in presidential contests, 219. Key, D.M., in Hayes’s cabinet, 247. Kinglake, A.W., on power of press, 89. Laboulaye, Édouard, on Federal Constitution, 204. Langlois, C.V., on Froude, 41; on ethical judgments, 43; on note-making, 76. Latin, importance to historians, 49, 51, 54; Gibbon’s knowledge, 120, 123. Laud, William, Macaulay and Gardiner on, 149. Lausanne, Gibbon at, 108, 113, 119, 121; Voltaire’s theatre, 121. Lea, H.C., business training, 79; as scientific historian, 103. Lecky, W.E. H., and Christianity, 131; essay on, 153–158; precocity, 153; value of “Morals,” 153; intellectual training, 153; as philosophic historian, 154; “England,” 154, 155; on French Revolution, 155; on Irish history, 155; in politics, 156; popularity of history, 156; social traits, 156; interest in America, 157; historic divination, 158; “Democracy and Liberty,” 158. Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, on power of press, 96. Lincoln, Abraham, as President, 213–216; theory and action of war power, 213; as a precedent, 214; popular support, 215; and public opinion, 231; as a prime minister, 241. Linguistic ability, importance to historians, 49–52; Gibbon’s, 133; Gardiner’s, 143. Literary criticism in The Nation, 291–295. Literary style, acquisition by historian, 52–55; Macaulay’s, 55; Gibbon’s, 133; Gardiner’s, 148; Spencer Walpole’s, 165. Lodge, H.C., in the House, 227. Logan, J.A., at burning of Columbia, 303, 311, 312. London Daily News, Godkin as American correspondent, 273. Long Parliament, character of rump, 320. Louisiana, purchase as precedent, 208; overthrow of carpet-bag government, 248, 249. Lowell, J.R., on present-day life, 21; on Carlyle, 39; on college training, 102; on Darwin, 145; on Grant’s cabinet, 186; on The Nation, 268, 271, 278; on importance of Godkin to it, 275. Macaulay, Lord, on Shakespeare as historian, 2; on Herodotus, 5; prolixity, 11, 16, 36; on Thucydides, 19, 61; lack of reflection and digestion, 37; enthusiasm, 38; as partisan, 41; and popularity, 44; on Greek and Latin, 51; style, 55; on mathematics, 56; importance in training of historian, 62; biography, 64; as reader, 69; on Gibbon, 115; on Wentworth and Laud, 149; Gladstone on, 155; on Cromwell, 318; on character of Puritans, 318; on Cromwell’s army, 319; Auckland on agreeing with, 323. McCrary, G.W., in Hayes’s cabinet, 247. McKim, J.M., and foundation of The Nation, 273, 274. McKinley, William, as leader of House, 227; tariff bill, 227; as President, 229–234; change in tariff views, 229–231; and gold standard, 231; and public opinion, Spanish War and Philippines, 231–234; diplomacy, 234; influence on Congress, 234; as speaker, 241; attitude of Godkin, 286. Mackintosh, Sir James, on irreligion of Gibbon’s time, 132. Madison, James, as President, 207. Mahaffy, J.P., on Herodotus, 5; on Thucydides, 8. Mahan, A.T., anticipation of theory, 127. Maine, Sir Henry, on Federal Constitution, 203, 206. Manuscript sources, value, 85, 91, 294; Gardiner’s use, 143, 144. Massachusetts Historical Society, papers by author before, 141, 151, 159, 175, 183, 189, 315; recognition of Gardiner, 147; of Lecky, 156; interest of E.L. Pierce in, 181; E.G. Bourne and editorship of publications, 199. Mathematics, and training of historian, 55–57. Matthews, William, on The Nation, 278, 279. Merritt, E.A., appointment by Hayes, 255. Mexican War, aggression, 212; and slavery, 212. Milligan case, and arbitrary government, 215. Milman, H.H., on Gibbon’s history, 125, 139. Milton, John, on books, 60. MoliÈre, importance to historians, 49. Mommsen, Theodor, on Gibbon, 11, 125; as scientific historian, 43. Money. See Finances. Monographs, use by general historians, 22. Monroe, James, as President, 207, 209. Monroe Doctrine, and Philippines, 195; and development of presidential office, 209. Montesquieu, Gibbon on, 119. Morison, J.A. Cotter, on Gibbon, 