  338 Jamin.—“Eugenia Jambolana.” One of the largest of trees; its leaves about 3 inches long and half an inch broad, of an oval shape. The fruit is round and of three kinds, the Deeriaie, the Bhagaie, and Sehraie. Of the Bhagaie, there are two kinds, the largest called Churputtra and the common Jamun. The common name of the Deeriaie is Nadeye. All kinds are dry and astringent; cures disorders of mucus, bile, blood, and boils and eruptions, but when the fruit is large it is sweet, and difficult of digestion; it cures swellings in the body. Some have called the Ray Jamun hot. The Sehraie is strengthening, and increases semen. There is a kind of Jamun grown in Delhi, that is without stones, and very sweet; in my opinion this is the best of all, and next to it must rank the Ray Jamun. That fruit which is found in the latter end of the rains is called Bhadeya, and is also sweet. In my opinion it is cool and moist, and stomachic, but the one without the stone, named BÈdÁna, is more so than the other kinds. The juice of the fruit is to be preferred as a stomachic, and is more grateful to the taste. It is best prepared by being sprinkled There is a kind of jamun of the color of dry grass, of a yellowish white color, smaller than those described, of a pleasant smell. Nawab Assoph-ul-Dowlah at Lucknow, taking into consideration its scarcity, brought it from the eastward, and sowed it in his gardens. It is the now common goolaub jamun, and smells of roses; there is also a kind of jamun at Lucknow called Phalenda. 339 Jatie.—A name for Chumbelie, “Jasminum Grandiflorum.” 340 Chaab.—The fruit of the Guj peepul, cures hemorrhoids, and resembles peepulamool in its properties. 341 Jaie Puttrie.—Hot, light, vermifuge, cures mucous disorders, and is an antidote to poisons. It is a name for Bisbass. 342 Chakussoo.—A Jeshmoridj. If 21 grains of this be bruized and moistened with filings of Sandal-wood in water, in a new earthern vessel, and drank in the morning, it will be found very effectual in Dysuria ardens. 343 Jaiphill.—“Nutmeg, Myristica Aromatica, Myristica Moschata.” Hot, light, stomachic, clears the throat, cures mucous disorders, and allays vomiting; is vermifuge, remedies any irregularity in the sense of smelling and cough. 344 Charai, or Charwolie; both names of Cherownjee. 345 Jaal.—A kind of fish. 346 Jaiey.—Jasminum Grandiflorum? A sweet smelling flower, bitter and cool, useful in eruptions of the mouth from heat, in disordered eye sight, and affections of the uterus, also in wounds and ulcers. 347 Chakoth.—A culinary vegetable, sweet and saltish, useful in affections of wind, mucus, bile; fever, and piles. It also remedies costiveness, improves the taste of the mouth, and clears the olfactory nerves. 348 Chalkurie.—A name for Foo or Mujeeth. 349 Changerie.—A name for Umulchhangerie. 350 Cheebook.—A kind of Khurnie. 351 Chitchera or Chichira, also Chirchira. P. Khasmar. 352 Chetuck.—A name given to birds that inhabit wild places, (those more tame are called Chiria,) they are sweet to the taste; cold and moist. Aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders called Sunpat, and increase phlegm. Tame fowl is hot and dry, also aphrodisiac. 353 Jutamassie.—Bitter and cold, clears the skin, useful in mucous disorders or diffusion of bile in the blood, in affections of the throat, and is an antidote to poisons. “Spikenard, Valeriana Jatamansi.” 354 Chuttra.—During digestion it is hot, and produces a burning sensation, curative in itch and flatulence. 355 Chuttur Phill.—A name of Syneed, a kind of Khoreacera. 356 Chichinda, also Chunchilund, “Beta Vulgaris.” The root of a culinary vegetable of India. It is of a long tapering shape like the carrot, and is in general use. I have experienced it to be of use in dry emaciation, and that it is sweet and stomachic, light and beneficial in superabundance of bile, increases appetite, 357 Chachoondur, also called Chulde. “Sorex Cerulescens, Shaw.” “Sorex Ceruleus, Turton.” The Musk-rat. P. Kormoosh. If its meat is applied to the ulcer at the back of the neck called Khoonadeer, it will be found very effectual. If its brain be dissolved in oil and applied as a friction to the spots of white leprosy, and other discolorations of the skin, it will remove them. If the scrotum is tied up and preserved about the person as a charm, it will increase and lengthen the continuance of aphrodisia. 