Acta Apostolorum, Gr., Lat. (Laud. Codex), Oxford 1715; 321 Acta Sanctorum HiberniÆ, Louvain, 1645; 75 Adams (Geo.), successor to Moxon, 192 Advertisement of Caxton, 49, 87 Ælfredi Res GestÆ, Lond. 1574; 73, 95, 96, 98, 144, 176 Ælfric’s Paschal Homily, Lond. 1567; 73, 95: Lond. 1623; 73 Æneas Silvius, Louvain, 1483; 43 Æsop’s Fables, Milan, 1480; 57: Louvain, 1513; 59 Aldus Manutius, Specimen, 49, 169; ‘Silver type’, 106; Greek, 58; Hebrew, 62; Initials, 80; Italic, 50; Ornaments, 82; Roman, 41 Alexandrian Greek, matrices, Grover, 198, 204, 321; James, 228, 303, 321; Fry, 303, 304, 311, 321; Jackson, 321, 322 Alfieri, Works of, Kehl, 1786–1809; 286 Alphabet Irlandais, Paris, 1804; 76, 191 Alphabetarium Runic-Swed., Stockholm, 1611; 72 Alphabetum, Heb., Gr., Paris 1507; 62: Paris 1516; 63 Amerbach, Roman type of, 43 America, first letter-founders in, 350 Ames (Jos.) on Caxton’s types, 84, 242; on Caslon’s, 242; inaccuracy of, 349 Amharic, same as Ethiopic, 69, 177; Castell’s, 177; Oxford, 177; Fry, 309, 311 Amman (Jost), Book of Trades, 104 ANDERTON (GEO.) founder, 246, 350; specimen of, 350 ANDREWS (ROB.) 157, 166, 194–197; succeeds Moxon, 194; punches cut by, 74, 157, 196; summary of foundry, 195; foundry sold, 197 ——— Matrices: Anglo-Norman, 196; Arabic, 195; Blacks, 194, 196, 312; Ethiopic, 194, 193; Greek, 195, 197; Hebrew, 194, 195; Irish, 194, 196; Music, 77, 196; Roman and Italic, 195, 197; Samaritan, 70, 195; Saxon, 74, 157, 196; Secretary, 196; Signs, etc., 196; Syriac, 195, 241 ANDREWS (SYL.) son of above, 149, 195, 209; supplies Baskett, 210; foundry sold, 211; epitaph, 211 ANDREWS (SYL.) Matrices: Hebrew, 209; Roman and Italic, 209, 210 ‘ANONYMOUS FOUNDRY,’ 206 ——— Matrices: Anglo-Norman, 207; Arabic, 207; Black, 207; Ethiopic, 207; Gothic, 207; Greek, 207; Roman, 207 Anglo-Norman Matrices: Andrews, 196; ‘Anon,’, 207; James, 223, 228 Anglo-Saxon; see Saxon Anthologia, Gr., Florence 1494; 57 Antimony, discovered, 20; use of in type metal, 20, 117; prices of, 118 Antiqua, German name for Roman, 42; Italian ditto, 42 Antiques linguÆ Brit, rudimenta, Lond. 1621; 64 Applegarth (A.) type-casting machine of, 121 Apprentice-founders, regulation of, 130, 133; in France, 129 Aquinas (St. Th.) Summa, 1462; 54 Arabic, first types of, 65; printed in Black or Hebrew, 65; early in Italy, 65, 66; Paris, 65; Leyden, 65, 141, 144; Upsala, 66 ——— in England, first types, 66; printed in Italic, 66; written by hand, 66; De Worde’s, 66, 91; Bedwell’s, 66, 145; none at Oxford, 1639, 66: Flesher’s, 66 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 66, 147, 148, 155, 161; Polyglot, 66, 173, 174, 177, 198; Andrews, 195; Grover, 198, 235; ‘Anon,’ 207; James, 67, 223, 228, 303; Caslon, 67, 235, 240, 247, 254; Fry, 67, 303, 309, 311; Caslon III, 326 ——— Punches: James, 229 Arabian Trudgman, Lond. 1615; 66 Arba Turim, Pheibia, 1475; 62 Arber (E.) on early English printers, 125 Archaionomia, Lond. 1568; 95 Areopagitica of Milton, 130 Aristotle, Venice, 1495; 58 Armenian, first types, 68; at Rome, 68; Paris, 68; Amsterdam, 68; Marseilles, 68; Constantinople, 68 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 62, 148, 153, 161; Caslon, 69, 239, 240, 247, 254; Caslon III, 326 Aspinwall (T.) type-casting machine of, 122 Astle (T.) on early type ‘bills,’ 28; on Day’s Saxon, 96 Atanasia, Spanish type body, 37 Athias (Jos.) Dutch founder, 114, 215; Hebrew type of, 64, 215, 238, 264 Attempts to convert the Native Irish, Lond., n.d., 190 Augustin, a type body, 32, 37 Augustini, De Civitate Dei, Rome, 1474; 37: Basle, 1506; 37 AUSTIN (RICHD.) letter founder, 359; cuts punches for Stephenson, 353, 359; Wilson, 360; and Miller, 355, 360; starts a foundry, 360; specimen and advertisement, 360; anecdote of, 360; his successors, 360 ——— Matrices, Roman and Italic, 360 Baber (H. H.) facs. of Alexandrian Codex, 322 Badius Ascensius, French printer, 20; device, 106; Greek, 58; Hebrew, 63; Roman, 43 Bagford (Jno.) notes on printing, 84, 139, 140, 144, 146, 165; on Oxford Specimen, 154; on Oxford Printing House, 156 Bagster (S.), Polyglot Bible of, 65, 308, 311, 341; Hebrew, cut for, 65, 341; Syriac, 308, 311, 342 BAINE (JNO.) partner with Wilson, 239, 260; begins a foundry in London, 349; in Edinburgh, 349; specimens, 263, 349, 350 Barclay (R.) patent punches of, 119 Barker (Chr.) report on printers, 1582: 126 Barker (F.) printer of ‘Wicked’ Bible, 142, 143 Barnes (Jos.) Oxford printer, 140 BARTON—letter founder, 364 Base-Secretary, peculiar type, 55, 56, 289 BASKERVILLE (JNO.) 268–87; early training, 268; first types cut by, 268, 269, 275; letters to Dodsley, 270–2; Virgil, 1757, 271, 272, 273; specimens, 271, 276, 277, 287; preface to Milton, 275; tribute to Caslon, 243, 275; employed by Oxford Press, 160, 273, 274; dazzling impressions of, 275, 279; relics of, at Oxford, 160, 162, 274; privilege from Cambridge, 276, 278; type bodies, 276; punch-cutters for, 269, 277, 353; letter to H. Walpole, 278; prejudice against, 278, 279, 280, 284; folio Bible, 1763, 279; tries to sell business, 278, 281, 284; correspondence with Franklin, 280, 281; various tributes to, 263, 272, 277, 280, 284; retires from printing, 281, resumes 281; death, 281; personal notices of, 282; epitaph and burial, 282, 283; portrait, 283; his influence on English typography, 284, 299, 305, 310, 332, 333; destination of his types, 287, 286 ——— Matrices: Roman, 47, 48, 263, 270, 271, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 284; Greek, 61, 160, 273, 274; Initials, 81, 270 Bakerville (Mrs.) notice of, 282, 283; her advertisements, 283; book printed by, 238 Baskett (Jno.) printer at Oxford, 210; his ‘Vinegar’ Bible, 1717–16, 210; inventory of his types, 210; ‘silver initials’ of, 107, 211 Batarde, a class of type, 36, 53, 55 Bay (Jno.) early American founder, 350 Beaumarchais, purchases Baskerville’s foundry, 284; typographical establishment at Kehl, 285; editions of Voltaire, 285, 286 Beauties of the Poets, Lond. 1788; 306 Bebel, Hebrew type of, 63 Bede’s Works, Camb. 1644; 74 Bedell (Bp.) A B C. or Catechism, Dublin, 1631, 188; Irish Old Testament, Lond. 1685; 188 Bedwell (Wm.) buys Arabic abroad, 66, 145 BELL and STEPHENSON, letter founders, 353 Bellows’ French Dictionary, Edinburgh, 1873; 356 Bengalee matrices, Jackson, 317, 318; Wilkins, 318 Bensley (T.) printer, employs Figgins, 336 Bernard (A.) on sculpto-fusi types, 8; sand-cast type, 10, 12; ‘gettÉ en molle,’ 13; on early founts, 27 Berte (A. F.) type-casting machine of, 119, 120 Berthelet (T.) types of, 94; Boke named the Governour, 94 BESLEY (ROBT.) partner of Thorowgood, 296 BESSEMER (ANT.) letter founder, 254, 265, 358; starts at Charlton, 358; joined, by J. J. Catherwood, 358; removes to London, 359; minute types cut by, 358, 359; foundry sold, 359; specimens, 358, 359 ——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, 359 Bessemer (H.) son of above, type casting machine of, 265, 359 Bettenham (Jas.) printer, 234; assists Caslon, 234 Bewick (T.) wood-engraver, 306, 330, 331 Bible (Polyglot), Complutum, 1514–17; 59, 63, 169, 170; Antwerp, 1569–72; 51, 59, 64, 169, 170; Heidelberg, 1586; 170; Hamburg, 1596; 170; Nuremburg, 1599; 170: Paris, 1645; 66, 67, 70, 169, 170, 171; London, 1657; 47, 66, 68, 69, 70, 98, 136; account of, 168–176; London, 1817–28, &c., 65, 68, 308, 341 ——— (Hebrew) Soncino, 1488; 62; Basle, 1534: 63; Hamburg, 1587 and 1603; 63, 247; Amsterdam, 1639; 64; Amsterdam, 1667; 64, 215; Amsterdam, 1705; 64 ——— (Greek) Alexandrian Codex, Lond. 1816–21; 322 ——— (Latin) Mentz n.d., 26, 27, 53 ——— (English) Lond. 1539 (Grafton’s) 124; Edinburgh 1576 (Bassendyne) 46; Lond. 1631 (Barker) 142, 198; Lond. 1653 (Field) 47; Oxford, 1717–16 (Baskett) 210; Cambridge 1763 (Baskerville) 279; Lond. 1774–6 (Moore) 301; Bristol, 1774 (Pine) 301; Lond. 1776 (Pasham) 324; Lond. 1777 (Fry) 302; Lond. 1800 (Macklin) 323, 336 ——— (Armenian) Amsterdam, 1666; 68 ——— (Irish) Lond. 1685; 75, 190; Lond. 1690; 190 ——— (Russian) Prague, 1517–19; 71 ——— (Sclavonic) Ostrog, 1581; 71: Moscow, 1663; 71 ——— (Syriac) Lond. 1829; 68 Bible-height at Oxford, 155 Bible-printing, complaints of, 232 Bibliander, on wooden types, 4 Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome, 1591; 65, 67, 68 ‘Bill’ of early founders, 28 Bill (Jno.) Hebrew type of, 64 Binneman (H.) types of, 96 BLACK, a founder, 364 Black letter, early use of in England, 54, 97; Caxton’s, 53, 87, 88, 89, 312, 343; De Worde’s, 53, 89, 90, 91, 197, 199, 225, 239; Faques’, 93; fashions in, 54; semi-gothic, 55, 94; mixed with Roman, 45, 80 ——— Matrices:—Oxford, 148, 161; Polyglot, 173, 177; Andrews, 196, 312; Grover, 197, 199, 225; Head, 206, 241; Mitchell, 206, 241; ‘Anon.’, 207; James, 54, 214, 217, 223, 228, 303; Caslon, 54, 239, 240, 248, 254; Wilson, 264; Fry, 303, 310, 311, 334; Thorne, 295; Caslon III, 326; Figgins, 340, 343 Blades (Wm.) on early schools of typography, 9; on page by page printing, 26; Life of Caxton, 83; on early letter-founding, 102 BLAKE, GARNETT & CO., purchase Caslon IV’s foundry, 327; specimen, 328; Orientals, 328 Blind type: HaÜy’s, 78; Lucas, 79; Frere, 79; Moon, 79; Braille, 79; Carton, 79; Alston, 78, 79, 309; Fry, 78, 79, 308, 309 Block books, not typographical, 2; latest printed, 2 Block-printing, see Stereotype Bodies, see Type-bodies Bodman on wooden types, 4 Bodoni (G. B.) notice of, 251, 