131. Morley, John, on Macaulay, 16, 38, 55; on Cicero and Voltaire, 51. Morrill, J.S., and Hayes’s New York Custom-house appointments, 255. Morris, Gouverneur, and framing of Constitution, 204. Morse, C.F., on feeling in Union army towards South Carolina, 307. Motley, J.L., best work, 68; advice to historians, 74, 75; and manuscript sources, 86, 91; Bourne’s unfinished biography, 196. Nation, as historical source, 95; J.D. Cox as contributor, 187; circulation, 270; foundation, 273; weekly edition of Evening Post, 274. See also Godkin. Necker, Mme. See Curchod. Negro suffrage, opposition of J.D. Cox, 186. Nerva, as “gray emperor,” 127. “New English Dictionary,” importance of quotations in, 55. New York Custom-house, Hayes’s reforms and appointments, 254. New York Weekly Tribune, influence, 31, 90, 91, 267. See also Greeley. Newspapers, as historical sources, 29–32, 83–97; use by Von Holst, 29; as registers of facts, 30, 86–89; importance for dates, 30, 87; as guide of public opinion, 31, 89–92; power of New York Weekly Tribune, 31, 90, 91, 267–269; qualities of evidence, 83, 84; value in American history, for period 1850–1860, 85–92; and correction of logical assumptions, 87–89; as record of speeches and letters, 89; value of partisanship, 91; value of Northern, for Civil War period, 92, 93; of Southern, 93; laboriousness of research, 93; value for Reconstruction, 94; canons of use, 96; as fourth estate, 96; criticisms of Presidents, 239. See also Nation. Niebuhr, B.G., on Gibbon, 10, 109; on training of historian, 29. North, Sir Thomas, translation of Plutarch, 1. Norton, C.E., on Godkin, 270; and foundation of The Nation, 273, 274. Note-making in historical work, 76. Nullification, Jackson’s course, 210. “Official Records of Union and Confederate armies,” value as historical source, 92. “Ohio idea,” 259. Oliver, J.M., at burning of Columbia, 313. Olmsted, F.L., Godkin on Southern books, 273; interest in The Nation, 274; on importance of Godkin to it, 275. Olney, Richard, draft general arbitration treaty, 226. Originality in history, 27–29, 34, 75. Oxford University, address of author at, 169. Pacific Coast, Goethe’s prophecy, 71. Packard, S.B., overthrow of government, 248, 249. Palmerston, Lord, Spencer Walpole’s estimate, 164. Panama Canal, Goethe’s prophecy, 72. Paper money. See Finances. Parkman, Francis, originality, 28; best work, 68; remuneration, 78; national pride in, 102; and religion, 131; on The Nation, 270, 295. Partisanship, historical value of newspaper, 83, 91. Pascal, Blaise, influence on Gibbon, 119. Pasteur, Louis, biography, 59. Patriotism in historians, 22. Pericles, funeral oration, 18, 23. Philippines, annexation and Monroe Doctrine, 195; McKinley’s attitude, 233; Godkin’s attitude, 286. Physical sciences, and history, 2; and training of historian, 55–59. Pierce, Franklin, as President, 213. Pike, J.S., historical value of newspaper articles, 31. Pittsburg, railroad riot of 1877, 252, 253. Pliny the Younger, on Tacitus, 9. Plutarch, North’s translation, 1; on Thucydides, 19. Poetry, and history, 1. Politics, Godkin on decline, 296, 297. See also Civil service, Congress, Elections, Newspapers, Presidential office, and parties by name. Polk, J.K., as President, 211. Polybius, as historian, 6. Popularity, and historical writing, 44. Presidential office, essay on, 203–241; flexibility of powers and duties, 204; under Washington, control of treaties, 205–207; John Adams to J.Q. Adams, extension of power, 207–209; and annexations, 208; and Monroe Doctrine, 209; under Jackson, era of vulgarity, spoils system, 209–211; Van Buren to Buchanan, annexations and slavery, 211–213; period of weakness, 213; under Lincoln, war power, 213–216; under Johnson, nadir, 216; and cabinet government, 217, 240, 263; under Grant, 217–219, 262; veto power, 219; Kent on dangers in elections, 219; contested