358 Chirchirra.—A name for Chitchira. 359 Chirpoota.—A medicine of India, cool and dry, and aperient; cures difficulty of breathing and cough. 360 Chiria.—A name for Roonjisk, called also Chituck. 361 Chirownjee.—“The nut of the Chironjia Sapida.” A round or oval seed like the peepul, of a dark-brown colour. The tree is of the milky kind, the leaves white, or of an earthy color, an oil is expressed from its kernel. A. Hubboossum’na. P. Nookul Khaja. It is sweet and oleaginous, heavy and luxative, beneficial in bilious and mucous disorders, in foulness of the blood, heat of the body, and bruises, and it increases wind. It is also written that Chirownjie is the kernel of the stone of a fruit, of the appearance and taste of the phalsa, and that it is dried and carried hence to various countries. It is very common in Bundelcund, it ripens in the commencement of the hot weather, and the capsule is said to be separated from the kernel in a hand-mill. The tree is large: the nuts are strung on thread and used by the natives as necklaces, and they are roasted and eaten as food. 362 Cherayta, called also Punsaal. “Gentiana Chirayata, Roxb. Sp. Ch. Herbaceous, leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, 3–5-nerved, corol rotate, four cleft, smooth stamens, four, capsule ovate, bifurcate, as long as the calyx.” It is bitter, cool, and dry, light, and producing wind, beneficial in cough, general heat, and fever. A. RusbuzzÈreera. 363 Jest in P. Roo Tootia. It is hot and light, and during digestion cool and heavy; facilitates the fusion of metals. 364 Chesteymud, called also Chestee, also Chitenmud. “Glycyrrhira Glabra. W. Glycine Abrus, Linn.” in Arabic AssÓoloos’oos. 365 Chukunder.—A name for Saluk. 366 Chikara.—A kind of deer; its tail is black, and its meat sweet, cool, light, and astringent, stomachic, cardiac, and beneficial in disorders of wind, bile, and mucus. 367 Chukora. In P. Rubk. “A variety of Titroo Rufus.” 368 Chukua Chukui.—“Anas Casarea.” The Braminee Duck. Its flesh is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy, strengthens the system, restrains the flow of urine and fÆces, cures affections of wind, bile, and blood. In P. it is named Soorkhab and Chukawuck, A. KumbÉera. 369 Chukeerka.—The white kind of the seed, called Soorkh, a common seed, used as a weight; properties the same. 370 Choekurk.—A name of the grain Koolthie. 371 Chukond.—A name of the Penwar or Chukwand. 372 Chukotrah.—A fruit of Hindost’han; its tree like the Rutael, with double leaves, the under one very small. It is very easily engrafted on the Rutael tree. The fruit is green and round; its capsule granulated; its green color is that of a small melon; inside it is red; the divisions very small. It is sweet, acid, and bitter, and is ate with salt or sugar. It is cool in its properties, allays thirst from bile, creates appetite. In no book of Hindost’han have I been able to find any account of it. “Citrus Decumanus. The Pumalo, Batabi Neemboo, Pumpleuoes.” 373 Jooqunoo.—“Lampyris.” The fire fly. P. Kermukshub Cherag. A. Hubahub. It shines in the night during the rains. 374 Chukadana.—The name of a seed of an earthy color; hard, and having a small kernel; it is like the HubÈbulsa, but is somewhat larger; the latter besides is pointed at both ends, whereas this is not. The women of Delhi give this in purges for children. 375 Jillpeelbuka, also called Jill peepul, or Phylphilabi. It is cool and dry, and astringent; cardiac and aphrodisiac, strengthens the eyes, cures disorders of blood, heat in the chest, 376 Chellwuk.