252; specimens, 50, 252; influence on English typography, 251, 331; Manuale Tipografico, 72, 252; Etruscan letter of, 72; Greek, 61, 252, 332; Roman, 48, 251; Russian, 72 BoËthius de Consolatione, Oxon. 1698; 151 Boke named the Governour, Lond. 1531; 94 Bolts (W.) Bengalee type cut for, 317, 318, 319 Bomberg, Hebrew type of, 62 Bourgeoise, a class of type, 32 Bourgeois, an English type-body, 33, 39 Bourgeois (J. de) Rouen printer, 103 BOWER (G. W.) Sheffield founder, 357; specimen, 357; partners of, 357; attempt to regulate type bodies, 35, 357; foundry sold, 357 Bowyer (Wm.) printer, account of, 234; Saxon type used by, 74, 157, 289; fire of his office, 157, 197, 205, 234; his aid to Caslon, 234, 236, 238, 316 Bowyer (Wm. II) his aid to Jackson, 315, 316, 323 Boydell (Jno.) founder of the Shakespeare press, 330 Boyle (R.) Irish type cut for, 189 Bradshaw (Henry) on the type of the Mentz Psalter, 11; on the first Oxford types, 138 Branston, engraver and maker of cast ornaments, 360; his stereoplates for music, 360 Breaking off, process in founding, 111, 115, 116, 117, 131 ‘Breaks’ of early types, 22 Breitkopf (J. G.) Leipzig founder, 296; German type of, 296; Map type, 296; Music, 78, 296; Russian, 71, 72, 296 BrÈves (Sav. de) Arabic cut for, 66; Syriac, 67 Breviary (Icelandic), Hoolum, 1531; 73 Brevier, a type body, 32; English, 32, 33, 39, 129; German, 38 Brilliant, an English type body, 356 British Theatre, Lond. 1791–2; 52 Brotherly Meeting of Printers, 165, 166, 171, 178, 193, 194, 197, 205 BROWN, letter-founder, 358 Browne (J.) Hebrew used by, 64 Bruce (D.) type-casting machine of, 122 Buchanan (Cl.) Syriac cut for, 342 Buck (T.) Cambridge printer, 141 Buel (Abel) early American founder, 350 Bullock’s Oratio, Camb. 1521; 141 Bulmer (W.) fine printer, 330, 331, 333; employs Birmingham cutters, 284, 331; prints for Roxburghe club, 312, 334 Burghers (M.) Oxford University engraver, 151, 210 Bus (J.) Dutch founder, 114, 215 CÆdmon’s Paraphrase of Genesis, Amsterdam, 1655; 74 Calasio ConcordantiÆ, Lond. 1747; 346 Cambridge University, early printing at, 139, 141; offer to buy the Paris Greek, 61, 141; Greek types at, 60, 141; borrow type from Oxford, 61, 141; Saxon types of, 74; privilege to Ged for stereotype, 219; to Baskerville, 276, 278; Orientals, cut by Fry for, 308 Cambro-brytannicÆ .. lingua Institutiones, Lond. 1592; 64 Canon, a type body, 32, 36; Tory’s definition of, 32 Carmen Tograi, Oxon. 1661; 66, 68 Cartlitch (Miss), married Caslon II, 248 CASLON (WM.) the First, 233–246; gunsmith’s apprentice, 233; first attempts at typography, 233–6; first foundry, 234; early patrons, 234; Palmer’s conduct to, 235, 238; early difficulties, 237; offers for Grover’s foundry, 237; reputation of, 237; first specimen, 240, 290; view of his foundry, 108, 116, 243, 288, 316; specimens, 241, 242, 280; various tributes to, 158, 241, 242, 243, 275; wager with Ged, 219, 238; rival to James, 219, 222, 238; buys half Mitchell’s foundry, 206, 221, 241; made a Justice, 243; his workmen, 243, 288, 290, 315, 316, 350, 351; family, 245, 246; retires, 244; anecdote of private life, 245; dies, 246; influence on English typography, 47, 249, 284, 301, 303, 305 ——— Matrices: Armenian, 69, 239, 240, 247, 254; Arabic, 67, 235, 240, 247, 254, 311; Black, 54, 239, 240, 241, 248, 254; Coptic, 70, 236, 237, 240, 234; Ethiopic, 69, 240, 254; Etruscan, 72, 239, 240, 247,254; Flowers, 222, 240, 241, 248; Gothic, 73, 239, 240, 248, 254; Greek, 240, 241, 247, 254; Hebrew, 65, 236, 240, 247, 254; Initials, 81; Music, 254; Roman and Italic, 47, 48, 52, 159, 197, 236, 240, 247, 254, 284; Samaritan, 70, 240, 241, 247, 254; Saxon, 74, 240, 248, 254; Syriac, 68, 240, 241, 247, 254 CASLON (WM.) the Second, son of above, enters business, 241; specimens, 246; Mores’ prejudice against, 244, 247; anecdote of, 316; dies, 248; wife and family of, 248 ——— Matrices: Black, 248; Greek, 247; Hebrew, 247; Music, 248; ‘Proscription-type,’ 248; Saxon, 74, 248; Syriac, 246 CASLON (MRS. W.) wife of above, formerly Miss Cartlitch, 248; manages for her husband, 248; succeeds to the business in 1792, 250; member of trade Association, 250; death, 251; tributes to, 251; decline in value of foundry under, 251 CASLON (WM.) the Third, son of W. Caslon II, succeeds to the business, 248; specimens, 248, 249, 250; founder to His Majesty, 249; altercation with Frys, 249, 303, 304; large sand cast type of, 250; cast ornaments, 254, 326; leaves Chiswell Street, 250; relations with Jackson, 317, 325 ——— Matrices (Chiswell Street): Script, 249 ——— Buys Jackson’s foundry, 325; uses Chiswell Street Orientals and Cast Ornaments, 325, 326; specimens, 325, 326; retirement and character, 326, 327 ——— Matrices (Salisbury Square): Arabic, 326; Armenian, 326; Black, 326; Greek, 326; Hebrew, 326; Samaritan, 326; Saxon, 326; Syriac, 326 CASLON (HENRY) the First, son of W. Caslon II, 248; joint heir to foundry, 248; wife of, 250; death, 250 CASLON (Mrs. HENRY) wife of above, formerly Miss Rowe, 200, 250; joint proprietor of foundry, 251, 252; sole proprietor, 251; regenerates foundry, 251; cuts new founts, 251; her partner, 252; marries Mr. Strong, 252; illness and death, 252; specimen, 252 ——— Matrices: Roman and Italic, 251, 252, 253 CASLON (HENRY) the Second, son of above, 250; infant proprietor of foundry, 251; sole proprietor, 253; partners of, 253, 254; additions to foundry, 253, 254, 334; state of foundry in 1825, 234; revives the Old Style, 255; death, 255 ——— Matrices: German, 254; Greek, 254; Persian, 254; Diamond Roman, 358; Sanscrit, 254 CASLON (HY. WM.) son and partner of above, 235; unites Glasgow and Caslon foundries, 253, 263; offers foundry for sale, 255; dies, the last of his name, 255 CASLON (WM.) the Fourth, son and partner of Wm. Caslon III, 326; succeeds to Salisbury Square Foundry, 327; improved types, 120, 327; ‘Sanspareil’ matrices, 327; sells foundry to Blake, 327; character, 328 Caslon (Saml.) mould-maker, brother to Wm. Caslon I. 246, 350 Caslon (Thos.) bookseller, son of Wm. Caslon I, 246 Caslon Foundry, type bodies in 1841, 34; changes in the value of, 251, 255; relics preserved at, 245 Cast Ornaments, introduced by W. Caslon III, 250, 326; Fry’s, 306; Vizitelly, Branston’s, 360, 361 Castell (E.) his Heptaglot Lexicon, 176, 177 Casting, primitive methods of, 9; early irregularity of, 18, 25; in sand, 9, 10, 12; in clay, 11, 12; Moxon’s account of, 111; improvements in, 119–22 Castle of Otranto, Parma, 1791; 251 Catechism and Articles in Irish, Dublin, 1571; 75, 187 Catechism in Irish, Lond. 1680?; 189 Catena on Job, Lond. 1637; 98, 144, 176, 198, 201, 228 CATHERWOOD (NATL.) partner of Mrs. H. Caslon, 252 CATHERWOOD (J. J.) brother to above, 253; partner of Hy. Caslon II, 253; leaves Chiswell Street, 254; notice of, by Johnson, 254; starts a foundry, 254, 358; joins A. Bessemer, 358; retires, 359 Catholicon, Mentz, 1460; 16 Caxton (Wm.) first English printer, 84; early training, 84, 85; probable methods of type founding, 85, 86, 343; type cast by, 84, 85, 102; mould of, 88; types of, 86–9; Black, 53, 87, 88; Secretary, 55, 86, 87, 88; Initials, 79; type ornaments, 82; first books of, 86; his advertisement, 49, 87; printed page by page, 26; translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, by, 312; employs a foreign printer, 91; facsimiles of his types, 343, 344 Celtis, his reference to cut types, 7 Certificate, letter founders’, form of, 135 ‘Chalcographia,’ derivation of, 15 Champfleury, Paris, 1529; 32, 183 Chapel (a founders’), account of, 112, 166, 186 Chapman, prints with Baskerville’s types, 283 Charles II and the London Polyglot, 176; on the Alexandrian Codex facsimile, 203 Chevillier (A.) on the London Polyglot, 172 Chinese type cast in plaster moulds, 15 Christian Doctrine, Dublin 1652; 75, 188 ChristianÆ Pietatis prima Institutio, Lond. 1578; 98 Chronological account of Irish writers, Dublin 1820; 190 Chrysostomi HomiliÆ, Lond. 1543; 60, 95: Opera, Oxon. 1586; 60, 140; Translations from, Oxon. 1602; 64: Opera, Eton 1610–12; 60, 140 Church (W.) Type casting machine of, 121 Cicero’s suggestion of mobile types, 3 Cicero, a type body, 32, 38 Cicero de Officiis, Mentz 1465; 38, 57; Rome 1469; 38 ——— de Oratore, Rome 1465; 40 CivilitÉ, Lettre de, a French cursive, 56; Plantin’s, 56 Clarendon Printing House, Oxford, 156 Clarke (S.) Oxford architypographus, 146 Classical ‘height-to-paper’ at Oxford, 155, 274 Claudin (A.) old Lyonnaise types of, 20; on early type markets, 103 Clayton (Robt.) patent matrices, 16, 121 Clemens Romanus ad Corinthios, Oxon. 1633; 143, 201 Codex Alexandrinus, history of, 200; attempts to facsimile, 200–5, 321 Codex BezÆ, facsimile of, Camb. 1793; 322 Collection of Hymns, Bristol 1769; 299 Colonel, a Dutch and German type body, 39 Commentary on the Pentateuch, Reggio 1475; 62 Common Prayer, Lond. 1550; 77: Cambridge 1760–2; 279 ——— (Irish) Dublin 1608; 75, 187; Lond. 1712; 190 Complutensian Polyglot, types of, 59, 63, 169 Copland (R.) printer, types of, 94 Coptic types of the Propaganda, 69; Voskens, 70; Fournier, 70 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 70, 147, 148, 153, 155, 161; Grover, ‘new-hand,’ 198, 200; Caslon, 70, 236, 237, 240, 247, 254 Cornish (J. D.) his specimen of Caslon’s types, 246 Corpus, a German type body, 39 Coster legend disposed of by Van der Linde, 2 COTTRELL (THOS.) 221, 