Accoqueck, 19.
Acorn Lodge, I. O. O. F., 221.
Acquisition of Territory—Walker’s exploration, 281;
the Great Northwest, 312;
the Louisiana purchase, 313;
the Florida purchase, 314;
acquisition of Texas, 314;
the territory from Mexico, 314.
Adams, Capt. Andrew B., 221.
Adams, John, 230, 294.
Adams, John Quincy, 311.
Adams, Rev. Geo. F., 211.
Adams, Samuel, patriot, 307.
A great revival of religion, 93.
Aldridge, Miss Virginia, 224.
Aler, George, 141.
Alexander, Capt. Robert H., 184.
Alexander, Gen. E. P., 91, 266.
Alexander, Philip, 134
Alexander, Robert B., editor. 227.
Allen, John, town trustee, 42.
Allen, Wm., 140, 142.
Allison, John W., Jr., 167.
Alsop, Boswell, 168.
Ames, Michael, hostage prisoner, 77, 79.
Amoroleck, Smith’s prisoner, 15, 17.
Anasheroans, Indian tribe, 19.
Anderson. Capt. John K., 184.
Anstice, Mrs. Judith, teacher, 197.
Argall, Capt., 20.
Armistead, Henry, court clerk, 130.
Arts and manufactures encouraged, 46.
Assembly’s Home and School, 198.
Association for the P. V. A., 324.
Atkinson, John, 237.
Bacon, Nathaniel, 281, 283.
Baggett, Samuel I., 262.
Baggett, Wm. M., 141.
Bagnall, Anthony, historian, 13, 15.
Bailey, William, 221.
Ball, Col. Wm. B., 83.
Ball, John M., publisher, 229.
Ball, John Wesley, 174.
Bankhead, Col. John, 257.
Barber, Rev. H. H., 207.
Barbour, Gov. James, 132.
Barksdale, Gen. Wm., 81, 88, 97, 99.
Barlosius. Charles F., 167.
Barney, Dr. J. N., 326.
Barney, Mrs. Joseph Nicholas, 326.
Barton, Thomas B., hostage prisoner, 74, 77.
Barton, Judge Wm. S., 68, 183, 215.
Battle of Fredericksburg, 91, 92.
Beale, Wm. C., 138, 139, 140.
Beckwith, Frank, 174.
Benson, Wm., 171.
Benwick, J. B., Jr., architect, 141, 210.
Bernard, Wm., 46.
Berrey, John J., hostage prisoner, 79, 142.
Berrey, Robert B., mayor, 184, 209.
Beverley, Harry, town trustee, 39.
Beverley, Robert, 28, 35.
Billingsly, Rev. Joseph A., editor, 227.
Biscoe, Robert L., publisher, 229.
Blackburn, Robert, 167.
Blackford, Wm. M., editor, 227.
Blair, John, 302, 304.
Blanton, Thomas, 237.
Boardman, Stephen A., teacher. 197.
Board of Health, 335.
Bonaparte, Charlotte, 243.
Bonaparte, Emperor Napoleon, 243, 310.
Boswell, Capt. J. K., engineer, 96.
Botts, Benjamin. 172.
Bowen, Wm., 167.
Bowering, Benjamin, machinist, 169, 176.
Bowering, Prof. A. B., 169, 192, 201, 211, 325.
Bowman, Mrs. D. C., 223.
Bradley, Capt. James H., hostage prisoner, 77, 78.
Bradley, Mrs. Lucilla S., 323.
Bradley, Wm. E., 127, 147, 176, 177, 227, 261.

Bradford, Daniel, 166.
Braxton, Capt. Carter, 70, 71, 72.
Braxton, Carter, signer D. I., 247.
Braxton, Rev. Carter, 211.
Brent, Thomas N., 197, 261.
Bridges—Chatham, 171;
Stafford, 171;
Free, 171.
Briggs, David, 64.
Broaddus, Rev. Andrew, 210, 211.
Broaddus, Rev. Wm. F., D. D., 74, 77, 78, 197, 211.
Brockenburg, Dr. John, 193.
Brooke, Judge Francis, 125.
Brooke, Gov. Robert, 130, 218, 220.
Brown, James, 172.
Brown, John, 183, 313.
Brown, Rev. James E., 216.
Brown, Rev. John A., 216.
Buckner, Cuthbert, teacher, 198.
Buckner, Robert, 38, 39, 40.
Bullock, B. F. Supt. gas, 178.
Burgess, Roland, 216.
Burrows, Silas, 157, 257.
Butterfield, Gen. Daniel, 191, 269.
Byrd, Col. Wm., 26, 43.
Caldwell, J. S., mayor, 141, 220.
Campbell, Daniel, 218, 220.
Campbell, James M., editor, 227.
Campbell, Mrs. Wm. A., teacher, 198.
Campbell, Rev. Alexander, 213.
Carter, Col. J. W., 13th Miss., 89.
Carter, George, publisher, 226.
Carter, Robert, 49.
Caruthers, Wm., teacher, 198.
Cary, Archibald, 168, 293.
Cary, Col. Milton, 72.
Castle, Henry, 60.
Champ, John, 46.
Chancellor, Mrs. B. C., D. A. R., 322, 323.
Chancellor, M. S., 175.
Chancellor, Rev. Melzi, 96.
Chancellorsville campaign, 94;
Gen. Hooker in command, 94;
moved to Chancellorsville, 94;
Gen. Sedgwick in town, 95;
defeated at Salem church, 96;
Hooker beaten at Chancellorsville, 95.
Chestnutt, Rev. I. L., 214.
Chew, Col. Robt. S., 72, 130, 183, 184, 192.
Chew, John James, 68, 116, 130, 138, 142.
Chew, John, 125.
Chew, John, Jr., 130.
Chew, Robert S., 130.
Chiles, Rev. James, 209.
Churches, 202;
St. George’s, 203;
Trinity, 206;
Presbyterian, 207;
French Memorial Chapel, 208;
Baptist, 209;
Methodist, 211;
Christian, 213;
St. Mary’s Catholic, 214;
Shiloh Old Site, 215;
Shiloh New Site, 215;
Robinson’s, 215;
Church of God, 216.
Citizens, arrested as hostages, 77, 86;
second arrest and names, 102.
City Council—Accepts situation, 111;
condemns assassination, 112;
levies taxes, 114;
orders an election, 115;
reverses order, 115;
city officers removed, 116;
addition to oath of office, 117;
new council, 120;
orders new courthouse, 140;
passes resolution on death of Prest. McKinley, 278, 279;
standing committees, 334;
Supts. of departments, 334;
police department, 334.
City Hall, 143.
City Mission, the, 324.
City Officers, 52, 130, 333.
Clarke, Gen. George Rodgers, 212, 313.
Clarke, Jonathan, 312, 313.
Clarke, Rev. M., 205.
Clarke, Wm., explorer, 313.
Clay, Henry, U. S. Senator, 264.
Cleveland, Prest. Grover, 160.
Clowder, Jeremiah, 39.
Coakley, John, hostage prisoner, 77, 79.
Cobb, Col. John A., 153.
Cobb, Gen. Thomas Reade Rootes, 91.
Cole, Col. E. D., 127, 146, 170, 174, 212, 248, 261, 262.
Cole, Counsellor, 168.
Coleman, Judge Richard H., teacher, 197.
Colson, Thomas, 194.
Confederate cemetery, 185, 186, 189.
Confederate Veterans, 191.

