GLOSSARY.

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A

Acuminate
applied to the apex of a leaf having a gradually diminishing point, 49.
Acute
applied to the apex of a leaf distinctly and sharply pointed but not drawn out, 53.
Adventitious roots
roots which do not arise from the radicle or its subdivisions, but from parts other than these, 7.
Aleurone layer
a special peripheral layer in the grain of grasses, consisting of cells filled with proteid granules, 18.
Amplexicaul
applied to the base of the leaf when it embraces the stem, 12.
Apiculate
said of the apex when it has a sharp, short point.
Appressed
lying flat for the whole length of the part or organ, 59.
Articulate
jointed, 45.
Auricle
outgrowth at the sides close to the ligular region, 11.
Awned
having an awn, that is, a bristle-like appendage, especially on the glumes of grasses.

B

Bifarious
disposed in two rows or ranks on the two sides, 49.
Binate
in pairs, 53.
Blade
the expanded portion of a leaf, 2, 10.
Bristles
stiff hairs, 45.
Bulbous based
having an inflated base, 66.
Bulliform cells
thin walled cells occurring, at intervals, on the epidermis of some grasses, 35.
Bundle sheath
sclerenchymatous cells or fibres found round the vascular bundles of the monocotyledonous type, such as those of grasses, 20.

C

Callus
the projecting part or an extension of the flowering glume below its point of insertion, 168.
Caryopsis
a one-celled, one-seeded, superior fruit in which the pericarp has fused with the seed-coat.
Chartaceous
papery, i.e., thin and somewhat rough, 47.
Ciliate
fringed with hairs, 54.
Ciliolate
very sparsely fringed with hairs, 70.
Clavate
club-shaped, 104.
Clavellate
thickened towards the apex, 252.
Coleorhiza
the sheath of a monocotyledonous embryo which is pierced by the radicle during germination, 18.
Collar
the white or colourless band at the base of the blade of a grass leaf just where it joins the sheath, 3.
Conduplicate
folded together lengthwise, 12.
Convolute
rolled round from one margin to the other, so that one margin is inside and the other outside, 12.
Coriaceous
leathery, 49.
Corymbosely
arranged in corymbs, i.e., flat-topped flower clusters, 56.
Crinite
bearded with weak, long hairs, 137.
Crisped
curled, 59.
Cuneate
wedge-shaped or triangular, 49.
Cuspidate
tipped with a small triangular piece at the apex, 70.

D

Decumbent
reclining but with the upper part ascending, 80.
Digitate
lingered, arranged at the end of the stalk, 51.
Dioecious
having the sexes separated on two distinct individuals, 45.
Distichous
two-ranked or two-rowed, 19.

E

Embryo
young plant contained in the seed, 18.
Endodermis
the innermost layer of the cortex abutting on and forming a sheathing layer round the stele, 32.
Exodermis
the layer or layers of thickened cells beneath the piliferous layer of roots, 32.
Extra vaginal
applied to shoots or branches that come out piercing the leaf sheath in grasses, 9.

F

Fascicle
a cluster or bundle, 95.
Filiform
thread shaped, slender and thin, 54.
Flexuous
bent alternately in opposite directions, 62.
Foveolate
marked with small pits, 180.

G

Geniculately
bent abruptly so as to resemble a knee-joint, 118.
Geminate
in pairs, 59.
Germ-sheath
a sheath enclosing the bud or the plumule in a grain, 18.
Gibbous
convex or rounded, 77.
Glabrescent
slightly hairy but becoming glabrous, 89.
Glabrous
quite smooth without hairs, 89.
Glaucous
covered with a bloom, 160.
Glume
the chaffy two-ranked members found in the inflorescence of grasses.

H

Hirsute
covered with fairly long distinct hairs, 90.
Hyaline
colourless or translucent, 51.

I

Imbricate
overlapping, 49.
Internode
portion of a stem between two nodes, 2.
Intravaginal
growing out from inside the sheath.
Involucel
a ring of bracts surrounding several spikelets, 120.

K

Keeled
having a ridge along the length, 59.

L

Lemma
the flowering glume of a grass, 15.
Ligule
the thin, scarious projection found at the top of the leaf sheath where it joins the blade in grasses, 3.
Lodicule
a small scale outside the stamens in the flower of grasses.

M

Membranous
thin and semi-transparent, 51.
Monoecious
stamens and pistils on separate flowers, but on the same individual, 144.
Motor cells
large thin-walled cells occurring in the epidermis of the leaves of some grasses, 35.
Mucronate
possessing a short and a straight point, 70.

N

Node
the part of the stem which has a leaf, or the knot in the grass stem, 2.

P

Palea
the inner glume in the spikelet of grasses, 4.
Pectinate
pinnatifid with narrow segments which are set close like the teeth of a comb, 162.
Pericycle
the outermost zone of cells of the stele immediately within the endodermis, 32.
PhloËm
the portion of the vascular bundle towards the cortex, 19.
Pileole
another name for germ-sheath, or the sheath covering the plumule in the grain, 18.
Piliferous
bearing hairs, 31.
Pistil
the female organ of a flower, consisting of the ovary, style and stigma, 16.
Plumose
feathered, 51.
Prophyllum
the first scale-like leaf of a branch found where it joins the main stem, 10.
Protandry (proterandry).
anthers ripening before the pistil in the same flower, 16.
Protogyny (proterogyny).
pistil ripening before the anthers in the same flower, 16.
Puberulous
slightly hairy, 62.
Pubescent
clothed with soft hair, 62.
Punctate
marked with dots, pits or glands, 63.
Pungent
ending in a rigid and sharp point, 59.

R

Raceme
a centrifugal or indeterminate inflorescence with stalked flowers, 13.
Rachilla
a secondary axis in the inflorescence of the grasses, the axis of the spikelet, 13.
Rachis
axis of an inflorescence, 13.
Retuse
with a shallow notch at the apex, 67.
Rhizome
root-stock or under ground stem prostrate on the ground, 5.
Rugulose
somewhat wrinkled, 90.

S

Scaberulous
slightly rough due to the presence of short hairs, 69.
Scabrid
somewhat rough, 75.
Scale
a reduced leaf, 10.
Sclerenchyma
elongated cells with pointed ends and much thickened cell-wall.
Scutellum
the single cotyledon found in connexion with the embryo in grass grains, 18.
Secund
directed to one side only, 47.
Serrate
beset with small teeth on the margin, 83.
Setose
beset with bristles, 102.
Sheath
the tubular lower part of a leaf in grasses, 2.
Spathaceous
having a large bract enclosing a flower cluster, 104.
Spiciform
spike-like, 13.
Spike
an inflorescence with sessile flowers on an elongated axis, the older flowers being lower down and the younger towards the top, 13.
Squarrose
rough with outstanding processes, 120.
Stipe
a short stalk of a gynÆcium, 90.
Stipitate
having a short stalk, 62.
Stolon
any basal branch which is disposed to root, 5.
Striolate
marked with very fine longitudinal parallel lines, 49.
Sub-coriaceous
somewhat leathery, 47.
Subulate
finely pointed, 121.

T

Triquetrous
three-sided or edged, 47.
Truncate
as if cut off at the end, 60.
Tumid
swollen, 66.
Turbinate
cone-shaped or top shaped, 120.

X

Xylem
the wood elements of the vascular bundle lying next to the phloËm, 19.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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