288–92; apprentice to Caslon, 243, 288, 290, 316; starts a foundry, 288, 316; his tribute to Caslon, 244, 290; specimens, 290, 291, 292; repairs the Elstob Saxon, 158, 289; Fournier’s notice of, 290; private in the Guards, 290, 316; Nichols’ notice of, 291; his foundry, 292 ——— Matrices: Domesday, 74, 291, 292, 294, 320; Engrossing, 56, 289, 290, 291, 292, 295; Flowers, 290, 291, 292; “Proscription,” 291, 292, 317; Roman and Italic, 48, 289, 290, 291, 292; Russian, 72, 291 Court Hand, early English, 55, 289 ——— Matrices: Grover, 199, 204; James, 228, 303; Fry, 303 Cromwell (Oliver), his aid to the London Polyglot, 172, 175 Cupi, a Dutch punch cutter, 114, 215, 216 Cursiv, a German name for Italic, 51 ‘Cut matrices,’ a misnomer, 8 CyclopÆdia, E. Chambers, Lond. 1728; 38: Lond. 1738; 241: Lond. 1784–6; 250, 203 Danish type at Oxford, 73, 151 Dawks (I.) Script type of, 173 Day (Jno.) printer, account of, 95–101; a letter-founder, 96; his Star Chamber case v. Ward, 124. His types: Greek, 98; Hebrew, 64, 98; Italic, 51, 96, 97, 98, 144; Music, 77, 98; Roman, 47, 96, 97, 98, 144; Saxon, 73, 96 De Antiquitate BritannicÆ EcclesiÆ, Lond. 1572; 97 De Arte Supputandi, Lond. 1522; 92 De Divin Proportione, Venice, 1509; 183 De Emendat StructurÂ, Lond. 1524; 60, 93 De LinguÆ ArabicÆ Utilitate, Oxon, 1639; 66 De Lingu EtruriÆ, Oxon. 1735; 239 De Siglis Arabum, Lond. 1648; 66 De Vinne (Theo.) on early type moulds, 9, 17 De Visibili RomanarchiÂ, Lond. 1573; 97 De Worde. See Worde (W. de) Demetrius of Crete, Greek types of, 57, 58 Demetrius Phalereus: Glasgow, 1743; 261 Descendiaen, a Dutch type body, 38 Deva Nagari matrices: Jackson, 319; Wilkins, 318 Diamond, an English type body, 40; a Dutch body, 40, 304; matrices in Grover’s foundry, 197, 199; founts cut in by Wilson, 264; Fry, 304; Bessemer, 358, 359 Diary of Lady Willoughby, Lond. 1844; 255 Dibdin (T. F.) on Black letter fashions, 54; on Caxton’s types, 84; Bibliographical Works of, 333 Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers, Westminster, 1477; 86 Didot (A. F.) improved Script type, 56, 120, 308, 312. Didot (F.) on Polytype printing, 13, 220 Didot (F. A.) typographical points of, 35; Roman type of, 48 Didot (H.) Semi-Nonpareil cut by, 40; Diamond, 359; Patent type-casting machine, 121, 361 Dilworth’s Spelling Book, Lond. n.d. 306 Dives et Pauper, Lond. 1493; 91 Diurnale Gr. Arab. Fano, 1514; 65 Doctrinale, ‘gettÉ en molle,’ 13 Domesday matrices:—Cottrell, 74, 291, 292, 294, 320; Jackson, 74, 291, 320, 321, 340; Figgins, 339, 340, 343 Domesday Book, Lond. 1783; 74, 320, 321, 340 Domesday Book Illustrated, Lond. 1788; 321 Donlevey’s Irish Catechism, Paris, 1742; 75 Double Pica, an English type body, 33, 36 Dressing, an operation in founding, 111, 115, 116 Drury (J. I.) letter cutter to Mrs. H. Caslon, 251 Ductor in Linguas, Lond. 1617; 64, 73, 171 DUMMERS, a letter founder, 345; Samaritan type cut for Caslon, 70, 241, 345 DÜrer (A.) on the shape of letters, 32, 183 Dutch Founders, notices of, 113, 213–217; type of, in England, 46, 51, 61, 80, 114, 210, 233; in Scotland, 257, 238; cessation of trade with, 237, 249 Dutch ‘Bloomers,’ 80, 258 Duverger (E.) on early type moulds, 23 East (T.) Music type of, 77 East India Company, types cut for, 318, 319, 339 Elementa LinguÆ PersicÆ, Lond. 1649; 66 Elstob (Eliz.) Saxon works of, 74, 157; account of her, 157, 158: her Saxon Grammar, 157, 158 Elzevirs, types of: Greek, 264; Hebrew, 64; Orientals, 66, 141; Roman, 44, 263 Emerald, an English type body, 34 English, an English type body, 32, 33, 37; a name for Black Letter, 37, 53 English Two-line, an English type body, 36 English-Saxon Homily on St. Gregory’s Day, Lond. 1709; 74, 156 Engrossing matrices; Cottrell, 56, 289, 290, 291, 292, 295 EnschedÉs, Dutch letter founders, 215; leaden matrices in their foundry, 15; specimens of their old Italic, 52; Gothic, 53; Flamand, 54; CivilitÉ, 56; Initials, 80 EnschedÉ (J.) on wooden types, 6 Erasmus at Cambridge, 141 Erpenius, Oriental matrices and types of, 65, 69, 144 Essai sur l’Education des Aveugles, Paris, 1786; 78 Essay on the Original, Use and Excellency of Printing, Lond. 1752; 242 Essay towards a Real Character, Lond. 1668; 191 Essay on Melody of Speech, Lond. 1775; 323 Estienne (H.) Greek types of, 58; flowers, 82 Estienne (P.) his compliment to Norton, 140 Estienne (R.) type of, Greek (Royal), 58, 262; Hebrew, 63; Initials, 80 Ethiopic, early founts at Rome, 69, 174; Leyden, 69; Frankfort, 69; Amsterdam, 69 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 69, 151, 154, 155, 161; Polyglot, 69, 173, 174, 177, 195; Andrews, 198; ‘Anon.’, 69, 207; James, 228, 303; Caslon, 69, 240, 247, 254; Fry, 303, 309, 311 ——— Punches: James, 229 Eton, Greek printing at, 60, 140 Etruscan type at Rome, 72, Parma, 72 ——— Matrices: Caslon, 72, 239, 240, 247 Eusebii PrÆparatio, Venice, 1470; 41 Eusebius, Paris, 1544; 59 Everingham (R.) printer in Irish, 189, 190; works printed by his widow, 190 Exposicio Simboli, Oxon. ‘1468’; 137, 138 Exposition on St. John, Wesel? 1557; 45 Facsimile types, the earliest, 200, 204 Faques (W.) printer, trained at Rouen, 93, 103; types of, 93; used by De Worde, 94 Fann Street Foundry, 294, 295, 313 Farley (Abr.) Domesday type cut for, 320 Fell (Jno.) his services to Oxford Press, 146, 150; gift of matrices, &c., 148; report on Oxford printing, 149; his printing house, 150; Moxon’s compliment to, 150, 183 Fenner (W.) partner of Ged, 218, 219 FENWICK (Jos.) founder, account of, 351 ——— Matrices:—Scriptorial, 351 Fergusson’s proposal for regulating type bodies, 35, 357 Fidelis Servi Responsio, Lond. 1573; 97 FIFIELD (Alex.) founder, nominated, 130, 165; account of, 166 Fifteen O’s, Westminster, 1490; 82, 85 FIGGINS (VINCENT) the First, apprentice and foreman to Jackson, 324, 335, 338; fails to succeed to that foundry, 325, 335; Nichols’ aid to, 335, 336; his first foundry, 336, 341; facsimile Romans cut by, 336, 337; employed by Oxford Press, 338; cuts type for the Record Commission, 339, 340; for Bagster, 341; various tributes to, 340, 342, 343. ——— Matrices:—Black, 340, 343; Domesday, 339, 340, 343; German Text, 340, 342, 343; Greek, 338, 343; Hebrew, 65, 341, 342, 343; Irish, 76, 342, 343; Persian, 339, 343; Roman and Italic, 48, 336, 337, 340; Saxon, 74, 343; Syriac, 68, 342, 343; TÉlegÚ, 339, 343 FIGGINS (VINCENT) the Second, son of above, enters business, 343; his anecdote of a punch-cutter, 338; his facsimile of Caxton’s type, 87, 343; body-standards in his foundry in 1841, 34 FIGGINS (JAMES) the First, son of V. Figgins I, 343 FIGGINS (JAMES) the Second, son of above, 343 Filosofia, an Italian type body, 38 Finance (Lettre de) a Script letter, 56 Fischer (G.) on wooden types, 4 Flamand, a Dutch Black-letter, 54 Flemish school of typography, 102 Flesher (Jas.) printer, 171, 178; Arabic type of, 66; Polyglot specimen of, 171 Flesher (Miles) printer, Arabic type of, 66 Flowers, early type-, 82; H. Estienne’s, 82; Day’s, 98 ——— Matrices:—Oxford, 148; Grover, 199; James, 222, 303; Caslon, 222, 240; Cottrell, 290, 291, 292; Thorne, 293, 295; Fry, 303, 307 Forme, (Lettre de) Black-letter, 36, 53, 87, 88 FOUGT (H.) Founder of music type, 78, 350; Specimen, 350 ——— Matrices:—Music, 350 Foulis (R. and A.) Scotch printers, 261; to Glasgow University, 261; employ Wilson, 261; their Glasgow Homer, 261, 262; beautiful impressions of, 261; the poet Gray’s tribute to, 263 Foulis (Andrew), son of above Robert, 261; his patent for stereotype, 230, 261 Founts of early printers, size of, 26, 27 Fournier, (P. S.), on wooden types, 5; typographical points of, 35; notes on English founders, 242, 290; account of founding in France, 117; his types; Coptic, 70; Etruscan, 72; Irish, 75, 191; Music, 78; Roman, 48; Russian, 72 FOX (BENJ.) partner in Fann Street Foundry, 296 Fractur, a German Black-letter, 54 France, first Gothic type in, 53; Letter Founding in, 114, 116; control of founders in, 129; typographical superiority of, 124 Francesco da Bologna, cut Aldine punches, 51 Frankfort, Letter founding at, in 1568, 105, 106 Franklin (Benj.), a journeyman in London, 218, 233, 235; experiments in casting, 15; letters to Baskerville, 280, 281; starts foundry in America, 350 FrÈres de la Vie Commune, Roman type of, 41, 42 Froben (J.) his supposed acquaintance with Pynson, 91; his types; Greek, 59; Hebrew, 63; Initials, 80; Roman, 43 Froschouer (Chr.) Roman type of, 43; Froschouer (Jno.) Music type of, 76 FRY (JOSEPH) begins a foundry in Bristol, 298; imitates Baskerville’s Romans, 284, 299, 305, 310; first specimens, 299; removes to London, 299; Bibles printed by, 301, 302; his partners, 299, 300, 302; adopts Caslon models, 284, 301, 305, 310; purchases at James’ sale, 230, 302, 303; quarrel with Caslon III, 249, 304; retirement and death, 304, 305 ——— Matrices: Roman, 48, 284, 299, 300, 301, 310 FRY (EDMUND) son and partner of above, 302; philological talents, 302; specimens, 305, 306, 307, 308, 313; removes foundry to Type Street, 305; his types used by Millar Ritchie, 306; his Pantographia, 306, 307; his partners, 306, 307, 308; new Romans of, 307, 310; dislike to ornamented type, 307 310; letter founder to the King, 307; cuts Orientals for Cambridge, 308; contents of foundry, 309; retires, 310; his Address to the Public, 310; sells foundry to Thorowgood, 296, 313 FRY (EDMUND) Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, 