Conflagrations, 59, 64.
Contagious diseases, 65.
Conway, P. V. D., 93.
Conway, Walker P., 120.
Cooke, Dr. James, hostage prisoner, 77, 79.
Coons, Jacob, German miner, 24.
Corbin, Hon. S. Wellford, 170.
Corbin, James P., clerk, 223, 261, 277.
Cotton, Mrs. An., 282.
Coulter, Judge John, of Chatham, 171.
Courthouse, 142.
Courts—Hustings Court established, 124;
District Court, 124;
Circuit Court, 125;
District Court of Appeals, 125;
Hustings Court abolished and re-established, 126;
Police Court, 126.
Cox, Abraham, hostage prisoner, 77, 79, 80.
Cox, George, 64.
Cox, James A., 246.
Cox, Mrs. Lucy Ann, 246.
Craig, Rev. Lewis, 209.
Crawford, Wm. J., architect, 159.
Criminals, punishment of, 55.
Crismond, H. F., 261.
C

list of mayors, 336.
Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4, 217.
Fredericksburg R. A. Chapter, 220.
Fredericksburg Teachers’ Association, 325.
Freedman’s Bureau, 127.
Fremont, Gen. John C., 313.
French, Dr. George, 172.
French. Seth B., 208.
Frieze, Jacob, 242.
Garner, A. Mason, 147, 174, 176.
Garnett, Geo. W., 211.
Garnett, Hon. James M., 169.
Garrison, Hon. Geo. T., 158.
Gas Works, 176, 177.
Gately, Matthew J., 237.
Gates, Gen. Horatio, 251.
Gaullier, John F., 172.
Gibson, Rev. John S., 207.
Gill, Beverley T., hostage prisoner, 77, 111.
Gilmer, Capt. Lucien G., 185.
Gilmer, Rev. Thomas W., 209.
Gladstone, Sir Wm. E., premier, 305.
Gooch, Wm., Esq., Governor, 42.
Goodwin, Thomas, 165.
Goolrick, John, teacher, 196.
Goolrick, Hon. John T., 126, 192, 261, 271, 272, 275, 277.
Goolrick, Miss Jennie M., teacher, 325.
Goolrick, Mrs. John T., D. A. R., 160, 322, 323.
Goolrick, Peter, 138, 139, 140, 166.
Gordon, Douglas H., 85.
Gordon, Gen. John B., 98.
Gordon, Samuel, 169.
Gordon, W. F., 184.
Gore, Charles A., 60.
Gore, Jacob, 60.
Grant, Gen. U. S., 73, 99, 109.
Gravatt, George, 111, 120.
Gravatt, Miss Sallie N., D. A. R., 322, 323.
Gray, John, 167.
Gray, Rev. J. S., 207.
Gray, Wm. F., editor, 225.
Green, Gen. Nathaniel, 251, 253.
Green, John W., 64.
Green, Mrs. James L., 226.
Green, Rev. Edwin, 207.
Green, Timothy, editor, 225, 259.
Green, Wm. D., 166.
Gregg, Gen. D. McM., 263.