—A large tree of India. Its fresh leaves are used as an application to inflamatory Daad, or other watery eruptions, as well as the common Daad. This I have found from experience. Sybr is first applied to produce some inflammation, and then this application is made use of. A patient of mine was long annoyed with Daad in both his shoulders, for the cure of which he had tried many remedies. I recommended this, he took a quantity of the leaves, bruised them, and applied them over the parts, but from the great heat and irritation they produced, he quickly removed them; he then applied the Mooltance earth, to remove the irritation, this so far succeeded, but the part rose in blisters, the water from the blisters being discharged, the complaint was found relieved, when the parts were well, he again applied the leaves, this destroyed the disease, and left the place all black. The skin soon re-assumed its wonted color, and the disease was perfectly cured. From the above circumstance, I am led to conclude, that the application is a very powerful one, and acts as a blister. If they are applied to parts which have been deprived of sensation, it will be equally effectual as Sutoobria. 377 Cheylchish.—A very hurtful kind of fish, which increases disorders of the three principal secretions. 378 Chillie.—A kind of culinary greens, from the common vegetable called cheel; cool, dry, light, aperient; promotes appetite, increases knowledge, strengthens the system, cures disorders of the spleen, blood, and the three secretions, and is vermifuge. One kind named Kutf, also Buthua. 379 Jill Benth.—A kind of ratan. 380 Jill Butees.—Cool, astringent, producing flatulence. 381 Jill Neeb.—A small plant; its branches minute; also its leaves like the Loonia saag; it creeps on the ground, and is to be found near rivers. It is very bitter, and from its constant vicinity to water has obtained its name. It is purgative, powerfully so, in the quantity of 6 mashas. In herpetic eruptions and 382 Chumgader.—The Bat. A. Khuffash. Its blood rubbed on the feet is aphrodisiac. Its properties are particularly described in the Yunani works. 383 Jamalgota.—Vide Datoon. “Croton Tiglium.” 384 Chumbeley.—“Jasminum Grandiflorum.” A white flower, of a strong, sweet smell, one kind is yellow, and named Soorunjati: alike in their properties, both are hot and light, useful in head-aches, pains in the eyes, and teeth, in boils, eruptions and foulness of the blood. A decoction of its leaves in water will cure tooth-ache; the mouth being repeatedly washed with it. The juice of the root taken with milk will remove suppression of urine, and many have made the experiment with success. 385 Champa or Chumpuk, “Michelia Champaca.” A flower of India, of a pyramidal shape, its color is a light or whitish yellow, very beautiful, and as such is often quoted as the perfection of color. In this part of the country, it is very common; it cures difficulty in voiding urine, disorders of mucus, blood, and nausea. It is pungently bitter and cool; useful in injuries of the nose, and in general heat. One kind is called Paak Chumpa, hot and pungent, creates appetite, improves eye-sight, diminishes mucus, and cures bruises. The smell is cardiac and stomachic. 386 ChermbÆrie.—An acid fruit of India; beneficial in itchiness of stomach, disorders of mucus and wind, depraved taste, pains of the chest, loss of appetite, and worms. Its acid removes the effects of intoxication; it is cool in its properties. The sweet kind is bitter, and a little heating. 387 Junthmook.—In taste it is sweet, and is like the Saalie, (a kind of rice;) in its effects, but the best of all kinds of rice is the Christn daan, and that which has been sown in a soil manured by ashes, is the lightest and best in curing mucous disorders. The rice produced in the common manner is heavy, useful in disorders of bile and wind, and frequent change of soil, or the plant removed or transplanted to another soil is the best. It is diuretic and generally beneficial. 388 Jungliechuha.—P. Runfeer. Its flesh is useful in cough, difficulty of breathing, foulness of blood; is dry and beneficial in all the three secretions. The meat of the female is to be preferred to that of the male. 389 Chumbuck.—Cool and decreases corpulency; is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzr Mukunatees. 390 Chundurkanth.