303, 304, 309, 311; Amharic, 309, 311; Arabic, 303, 309, 311; Black, 303, 310, 311; Blind, 78, 79, 308, 309; Cast Ornaments, 306; Ethiopic, 303, 309, 311; Flowers, 303, 307; German, 309, 312; Greek, 303, 309, 311; Guzerattee, 309, 311; Hebrew, 303, 304, 309, 311; Irish, 76, 303, 306, 309, 312; Malabaric, 309, 311; Music, 78, 310; Roman, 303, 305, 306, 307, 310; Russian, 72, 309, 312; Samaritan, 70, 303, 309, 311; Saxon, 74, 309, 312; Script, 308, 312; Syriac, 68, 303, 308, 310, 311, 342 FRY (HENRY) brother and partner of above, 302; becomes a printer, 306 FRY (WINDOVER) son and partner of Edmund Fry, 308 Fust and Schoeffer, music types of, 76; Initials, 79, 80 ‘Fusus,’ use of word in colophons, 8 Fyner (C.), Hebrew type of, 62 Gaillarde, a French type-body, 39 Galenus de Temperamentis, Camb. 1521; 141 Gallicantus, Lond. 1498; 92 Gallie (Jno.) manager to Wilson, 266; partner with Dr. Marr, 266 Game and Play of the Chesse (facs.), Lond. 1855; 87, 343 Garamond (Cl.) mould of, 23; Roman cut by, 44; Greek, 58 Garmond, a foreign type body, 39 Ged (Wm.) inventor of Stereotype, 218, 219, 258; misfortunes and failure of, 219, 238; Biographical Memoirs of, 219 Gem, an English type body, 356 Gering, first Paris printer, Greek type of, 58; Roman, 43 German matrices: Caslon, 254; Thorne, 295; Thorowgood, 296; Fry, 309, 312 German-Text matrices: Figgins, 340, 342, 343 Geschreven Schrift, a German Script, 56 ‘GettÉ en molle’, signification of, 13, 14 Glasgow University; fine printing at, 261 Glosa, a class of type, 32 Glosilla, a Spanish type body, 32, 39 Goes (H.) York printer, used De Worde’s types, 89 Golden Legend, Westminster, n. d.; 88 Goldsmith and Parnell, Lond. 1795; 331 GORING (THOS.) letter-founder, 193; nominated 133, 193; notice of, 166 Gothic letter, origin of, 53; Petrarch’s aversion to, 53; Prevost’s eulogy of, 53 Gothic language; types of at Amsterdam, 73 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 73, 150, 151, 155, 161; ‘Anon.’, 207; James, 73, 225, 228; Caslon, 73, 239, 240, 248, 254 Gough (Jno.) his anecdotes of Jackson, 321, 323; of Ilive, 348 Gourmont (G. de) Greek type of, 58; Hebrew, 62, 63 Graff (Baltus de), partner of Cottrell, 288 Grafton (Rd.) Bible printed by, 124; Music type of, 77; Dibdin’s tribute to, 101 Grammar of the Bengal Language, Hoogly, 1778; 318 Grammar of the Sanskrita Language, Lond. 1808; 319 Granjon (N.) French, letter-cutter, Greek types of, 59; Music, 77; “CivilitÉ”, 56 Gray’s Poems, Glasgow, 1768; 263: Parma, 1793; 251 Great Charter, Oxford, 1759: 159 Great Primer, an English type body, 33, 37, 86 Greek: earliest, Schoeffer’s, 57; early founts, Italy, 57, 58; France, 58, 59, 60, 61; Netherlands, 59, 61; Spain, 59; Germany, 60; Switzerland, 59; Lascaris “litterÆ majusculÆ,” 57; French “Characteres Regii,” 59, 60, 61, 141, 262 ——— In England: De Worde’s, 60, 91; Siberch’s, 60, 141; Pynson’s, 60, 93; Day’s, 98; Wolfe’s, 60, 95; Mierdman’s, 60; Oxford, 60, 140, 141; Eton, 60, 140, 145; Royal founts, 60, 142, 144, 167, 201, 202; borrowed by Cambridge from Oxford, 60, 141; Dutch founts in England, 61; Cambridge offers for Paris Greek, 61, 141; large number of ligatures, 61; minute sizes, 61, 62, 254; fashions in, 61, 274; Porson’s improvement in, 62, 342 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 61, 148, 160, 161, 273, 274; Polyglot, 173, 174; Andrews, 61, 195, 197; Grover, 61, 198, 200; Head, 206; Mitchell, 206, 241; “Anon.”, 207: James, 195, 197, 213, 214, 217, 221, 223, 228, 303; Caslon, 240, 241, 247, 254; Wilson, 61, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265; Baskerville, 61, 160, 273, 274; Thorowgood, 296; Fry, 303, 307, 309, 311; Jackson, 61, 311, 317, 321, 322; Caslon III, 326; Martin, 61, 332; Figgins, 338, 343; Ilive, 347 ——— Punches: James, 229 Greek, Alexandrian; see Alexandrian Greek Grierson (G.) Irish printer, his patent, 260; establishes letter-founding, 261 Grierson (Boulter), son of above, his petition, 260 GRISMAND (JOHN) Star Chamber founder, 130, 165; notices of, 165, 166 Gromors, Arabic types of, 65 Gros BÂtarde, a French Secretary type, 55; Colard Mansion’s, 55, 86, 87 Gros Romain, a French type body, 37 GROVER (JAS.) letter-founder, 166, 197 GROVER (THOS.) son of above, letter-founder, 157, 166, 197–205; Royal founts in his foundry, 197, 203; Caslon offers for foundry, 205, 237; disposal of it, 205 ——— Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, 198–205; Arabic, 198; Blacks, 197, 109, 225; Cursives, 199; Greek, 198; Hebrew, 198; Music, 77, 199; Roman and Italic, 197, 198, 199; Samaritan, 70, 198; Saxon, 199; Scriptorials, 199; Signs, 199; Syriac, 198, 241 Gutenberg’s types, migrations of, 28 Guzerattee matrices: Fry, 309, 311 Hahn (Ul.) Roman type of, 41; his Cicero, 38; his St. Augustine, 37 Halhed (N. B.) his Bengal Grammar, 318; his account of C. Wilkins, 318 Hanbey (Mr.) son-in-law of Caslon I, 246 Hancock (C.) buys Hughes’ Music matrices, 363 Handy (J.) a punch-cutter employed by Baskerville, 269, 353 Hansard (T. C.) on type fashions, 48; notices of founders from his Typographia, 251, 253, 254, 258, 264, 296, 309, 310, 312, 326, 328, 332, 336, 342, 343, 352, 355, 361, 364 Hare (Bp.) transactions with Caslon, 238 Harris (Messrs.) use Baskerville’s types, 286 Hautin, Music type of, 77 HaÜy, Blind type of, 78 Hawkins (Sir J.) his anecdote of Caslon, 245 Hazard, Bath printer, notice of, 307 HEAD (GODFREY) letter founder, 133, 166, 205 ——— Matrices: Black, 206; Greek, 206 HEAPHY, letter founder, 364 Hebrew type, first use of, 62; early founts in Italy, 62; France, 62, 63; Spain, 63; Germany, 63; Netherlands, 63, 64, 65 ——— in England: De Worde’s, 64, 91; Day’s, 64, 98; at Oxford, 64; London, 64 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 64, 147, 148, 154, 160, 161; Polyglot, 64, 171, 173, 174, 177, 194; Andrews, 195; Grover, 198; James, 64, 65, 223, 227, 303; Caslon, 65, 236, 238, 240, 246, 247, 254; Wilson, 264, 265; Fry, 303, 304, 309, 311; Jackson, 317; Caslon III, 326; Figgins, 65, 341, 342, 343; Thorowgood, 296; Jalleson, 346 Hebrew Dictionary, Louvain, 1520? 63 Hebrew Grammar, Paris, 1508; 63; Leipsic, 1520, 63; Paris, 1520; 63: Louvain, 1528; 63 Height-to-paper of sand-cast types, 10; of old Lyons types, 21; of old Cologne types, 25; varieties of at Oxford, 155 Heilman, Gros BÂtarde type of, 55 Henfrey (J.) type-casting machine of, 121 Herbert (W.) his account of Caxton’s types, 84; on early use of Roman and Italic, 91, 97 Herodotus, Oxford, 1590; 60, 140 Hibernian type, see Irish Hickes’ Thesaurus, Oxon. 1703–5; 72, 73, 74, 150, 156 ——— Saxon Grammar, Oxon. 1711; 74 History of England (Hume’s) Lond. 1806; 323, 336 Hogarth and Baskerville’s types, 47 Homeri Opera, Florence, 1488; 58: Glasgow, 1756–58; 62, 261, 262: Parma, 1808; 251: Lond. 1831; 62, 254 ——— Batrachomyomachia, Venice, 1486; 58: Paris, 1507; 58 Hooght (Van der) Hebrew types of, 64 HorÆ (Greek), Louvain, 1516; 59 Horatii Opera, Sedan, 1627; 46: Glasgow, 1744; 261: Birmingham, 1762; 277 Horman (W.) his indenture with Pynson, 92 Hostingue, a Rouen printer, 103 HUGHES (HUGH) partner with Thorne, 294, 363; starts a foundry, 363; specimen, 363; his music type, 363 ——— Matrices: music, 78, 363 Hunte (Thos.) early Oxford printer, 137, 138 Hutter, curious Hebrew type of, 63, 247; his Polyglot Bible, 170 Iberno-Celtic Society’s Transactions, Dublin, 1820; 190 Iceland, early printing in, 73 Icelandic matrices at Oxford, 73, 151, 155 ILIVE (JACOB) letter founder, 346–9; his eccentricities, 347, 348; forged Book of Jasher, 348; heads schism in Stationers’ Company, 348; his foundry bought by James, 221, 347 ——— Matrices: Greek, 221, 347; Roman, 347 IMISSON, letter founder, 352 Imprimerie Royale, Paris, establishment of, 58; Greek type of, 58, 59, 60, 61; Roman, 44, 48 Initials of Mentz Psalter, 79; early cutters of, 79, 80; Caxton’s, 79; Day’s, 98; ‘Two-line letters,’ 80; Pictorial, 80; Dutch, 80; Bible, 80; Armorial, 80; pierced, 81; Oxford copperplate, 80, 159; fashions in, 81; Baskett’s ‘Silver initials,’ 107, 211 Introductio ad Lectionem Ling. Oriental. London, 1655; 172 Ireland, letter foundry in, 260, 265; printing patent for, 260; Scotch and English type supplied to, 260, 265. Vernacular printing in, 75, 76, 186, 187, 188 Irish type in Dublin, 75, 186, 187; Antwerp, 75; Louvain, 75, 188, 191; Rome, 75, 191; Paris, 75, 76, 191; revival of Irish printing, 76, 191 ——— Matrices: Moxon, 75, 76, 155, 186, 189, 190, 194, 306; Andrews, 194, 196; James, 229, 303; Fry, 229, 303, 306, 309, 312; Figgins, 342, 343 ——— Punches: James, 229 Iron, an ingredient in type metal, 21, 112 Irregular type bodies, origin of, 33 Isla (Lord) patron of Wilson, 258 Italic, first cut by Aldus, 50; early foreign founts, 51; Van Dijk’s, 52; various uses for, 52 ——— In England, fashions in, 52; De Worde’s, 52, 91; Day, 52, 96, 97, 98, 144, 176; Vautrollier, 51, 98; James, 214, 217; Caslon, 52; Baskerville, 275 ——— See also s.v. Roman and Italic Italy, first Roman type in, 40; first Gothic type in, 53 JACKSON (JOS.) apprentice to Caslon I, 243, 288, 315; first punch cut by, 315; dismissed, 243, 288, 316; partner with Cottrell, 288, 291, 316; goes to sea, 289, 316; starts a foundry, 291, 316; first specimens, 316, 317; Bowyer’s aid to 317, 323; removes to Salisbury Square, 317; makes a hollow square, 317; his foundry, 317; employed by Nichols, 320, 321; Bensley, 323; Oxford Press, 338; fire of foundry, 324; elegy on, 324; death and tributes to, 324, 325; portraits of, 288, 316, 325 ——— Matrices: Alexandrian Greek, 321; Bengalee, 317; Black, 317; Codex-BezÆ Greek, 322; Deva Nagari, 319; Domesday, 74, 320, 321, 340; Greek, 61, 311, 317, 323; Hebrew, 317; Music symbols, 323; Persian, 317; ‘Proscription’ letter, 317; Roman, 48, 317, 323; Script, 56, 317 JALLESON, letter founder, 346; his system of type bodies, 346; Hebrew type, 346 JAMES (THOS.) letter founder, 157, 212–220; his family, 212; apprentice to R. Andrews, 196, 212; his letters from Holland, 113, 213–17; his foundry, 217; buys Greek of Grover, 195, 197; rivalry with Caslon, 218, 220; transactions with Ged, 218, 219; second visit to Holland, 219; decline of his business, 220; buys Andrews’ foundry, 197, 211, 220; death, 220; advertisement by his widow, 220 JAMES (THOS.) Matrices: Black, 214, 217; Greek, 213, 214, 217: Roman and Italic, 46, 213, 214, 217 JAMES (JNO.) son and successor of above, 220; buys half Mitchell’s foundry, 206, 221; Ilive’s, 221, 347; Grover’s, 205, 221; his projected specimen, 222, 224; dies, 222; last of the Old English Founders, 221, 230 ——— Matrices and Punches: Anglo-Norman, 228; Arabic, 67, 228, 229, 303; Black, 91, 228. 