Griffin, John M., 261, 262.
Griffin, Lieut. Robt. S., 262.
Hackley, Mrs. Mary, teacher, 197.
Hagen, Rev. Henry, 24.
Halkerson, Robert, 220.
Hall, Dr. Elisha, 152.
Hall, Dr. Horace B., 111, 152, 205.
Hall, Dr. Marshall C., 205.
Halsey, J. J., teacher, 197.
Hanback, ——, German miner, 24.
Hancock, John, 308.
Hanson, Thomas H., teacher, 196.
Harman, Wencel, 248.
Harris, Gen. T. M., 114.
Harris, O. L., 222.
Harrison, Benjamin, President, 247.
Harrison, Col. Archibald, 72.
Harrison, Thomas, 120.
Harrison, Wm. Henry, President, 264, 312.
Harrow, James D., editor, 225.
Hassininga, Indian king, 15, 19.
Hawley, Gen. J. W., 262, 271.
Heflin, E. G., architect, 145.
Henderlite, Rev. J. H., 209.
Henry, Edward, teacher, 197.
Henry, Patrick, 44, 264, 284, 285, 287, 302.
Henry, Rev. Patrick, 23, 44.
Herndon, Capt. Wm. Lewis, 241.
Herndon, Charles, 111.
Herndon, Dr. B. S., 142.
Herndon, Dr. James C., 244.
Herndon, Jacob, 167.
Herndon, John M., 126, 208.
Heslop, Isaac, 237.
Hill, Col. John B., 257.
Hirsh, Isaac, 261.
Hirsh, Mrs. Isaac, 325.
Hirsh, Mrs. Maurice, 223.
Hitt, Peter, German miner, 24.
Hitt, W. Snowden, 196.
Hodge, Rev. A. A., 209.
Hoge, Rev. Wm. J., D. D., 94.
Holliday, John, speaker, H. B., 42.
Holmes, Thomas, 227.
Holtzclaw, Jacob, German miner, 24.
Honey, Miss Maggie L., teacher, 325.
Hooton, Albert, 174.
Hotels—Tammany Hall, 165;
Rappahannock House, 165;
Farmers’, 165;
Exchange, 166;
Eagle, 166;
Alhambra, 167;
Indian Queen, 167;
Travellers’ Rest, 168;
Western, 168;
Liberty House, 168;
Planters’, 168.
Houston, Gen. Samuel, 168, 314.
Howard, Clarance R., 155.
Howard, Mrs. Clarance R., D. A. R., 322.
Howard, Mrs. Wm. Key, of Kenmore, D. A. R., 322.
Howard, Wm. Key, 155, 179.
Howison, John, 200.
Howison, Rev. Robert R., LL. D., 81.
Howison, Samuel S., 86.
Huffman, John, German miner, 24.
Huffman, Landon J., 142.
Hunnicutt, Rev. James W., editor, 77, 227.
Hunter, Charles E., 176.
Hurkamp, Charles H., 170.
Hurkamp, John G., 111.
Hurkamp, Miss Jennie, 325.
Hurkamp, Wm. H., 192.
Ironclad Oath, 116.
Jackson, Rob., city trustee, 42.
Jackson, Capt. Wm. A., 183.
Jackson, Gen. Andrew, President, 257.
Jackson, Gen. T. J., 81, 84, 95, 272.
Jacobs, W. J., 262.
James, Rev. Wm., 132, 211.
Japazaws, Chief, 20.
Jay, Judge John, 240.
Jefferson, Thomas, 167, 247, 264, 283, 292, 294, 296, 313, 323.
Jefferys, Major M. M., 191.
Jenkins, Wm., Gaoler, 130.
Johns, Rev. Arthur S., 205.
Johnson, Major James, 128.
Johnson, Capt. Volley M., teacher, 197.
Johnston, B., 237.
Johnston, H. Stuart, 257.
Johnston, Lafayette, 257.
Johnston, Mrs. Eliza, 257.
Jones, John Paul, 218, 237, 238, 239, 265, 301, 323.
Jones, W. T., 179.
Julien, John, alderman, 124.

Kelly, Maj. J. Harrison, 170, 221, 225.
Kemper, Charles E., 23.
Kemper, John, 23, 24.
Kemper, Rev. James, 23, 24.
Kenmore, 155.
Ker, Dr. David C., 46, 66, 231.
King, Gen. Horatio C., 262, 270, 276, 277.
King, Wm. I., 177.
Kirkland, Richard, 92.
Knight, John T., 120, 177, 248, 261.
Knox, Capt. Jas. S., 146, 175, 177, 184.
Knox, Miss Virginia, 223.
Knox, Thomas F., hostage prisoner, 77, 111, 142.
Kobler, Rev. John, 212, 213.
Lacy, Maj. J. Horace, 170.
Lacy, Miss Sallie M., 324.
Lacy, Mrs. J. Horace, U. D. C., 323.
Lacy, Rev. B. T., 209.
Ladies’ Memorial Association, 185, 186, 188, 189, 320.
Lafayette, Gen., 256.
Lane, H. B., chairman finance, 176, 261, 334.
Larkin, Capt. Thos. M., 185.
Laughlin, Col. W. L., 166.
Lawrens, Henry, 308.
Layton, C. Ernest, 222.
Leavell, John T., 262.
Lee, Daniel M., 192, 262.
Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 247.
Lee, Gen. Charles, 251.
Lee, Gen. Henry, 251, 308.
Lee, Gen. Robert E., 73, 83, 99, 108, 109, 110, 183, 191, 264.
Lee, Gen. Wm. H. F., 83.
Lee, Richard Henry, 247, 287, 293, 302, 306.
Lee, Thomas Ludwell, 168, 295.
Legg, John, 130.
Lewis, Col. Fielding, 155, 243.
Lewis, John, 44, 45.
Lewis, Meriwether, 313.
Lewis, Robert, 255, 256.
Lexington, battle of, 48.
Liberty Bell, 247.
Little, A. Alexander, 226.
Little, Miss Bella, 226.
Little, Mrs. John P., 197.
Littlepage, Gen. Lewis, 240.
Little, Wm. A., 74, 85, 102, 111.
Livingston, Robert R., 294.
Livingston, Wm., 41.
Lomax, Judge John T., 132, 193.
Long, Michael, 167.
Longstreet, Gen. James, 83.
Lowery, James T., 146.
Lowery, Wm. T., 221.
Low, Rev. Samuel, 132.
Lucas, Alber

