  754. Townsend's Solitaire. Myadestes townsendi. Range.--Western United States, breeding from Arizona, New Mexico and southern California north to British Columbia. Grayish white. This unique species is of a uniform brownish gray color, with a white eye ring, narrow bar on wing, and outer tail feathers, and with the bases of the primaries rusty colored. It is a ground inhabiting bird, feeding upon insects and berries in shrubbery and thickets. Their song is said to be liquid, melodious and often long continued, equaling that of any other bird. They nest on the ground in hollows under banks or crevices about roots of trees or fallen stumps, making a large, loosely constructed pile of weeds and trash, hollowed and lined with rootlets. The three or four eggs, which are laid in June, are grayish white, spotted with pale brown, chiefly or most abundantly about the large end. Size .96 × .70. 755. Wood Thrush. Hylocichla mustelina. Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from North Carolina and Kansas north to northern United States; winters south of our borders. Greenish blue. This Thrush with his brightly spotted breast is the most handsome of this group of musical birds. They are common in damp woods and thickets, in which places they breed, placing their nests of straw, leaves and grasses in low trees usually between four and ten feet from the ground; their nests are often very rustic, being ornamented by pieces of paper and twigs with dead leaves attached hanging from the sides of the quite bulky structures. During May or June they lay three or four greenish blue eggs of about the shade of a Robin's. Size 1.05 × .70. |
| Page | Wood Thrush. 756. Veery. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in the northern half of its United States range and in the southern British Provinces. The Veery is very abundantly distributed in woodland, either moist or dry, and nests on the ground or within a very few inches of it, usually placing its structures of woven bark strips and grasses, in the midst of a clump of sprouts or ferns. The three or four eggs which they lay in May or June are bluish green, much darker than those of the Wood Thrush, and nearly the color of those of the Catbird. Size .90 × .65. 756a. Willow Thrush. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola. Range.--Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia. The nests and eggs of this similar bird do not differ from those of the last. 757. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Hylocichla aliciÆ aliciÆ. Range.--Breeds from Labrador to Alaska; winters south to Central America. The nesting habits and eggs of this species are very similar to those of the following sub-species and the same description will answer for both. 757. Bicknell's Thrush. Hylocichla aliciÆ bicknelli. Wilson's Thrush. Range.--Breeds in the Catskills, White Mountains and Nova Scotia. Greenish blue. These birds, which are practically identical with the preceding, build their nests at low elevations in trees, usually evergreens when present, making them of twigs, moss and rootlets, lined with fine grasses. The eggs, which are laid during May or June, are pale greenish blue, spotted and blotched with pale brown or russet. Size .88 × .64. Data.--Seal Island, Nova Scotia, June 3, 1901. Nest of green moss and rootlets, in a spruce, 5 feet from the ground. 758. Russet-backed Thrush. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata. Range.--Pacific coast, breeding in Oregon and Alaska; winters in Central America. This species is very abundant in moist thickets throughout its range, nesting in bushes and low trees, and making them of weed stalks, bark strips, grasses and moss, lined with fine black rootlets. |
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| Page | Gray-cheeked Thrush. They are found at elevations of from two to ten feet above the ground. Like the Wood Thrush the birds are tame while sitting on the nest and will allow a very close approach, without taking alarm; nests are frequently found which are made almost entirely out of green moss and are very handsome structures. Greenish blue. Their three to five eggs are laid in May or June; they are greenish blue, spotted with brown of varying shades. Size .92 × .65. Data.--Eureka, California, July 6, 1899. Nest in a fir tree, 5 feet from the ground; made of moss and strips of redwood bark. 4 eggs. 758a. Olive-backed Thrush. Hylocichla swainsoni. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding chiefly north of the United States, but locally in the northern parts, and abundantly in mountain ranges. The nesting habits and eggs of this eastern representative of the last species are like those of that bird in all respects and the eggs cannot be distinguished from those of ustulatus. 758b. Olive-Backed Thrush. Hylocichla oedica. Range.--California and southern Oregon. Nesting habits and eggs identical with those of ustulatus. 759. Alaska Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata guttata. Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia to Alaska. Winters in Mexico. The Hermit Thrushes can readily be identified from any other by the reddish brown tail which is in marked contrast to the color of the back. The nesting habits and eggs of this species are precisely like those of the eastern Hermit Thrush, which is a sub-species of this. 759a. Audubon's Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata auduboni. Range.--Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Winters in Central America. The nesting habits of this bird are like those of the next except that it more frequently nests in bushes above the ground. The eggs are not distinctive. |