303; Court Hand, 228, 303; Ethiopic, 228, 229, 303; Flowers, 229, 303; Gothic, 73, 228; Greek, 220, 228, 229, 303; Hebrew, 65, 220, 227, 303; Irish, 229, 303; Runic, 72, 228; Samaritan, 70, 227, 229, 303; Saxon, 220, 228; 229; Scriptorial, 228, 303; Secretary, 228; Syriac, 228, 229, 241 James (Dr. T.) first Bodleian Librarian, 212 James (Elianor) aunt of Thos. James the founder, 212 James (George) son of above, City Printer, 212 James (Jno.) architect, brother of Thos. James the founder, 212; partner with Ged, 218 James’ Foundry acquired by Mores, 222; arranged for sale, 223; catalogue and specimen, 226–30, 303; matrices lost,223, 227, 228; punches lost, 229; obsolete founts, 224, 225; leaden matrices, 16, 228; moulds, &c., 229, 230; sale of, 230, 302 Jannon, Sedan printer, Roman type of, 46, Greek, 61 Jansson, Hebrew type of, 64, 65 Jasher, Book of, Lond. 1751; 348 Jason, Westminster (1477), 86 Jenson, Greek type of, 58; Roman, 41 Jerome’s suggestion of mobile types, 3 Joly, a Dutch type body, 40 Journeyman founders, regulation of, 131, 133 Jungfer, a German type body, 39 Junius (Fr.) his gift to Oxford, 150, 151; Dr. Nicholson’s note on, 151; portrait of, 151 Junius (Pat.) see Young (Pat.) Jurisson, see Imisson Justifying of matrices, 10, 111, 186; a secret operation, 117 Justinian, Mentz, 1468; 49 Kehl, typographical establishment at, 285, 286; Voltaire’s Works, printed at, 285, 286; Works by Alfieri at, 286 Kerning, a process in founding, 22, 111 ‘King’s House,’ Roman types, 197, 199, 203 Kipling (T.) his facsimile of Codex BezÆ, 322 Kirkpatrick (W.) Sanscrit type cut for, 319 KNOWLES (G.) a partner of Ed. Fry, 307 Koran, Venice, 1518; 65 Laborde (Leon) on wooden types, 5 Lackington (Jas.) bookseller, 325 Lactantius, Subiaco, 1465; 40, 57 La LÈpre morale, Cologne, 1476; 24 Lambinet (P.) on early polytype printing, 12 Lascaris Anthologia (in Greek Capitals), Florence, 1494; 57: Greek Grammar, Milan, 1476; 57 Last Judgment, Irish poem on, Dublin, 1571; 187 Laud (Archbp.) his services to Oxford press, 142–5, 166; letter to, from King Charles I, 143 Le BÉ (G.) cuts punches for Plantin, 107; his Arabic, 64; Hebrew, 59; Music, 77 LEE (JOS.) letter founder, 166, 193 Lee (Dr. S.) Orientals cut for by Dr. Fry, 308 L’Estrange (R.) Surveyor of Imprimery, 132 Le Tailleur, Rouen printer for Pynson, 92 Letter-cutting by eye, not by rule, 184 Letter Founders, one named in 1597, 128, 164; regulations of, in 1622, 129, 164; in 1637, 130; in 1662, 132; in 1674, 133; in 1693, 134; called to account, 133, 134, 193, 205; petition and ‘Cause of Complaint’ of one, in 1637, 167; To His Majesty, 178, 249, 296, 307, 329, 356; limited number of, 118, 134; Association of, 118, 250, 352, 353, 358 Letter Founding of the first printers, 9, 12, 14, 18; early secrecy of, 28; spread of, 28 ——— In France: State control of, 129; Thiboust’s account of, 114; views of in EncyclopÆdia, 116; Fournier’s account of, 117 ——— In Germany: at Frankfort, in 1568, 105 ——— In Netherlands: Plantin’s Foundry, 106; James’ account of Dutch founders, 113, 213–7 ——— In England: came after printing, 84; earliest record of, 93; early practice of, 103; curious cut in the Bagford MSS., 105; divorce from printing, 164; practised by Day, 96; early unlicensed, 128; the London Polyglot a land-mark of, 175; Moxon’s account of, 1683, 107–13, 183–6; at Oxford, in 1695, 113; custom of lending casters and matrices, 113, 216; division of trades in, 114, 184; trade jealousies in, 114, 118; Universal Magazine, 1750, account in, 108, 116; secret operations in, 117, 288, 315, 338; rules of Thorne’s Foundry, 1806, 117, 294; conservatism of, 118; competition in, 118; State-control of, 123–136; liberty of, 134; final emancipation of, 135 Lettres Tourneures, initials, 79 Lettres de Forme, 36, 53, 87, 88 Lettres de Somme, 53, 54 Lettou and Machlinia, types of, 89 Leusden, simplified Greek types of, 61 Lever-mould, introduced, 120 Lexicon Heptaglotton, Lond. 1669; 176 Liber de laudibus MariÆ, Cologne? 1478? 24 Life of Jewell, Lond. 1573; 64, 98 Ligatures in old founts, 10, 27, 41, 50, 224 Liguarum XII AIphabeta, Paris, 1538; 67 Linde (A. Van der) on the essence of typography, 2; on ‘gettÉ en molle,’ 13 LiterÆ Florentes, initials, 79 Littleton Tenures (Pynson’s), Lond. 1527; 93; (Redman’s), Lond. n. d., 94 LIVERMORE (MARTIN) partner to Henry Caslon II, 254; retires from Chiswell Street, 255 Logique d’Okam, 1488, contractions in, 51 London Printer’s Lamentation, 1660: 127, 130, 165 Long Primer, an English type-body, 32, 33, 38 Long ?, disappearance of, 52 Louvain, Irish type at, 75, 188, 191 LÜbeck, leaden matrices at, 16 Lucas (M.) printer of the ‘Wicked’ Bible, 142, 143 Luce (L.) Roman type of, 40, 48 Lucerna Fidelium, Rome, 1676; 75 Luckombe (P.) his History of Printing, Lond. 1770; 246, 291, 301 Ludolf, Ethiopic type used by, 69 Ludolph’s Grammatica Russica, Oxon. 1696; 71 LYNCH, letter founder, 358 Lyndewode Constitutiones, Oxon. n.d.; 139 Lyons, early printing at, 20; fifteenth century types at, 20; nicks used at, 120 Lyons (Israel) Hebrew type cut for, 247 McCuirtin’s Irish Dictionary, Paris, 1732; 75 McCreery (J.) prints with Martin’s types, 333, his poem on The Press, 277, 333 Machine for type casting, first, 122, 265 Machlinia and Lettou, types of, 89 McPHAIL, letter founder, 351 Madden (J. P. A.) on 15th Century type, 24; on the Wiedenbach typographers, 41 Malabaric matrices:—Fry, 309, 311 Mansion (Colard) Caxton’s master, 84, 85, 86, 87, Gros BÂtarde type of, 55, 86, 87 Marcel (J. J.) his Oratio Dominica, 72, 76; his Alphabet Irlandais, 76, 191; Russian type of, 72; Irish, 76 Marprelate Tracts, types of, 127 MARR (DR. J.) acquires part of Glasgow Foundry, 266 Martens (Th.) Greek type of, 59; Hebrew, 63 Martin (Robert) agent and manager for Baskerville, 281, 330; works printed by, 281 MARTIN (WM.) brother to above, 330; cuts punches in London, 330; starts foundry, 330; employed by Shakespeare Press, 331–3; tributes to, 331, 332, 333; supplies McCreery, 333; foundry sold to Caslon, 254, 334; Orientals of, 332 ——— Matrices:—Greek, 332; Roman and Italic, 332, 333 Mascall (W.) proposal to register founders, 134 Mathematical signs in type, 98, 148, 191, 196, 199, 217, 342 Matrices, early forms of, 14; of lead, 14, 15, 16, 228; of clay, 15; of wood, 16, 121; justification of, 16; struck inverted, 204; without sides, 208; of steel, 312; ‘Sanspareil,’ 327 MATTHEWSON, letter founder in Edinburgh, 358 Maynyal, Paris printer for Caxton, 91 Mediaan, a Dutch type body, 38 Meerman on sculpto-fusi types, 7 Mentelin, Roman type of, 42 Mentz, Sack of, 28; school of typography of, 9 Meres (Jno.) son-in-law of T. Grover, 205 Metals used in type alloy, 19, 106, 112, 121; softness of, in early types, 26; Moxon’s directions for mixing, 112 Meurs (Dr. Van) on ‘gettÉ en molle,’ 13 Mierdman, Greek types of, 60 Miller (Peter) American printer, anecdote of, 17 MILLER (WM.) manager for Wilson, 264, 355; starts foundry, 355; his early founts, 355; employed by the Times, 356; specimens, 355, 356; partner and successors of, 356 ——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, 355, 356 MILNE & Co., founders, 266 Milton (Jno.) Areopagitica, 130; Works, Birmingham, 1758; 275; Lond. 1794–7; 331; Paradise Lost, Lond. 1796; 337, 338 Minion, an English type body, 33, 39, 210; a foreign body, 39 Minsheu’s Ductor in Linguas, Lond. 1617; 64, 73, 171 Missal, a German type body, 36 Missal, printed at Lyons, 1485; 76 MITCHELL (ROBT.) founder, 206; partition of his foundry, 206, 221, 241 ——— Matrices; Black, 206, 241; Greek, 206, 241; Music, 78, 206, 241; Roman and Italic, 206; Signs, 206 Mitchelson, first American founder, 350 Mittel, a German type body, 37 Model types for clay or sand moulds, 11; as punches for lead or clay matrices, 15, 16 Moderne, Italian name for Black letter, 43 Molloy’s Lucerna Fidelium, Rome, 1676; 75: Irish Grammar, Rome, 1677; 75 Monasticon, Lond. 1655; 74 MOORE (ISAAC) manager and partner of Fry and Pine, 299; specimens of, 299; inventions of, 300; retires, 302 Moreau, Script type of, 56 Mores (Ed. Rowe) account of, 