13, 14, 15, 18.
Mundell, John, 64.
Murat, Catherine Willis, 243.
Murat, Prince Charles, 243.
Murdaugh, Rev. E. C., 205, 206.
Murphy, Wm. H., 167.
Myer, John H., 120, 223.
Myer, Miss Annie, 325.
Myrtle Lodge, I. O. O. F., 221.
Nandtaughtacund, Indian King, 14, 18, 19.
Napoleon Bonaparte, 310.
Napoleon, Louis, 268.
National Cemetery, 190, 191.
Nelson, Gen. Thomas., Jr., 247, 293.
Newby, James, 167.
Newspapers and Periodicals—The Virginia Herald, 225;
The Genius of Liberty, 225;
The Courier, 226;
The Fredericksburg News, 226;
The Political Arena, 226;
The Christian Banner, 227;
The Virginia Baptist, 227;
The Democratic Recorder, 227;
The Fredericksburg Ledger, 227;
The Independent, 227;
The Bulletin, 227;
The True Standard, 227;
The Recorder, 227;
The Free Lance, 227;
The Virginia Star, 228;
The Daily Evening Star, 228;
Masonic Olive Branch and Literary Portfolio, 229;
The Little Gleaner, 229;
The Fredericksburg Journal, 229;
The Evening Journal, 229.
Normal School Building, 147.
Norton, Wm. H., hostage prisoner, 77, 79.
O’Ferrall, Gov. Charles T., 159, 276, 277.

Ould, Col. Robert, 104.
Owens, Rev. Wm. B., 93, 94.
Page, Mann, Jr., 160.
Page, Mrs. Hugh N., 322.
Passasack, Indian King, 14, 18, 19.
Patrick, Gen. M. R., 75.
Paul, John, 238.
Paul, William, 237, 238.
Pendleton, Edmund, 49, 287, 293, 296.
Perrig, Rev. J. F., 214.
Perrin, Gen. Abner, 324.
Peyton, Benj., 143.
Peyton, Capt. George H., 166, 184.
Phelps, Elijah, 61.
Pierson, Charles H., 170.
Pitcher, Molly, 246.
Pocahontas, 12, 19, 20, 264.
Political divisions, 230, 231, 233, 234.
Pollock, Capt. John G., 73.
Poor Debtors’ prison bounds, 134, 135.
Poor, care of, 171, 174.
Pope, Gen. John, 75, 76, 77, 81.
Porter, Gen. Horace, 239.
Porter, John S., 183.
Port Royal, 19.
Posey, Gen. Thomas, 217, 301.
Postal investigation, 60.
Postoffice burnt, 89.
Powell, D. Lee, 183.
Powell, Rev. W. R., 227.
Powell, Smith’s companion, 13.
Powers, Hiram, 218.
Powhatan, Indian King, 19, 20.
Pritchard, John, 68, 142, 180, 183.
Procter, Thomas, 168.
Proctor, Thomas F., 192.
Pryor, Mrs. Roger A., 151.
Public Buildings, 137;
Courthouse, 142;
City Hall, 144;
Fire House, 144;
Union House, 144;
Colored School, 144;
Wallace Library, 145.
Public Free School Board, 335.
Public Schools, 199.
Pullen, Jesse, 167.
Quinn, Capt. S. J., 147, 174, 175, 176, 192, 211, 220, 261, 277, 323.
Quisenberry, Wm. P., 167.
Ramsay, Rev. F. P., 199, 223.
Ramsay, T. H., 166.
Randolph, Gov. Edmund, 124, 304.
Randolph, John, 149.
Randolph, Peyton, 49.
Randolph, Rev. A. M., 93, 205.
Ransom, Gen. Robert, 83.
Ransom, Rev. W. L., 216.
Rapahanock, Indian King, 18.
Ratliff, Lieut. Wm., 89.
Rawls, Miss Mary, 195.
Ray, Rev. Albert, 216.
Read, James G., 197.
Reaney, Rev. W. L., 207.
Reconstruction commenced, 113.
Religious liberty, 309.
Revere, John H., 184.
Rhinehart, H. W., 197.
Richards, Mrs. F. C., D. A. R., 322, 323.
Richardson, Hon. James D., 302.
Richardson, Judge D. C., 276.
Richardson, Lieut. Wm. H., 324.
Rising Sun Tavern, 148.
Roach, Miss Agnes P., 325.
Roberts, John H., hostage prisoner, 77, 79.
Robinson, John H., 181.
Robinson, John, 39.
Robinson, Rev. Willis M., 215, 216.
Roddy, Samuel, 124.
Rolfe, Capt. John, 19, 20.
Rootes, Philip, 46.
Rootes, Thomas Reade, 153, 231.
Rosebro, Rev. J. W., D. D., 146, 199, 209.
Ross, Alexander, 46.
Rothrock, Charles M., 246.
Rowe, A. P., 160, 170, 247, 248, 260.
Rowe, A. P., Jr., 146, 262.
Rowe, Capt. M. B., 170, 174, 184, 185, 261.
Rowe, Geo. H. C., hostage prisoner, 77, 78, 103, 105.
Rowe, Josiah P., 176.
Rowe, Rev. George, 215.
Royston, John, 38, 39, 40, 41.
Ruggles, Gen. Daniel, 200.
Ruggles, Gen. Geo. D., 271, 276.
Rush, Dr. Benj., 152.
Russell, saves Smith’s life, 13.
Sanford, Joseph, 68, 142, 168.
Saunders, Rev. A. P., D. D., 198, 209.
Schofield, Gen. John M., 115.