| Page | Hermit Thrush. 759b. Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata pallasi. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in northern United States and north to Labrador; winters in southern United States. Bluish green. This species, which is noted for its sweet and musical song, frequents damp swamps and thickets where it builds its nest either on the ground or near it, like that of the Wilson Thrush; it is made of shreds of bark, grasses, leaves and rootlets, lined with fine rootlets; the three or four eggs, which are deposited in May or June, are bluish green and cannot, with certainty, be distinguished from those of the Veery; size .85 × .65. 759c. Dwarf Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata nanus. Range.--Pacific coast of United States, from Washington, southward. The nesting habits and eggs of this slightly smaller and duller colored variety are like those of the other Hermit Thrushes. 760. Red-winged Thrush. Turdus musicus. Range.--An Old World species, accidentally straying to Greenland. This common European bird nests at low elevations in bushes or trees, laying four or five bluish green eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size 1.05 × .75. American Robin. 761. Robin. Planesticus migratorius migratorius. Range.--North America east of the Rockies, breeding from the middle portions of the United States, north to the Arctic Ocean. Greenish blue. These common birds nest in trees about houses, in orchards, open woods, in corners of fences, on blinds on houses, and in fact almost every conceivable position. Their nests are made of grasses, firmly cemented together with mud and lined with finer grasses; when placed in trees they are generally firmly saddled in crotches and may be found at any height, from on the ground to sixty feet above it. Their eggs are greenish blue; size 1.15 × .80. Eggs may be found at any time from May until July or August as they raise several broods a season. |
| Page | 761b. Southern Robin. Planesticus migratorius achrusterus. Range.--The Carolinas and Georgia. The eggs of this bird, which is said to be smaller and duller colored than the northern variety, show no differences in any respect. 762. San Lucas Robin. Planesticus confinis. Range.--Southern Lower California. This is a very much paler form of the American Robin; its eggs probably will not differ from those of the others.
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| Page | Wheatear. 763. Varied Thrush. Ixoreus nÆvius nÆvius. Range.--Pacific coast from northern California to Alaska; south to Mexico in winter. Greenish blue. These handsome birds breed abundantly in Alaska and locally in mountain ranges south to northern California. They nest at low elevations in trees, making them of moss, twigs, weeds and grasses, forming a flat shallow structure. Their eggs are greenish blue sharply but sparingly spotted with dark brown; size 1.12 × .80. Data.--Delta of Kowak River, Alaska, June 11, 1899. Four eggs. Nest 12 feet from the ground, against the trunk of a slender spruce and supported by a clump of stiff twigs. 763a. Northern Varied Thrush. Ixoreus nÆvius meruloides. Range.--Interior of western North America, breeding from British Columbia to Alaska. Its habits and eggs do not differ from those of the last. 764. Siberian Red-spotted Bluethroat. Cyanosylvia suecica robusta. Range.--Northern Asia; casually to Alaska. This beautiful foreigner nests on the ground and lays four to six greenish blue eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size .75 × .50. 765. Wheatear. Saxicola oenanthe oenanthe. Range.--Asia; casual in Alaska in summer; nesting habits and eggs like the next. 765a. Greenland Wheatear. Saxicola oenanthe leucorhoa. Pale greenish blue. Range.--Europe and Greenland; casual on the Atlantic coast of North America. This very abundant Old World species is a common breeding bird in Greenland and probably also in Labrador. They nest in crevices of quarries, holes in the ground, or stone walls, making a rude nest of weeds, moss or grasses, lined with hair or feathers, and during May lay from four to six pale greenish blue eggs; size .90 × .60. |
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| Page | 766. Bluebird. Sialia sialis sialis. Bluebird. Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada. Winters in the southern half of the United States. Bluish white. These familiar birds build in cavities in trees, usually below 20 feet from the ground, crevices among ledges, bird boxes and in any suitable nook they may discover about buildings, providing that English Sparrows do not molest them. They raise several broods a year, commencing in April when they lay from three to six pale bluish white eggs (rarely pure white); size .80 × .60. The cavities of their nesting sites are lined with grasses and feathers usually, although I have found the eggs on the unlined bottom of cavities in trees. 766a. Azure Bluebird. Sialia sialis fulva. Range.--This pale variety is found in southern Arizona and southward. Its nesting habits are the same and the eggs are indistinguishable from the last. [Illustration: ] 767. Western Bluebird. Sialia mexicana occidentalis. Range.--Pacific coast from Lower California to British Columbia. The Western Bluebird is as common and familiar in its range as the common Bluebird is in the east. It nests in similar locations and its eggs are scarcely distinguishable, although averaging a trifle darker in shade; size .80 × .60. 767a. Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Sialia mexicana bairdi. Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Mexico to Wyoming. The nesting habits or eggs of this brighter colored bird do not differ from those of the last species. 767b. San Pedro Bluebird. Sialia mexicana anabelÆ. Range.--San Pedro Martir Mountains in Lower California. The eggs of this variety will not in all probability be any different from those of the preceding Bluebirds. 768. Mountain Bluebird. Sialia currucoides. Range.--Rocky Mountain region, breeding from New Mexico north to Great Slave Lake; winters in southwestern United States and Mexico. This azure blue species is common in the greater part of its range and is found west to the Sierra Nevadas in California. Like the eastern Bluebird they nest in holes in trees or anywhere that they can find a suitable cavity or crevice. Their eggs are slightly larger than those of the other Bluebirds and have a slight greenish tint; size .85 × .64. |
INDEX
| Page | Acanthis hornemanni............... 328 " exilipes........ 328 linaria......................... 329 " holboeli.................. 329 " rostrata................. 329Acanthopneuste borealis........... 430Accipiter cooperi................. 205 velox........................... 204Actitis macularia................. 158Æchmophorus occidentalis.......... 11Æegialitis dubia.................. 166 hiaticula....................... 166 meloda.......................... 166 mongola......................... 167 nivosa.......................... 167 semipalmata..................... 165Aeronautes melanoleucus........... 270Æstrelata fisheri................. 67 hasitata........................ 67 scalaris........................ 67Aethia cristatella................ 25 " pygmaea.................... 25 " pusilla.................... 26Agelaius gubernator californicus.. 317 phoeniceus....................... 316 " bryanti............... 316 " caurinus.............. 316 " floridanus............ 316 " fortis................ 316 " neutralis............. 316 " sonoriensis........... 316 tricolor........................ 317Aimophila carpalis................ 353 ruficeps........................ 353 " eremoeca................ 353 " scotti................. 353 " sororia................ 353Aix sponsa........................ 95Ajaja ajaja....................... 115Alauda arvensis................... 297AlaudidÆ.......................... 297Albatross, Black-footed........... 59 Laysan.......................... 60 Short-tailed.................... 59 Sooty........................... 60 Yellow-nosed.................... 60Alca torda........................ 31AlcedinidÆ........................ 247AlcidÆ............................ 21Alle alle......................... 34AluconidÆ......................... 227Alucopratincola................... 227 | Amzillis cerviniventris chalconota 279 tzacatl......................... 278Ammodramus bairdi................. 338 savannarum australis............ 338 " bimaculatus.......... 338 " floridanus........... 340Amphispiza belli.................. 351 nevadensis cinerea.............. 352 " nevadensis........... 352 bilineata bilineata............. 351 " deserticola........... 351Anas platyrhynchos................ 88 fulvigula fulvigula............. 90 " maculosa.............. 91 rubripes........................ 90AnatidÆ........................... 87Anhinga........................... 77 anhinga......................... 77AnhingidÆ......................... 77Ani............................... 241 Grove-billed.................... 243Anous stolidus.................... 57Anser albifrons albifrons......... 108 " gambeli........... 108 fabalis......................... 108Anseres........................... 87Anthus cervinus................... 419 pratensis....................... 418 rubescens....................... 418 spraguei........................ 419Antrostomus carolinensis.......... 263 vociferus vociferus............. 263 " macromystax........... 264Aphelocoma californica californica 307Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca.. 307 " obscura.... 307 cyanea.......................... 306 cyanotis........................ 307 insularis....................... 307 sieberi arizonÆ................. 307 " couchi.................. 308 texana.......................... 307 woodhousei...................... 306Aphriza virgata................... 169AphrizidÆ......................... 169Aquila chrysÆtos.................. 215AramidÆ........................... 129Aramus vociferus.................. 129Archibuteo ferrugineus............ 215 lagopus sancti-johannis......... 214Archilochus alexandri............. 273 " colubris.............. 273 |
| Page | Arctonetta fischeri............... 102Ardea cinerea..................... 122 " herodias.................... 121 " fannini............ 121 " wardi.............. 122 " occidentalis................ 121ArdeidÆ........................... 119Arenaria interpres interpres...... 169 melanocephala................... 170 morinella....................... 169Arquatella maritima couesi........ 146 ptilocnemis..................... 147 maritima maritima............... 146Arremonops rufivirgatus........... 357Asio accipitrinus................. 229 " flammeus..................... 229 " wilsonianus.................. 227Astragalinus lawrencei............ 331 psaltria psaltria............... 331 tristis tristis................. 329 " pallidus................ 331 " salicamans.............. 331Astur atricapillus atricapillus... 205 " striatulus..... 207Asturina plagiata................. 214Asyndesmus lewisi................. 257Atthis morcomi.................... 278Auk, Great...................... 33-32 Razor-billed.................... 