—Its taste is sweet and astringent; it is cool and aperient, strengthens the eyes, reduces corpulency, cures boils and eruptions, and is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzrool Kummur. 391 Chundsoor.—Vide Haloo. “Lepedium Sativum.” 392 Chundun.—“Santalum Album, W. or Sirium myrtifolium.” P. Sandal Suffed. A little bitter; cool, dry, and light; is cardiac and exhilirates the spirits; is tonic; an antidote to poisons; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood, allays thirst, heat in the chest, clears the complexion. Its real name is Ujelah. Chundun, and Rukut Chundun is the name for red Sandal. 393 Chundunsarba.—A name for white Kalesur. 394 Junth.—The name of a large tree, like the peepul; its leaves like those of the tamarind; it is prickly, and its bark white. 395 Jawansa.—P. Khar Shooter. It is sweet and bitter, cool, light, and aperient, cures bilious disorders and those of the blood. Also vertigo. Hedysarum Alhagi. 396 Choke.—Bitter, soft, and emetic, useful in foulness of the blood, mucus, poisons, worms, flatulence, itch and Juzam. “Maadentezerrubad.” “Choke is a medicine of India, it is a black juice, very acid, soft, cool, and dry, increasing appetite, promoting digestion, stomachic and astringent, lessens the secretion of bile, and injuries of the tendons. Its corrector is sugar; its succedaneum Bejowra, dose ½ to 1 direm.” 397 Chowlai or Chowrai, “Amaranthus Polygamus.” One kind of it called also gunder; a kind of culinary greens, used by the people of India; cool and dry, useful in bilious disorders, mucus, and blood, and is diuretic and aperient. It is stomachic, promotes digestion, and cures eruptions from vitiated bile. Another kind of it is named mursai; cool, heavy, and aperient; useful 398 Juhi.—A small white flower, also a yellow kind. In the Dhunteri, it is said there are three kinds of it, a white, yellow, and purple. It has a sweet smell, and some have called it a species of jessamine. In Delhi it obtains the name of Jahee Juhi, but these two words are, properly speaking, distinct names for different flowers, and the author of the Echtyar Casmi has described them separately. It is cool and beneficial in affections of the eyes, and increases wind and mucus. “Jasminum Auriculatum.” 399 Juwar.—“Holcus sorghum.” A. Zoorra. A grain; sweet to the taste, cool and producing wind, useful in mucous disorders and bile, and in my opinion is difficult of digestion. It is aphrodisiac, and if eaten to excess, produces flatulent pains in the bowels. One kind is named Mukaiy, and possesses the same properties. 400 Joonk.—A name for an Indian plant, about a yard high, more or less; its leaves are small, and its seed about half an inch in length, resembling a leech; sweet, cool, heavy, and useful in gonorrhoea, cures wind, bile, and phlegm. Its leaves are very mucilaginous, and the children of India play with the pods, sticking them to their bodies like leeches. It grows in the rains, and usually in uncultivated places. 401 Juhan.—A kind of anise seed, commonly called Adjwain Kermanie. I have described its properties under the head Adjwain. 402 Jawakhar.—A name for Nuttroon; pungent, hot, and aperient; useful in affections of wind, mucus, dropsy, pains in the bowels, dysuria, and is lithontriptic. In the Maadentezerrubad, it is written, that it is hot and dry, diuretic and aperient, useful in disorders of mucus, wind, dropsy, pains in the bowels; is lithontriptic, and beneficial in the spleen and indolent tumors. 403 Chouch.—A large and small kind; pungent and hot; astringent and sweet; inducing costiveness; stomachic; beneficial in cholicks, inflammatory pains in the spleen, and other pains in the bowels. It is a favorite ingredient in many formulÆ. 404 Chehtaon.—A tree of India; aperient, and useful in disorders of mucus and wind; also in Juzam, boils, and eruptions. 405 Jholputtur.—A kind Asheer; cool, light, and cardiac; cures disorders of mucus and bile, and diminishes the volume of blood. 