School Buildings—Union House, 144;
Colored School, 144;
new School Building, 145.
Schooler, Miss Willie F., 194, 197.
Schools, Fredericksburg Academy, 193;
Federal Hill Female College, 194;
Charity School, 194;
Rev. Samuel Wilson’s, 195;
John Goolrick’s, 196;
T. H. Hanson’s, 196;
Rev. Geo. W. McPhail’s, 196;
Powell and Morrison’s, 197;
Richard Sterling’s, 197;
Mrs. John P. Little’s, 197;
Misses Ann and Mary Drinnan’s, 197;
Rev. Dr. Wm. F. Broaddus’s, 197;
Judge Richard H. Coleman’s, 197;
Wm. Caruthers’s, 198;
Public Schools, 199;
Fredericksburg College, 198;
Fredericksburg Female Seminary, 198.
Scott, Capt. Benj., 185.
Scott, Charles S., 111, 171.
Scott, Dr. Wm. S., 86.
Scott, Francis S., 134.
Scott, Gen. Winfield, 265, 314.
Scott, Hugh S., 68, 142.
Scott, John F., hostage prisoner, 77, 79.
Secobeck, 19.
Seddon, Thomas, 133.
Semple, Rev. Robert B., 210, 211.
Semple, Robert B., 138, 139, 140, 226.
Sener, Capt. J. W., 111, 120, 175, 183, 184, 201.
Sener, Hon. J. B., 128, 157, 160, 227, 248, 260.
Sentry Box, 150.
Sewell, Gen. W. J., 262, 271.
Shackleford, Rev. J. Green, 207.
Shakahonea, Indian town, 15.
Shelburne, Rev. Cephas, 214.
Shepherd, George W., 59, 149, 192, 261.
Sherman, Roger, 294.
Sickles, Gen. Daniel E., 269, 271.
Slaughter, F., 142.
Slaughter, M., hostage prisoner, 74, 77, 78, 84, 86, 87, 104, 111, 112, 126.
Slaughter, Rev. Philip, D. D., 193.
Slaughter, Wm., 68, 139, 140.
Sligo, small-pox hospital, 66.
Smith, Augustin, 39.
Smith, Austin, 30.
Smith, Capt. John, 11, 12, 13, 1

Weedon, Gen. George, 49, 50, 149, 150, 217, 301.
Weir, Mrs. Florence F., 322.
Wellford, Beverley R., 139, 140, 142.
Wellford, Beverley R., Jr., 79, 220.
Wellford, C. C., hostage prisoner, 64, 77, 142, 143.
Wellford, Dr. Francis P., 243.
Wellford, W. N., 169.
Wheeler, Gen. D. D., 151.
Wheeler, Gen. Joseph, 262, 271.
White, Jesse, 225, 229, 246.
White, Mrs. W. Seymour, 222.
White, Wm. H., 138, 139, 140.
White, W. Seymour, 222, 228, 248.
Whittemore, J. M., 141, 180.
Wight, Mrs. H. Theodore, 153.
Wilderness Campaign, 99, 101, 105.
Williams, Major Charles, 76, 128.
Williams, Rev. R. Aubrey, 211.
Williams, Rev. Wm. H., 211.
Willis, Catherine, 243.
Willis, Col. Byrd C., 243.
Willis, Benj. P., 146, 200, 211.
Willis, Henry, 39, 44, 45.
Willis, M. G., 177.
Willis, Rev. John C., 227.
Willis, Wm., 245.
Wilson, Rev. Samuel B., 132, 207.
Winchester, Stephen, 172.
Wodrow, Alexander, 220.
Woltz, Col. John W., 227.

Woodford, Gen. Wm., 217, 301.
Wood, Silas, 64, 143.
Wrenn, Lewis, hostage prisoner, 77, 79.
Wroten, George W., 147, 261.
Wythe, George, 168, 247, 302.
Yates, A. Bacon, 160.
Yates, Charles, 237.
Young, James, 166, 167.
Young, John James, 105, 111, 120, 201.
Young, Mary, 238.

Footnotes:

[1] Description of Virginia by Smith, his spelling modernized.

[2] Howison’s U. S. History, from Smith.

[3] Walter Russell, in Smith.

[4] Howe’s History of Virginia.

[5] Howe’s History.

[6] Acts of House of Burgesses.

[7] Howe’s History of Virginia.

[8] Furnished by Chas. E. Kemper, Esq.

[9] It is claimed by Rev. James Kemper that the German Reformed Church, organized at Germanna in 1714, was the first church of that denomination planted in this country.

[10] Mr. M. D. Conway, in Magazine of American History, Vol. 27, No. 3, page 186.

[11] Memoirs of a Huguenot Family, page 268.

[12] John Fontaine was the son of Rev. James Fontaine, of France, a Huguenot who fled to England to avoid religious persecution, and thence settled in Scotland, where he ended his days. The name originally was De la Fontaine, but John’s grandfather, “from motives of humility, cut off the De la, the indication of the nobility of the family.” John came to this country in 1716, with his brother Peter, and at once became a friend and companion of Governor Spotswood’s, while Peter became a minister of ability and was very popular. From these two brothers sprang the Fontaines of this country.

[13] Austain Moore lived at Chelsea, on the Mattaponi river. He was the Governor’s son-in-law.—Maury’s History of Virginia.

[14] Austin Smith lived in the village or settlement afterwards named Fredericksburg. He is supposed to have been a descendant of Lawrence Smith, who commanded the fort here in 1681. He no doubt has descendants here now bearing the name of Smith, while some are known by other names.

[15] These Indians came from the Meherrin river, where Governor Spotswood owned a large body of land. He had opened a school there for the education and conversion of the Indian children, which made him quite popular with the Indians in that quarter. The Governor and Mr. Fontaine visited that part of the country a few weeks before they started on this expedition.

[16] This must be at the junction of the Rapidan and Robinson rivers.

[17] This is the Rapidan river probably.

[18] It is likely that this was Conway river, a tributary of the Rapidan, and the line between Madison and Green counties.

[19] This is unquestionably the north fork or north branch of the Rivanna river, a tributary of the James, which runs through Green county, its head waters coming from the sides of the Blue Ridge mountain.