election of 1876, 219, 254; under Hayes, 220–222, 245–264; under Garfield, civil service reform, 222; under Arthur, 222; under Cleveland, advance in power, 223–226; under Harrison, 226–228; under McKinley, 229–234; and public opinion, 231–234; character of Roosevelt, 235; business, interruptions and their remedy, 236–239; appointments, number of presidential offices, 236; contact with Congress, 237; criticisms, 238–240; success of system, 240–241. Pritchett, H.S., on McKinley and Philippines, 233. Public opinion, newspapers as guide, 31, 89–92; backing of Lincoln’s extra-legal actions, 215; influence on Presidents, 231–234. Puritans, Macaulay and Gardiner on character, 318. Pym, John, and Revolution of 1688, 323. Railroad riots, 1894, Cleveland and use of Federal troops, 225; 1877, cause, 251; strike and conflicts, 253; use of Federal troops, 253; social alarm, 254; conduct of Hayes, 254. Ranke, Leopold von, “England,” 143. Raymond, H.J., power as journalist, 90. Reading, desultory, 64, 65, 199; facility and retention, 69; note-making, 76. Reconstruction, newspapers as historical source, 94, 95; J.D. Cox’s opposition to negro suffrage, 186; failure, final withdrawal of troops, 248, 249; attitude of The Nation, 282. Reed, T.B., and power of Speaker, 227. Reflection in historical work, 37. Reform act of 1832, Lord John Russell’s introduction, 162. Religion, Gibbon on, under Pagan empire, 126; Gibbon’s treatment of early Christian church, 131–133. Republican party, newspapers as record of formation, 90; and sound money, 227, 257. Resumption of specie payments, opposition and success, 258, 259. Revolution of 1688, question of Cromwell’s influence, 322, 323. Riots. See Railroad. Robertson, William, present-day reputation, 40, 111; Gibbon on, 122. Rome. See Gibbon, Tacitus. Roosevelt, Theodore, character, 235; routine as President, 236, 238. Ropes, J.C., as military historian, 13. Round Table, character, 279. Rousseau, J.J., on Gibbon as lover, 137. Russell, Lord John, and Reform Act of 1832, 162; Spencer Walpole’s biography, 162. Sainte-Beuve, C.A., style, 53; on desultory reading, 65; on biographies of Goethe, 72; as critic, 72; on Gibbon, 114, 123; on Tacitus, 128. Salisbury, Lord, Godkin on, 290. Santa Maria in Ara Coeli, Bambino, 107; connection with Gibbon, 107. Schofield, J.M., on J.D. Cox, 185. Schouler, William, power as journalist, 90. Schurz, Carl, on history as profession, 78; criticism of Cleveland’s Venezuelan policy, 239; in Ohio campaign of Scott, Winfield, presidential campaign, 86, 87. Sea-power, Gibbon on, 127. Senate. See Congress. Seward, W.H., and arbitrary arrests, 214. Shakespeare, William, as historian, 1, 7, 22; conciseness, 36; and study of human character, 67. Shaw, Bernard, on reality of Shakespeare’s characters, 67. Sheffield, Lord, sends wine to Gibbon, 135. Sherman, John, and Silver Bill of 1878, 221, 259, 260; on contact of President and Congress, 237; in Ohio campaign of 1875, 246; Secretary of Treasury, ability, 247, 258; refunding, 258; abused for depression, specie resumption, 258, 259; social character, 263; and greenback inflation, 281. Sherman, W.T., and Hayes’s suggestion of war portfolio for General Johnston, 247; and burning of Columbia, 301–313. Sicilian expedition, Thucydides’s account, 19, 61. Silver. See Finances. Slavery, and westward expansion, 212. Source material, use by Thucydides and Tacitus, 12–16; modern, 20, 22; newspapers, 29–32, 83–97; manuscript, 85, 91, 143, 294. South Carolina, overthrow of carpet-bag government, 248; feeling of Union army towards, 306. Spanish War, newspapers and cause, 89; McKinley’s course, 233; attitude of Godkin, 286. Speaker of House of Representatives, power, 227. Spectator, on McKinley’s diplomacy, 234. Spedding, James, Gardiner on, 145. Spencer, Herbert, on aim of education, 77; on age as factor in evidence, 85; Bryce on, 