406 Cherakakoli or Chershookla; also Chermudera; sweet, cool, heavy, aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders of blood, bile, heart-burn, dryness of the mouth, thirst, fever, emaciation and dropsy. In the Dhunteri, it is also said to promote digestion, and to be pleasant in flavor, and agreeable in its effects; to cure suppression of urine and pains in the chest. It also is used as a cephalic. It is said to cure affections of mucus, Juzam and worms, and to cause an increase of bile; it is commonly known by the name of Nuckchickenie. Vide N. 407 Choonderdhan or Jowdhan.—A kind of rice, called also Rukitsaal. 408 Cherie.—The goat; its flesh is moist and heavy, but easy of digestion; useful in disorders of the three secretions; produces no heat at stomach, increases semen, and renders the sense of smelling more acute: it is also called Bukeri. A. Mehyr. 409 Jeengha.—A kind of shell-fish; hot and dry; those newly taken are to be preferred; they are aphrodisiac, aperient, and grateful to the taste. This may generally be true, but bad effects have followed their use, and that which is salted is melanagogue, or produces black bile; the corrector is oil of almonds. P. Muluch Diriae, A. Jeradool Bahr. Some have said that the Robean is the same fish. 410 Junkar.—A name for the deer Barasingha. 411 Jojakhar.—A name for nitre. 412 Chohara.—“The date. Phoenix Dactylifera.” P. called KhoÓrma sunshekun; aphrodisiac; it is ate with milk. If the ChÓhara is bruised, and with salep and sugar boiled in milk, till nearly half the milk shall be evaporated, then drank, it will be found useful as an aphrodisiac, increasing the bulk of the solids, and if it digests easily, it will be found peculiarly useful. If roasted and eat with opium, it becomes astringent. 413 Chirr, and another kind, which is black; both are cold, and useful in disorders of all the secretions, heat of the body, and Juzam. P. Soombulutteeb. 414 Chereela.—In its properties it resembles SÈleÈchih, (Cassia Lignea.) P. Ooshna. 415 Jhow.—A name of Turfa. If bruised and mixed with vinegar it suppurates indolent swellings, and also scirrhous swellings of the spleen. 416 Cherkund.—A kind of Beedareekund, which is white. 417 Chundurseha.—A name for MudukpÚrnie. 418 Choocheroo.—A name for SÍrphonka. 419 Jhirberie.—“Jujube.” A name for wild Baer; is acid, cool, useful in bile, cardiac, and astringent: if dried and pounded, it is called BÚrchun; this possesses all its properties, but is more astringent. 420 Jyaphupp.—Another kind of it is Tersindiapurni; its seed is made into beads. It is also called Surupjea; it is astringent, strengthens the hair of the head, and darkens its color. 421 CheehurÆ.—A tree of India; there is another kind called Choobnuz, and a third kind SÁtoona. Its wood smells strong and rancid; it is hot and dry in the 3rd degree; it is very oleaginous and greasy. If its juice be expelled by heat and collected, it is excellent as an application in paralysis, and it also cleanses large foul ulcers. Its milk is pungent and heating, and it is an active poison, hot and dry in the 4th degree; applied to the skin, it blisters; it is used in swellings from cold. Its wood is used internally in loss of voluntary motion or insensibility and epilepsy, and it is said to be lithontriptic. It injures the lungs, and its corrector is oil of almonds and gum. The dose is 3 mashas. 422 Jeewuk.—Cool and aphrodisiac; increases semen and mucus; cures disorders of bile, wind, heart-burn, emaciation, and hectic fever. 423 Cheenuk.—A tree of Hindostan; hot; useful in boils and eruptions, affections of the heart and disorders of wind; it is astringent. 424 Jeewuntie or JeÉwÚnie or JÉwÁ; cool, sweet, moist, light; The above is also the name of a flower, which in the Dhunteri is said to be aphrodisiac, and to clear the voice. 425 Jeewung.—Also Buthua. Its stem is red. 426 Cheedah.—The small pine (Senobir Jegheer); sweet; pungent during digestion; bitter, hot, moist, light; useful in windy disorders, and affections of the eyes, throat, and ear. 427 Cheenah.—“Millet. Panicum Italicum. Pan. Pilosum.” P. Arzum. A. Dakhun. Its properties are nearly the same as the small seed called Kongnee. 428 Cheetul.