[1] From Mr. J. Y. Gibson’s spirited translation of El Viage del Parnaso (1883).

[2] Don Quixote, Part i., chap. iii.

[3] i.e., she was Jew.

[4] Cardinal, a weal raised by a lash.

[5] In allusion to the proverb—Á cada puerco viene su San Martin—to every pig comes its Martinmas.

[6] In allusion to the Shrove-tide sport of throwing at cocks.

[7] Era batalla nabal, a play upon the word nabal, meaning “belonging to turnips (nabos)” as well as “naval.”

[8] No imaginary but a real personage, whose true name was Antonio Cabreriza.

[9] The Morisco was called dog by the Christians; and cat (gato) was a cant word for thief.

[10] There is a scene here which will not bear an English dress. The scholars stand around and spit at Pablo. There is no other humour of which the reader is deprived.

[11] The famous secretary of Philip II., whose intrigues against Spain never ceased till his death in 1611.

[12] Ostend was taken by the Spaniards under Espinola, on the 22nd September, 1604, after a siege which lasted more than three years.

[13] A book so named, written by a famous master of the sword, Pacheco de Narvaez, was published at Madrid in 1600.

[14] There was actually a famous fencing-master, a mulatto, Francisco Hernandez, of whom his rival, Narvaez, wrote slightingly. Probably they are both ridiculed in this passage.

[15] Majalahonda is a village ten miles from Madrid, famous for the rudeness of its inhabitants and their speech. See Don Quixote, Part ii., chap. xix.

[16] Demandador—one who begs for alms for the release of the souls of the poor from purgatory, elsewhere called facetiously animero.

[17] In the original que era un Conde de Irlos. The Conde de Irlos was one of the heroes of the ancient ballads. He was the Marquis de Carabas of Spanish legend.

[18] Literally, “he who is nothing cannot be a son of something,” i.e., hidalgo—hijo de algo.

[19] Bosco—Jerome Bosch, a Dutch painter who settled in Spain in the latter half of the Fifteenth century, famous for his eccentric works—the Spanish Callot.

[20] Meaning that she pretended to practise witchcraft, like others of her calling.

[21] Signum crucis—slang for a sword-cut across the face.

[22] Noted bravoes of the period.