[20] This is the Shenandoah river, as no other river in the Valley answers to Mr. Fontaine’s description, and which is a very important part of his narrative. The distance of the river from the mountains and the description of the streams crossed in reaching the mountains, enable us to determine with considerable accuracy the route the Governor and his party took as they crossed the Blue Ridge into the beautiful Shenandoah Valley, “the Granary of the World.” A careful inspection of the map will show that they passed through the counties of Orange, Madison and the northern portion of Green over into Rockingham, where the Shenandoah river is about seventy-five or eighty yards wide and runs within a few miles of the Blue Ridge mountains.

[21] Governor Spotswood, when he undertook the great discovery of the Passage over the Mountains, attended with a sufficient guard, and pioneers and gentlemen, with a sufficient stock of provision, with abundant fatigue passed these mountains and cut his Majesty’s name in a rock upon the highest of them, naming it Mount George; and in complaisance the gentlemen from the Governor’s name, called the mountain next in height Mount Alexander.

For this expedition they were obliged to provide a great quantity of horse shoes (things seldom used in the lower parts of the country, where there are few stones); upon which account the Governor, upon their return, presented each of his companions with a golden horse shoe, (some of which I have seen studded with valuable stones resembling the heads of nails,) with this inscription on one side: Sic juvat transcendere montes, and on the other is written the tremontane order.

This he instituted to encourage gentlemen to venture backwards, and make discoveries, and new settlements; any gentleman being entitled to wear this golden shoe that can prove his having drunk his Majesty’s health upon Mount George.—Hugh Jones, 1724.

[22] This Mr. Woodford is supposed to be the father or grandfather of General Wm. Woodford, of Revolutionary fame.

[23] The town referred to in the county of King George is the town of Falmouth, on the opposite side of the river, and a mile and a half above Fredericksburg. The act that made Fredericksburg a town also gave Falmouth a legal existence. At the time of the passage of the act that territory belonged to King George county, but now to Stafford county.

[24] The water came from two springs—Poplar spring and Smith’s spring.

[25] Died at Crystal Springs, Miss., March 1, 1900.

[26] This list was obtained from a diary kept by John J. Berrey while in prison.

[27] Some amusing incidents are related of Dr. Broaddus while a prisoner worth relating in these pages. The Doctor was an educated, polished gentleman, and quite a humorist. When he was received into prison the keeper proceeded in his usual manner to ascertain his name, age and place of nativity. When asked his name he said it was William F. Broaddus. “What does the F stand for?” asked the keeper. The Doctor replied that he did not know. “Don’t know?” demanded the keeper. “I will tell you the circumstances,” said the Doctor, “and let you decide for yourself. My name was William Francis Ferguson. I did not like the two F’s and asked my mother to let me drop one. She consented and I dropped one, but I never could tell whether I dropped the one that stood for Francis or the one that stood for Ferguson. Now, can you tell me which one I dropped?” The keeper saw he was beaten, and demanded, “What is your age?” “I was born in the year of one,” replied the Doctor. “What! Do you mean to tell me you are 1861 years old,” shouted the keeper. “Not at all,” said the Doctor. “Well, then, explain yourself,” demanded the keeper, showing some impatience. “I was born in the year one of this century,” responded the Doctor. “Where were you born?” indignantly asked the keeper. “Now, you’ve got me again,” answered the Doctor. “That’s a question I have long wanted settled, and I’ll state the case and perhaps you can help me settle it. My birthplace at the time of my birth was in Culpeper county. Changes in county lines afterwards placed it in Rappahannock county. Now, if I were to tell you I was born in Culpeper, and you should go down there to inquire, you would find the place in Rappahannock. If I were to tell you I was born in Rappahannock and you were to investigate you would find that when I was born the place was in Culpeper and there was no Rappahannock county at the time. Now, will you please tell me where I was born?” The keeper passed him without further questions.

It was the habit of Dr. Broaddus to preach on Sunday mornings to his fellow prisoners, and such others as would come to hear him while the prison chaplain would hold services in another part of the prison. It is related of the superintendent of the prison, that in making the announcements for preaching he would cry out: “All who wish to hear the gospel according to Abraham Lincoln come this way; those who wish to hear it according to Jeff. Davis go over there,” pointing to Dr. Broaddus and his congregation.

[28] The scenes of the evacuation of Fredericksburg are taken principally from “The Past, Present and Future of Fredericksburg,” by Rev. Robert R. Howison, LL. D., who was aided in its preparation by diaries kept by those present at the time and the recitals of other eye witnesses, besides newspaper articles, the reports of Generals in both armies and our own knowledge, being present.

[29] See General Lafayette McLaws’s report of the battle.

[30] Extract from Gen. Lafayette McLaws’s official report of the battle of Fredericksburg, made to General James Longstreet—War of Rebellion, Series 1, Vol. 21, page 578.

[31] It is said that just south of the Stevens house, about a hundred yards in front of the Confederate line, lay a wounded Union soldier on the night of the 13th. His supply of water gave out. Just before daylight he began to call for water. The cry was incessant. Both lines could hear him, but no one seemed willing to venture to his relief. As the day dawned he seemed to cry louder—water, water, water; but none came. Among those who heard him, and whose heart was touched with pity, was a Confederate youth, yet in his teens. He determined to answer the call or die in the attempt; and so informed Gen. Kershaw, his commander, who tried to dissuade him from it. But his purpose was fixed, and it is said that just as “the sun was gilding the blue arch above with his golden beams,” this youth took his canteen, filled with water, jumped over the stone wall, and, with form bending low, carried it to the sufferer. Just as the deed was accomplished a yell of approval went up from both Confederate and Union lines, such as was never heard before, and which was repeated time and again. The boy soldier did not have to bend his form in returning to his post. He went back a hero, and a good Samaritan, proclaimed such by both armies, and he has since been immortalized in verse. That youth was Richard Kirkland, of Co. E. 2nd S. C. Vol. He has a memorial stone in the Church of the Prince of Peace at Gettysburg, and the inscription: A hero of benevolence; at the risk of his life he gave his enemy drink at Fredericksburg. He was killed at Chickamauga.

