LESSON XVIII More Verbal Idioms |
Siang (?) is often placed before transitive verbs and usually gives the idea of mutual or reciprocal. In some cases it is reflexive. As instances of reciprocal action we have siang-°tang (??), “to fight with one another.” Siang-mo° (??), “to revile one another.” siang-lien (??), “to be connected together.” Siang-paung (??), “to help one another.” Khe (?) or Khe-le (??) is used with many verbs to give the idea of spreading wide open. Thus Than-khe-le (???) means “to unroll a bundle.” Hyih-khe-le (???) means “to open a box.” Fung-khe (??), “to divide,” san°-khe (??), “to scatter wide cast.” Tshih-khe (??) or tshih-khe-le (???) means “to cut open, etc.” Not inclined to do a thing is expressed by the phrase ’veh kau-hyung° (???). Thus ’Veh kau-hyung° chi° (????), “not inclined to go.” VOCABULARY - To follow, kung ?.
- To tie, vok ?.
- To tie firmly, vok-lau ??, or vok lau-dzu° ???.
- To desire, to expect, maung° ?, or po-maung° ??.
- To bite, °ngau ?.
- To bark, kyau ?.
- To blow, tsh ?.
- To blow out, to extinguish, tsh °iung ??.
- To blow into a blaze or flame, tsh yaung° ??.
- To fly, fi ?.
- To explain, °ka-seh ??.
- To forsake, desert, depart from, li-khe ??.
- To permit, °hyui ?.
- To allow, nyang° ?.
- Colour, ngan-suh ??.
- Variegated colours, °ng-ngan-loh-suh ????.
- Thought or meaning, i°-s° ??.
- A thief, ih kuh zuk ???.
Mien° (?) is used as the classifier for flat objects. - A drum, ih mien° koo ???.
- Hope, maung°-deu ??.
- Wind, foong ?.
- Wine, °tsieu ?.
- Rope, ih diau zung, ??? or ih kung zung ???.
Tsung (?) is the classifier denoting idols or cannon. - A Buddhist idol, ih tsung veh ???, or ih tsung boo-sah ????.
- A Taoist god or idol, ih tsung zung-dau° ????.
- A piece of bread, ih kwhe° men-deu ????.
- A piece of meat, ih khwe° nyok ???.
Khoo (?) is the classifier used with plants, trees and flowers. - A tree, ih khoo zu° ???.
- A flowering plant, ih khoo hwo ???.
- Cotton seed, hwo-°ts ??.
- A Chinese mile, ih °li ??, or ih °li-loo° ???.
- To regret, to be placed in an embarrassing position, nan-we-dzing ???.
EXERCISES (Translate into English) - (1) Di°-kuh °liang kuh ‘auh-sang-°ts °ngoo ’veh °hyui tsheh chi° beh-siang° we°-ts la° ‘auh-daung °li siang mo° °lau.
- (2) Di° kyui° seh-wo° kuh i°-s° °ngoo ’veh °toong °tshing sien-sang °ka-seh.
- (3) Di°-tsak °tiau fi le kau-le-°si.
- (4) Tsauh-dzak-°ts i-kuh zuh iau° yoong° ih kung zung vok-lau-°ts.
- (5) Di° khoo hwo kuh ngan suh ’man tshui°.
- (6) Ya°-°li kwhung° kuh z-‘eu° tung iau° tsh °iung.
- (7) °Ngoo faung° la° tshaung-°kheu laung° kuh ih tsang °ts-deu peh foong tsh-theh tse.
- (8) Zak-zen °tshing khak °lau m-meh °tsieu °z nan-we-dzing kuh.
- (9) ’Veh iau° pho°, di°-tsak °keu ’veh °ngau kuh.
- (10) °Ngoo tau° miau° °li khoen°-kyien° ih tsung veh °lau too-°hau boo-sah.
- (11) °Ngoo thing-tuh °yeu nyung la° khau °koo.
- (12) Di°-deu tau° °Zaung-°he °yeu °so-°ng °li-loo°.
- (13) Soe-zen di° khoo zu° ’man °hau khoen°, zen-r ’veh khe hwo kuh.
- (14) Zak-zen noong° iau° tau° san laung°, nyang° °ngoo kung noong° chi°.
- (15) Men-deu °tshing noong° tshih-khe-le peh ih kwhe° la° °ngoo chuh.
- (16) Bing° sang le ’man °dzoong, yien°-°dze i-sung m-meh maung°-deu.
- (17) Tsoong°-dien-nyung nau hwo-°ts san°-khe-le.
- (18) ‘Auh-sang-°ts beh-siang° ’man kau-hyung°, dok su ’veh da° kau-hyung°.
- (19) Li-khe-ts °Zaung-°he nan-meh °ngoo tau° Soo-tseu chi° tse.
- (20) °Ngoo po-maung° yi le, ’veh hyau°-tuh yi na°-nung wan ’veh zung le.
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(Translate into Chinese) - (1) The dog bit the sheep two or three times; it will probably die.
- (2) To-day there is no wind, and so it is not cold.
- (3) Men ought not to drink too much wine.
- (4) I have eaten a slice of meat and drunk a cup of tea, and now am able to walk.
- (5) Men can walk, only birds can fly.
- (6) There are many trees and flowers on the hill.
- (7) Many Chinese worship Buddhist and Taoist idols.
- (8) I wanted to follow you, but the teacher would not permit me.
- (9) Let me go and tell him that you have already returned.
- (10) I will use my knife and cut open the pear.
- (11) I heard the dogs barking in the night and so could not sleep.
- (12) Children like to play at beating the drum.
- (13) These flowers are of many different colours.
- (14) How many miles is it to Soochow?
- (15) When the pupils take an advanced lesson, the teacher should first explain it to them.
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Notes. - (1) In the Buddhist religion in China a Buddha or one of his manifestations is known as a ’veh, the bodhisattvas are known as Boo-sah.
- (2) A Chinese mile is about one-third of an English mile.
- (3) In the sixteenth sentence of the First Exercise notice the expression ’man °dzoong, “very heavy.” This is the way the Chinese speak of a serious illness. They also speak of a disease being light, chung, just as we do.
- (4) In the eighteenth sentence of the First Exercise ’veh da° means “not very,” This is a very frequent expression.
- (5) In the seventh sentence of the First Exercise, tshaung-°kheu laung° means “on the window sill.”
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