222; possessor of James’ foundry, 222, 223; his Dissertation, 222, 223; account of early printers by, 84, 90, 92, 94; of Miss Elstob, 157; his correspondence as to her Saxon matrices, 158, 159; his account of James’ foundry, 223; strictures on Oxford specimen, 160; allusion to Coster, 225; prejudice against Caslon II; 244, 247; against Baskerville, 274, 280; notice of Fry’s specimen, 300; as a compositor, 347 Morton (Dr.) Domesday type cut for, 291, 320 Moses Choronensis, Lond. 1736; 69, 239 Motteroz (M.) ideal Roman letter of, 48 Mould, see Type-mould MOXON (JOS.) letter founder, 180–192; specimen, 181; a printer, 182; his offices, 181, 182; his RegulÆ Trium Ordinum, 182; his Mechanick Exercises, 107–112, 183–186; his standards of type bodies, 33, 34; employed by Boyle, 189 ——— Matrices: Irish, 75, 76, 186–191; Roman and Italic, 47, 181 MusÆus, Hero and Leander, Lond. 1797; 332 Music; De Worde’s, 76,91; early printing abroad, 76, 77; improvements in, 78; Grafton’s, 77; Day’s, 77, 98; Vautrollier’s, 77; East’s, 77; ‘new-tyed note’, 77; at Aberdeen, 77 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 77, 148, 161; Walpergen, 77, 148, 153, 208; Andrews, 77, 196; Grover, 77, 199; Mitchell, 78, 206, 241; Caslon, 77, 241, 248; Fry, 78, 310, 312; Fougt, 78, 350; Branston’s (stereo), 360; Hughes, 78, 363; Jackson’s symbols, 323 Myllar (A.) Scotch printer, types of, 103 Negus (S.) list of printers by, 346 Neilson’s Irish Grammar, Dublin, 1808; 76, 191 New Testament (Greek), Basle, 1516; 59: Sedan, 1628; 61: Cambridge, 1632; 60, 141: Oxford, 1763; 61, 160, 273, 274: Lond. 1786 (Codex Alex.); 321 ——— (Latin), Lond. 1574; 46, 51 ——— (Arabic), Lond. 1727; 67, 235 ——— (Coptic), Oxon. 1716; 70, 237 ——— (Ethiopic), Rome, 1548; 69: Lond. 1826 (Gospels); 69 ——— (Irish), Dublin, 1602; 75, 187; Lond. 1681; 75, 189 ——— (Russian), St. Petersburg, 1819–23; 72 ——— (Saxon), Lond. 1571 (Gospels), 95 ——— (Sclavonic), Ugrovallachia, 1512 (Gospels), 71: Moscow, 1564 (Acts and Epistles), 71 ——— (Syriac), Paris, 1539; 67: Vienna, 1555; 67: Cothon, 1621; 67: Hamburg, 1663; 67: Lond. 1816; 68, 342 ——— (Tamulic), Tranquebar, 1714–19; 234 NICHOLLS (ARTHUR) letter founder, nominated, 130, 165; petition to Archbishop Laud, 166, 167; ‘Cause of Complaint,’ 167 NICHOLLS (NICHOLAS) son of above, letter founder, 166, 177; his father’s account of, 168; his petition to the king, 178; his specimen, 178, 181; letter founder to the king, 178 NICHOLS, an Oxford letter founder, 148, 178 Nichols (Jno.) his Anecdotes of Bowyer, 233; Domesday, facsimile of, 320, 321; assists Figgins, 335, 336 Nicholson (W.) patent for type casting, 119, 327 Nicks, origin of, 120; early substitutes for, 22 Nicol (Geo.) founder of the Shakespeare Press, 330; employs W. Martin, 330 Nicol (W.) son of above, succeeds to the Shakespeare Press, 330 Nomenclator Syriacus, Rome, 1622; 67 Nonpareil, an English type body, 32, 33, 39, 129; a foreign body, 39 Norfolk (Duke of) employs Jackson, 317 Norton (J.) printer of the Eton Chrysostom, 60, 140; distinctions conferred on, 140 Nutt (Richd.) successor to Grover’s foundry, 203 O’Brien’s Irish Dictionary, Paris, 1768; 75 Ogilby (Jno.) Roman letter of, 47 O’Hussey’s Irish Catechism, Antwerp, 1611; 75: Rome; 1707, 75 O’Kearney’s Irish Catechism, Dublin; 1571; 75, 187 Oporinus, Greek type of, 59 Opusculum Musices, Bologna, 1487; 76 Oratio Dominica, Lond. 1700; 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 154, 177, 190: Lond. 1713; 69, 155, 177, 190: Amsterdam, 1715; 69, 71, 73, 74, 154, 236: Paris, 1805; 72, 76: Parma; 1806, 72 Oratio in pace nuperrimÂ, Lond. 1518; 44, 92 Oratio trium linguarum, Lond. 1524; 51, 64, 66, 91 Oriental Collections, Lond. 1797–1800; 339 Ornamental type, introduced, 307, 310 Ornaments, see Type ornaments Orthographia Practica, Saragossa, 1548; 32, 183 Orwin, Arabic type of, 64 Ottley (W. Y.) on early clay moulds, 11 Ouseley (Sir W.) Persian type cut for, 339 Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Lond. 1819; 312 Oxford University Press, first printing at 137–9; types of the early press, 55, 137, 138; Scolar’s press, 139; revival of printing, 140; early Greek founts, 60, 61, 140, 141, 145; lends Greek type to Cambridge, 141; Laud’s services to, 142–5, 166; charter in 1632, 142; early Oriental types, 64, 66, 144: Archi-typographus appointed, 146; Fell’s services to, 146–150; loyalty of, 146; large purchases in 1672, 149; Junius’ gift to, 150, 151; fine printing at, 159 ——— Foundry established, 153; state of, in 1665, 113; matrices lost at, 151; removed to Sheldonian Theatre, 153; first specimen, 153; types used in the Oratio Dominica, 1700, 154; heights to paper in, 155; removed to Clarendon Building, 156; gift of Elstob Saxon to, 158, 159; Greek cut for, by Baskerville, 160, 273, 274; specimens, 160, 162; types cut for, by Caslon, 160, 161, 246; by Figgins, 338; inventory of, in 1794, 161, 162; relics at, 150, 159, 160, 162, 274 ——— Matrices: Amharic, 177; Arabic, 66, 147, 148, 155, 161; Armenian, 69, 148, 153, 161; Coptic, 70, 147, 148, 149, 153, 155, 161; Danish, 73, 151; Ethiopic, 69, 151, 154, 155, 161, 177; Gothic, 73, 151, 155, 161; Greek, 148, 160, 161, 273, 274, 338; Hebrew, 64, 147, 148, 154, 161; Icelandic, 73, 151, 155; Initials, 80; Music, 77, 148, 153, 154, 161, 209; Roman and Italic, 150, 152, 179; Runic, 72, 151, 155, 161; Russian, 71; Samaritan, 70, 148, 154, 161; Saxon, 74, 151, 161; Sclavonic, 71, 148, 153, 155, 161; Swedish, 73, 151; Syriac, 68, 147, 148, 155, 161 Pacioli (L.) on the shape of letters, 183 Palmer (S.) his note on De Worde, 90; his printing-house, 217; History of Printing, 90, 235, 236; projected account of letter-founding, 114; discreditable conduct to Caslon, 235, 238 Pantographia, Lond. 1799; 72, 76, 306, 307, 308 Paradigmata de IV Linguis, Paris, 1596; 67 Paragon, an English Type body, 33, 36, 86, 343; a foreign body, 36 Parker (Archp. M.) patron of Day, 95; Saxon cut for, 95; Roman and Italic for, 96, 97, 98 Patents relating to letter-founding, 119–122 Pater (Paulus) on wooden types, 4 Paterson, the auctioneer, notice of, 230, 311 Pauli de Middleburgo Epistola, Louvain, 1488; 63 Pearl an English type body, 33, 40 Peek (Jno.) type-casting machine of, 120 Pentateuch (Polyglot) Constantinople, 1546; 170 ——— (Coptic) Lond. 1731; 70, 237 ——— (Irish) Lond. 1819 (Gen. and Exod.), 312 Perforated wooden types, 4, 5; sand-cast types, 10; mould-cast types, 22, 25 Perle, a French type body, 40 Persian Matrices: Caslon, 254; Jackson, 317; Figgins, 339, 343 Persian Moonshee, Lond. 1801; 339 Petit, a French and German type body, 39 Petit Romain, a French type body, 38 Petrucci, music type of, 77 Phalaridis EpistolÆ, Oxon. 1485; 137, 138 Philosophie, a French type body, 32, 38 Pica, an English type body, 32, 33, 38 Picas or Pies, of the early Church, 38, 87 Pickering (W.) minute Greek used by, 62, 254; book printed for, in Baskerville’s types, 286 PINE (WM.) Bristol printer and founder; partner with Fry, 298; his inventions, 300; Bible printed by, 301; retires from founding, 302 Plantin (Chr.) his foundry, 106; supposed silver type of, 106; Types: Greek, 59; Hebrew, 64; Italic, 51; Lettre de CivilitÉ, 56; Roman, 43; Syriac, 67 Plinii Secundi EpistolÆ, Lond. 1790; 306 Ploos van Amstel, Dutch founders, 215 Polychronicon, Westminster, 1495; 76, 91 Polyglot Bibles, account of, 169 ——— the London, see Bible (Polyglot) Lond. 1657 POLYGLOT FOUNDRY Matrices: Arabic, 66, 173, 177; Black, 173, 177; Ethiopic, 69, 173, 174, 177; Greek, 173, 174; Hebrew, 64, 173, 177; Roman and Italic, 173, 176; Samaritan, 70, 173, 174, 177; Syriac, 68, 173, 174, 177, 241 Polytype, supposed early system of, 12; later attempts at, 122, 220 Porson’s improvement in Greek letter, 62, 342 Postel’s Arabic Grammar, Paris 1539–40, 65; Syriac type used by, 67 POUCHEE (L. J.) Letter Founder, starts a foundry, 361; agent for Didot’s ‘polymatype,’ 121, 361; specimen, 362; abandons business, 362; dispersion of his foundry, 362 Practical Sermons (Irish) Lond. 1711; 190 Press, The, a Poem; Liverpool, 1803; 277, 333 Primer, an English type body, 32, 34; derivation of, 37 Primers of the Early Church, 37, 38 Printing, invention of, 1; degeneration of, in England, 44, 136, 232, 269; comprehensiveness of the early trade of, 123; statutes relating to, 124–136; rise of fine printing, 269, 272 Printers, their own founders, 88, 102, 103, 123, 125; number of, in London, 126, 130, 132, 133, 134 Prodromus Coptus, Rome, 1636; 67, 69, 236 Propaganda Press, specimens, 66, 67, 69, 70; Types of:—Arabic, 66; Coptic, 69; Ethiopic, 69; Irish, 75, 191; Samaritan, 70; Sclavonic, 71; Syriac, 67 ‘Proscription’ letter, Matrices:—Caslon, 248; Cottrell, 291, 292, 317; Thorne, 292, 293; Jackson, 317 Prosodia Rationalis, Lond. 1779; 323 Psalmanazar (G.) anecdotes of Palmer by, 114, 238 Psalms (Polyglot) Paris, 1513; 82: Genoa, 1516; 63, 65, 170: Cologne, 1518; 69, 170 ——— (Hebrew) TÜbingen, 1512, (Septem poenit.), 63 ——— (Heb. Lat.) Lond. 1736; 238, 239 ——— (Greek) Milan, 1481; 58: Venice, 1486, 58: Lond. 1812 (Cod. Alex.) 322 ——— (Latin) Mentz, 1457; 11, 13, 53: Mentz, 1490; 76 Psalms (Arabic) Rome, 1614; 66: Lond. 1725; 67, 235 ——— (Armenian) Rome, 1565; 68 ——— (Ethiopic) Rome, 1513; 69: Frankfort, 1701; 69 ——— (Saxon) Lond. 1640; 73 ——— (Sclavonic) Cracow, 1491; 71 ——— (Syriac-Lat.) Paris, 1625; 67 Pump for type-casting machine, 119 