[32] See Christ in the Camp, by Rev. J. Wm. Jones, D. D.

[33] See War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Vol. 25, Part 1, page 798.

[34] Still living.

[35] An amusing incident is told of Mr. Joyce when he was arrested. He is a native of Ireland, as every one will readily perceive when he hears him speak. When arrested he was asked in a brusque tone by the officer—“Where are you from?” He replied instantly: “Be Jasus, oim a Virginnyan, and niver denoi the place of moi netivity.”

[36] See Council proceedings, June 20, 1864.

[37] That record not found. Mr. Rowe must have assisted Rev. Wm. F. Broaddus, D. D., in the release of the nineteen citizen prisoners.

[38] From Council proceedings of July 8, 1864.

[39] Not found in the Council proceedings.

[40] Mr. McLane’s residence was in the midst of the first battle between the two great armies, and, strange to say, it was in the midst of the last and that the terms of surrender were written and signed in his residence. When the war broke out Mr. McLane was living in Prince William county, and at the first battle of Manassas his residence was in the thickest of the fight. He afterwards moved to Appomattox county to get out of the reach of the war. During the last engagement of the two armies his residence was between the lines, and when General Lee and General Grant met they asked for a room in the house, which was furnished them, and there the terms of surrender were written and signed.

[41] Traveller was General Lee’s war horse. Every soldier in the army knew him. At the death of this faithful old horse, that had carried General Lee through the war, he was turned over to the taxidermist, who prepared and mounted him. He is now at the Soldiers’ Home in Richmond, looking as natural and life-like as when he bore the Confederate Chieftain into battle, or when he moved in General Lee’s funeral procession, fully equipped for the march, but without his accustomed rider.

[42] Blue and Gray.

[43]

GENERAL LEE’S FAREWELL ADDRESS.

Headquarters Army Northern Virginia,
Appomattox Courthouse, April 10, 1865.

General Orders, No. 9.—After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers.

I need not tell the brave survivors of so many hard fought battlefields, who have remained steadfast to the last, that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them, but feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing to compensate for the loss that must have attended a continuation of the contest, I determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen.

By the terms of agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection. With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you all an affectionate farewell.

R. E. Lee, General.

[44] The assassination of Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by J. Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865.

[45] See Council proceedings, April 27, 1865.

[46] This amount was ascertained by Mr. St. George R. Fitzhugh, after a thorough examination of the indebtedness of the town at the close of the war, about 1895, which was published in the town papers and also in circulars and distributed.

[47] Attorney-General and Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s Cabinet.

[48] President James Monroe.

[49] Afterwards one of the Judges of the Supreme Court.

[50] Council proceedings, 1867.

[51] Some of the colored people were told by wags that the object of the bureau was to furnish a bureau to every colored family that had none, as it was composed of bureaus. Believing this to be true, some colored women are said to have driven their wagons from Caroline county to town and applied to Major Johnson for their bureau, and could not conceal their disgust when they were informed that “It was a jestis bureau they had in Fredericksburg and not a furniture bureau.”

[52] Governor of Virginia in 1794-96, and afterwards Attorney-General of the State.

[53] Appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by President Washington.

[54] Wrote Mary Washington’s will and was one of the witnesses to her signature.

[55] Mr. Thomas Seddon was the father of Hon. James A. Seddon, Confederate Secretary of War, and lived in the residence now owned and occupied by Mr. George W. Shepherd.

[56] Thomas B. Barton, John James Chew and Beverly R. Wellford, of the committee, were not members of the Council, but appointed from the body of the citizens.

[57] Council proceedings, July 18, 1907.

[58] See War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Vol. 21, page 590.

[59] In his excitement, Grand Master Page dedicated the monument to Mary, the mother of our illustrious brother, George H. Washington. A brother remarked to another, “I didn’t know there was an H in Washington’s name. What does it stand for?” As quick as thought the shrewd Essex lawyer responded, “Hatchet—George Hatchet!” The fun that incident excited is not over with yet.

[60] One tradition is that this drug store was at the corner of Princess Ann and Amelia streets, where Mr. John Stansbury Wallace lives; but another tradition locates it at the corner of Main and Amelia, most likely adjoining the corner house. This tradition is strengthened by finding, some time ago, while repairing the house, many old papers and other things that must have come from a drug store, and no other such store was ever known at that place.

[61] General Smith got his name Extra Billy while in the stage business, long before he was either General or Governor Smith. It is reported to have happened in this way: At certain seasons of the year, before the days of railroads, travel was very heavy and far beyond the capacity of the regular stages on the road, which was the only means of travel over land at that time. When this occurred Billy Smith, as he was called, would put on an extra stage, and if the travel still increased he would put on another, and so on, until sometimes he would have on the road four or five stages, where one usually did the work. On this account, and because of his unsurpassed politeness, he became popular with travellers. On this occasion a traveller was anxious to get to Washington, and could get no seat in the stage. In hustling around he found two or three others who were anxious to go, but, like himself, could not get accommodations on any part of the stage, and the agent declared it impossible to provide for them. The impatient and anxious traveller cried out “Where is Extra Billy?” Extra Billy was sent for, an extra stage was provided and the travellers went on their way rejoicing, but “Extra Billy” remained with Mr. Smith, following him to his grave.

[62] It is said on one occasion John Randolph, of Roanoke, stopped here. It was soon known, and the Democrats congregated to entertain him. They prepared a bowl of punch in an adjoining room, and when it was ready Mr. Randolph was invited to meet the gentlemen and join them in something to drink. In a gruff voice, he replied to the committee that waited on him, “I don’t drink with strangers, and if I can’t rest here one night without being disturbed by a mob, I will drive to the Sycamores.” The Sycamores was a hotel twelve miles from town on the Bowling Green road. It was said he was not again disturbed.

