The Civil War Centennial Handbook

Numbers and Losses

	North	South[1]
Population	22,400,000	9,103,000[2]
Military Age Group (18-45)	4,600,000	985,000
Trained Militia 1827-1861	2,470,000	692,000
Regular Army January, 1861	16,400	0
Military Potential 1861	2,486,400	692,000
Total Individuals in Service 1861-1865	2,213,400	1,003,600
Total Strength July, 1861	219,400	114,000
Total Strength January, 1863	962,300	450,200
Peak Strength 1864-1865	1,044,660	484,800
Army	980,100	481,200
Navy	60,700	3,000
Marines	3,860	600
Total Hit in Battle	385,100	320,000
Total Battle Deaths	110,100	94,000
Killed in Battle	67,100	54,000
Died of Wounds	43,000	40,000
Wounded (not mortally)[3]	275,000	226,000
Missing in Action	6,750	—-
Captured[4]	211,400	462,000
Died in Prison	30,200	26,000
Died of Disease	224,000	60,000
Other Deaths	34,800	—-
Desertions[5]	199,000	83,400
Discharged	426,500	57,800
Surrendered 1865		174,223

[1] Confederate figures are based upon the best information and estimates available.

[2] Includes 3,760,000 slaves in the seceded states.

[3] A number of these were returned to duty. In the Union Army, those who were not fit for combat were placed in the Veteran Reserve Corps and performed administrative duties.

[4] An undetermined number were exchanged and returned to duty.

[5] Many deserters returned to duty. In the Union Army, where $300 bounty was paid for a 3-year enlistment, it was not uncommon to find a soldier picking up his bounty in one regiment and then deserting to join another unit just for the additional bounty.

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