Punches, probable earliest, 14; of copper, 15, 16; of wood, 14, 15, 16; small value put on, 113, 209, 225, 229; defects of French, 116; Barclay’s patent, 119 Punch-cutting, account of, 108, 185; a distinct trade in Holland, 114; independent artists in England, 117, 338, 358, 360; secrecy of 117, 243, 288, 315, 338 Pynson (R.) servant to Caxton, 91; correspondence with Rouen printers, 91, 92, 103; types of, 91, 92, 93; his Roman, the first in England, 37, 44, 92; his indenture with Horman, 37, 92; Greek types cast by, 93; apology for, 93 QuatremÈre, Coptic type used by, 70 Quintilian’s suggestion of mobile types, 3 ‘Quousque tandem,’ formula for type specimens, 49, 52 Rabbinical Hebrew, Matrices:—Andrews, 194, 195; James, 65, 227, 303; Fry, 303 Raphelengius, Arabic type of, 66, 145 Ratdolt, initials of, 79 Rasselas, Banbury, 1804; 119 Rastell (W.) types of, 94 Rastell’s Grete Abridgement, Lond. 1534; 94 Readings on Jonah, Lond. 1579; 64, 98 Record Commission, types cut for, 339, 340 ——— Reports, Lond. 1800–19; 339: Edinburgh, 1811–16; 340 ‘Real Character,’ Moxon’s, cut for Wilkins, 191, 196, 310 Recuyell of the Histories of Troye, Bruges, 1474; 86 Redman (R.) Pynson’s quarrel with, 93; types of, 94 REED (CHARLES) partner in the Fann Street Foundry, 296 Registration of founders, 133, 135 RegulÆ Trium Ordinum, Lond. 1676; 182, 185 Reliques of Irish Poetry, Dublin, 1789; 191 RICHARD (MR.) partner of Mr. Miller, 356 RICHARD (J. M.) son of above, 356; ‘Brilliant’ type of, 356; ‘Gem’ type of 356 RICHARD (W. M.) brother of above, 356 RICHARDS (T.) a letter founder, 351 Richardson (Rev. J.) Irish works of, 190 Richardson (W.) Engrossing type cut for, 289, 290 Ripoli Press, metals used in the foundry of, 19; matrices bought by, 28 Ritchie (Millar), fine printer, 306 Robijn, a Dutch type body, 40, 52 Roccha (Ang.) on early perforated types, 4; his Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, 65, 67, 68 Rolij (or Rolu), Dutch letter cutter, 114, 215, 216 Roman letter, origin of, 40; early founts in Italy, 40, 41; Germany, 42; France, 43, 44; Netherlands, 43, 44, 47; Switzerland, 44 Roman letter, in England: introduction of, 44, 91; Pynson’s, 44; 92; De Worde’s, 91; Redman’s, 94; Day’s, 47, 96, 97, 98, 144; Vautrollier’s, 46, 98; degeneration of, 44, 232; called ‘White letter,’ 91; mixed with Black, 45, 97; followed Dutch models, 46; first Bible in, 46; in Scotland, 46; Roycroft’s, 47, 173, 176; Ogilby’s, 47; Field’s, 47; Moxon’s rules for, 47, 182, 184, 185; Caslon’s influence on, 47, 249, 284, 301, 303, 305; narrow faces, 46; Baskerville’s influence on, 47, 284, 299, 305, 332, 333; French influence on, 48; Bodoni’s influence on, 48, 331; revolutions in, 48, 251, 253, 301, 328, 332, 340; French obligations to, 48; heavy faced, 48; revival of the Old Face, 49; Rusher’s improved, 119; Motteroz ideal, 48 ——— and Italic matrices: Oxford, 148, 152; Polyglot, 173, 176; Moxon, 181; Andrews, 195; Grover, 198, 199; Mitchell, 206; ‘Anon,’ 207; James, 213, 214, 217, 223; Caslon, 47, 159, 235, 240, 247, 251, 252, 253; Wilson, 48, 260, 263, 264, 265; Baskerville, 47, 48, 263, 270, 271, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 284; Cottrell, 48, 289, 290, 291, 292; Fry, 48, 299, 300, 301, 303, 305, 306, 310; Jackson, 48, 317, 323; Figgins, 48, 336, 337, 340; Thorne, 291, 293, 295; Thorowgood, 295; Martin, 332, 333; Ilive, 347; Stephenson (S. and C.), 353; Miller, 355, 356 Rood (Theo.) Oxford printer, 137, 138 Rosart, music type of, 78 Rouen, an early type market, 91, 93, 103 Rowe (Sir T.) family of, 200 Rowe (Eliz.) married H. Caslon, 200, 250 Roxburghe Club, works printed for, 312, 334 Royal Typography in England, proposal for a, 263 Roycroft (Thos.) printer of the London Polyglot, 171, 172; distinction conferred on, 176; printing house of, 217; fire of his office, 177; epitaph, 176; types used by, 47, 64, 66, 173–177 Rubbing, a process in founding, 111, 116, 117 Ruby, an English type body, 34 Runic, early foreign founts of, 72 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 72, 150, 151, 155, 161; James, 72, 225, 228 Running Secretary, a French Cursiv, 56 Rusher (Ph.) his improved types, 119; his Rasselas, 119 Russian type, chief foreign founts, 71, 72; none in England in 1778; 72 ——— Matrices: Cottrell, 72, 291; Fry, 72, 309, 312; Thorowgood, 72, 296 St. Alban’s, printing at, 89, 139 St. Augustin, a French type body, 32, 37 Sallust, Edinburgh, 1739; 219 Samaritan type, chief founts abroad, 70, 174 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 70, 148, 154, 161; Polyglot, 70, 173, 174, 177, 198; Andrews, 70, 195; Grover, 70, 198; James, 70, 223, 225, 227, 303; Caslon, 70, 240, 241, 247, 254; Caslon III, 326; Fry, 70, 303, 309, 311; Dummers, 70, 241, 345 ——— Punches: James, 229 Sand moulds, early use of, 16 Sanscrit matrices: Caslon, 254; Jackson, 319; Wilkins, 318, 319 ‘Sanspareil’ matrices invented, 327 Savile (Sir H.) his Eton Chrysostom, 60, 140 Saxon, early types of, in England, 73, 74; in Amsterdam, 74 ——— Matrices: Day, 73, 95, 96; Oxford, 74, 150, 151, 158, 161; Andrews (for Elstob), 74, 156, 157, 158, 196, 289; Grover, 199; James, 223, 228; Caslon, 74, 240, 248; Caslon III, 326; Wilson, 74, 264; Fry, 74, 309, 312; Figgins, 74, 343 ——— Punches: James, 229 Schoeffer (P.) advertisement of, 28, 49; his Lettre de Somme, 54; Greek, 57; Initials, 79 Schoepflin on sculpto-fusi types, 7 Schola Syriaca, Utrecht, 1672; 70, 174 Scholar’s Instructor, Camb. 1735; 247 Sclavonic, various founts abroad, 71 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 71, 148, 153, 155, 161 ——— modern: see Russian Scolar (J.) early Oxford printer, 139 Scoloker, Ipswich printer, device of, 106 Scotland, first types in, 103; early use of Dutch types in, 46, 257, 258; condition of printing in, before 1720, 257; no foundry in 1725, 218, 257, 258 Script type, origin of, 56, 204; Dutch, 56; French and German, 56; Moreau’s, 56; Didot’s, 56, 120, 308, 312; Dawks’, 173 ——— Matrices: Caslon, 249; Cottrell, 56, 290, 292; Fry, 308, 312; Jackson, 56, 317; Thorne, 293, 294, 295 Scriptorial matrices: Grover, 199, 204; James, 228, 303; Fry, 303; Fenwick, 351 ‘Sculpto-fusi’ types, theory of, 7, 8 ‘Sculptus,’ use of the word in colophons, 7 Secretary type, early, at Paris, 55; Rouen, 55, 92; Caxton’s, 55, 86, 87, 88; Berthelet’s, 94, 95; variations of, 55; disappearance, 55, 94, 95 Secretary matrices: Andrews, 196; Grover, 199; James, 228 Sedan, small Roman type at, 40, 46; small Greek, 61, 254 Sedan, a French type body, 35 Seldeni Opera Omnia, Lond. 1726; 236 Semi-Nonpareil, a French type body, 40 Set-Court, see Court Hand Setting-up, an operation in founding, 111, 114, 116, 117 Shakespeare, Lond. 1792–1802; 330, 331 Shakespeare Press, established, 331; works issued by, 331–3 Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford, 153 Shewell (Mr.) son-in-law of Caslon I, 246 Siberch (Jno.) first Cambridge printer, 141; Greek types of, 60, 141 Signs cut by Moxon, 191 Silver, alleged use of for type metal, 40, 106, 140 SIMMONS, a letter founder, 364 SINCLAIR (DUNCAN) manager for Wilson, 266; starts a foundry in Edinburgh, 266 SINCLAIR (JNO.) son of above; manager for Wilson, 265; joins his father, 266 Skeen (W.) on wooden types, 6; on sculpto-fusi types, 8; on ‘gettÉ en molle,’ 14 SKINNER, a letter founder, 345 Small Pica, an English type-body, 33, 38 Smart (W.) purchased Baskerville remainders, 281 Smith (Jno.) his tribute to Caslon, 243; body-standards given by, 34 Smith, (Dr. T.) his tribute to Laud, 145; note by, on the Alexandrian Codex, 201, 203 Smith (T. W.) manager to H. W. Caslon, 255 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, notice of, 234; their press at Tranquebar, 234; their Arabic Psalms and Testament, 235 Somme, Lettre de, 54 Soncino, Hebrew type at, 62 Sophologium (Wiedenbach? 1465?) 42 Sower (Chr.) early American founder, 350 Spaces, early contrivances for, 21 Specimens, see Type-specimens Specklin on wooden types, 4 Speculum, not printed with wood type, 4, 5, 6; nor with sculpto-fusi types, 6; possible sand-cast types of, 10; curious ‘turn’ in 10; possible clay-cast types of, 11; quantity of types and contractions in, 27 Star Chamber; case of Day v. Ward, 124; decrees affecting printers and founders, 126, 130, 167; abolished, 131 Starr (E.) Type-casting machine of, 122 Statham’s Abridgments, Rouen, n.d., 92 Stationers, early brotherhood of, 124 Stationers’ Company, incorporation of, 124; powers against printers, 127, 128, 129; minutes relating to founders, 128, 129, 133, 134, 164, 165, 193; schism in, 348 Statutes affecting printers and founders, 124, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 STEELE (ISAAC) partner of Edmund Fry, 306, 307 STEPHENSON (S. and C.) London founders, 353; first foundry, 353; specimens, 353, 354; punch-cutter for, 353, 359; foundry sold, 354 ——— Matrices:—Roman and Italic, 353; Ornaments, 353 STEPHENSON (HENRY) Sheffield founder, 329 Stereotype, early suggestion of, 13; first attempts at, 218; history of Ged’s invention, 218; re-invention by Tilloch, 220, 261; perfected by Wilson and Lord Stanhope, 220; Didot’s method of, 220 Strong (Mr.) married Mrs. H. Caslon, 252 Strype’s note on Day, 98; on early types, 97 Subiaco, Roman type at, 40; Greek, 57 Swedish Matrices:—Oxford, 73, 151 SWINNEY (MYLES) Birmingham founder, 269, 352; specimen of, 352, 353; poetical