[63] At the corner of Commerce and Charles streets, in front of this hotel, is a stone block about two and a half feet high and some two feet in diameter. It was placed there many years before the Civil war, it is said, for the sale and annual hire of slaves. The slave to be sold was required to stand on this block in the presence of the gathered traders, when he or she was “cried out” by the auctioneer to the highest bidder. Those slaves who were publicly hired out for the year also took their stand on this block and were hired out at the highest price bid. There is probably no relic in Fredericksburg that calls back more vividly the days of slavery than does this stone block.

[64] Yet living.

[65] Yet living.

[66] One of the Judges of the Court of Appeals of Virginia for fourteen years before the war, and president of said court for twelve years after the war.

[67] Slaughter’s Bristol Parish. Va., 2nd edition.

[68] It is related by the “old folks” that when the ceremony closed the minister looked at the groom and said “kiss your bride.” The groom, not understanding English and imagining it was some figure in the dance, innocently took the bride by the hands and merrily waltzed up and down the aisle to the amusement of the audience, but to the great mortification of the bride.

[69] Some authorities give 1735 as the date of the erection of this church.

[70] Great grandfather of Governor John L. Marye.

[71] It has been claimed, and it is probably true, that James Monroe held more important public positions in his life than any other one man, either before or since his day.

[72] A memorial tablet erected in St. George’s church has this inscription: “Rev. Edward McGuire, D. D., born in Winchester, Va., July 26, 1783, died Oct. 8, 1858. During forty-five years the faithful, beloved and highly blessed pastor of St. George’s church, Fredericksburg. Amiable in character, prudent in action, wise in counsel, evangelical in doctrine, experimental in preaching, he was a pastor of great influence and success, highly esteemed for his sound judgment and consistent conduct during a long and useful life.”

[73] A memorial slab erected in St. George’s church gives this remarkable record: “Reuben T. Thom, born 1782, died 1868. He was for 52 years a vestryman, and for 45 years senior warden of St. George’s church. A father in Israel he was respected and beloved by three generations.”

[74] From a communication in an old copy of the Fredericksburg News, furnished by Dr. Horace B. Hall.

[75] In the occupancy of this building we have this coincidence: When the members of St. George’s church were building their present house, in 1849, they occupied the Methodist church, back of the park, which had been vacated for the new house on Hanover street. More than thirty years afterwards, when Trinity Episcopal church was organized, they occupied the Methodist church on Hanover street, the Methodists having moved to their new house on George street.

[76] In the Presbyterian church a marble tablet is erected with this inscription: “Samuel B. Wilson, first pastor; born March 17, 1783: died Aug. 1, 1869. They that be wise shall shine as the firmament, and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars forever and ever.”

[77] On a memorial tablet erected in the church is this inscription: “Thomas Walker Gilmer, pastor, born July 25, 1834, died April 5, 1869. I know that my Redeemer liveth.”

[78] Historical sketch of Fredericksburg, 1883, by Robert B. Berrey.

[79] A memorial slab in the church is thus inscribed: “In memory of Rev. Wm. F. Broaddus, D. D., born April 30, 1801, died Sept. 8, 1876. The beloved and faithful pastor of this church 1853 to 1862, through whose labors and liberality this house was built. ‘He was a good man and full of the Holy Ghost and faith, and much people was added to the Lord.’”

[80] In the basement of the church is a memorial tablet inscribed as follows: “In memory of Deacon George W. Garnett, the faithful, efficient and beloved Superintendent of the Fredericksburg Baptist Sunday School for thirty consecutive years, who died July 9, 1876, aged 54 years. ‘He was a faithful man, and feared God above many.’ Erected by the school.”

[81] Mrs. V. M. F. prepared this article.

[82] Appleton’s Encyclopedia, Volume 9.

[83] Mayor Robert Lewis, a nephew of Washington, delivered the welcome address to Lafayette when he visited Fredericksburg in 1824, in which he said: “The presence of the friend of Washington excites the tenderest emotions and associations among a people, whose town enjoys the distinguished honor of having been the residence of the Father of His Country during the days of his childhood and youth.”—Pamphlet of Reception of Lafayette at Fredericksburg, page 4.

“At this place, sir, which calls to our recollection several among the most honored names of the Revolutionary war, I did, many years ago, salute the first residence of our paternal chief, received the blessing of his venerated mother, and of his dear sister, your own respected parent.”—Extract of General Lafayette’s reply to the above.

“The city of Fredericksburg—first residence of Washington—may she more and more attain all the prosperity which independence, republicanism and industry cannot fail to procure.” Sentiment offered by Lafayette at a banquet on the above occasion.

[84] Manly’s Southern Literature.

[85] A son of Jonathan Clarke, who lived at Newmarket, in Spotsylvania county, and afterwards moved to Fredericksburg. For many years he was clerk of the county court of Spotsylvania. George Rodgers Clarke is said to have been born while his father lived at Newmarket.—A letter from a descendant.

[86] Jones’s U. S. History.

[87] Capt. Wm. Clarke was a Fredericksburg man. He was a son of Jonathan Clarke, of Fredericksburg, who was clerk of Spotsylvania county court. He was, therefore, a brother of General Geo. Rodgers Clarke, who conquered the great northwest territory.—A letter from a descendant of Wm. Clarke. See also Maury’s History of Virginia, page 158.

[88] Jones’s U. S. History.

[89] General D. H. Maury’s History of Va.

[90] Pointed out to the author by Mrs. Ann Maury, his widow.

[91] Paper prepared by Mrs. J. T. G.

[92] Paper prepared by Miss R. C. M.

[93] Paper prepared by Miss K. J. M.