For the transcription of Sanskrit words the system of the Zeitschrift der Deutschen MorgenlÄndischen Gesellschaft has been followed; for that of Persian words the system of the Grundriss der iranischen Philologie has been adopted, with some variations however, e.g. ع is indicated by ʻ. To be consistent, such familiar names as Hāfiz and Nizāmī appear as Hāfiḍ and Nidāmī; Omar Khayyām as ʻUmar Xayyām; and the word ghazal, the German Ghasele, is written γazal.