tribute to, 353 Swynheim and Pannartz, Roman types of, 40, 41; Greek, 57 SYMPSON (BENJ.) the first recorded English letter-founder, 128, 164 Syriac, chief founts abroad, 67; printed in Hebrew, 67; Usher’s attempt to procure types of, 67, 68 ——— Matrices: Oxford, 68, 147, 148, 155, 160, 161; Polyglot, 68, 173, 174, 177, 198, 241; Andrews, 195, 241; Grover, 198, 241; James, 228, 241; Caslon, 160, 240, 241, 246, 247, 254; Fry, 68, 303, 308, 309, 311, 342; Caslon III, 326; Figgins 68, 342, 343; Watts, 68 ——— Punches:—James, 229 TÉlegÚ matrices: Figgins, 339, 343 Tertia, a German type body, 37 Teste, a size of type, 32 Testo, a Spanish type body, 32, 37 Thiboust (C. L.) his account of French founding, 114, 115; his TypographiÆ Excellentia, 115 Thomas (Isaiah) his Printing in America, 17; note on the first American founders, 350 Thomson (Jas.) his patent for type-casting, 12, 122 Thomson’s Seasons, Parma, 1794: 251: Lond. 1799: 336 THORNE (ROBT.) apprentice and successor to Cottrell, 292; removes to Barbican, 292; and to Fann Street, 294; regulations of his foundry, 117, 294; specimens, 292, 293, 294; new fashions of Roman, 293; sale of his foundry, 295 ——— Matrices: Blacks, 295; Engrossing, 295; Flowers, 293, 295; German, 295; Ornamented, 295; ‘Proscription,’ 292, 294; Roman and Italic, 292, 293, 295; Script, 293, 294, 295; Shaded, 293, 295 THOROWGOOD (WM.) purchases Thorne’s foundry, 295; specimens, 295, 296; purchases Dr. Fry’s foundry, 296, 313; successors, 296; standards of type bodies in 1841, 34 ——— Matrices: German, 296; Greek, 296; Hebrew, 296; Roman and Italic, 295; Russian, 72, 296 Tilloch’s patent for stereotype, 220, 261 Timmins (S.) Baskerville relics of, 268, 269, 271, 279 Tonson (J.) buys type in Holland, 216, 217, 233 Tory (Geof.) on shapes of types, 32, 53, 183; his Champfleury, 32, 183; Greek type of, 58; Initials, 80; Roman, 44 Tractatus contra JudÆos, Esslingen, 1475 62 Trafalgar, an English type body, 34 Tranquebar, Scriptures printed at, 1714–19; 234 Treatise of Love, Westminster, 1491?; 89 Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle, Lond. 1827; 286 Trithemius on the Invention of Printing, 7 Turner’s Herbal, Lond. 1551; 60 Turner, a dishonest Oxford printer, 145 Two-line letters, early mention of, 32; use of, 80, 129 Twyn’s Tryal and Condemnation, Lond. 1664; 132 Types, early; first suggestion of mobile, 3; wooden, 3; perforated, 4; Wetter’s specimen of, 5; Laborde’s specimen, 5; ‘sculpto-fusi,’ 7; sand-cast, 10; clay-cast, 11; irregularities in, 18; 15th century types at Lyons, 20–23; and at Cologne, 24–26; ligatures and contractions, 22, 27; quantities of, in founts, 26, 27; one size only in a book, 126; markets for, 20, 28, 90, 103; trade in, 103, 123; early control over, 126 Type-bodies, origin of, 31, 32; names of early, 32–40; irregular, 33; standards of 33, 34; attempts to regulate, 35, 357; names of foreign, 35 Type-casting, Moxon’s account of, 111; machine for, origin of, 122; patents for, 119–22; early machines, 265, 356 Type-ornaments, first at Subiaco, 82; Aldus’, 82; Caxton’s, 82; H. Estienne’s, 82; used in combination, 82 Type patented, Rusher’s, 119; Caslon III, 120, 327 Type-mould, invention of, 9; of sand, 10; clay, 11, plaster, 15; earliest adjustable, 14; in four pieces, 17, 120; peculiarities of early, 23, 105; Garamond’s, 23; Dutch, of brass, 113, 216; ‘drags’ in 26; Moxon’s description of, 108, 186; abandonment of hand, 119; lever introduced, 120, 186 Type-specimens, English, 49, 50; Dibdin on, 49; Bodoni’s, 50, 251 Type Street Foundry established, 305 ‘Typi tornatissimi,’ initials, 79 Typographical Antiquities, Lond. 1749; 52, 242 TypographiÆ Excellentia, Carmen, Paris, 1718; 115 Typography, essence of, 2; and xylography, 2; two early schools of, 9; a mathematical science, 184 Union-Pearl matrices: Grover, 199, 204; James, 228, 303; Fry, 303 Universal Magazine, 1750: account of letter-founding in, 108, 116, 243, 288, 316 Unterweissung der Messung, Nuremburg, 1525; 32, 183 Usher’s attempt to procure Oriental types, 67, 69, 141 Van Dijk (Chr.) Dutch letter cutter, 114, 215; Moxon’s praise of, 182, 184; Roman letter of, 40, 44, 47, 182, 184; Italic, 52; Black, 47 Vatican Press, Oriental types of, 65, 67, 69 Vautrollier (Th.) Roman type of, 46, 98; Italic, 51; Music, 77 Virgil, Paris, 1648; 56: Lond. (Ogilby’s) 47: Florence, 1741; 204: Birmingham, 1757; 272, 273 VitrÉ, French printer, Arabic types of, 66; Samaritan, 70; Syriac, 67 Vizitelly, Branston and Co.’s cast ornaments, 360 Vocabularia, St. Petersburg, 1786–9; 72 Vocabulary (Arabic), Granada, 1505; 65 Vocabulary, Persian, Arabic and English, Lond. 1785; 319 Voltaire, Œuvres de, Kehl, 1784–9; 286 Voskens (Dirk) Dutch founder, 114, 215, 216, 290 ——— Matrices of: Coptic, 70; Runic, 72; Russian, 71; Samaritan, 70; Saxon, 74; Sclavonic, 71 Wages in Caslon’s foundry, dispute concerning in, 1757; 243: in Thorne’s foundry, 1806; 118 Waldegrave (R.) a disorderly printer, 127 WALPERGEN (P.) Oxford founder, 149, 207; book printed by, at Batavia, 207; his Music type, 77, 148, 153, 162, 208, 209; inventory of his chattels, 209; small value of his punches, 209 Walpole (Horace) Baskerville’s letter to, 278 Walsingham, Historia Brevis, Lond. 1574; 95, 96 Walton (Brian) editor of the London Polyglot, 170; his Proposals and Specimen, 170; his Introductio ad lectionem, 172; timeservice of, 175; rewards to, 176; note by, on the Alexandrian Codex facsimile, 201 Wanley (Humphrey) designs Saxon letter for Miss Elstob, 157 Ward (Roger) a disorderly printer, 125, 127 Watson (Jas.) Scotch printer, 257; his History of Printing, 257; Specimen, 46, 49, 258; his Dutch Initials, 80, 258 WATTS (RICHARD) Cambridge University printer, 362; printer and founder in London, 362; Oriental types of, 363; specimen by his successors, 363 ——— Matrices: Syriac, 68 Watts (Jno.) printer, assists Caslon, 233, 234; Franklin his apprentice, 233, 235 Wechels, Frankfort printers, Greek types of, 58, 60, 140; Hebrew, 63 Wertheimer (Jno.) Hebrew type cut for, 264 Weston, see Wetstein Westfalia (Jno. de) Roman type of, 43 Wetstein, Dutch founders, 346, 349; Greek types of, 61 Wetter’s unhistorical wooden types, 5 White (Elihu) type-casting machine of, 120 White (Thos.) printer, uses Baskerville’s types, 286 ‘White letter,’ a name for Roman, 91 Whittaker (Jno.) Caxtonian restorations by, 344 Whittingham (C.) printer, revives the Old Style Roman, 255 Whitintoni Grammatices, Lond. 1519; 60, 91: De heteroclytis nominibus, Lond. 1523; 91: Lucubrationes, Lond. 1527; 91 Wiedenbach, typographical school at, 41, 42; Roman type at, 42 Wilkins (Dr. C.) Librarian to East India Company, 318; typographical achievements of, 318, 319; Bengal type cut by, 319; Deva Nagari cut by, 319, 320; fire at his office, 319; Sanscrit cut for, 254 Wilkins (Dr. D.) notice of, 236; Coptic works of, 236 Wilkins (Dr. Jno.) Philosophical or Real character of, 191, 196, 310 WILSON (ALEX.) the First; begins as a doctor’s assistant in London, 258; patronised by Lord Isla, 258; starts a foundry, 259; his partner Baine, 259, 260; attempts new method of founding, 259; earliest founts of, 260; settles at St. Andrew’s, 260; Irish and foreign business, 260, 264; removes to Camlachie, 260; casts types for the Foulis, 261; the Glasgow Homer Greek type, 262; retires, 262; tributes to, 262, 263; specimens, 263; foundry removed to Glasgow, 263 ——— Matrices: Black, 264; Greek, 61, 261, 262, 264, 265; Hebrew, 261, 265; Roman and Italic, 48, 260, 263, 264, 265; Saxon, 74, 264 WILSON (ANDREW) son of above; assists and succeeds his father, 264; state of the foundry in 1825; 264 ——— Matrices: Greek, 264; Roman, 264, 355 WILSON (ALEX.) the Second, son of above, joins his father, 264; succeeds to the foundry, 264; establishes branches at Edinburgh, 264, London, 265, and Two Waters, 265; type casting machine of, 122, 265; fails in business, 265; sells foundry, 265; joins Mr. Caslon, 255, 265 WILSON (PATRICK) brother and partner of above, 264 Wilson Foundry, type standards in 1841; 34: division and dispersion of, 255, 265 Woide (Dr.) his facsimile of the Alexandrian Codex, 311, 321 Wolfe (Jno.) disorderly City printer, 125 Wolfe (Rey.) types of, 95; Greek of, 60 Wolsey (Cardinal) his influence on printing, 139 Women, employment of, in foundries, 117 WOOD AND SHARWOODS, founders, successors to Austin, 360; Cast Ornaments of, 360 Wooden types, the legend of, 3–6; Specimens of at Oxford, 6; used in England, 129 Worde (Wynkyn de) account of, 89–91; used Caxton’s types, 87, 89; and Faques’, 94; bought type abroad, 103; employed a Paris printer, 91; his own letter founder, 89, 90, 103; types of: Arabic, 66, 91; Black, 53, 89, 90, 91, 197, 199, 225, 239; Greek, 60, 91; Hebrew, 64, 91; Italic, 51, 91; Music, 76, 91; Roman, 91 WRIGHT (THOS.) Star Chamber Founder, 165, 166; nominated, 130, 165 Wyer (R.) types of, 94 Xenophon’s Anabasis, Glasgow, 1783; 220 Xylography, a distinct art from Typography, 6; extinction of, 2 Ycair on the shapes of letters, 32, 53; his Orthographia Practica, 32, 53, 183 York, early printing at, 89, 139 Young (Patrick) Royal Librarian, 143, 167; his Catena on Job, 98, 144, 176, 198, 201, 228; his facsimile from the Alexandrian Codex, 201, 321 Zainer (Gunther) Roman type of, 42 Zell (Ulric) his narrative of the invention of printing, 1
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