293. Spoils system. See Civil service. StaËl, Madame de, parents, 137; on Gibbon, 137 n. “Stalwarts,” origin of name, 249. Stanton, E.M., and arbitrary arrests, 214. Stephens, H.M., on French Revolution, 155. Stone, G.A., at burning of Columbia, 302, 310, 311. Story, Joseph, on presidential character, 235. Stubbs, William, as historian, 42, 69, 157. Suffrage, Godkin on universal, 296. See also Negro. Sumner, Charles, style, 53. Switzerland, Gibbon’s manuscript history, 124. Tacitus, rank as historian, 5; characteristics as historian, 8–10, 128; conciseness, 11, 16; use of source material, 15; as contemporary historian, 17, 19, 111; on history, 43; importance in training of historian, 61; Gibbon on, 116; on censure, 276. Taine, H.A., use of journals, 83. Tariff, Cleveland’s attitude, 225; McKinley Act, 227; Dingley Act, 229; McKinley’s change of opinion, 229–231; The Nation and protection, 282. Taylor, Zachary, as President, 212. Texan annexation, 211; and slavery, 212. Thackeray, W.M., on Macaulay, 38. Theodora, Gibbon’s treatment, 133. Thompson, R.W., in Hayes’s cabinet, 247. Thucydides, rank as historian, 5; on history, 6; characteristics as historian, 6–8, 39, 128; conciseness, 11, 14, 16, 36; use of personal sources material, 12–14; as contemporary historian, 17, 111; importance in training of historian, 61. Thurman, A.G., and greenback inflation, 281. Ticknor, George, pessimism, 288. Tilden, S.J., election controversy, 203, 219, 245. Tocqueville, Alexis de, style, 65; on presidential office, 210. Trajan, “wise emperor,” 127. Treaty-making power, Jay Treaty as precedent, 206. Trent, W.P., on burning of Columbia, 302. Trevelyan, Sir G.O., biography of Macaulay, 64. Tyler, John, as President, 211, 212. Tyndall, John, as popular scientist, 58.
United States, Goethe’s prophecy of westward extension and Panama Canal, 71; political traditions, 208; Godkin’s early optimism and later pessimism concerning, 272, 284–290, 296; Godkin on general progress and political decline, 296. See also American, Finances, Newspapers, Politics. Universities, strife after exact knowledge, 101; advantages and aim of training, 102. Vallandigham case, Lincoln’s attitude, 214. Van Buren, Martin, as President, 211. Venezuela-Guiana boundary, Cleveland’s action, 225 Godkin’s attitude, 285. Veto power, wisdom, 219. Voltaire, importance to historians, 51; theatre at Lausanne, 121; and Gibbon, 121. Walker, F.A., career, 283; The Nation ignores death of, 283, 284. Walpole, Sir Spencer, essay on, 161–167; “England,” 161, 163, 164; biography of Lord John Russell, 162; knowledge of men, 164; of continental politics, 164; “Studies in Biography,” 164; knowledge of practical politics, 165; as man of affairs, 165; style, 165; visit to, character, 165–167; death, 167. War power, exemplification by Lincoln, 213–216. Warner, C.D., on originality in style, 27. Washington, George, as President, 205–207; prescience, 206; as political tradition, 208. Webb, J.W., power as journalist, 90. Webster, Daniel, basis of style, 53, 54; and presidential nomination in 1852, 86. Weed, Thurlow, power as journalist, 90. Wells, H.G., on Boston, 138. Wentworth, Thomas, Macaulay and Gardiner on, 149. West Virginia, railroad riots of 1877, 252. Western Reserve University, lecture by author at, 47. Wheeler, Joseph, lootings by his cavalry at Columbia, 309. Whig party, nominations in 1852, 86. Whitman, Marcus, Bourne’s essay on, 193. WilliamI of Germany, “gray emperor,” 127. WilliamII of Germany, “traveling emperor,” 127. Windom, William, and Hayes’s New York Custom-house appointments, 255. Wine, Gibbon’s love for, 135. Winthrop, R.C., on E.L. Pierce, 179. Woods, C.R., at burning of Columbia, 303, 311, 312. Woods, W.B., at burning of Columbia, 311. Woolsey, T.D., on Thucydides, 39. Yale University, lecture by author at, 47. This Index was made for me by D.M. Matteson. |
|