31Auklet, Cassin's.................. 24 Crested......................... 26 Least........................... 27 Paroquet........................ 26 Rhinoceros...................... 23 Whiskered....................... 26Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps..... 439 " lamprocephalus.. 439Avocet............................ 139BÆolophus atricristatus atricrista- tus.......................... 433 bicolor......................... 433 inornatus inornatus............. 434 " cineraceus............ 434 " griseus............... 434 wollweberi...................... 434Baldpate.......................... 92Bartramia longicauda.............. 156Basilinna leucotis................ 279 xantusi......................... 279Becard, Xantus's.................. 280Bittern........................... 119 Cory's Least.................... 120 Least........................... 120Blackbird, Bicolored.............. 317 Brewer's........................ 322 Red-winged...................... 316 Rusty........................... 322 | Tricolored...................... 317 Yellow-headed................... 315Bluebird.......................... 448 Azure........................... 448 Chestnut-backed................. 450 Mountain........................ 450 San Pedro....................... 450 Western......................... 450Bluethroat Siberian Red-spotted... 448Bobolink.......................... 314Bob-white......................... 175 Florida......................... 175 Masked.......................... 175 Texan........................... 175Bombycilla cedrorum............... 375 garrula......................... 375BombycillidÆ...................... 375Bonasa umbellus umbellus.......... 180 " sabini............ 182 " togata............ 182 " umbelloides....... 182Booby............................. 75 Blue-faced...................... 74 Blue-footed..................... 74 Brewster's...................... 75 Red-footed...................... 75Botaurus lentiginosus............. 119Brachyramphus brevirostris........ 27 craveri's....................... 28 hypoleucus...................... 27 marmoratus...................... 27Brant............................. 111 Black........................... 111Branta bernicla glaucogastra...... 111 canadensis canadensis........... 109 " hutchinsi............ 109 " minima............... 109 " occidentalis......... 109 leucopsis....................... 112Branta nigricans.................. 111Bubo virginianus virginianus...... 235 " elachistus....... 237 " pacificus........ 235 " pallescens....... 235 " saturatus........ 235 " subarticus....... 235Budytes flavus alascensis......... 418Buffle-head....................... 100Bullfinch, Cassin's............... 325Bulweria bulweri.................. 67Bunting, Beautiful................ 367 Indigo.......................... 366 Lark............................ 369 Lazuli.......................... 366 McKay's Snow.................... 333 Painted......................... 367 Pribilof Snow................... 332 |
| Page | Snow............................ 332 Varied.......................... 367Bush-Tit.......................... 437 California...................... 438 Grinda's........................ 438 Lead-colored.................... 438 Lloyd's......................... 438Buteo abbreviatus................. 211 albicaudatus sennetti........... 212 borealis borealis............... 208 " calurus..................... 208 " harlani..................... 209 " krideri..................... 208 brachyurus...................... 213 lineatus lineatus............... 209 " alleni...................... 209 " elegans..................... 211 platypterus..................... 213 swainsoni....................... 212ButeonidÆ......................... 201Butorides virescens virescens..... 124 " anthonyi............ 125 " frazari............. 125Buzzard, Turkey................... 199Calamospiza melanocorys........... 369Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus... 333 " alascensis......... 333 ornatus......................... 334 pictus.......................... 334Calidris leucophÆa................ 151Callichelidon cyaneoviridis....... 374Callothrus robustus............... Callipepla squamata squamata...... 176 " castanogastris...... 177Calothorax lucifer................ 278Calypte anna...................... 275 costÆ........................... 275Campephilus principalis........... 249 labradorius..................... 101Camptostoma imberbe............... 296Canachites canadensis canadensis.. 179 " canace............. 179 " osgoodi............ 179 franklini....................... 180Canvas-back....................... 97CaprimulgidÆ...................... 263Caracara, Audubon................. 224 Guadalupe....................... 224Cardellina rubrifrons............. 417Cardinal.......................... 363 Arizona......................... 363 Florida......................... 364 Gray-tailed..................... 364 San Lucas........... Sandhill........................ 129 Whooping........................ 127Creciscus jamaicensis............. 134 coturniculus.................... 134Creeper, Brown.................... 430 California...................... 430 Mexican......................... 430 Rocky Mountain.................. 430 Sierra.......................... 430Crex Crex......................... 135Crossbill......................... 327 Mexican......................... 327 White-winged.................... 327Crotophaga ani.................... 241 sulcirostris.................... 243Crow.............................. 312 Carrion......................... 199 Fish............................ 312 |