—An Indian Deer, black and white, pyebald. Its flesh has the same properties as the Chikara. 429 Cheetah.—Its meat is hot and heavy; useful in disorders of wind, affections of the eyes and voice. In A. Phahus; it is also the name of a medicine mentioned hereafter. 430 Cheel.—“The Kite. Falco Cheela,” Lath. Its meat is heavy, and increases disorders of the three secretions. In P. GhÚllevaz. A. HydÁt. 431 Jeepaul.—A name for Jamalgota. 432 Cheetah.—“Valerian? Plumbago Zeylanica or Plumbago Rosea, W.” A medicine; one kind of which is red, the other purple; inside of a yellowish color; both woods are very thin, and both are pungent, bitter, dry, light, astringent, stomachic, and increase the powers of digestion. The red kind, mixed with strong vinegar, and rubbed hard on the spots of white leprosy till blisters arise, will have the effect of removing the complaint. A. Sheetrudj. 433 Cheea or Cheetkeh, both names for Hurr. 224 Potie ????.—“Cyprinus Chyssopareius,” (Buch.) A very small fish; heavy, and increasing phlegm; it is the smallest of all 225 Potuck ???.—A kind of honey, resembling ghee; hot, dry, and light. 226 Ponda ?????.—Saccharum Officinarum, (Sugar-cane). Sweet, cool, moist, heavy, and aphrodisiac; strengthening the system; enlivening the flow of animal spirits; beneficial in bilious disorders, and is diuretic. It increases the secretion of mucus, and breeds worms in the intestines. That which is of a red color, is cool and heavy, and allays general heat; useful in disorders of bile and blood: remedies suppression of urine. The black Sugar-cane is in its properties like that which is white. The very best is cool and moist, aphrodisiac, laxative, and increases mucus. 227 Bole ???.—“Myrrha.” A name for myrrh; cool, increases knowledge; creates appetite; improves a relish for food; cleanses the uterus; beneficial in disorders of the blood and bile, and in Juzam. 228 Podeena ??????.—“Mentha Sativa, W. Mentha Crissa, Murray, ii. 178, Mentha viridis, Woodville, iii. 463.” Arabic, Nana. It is hot and dry; promotes digestion; allays vomiting from phlegm; is vermifuge, peculiarly aphrodisiac; increases eye-sight, and is astringent. 229 Phalisae ??????? or PhÁlsa.—The fruit of a tree of Hindoostan, of two kinds. One sweet, the other acid; the first is called Shukurie, the second Sherbuttee. The tree of one is small, not above a yard high. The other is as large as a mulberry tree. The fruit of the acid kind is the largest; its leaves large, round, and partially indented. The fruit is at first green, and astringent; when nearly ripe it is rich, and when it arrives at maturity it assumes a dark-purple color; when red, it is very acid; and when purple, of a sweetish acidity. The fruit is like the nightshade berry, or even larger. It is very grateful to the taste, and beneficial in disorders arising from a redundance of bile and blood; loosens phlegm, and is less prejudicial than any other 230 Bhangra ???????.—Eclipta, or Verbesina Prostrata. A small creeping plant; its flowers very minute. Some of them white, others of a dark color; the leaves small, in branches and leaves resembling the mint. Another species is called Kookur Bhangra; the plant of which is high, long, and large. It is found at the bottom of old walls. It is bitter, hot, pungent, and dry; cleanses the skin; cures affections of wind, phlegm, complaints of the eyes, pains in the head and Juzam. It forms an ingredient in many famous formulÆ. If it be dug up by the roots on a Sunday, and dried in the shade; washed seven times in the Bale sherbet, and as often dried in the shade; and as much as may be contained in the palm of the hand, be eaten daily by those afflicted with white leprosy and Juzam, the disorders will be removed. The seed bruised with black Till and sugar, and eaten, will strengthen the senses of hearing and seeing, and will promote longevity. If during the four rainy months, the Bhangra be used with the hurrha, bhaera, and anula, in equal parts, and a fourth part of peepul, every disorder will be removed, and the hair will become black. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is said, that Bhangra is a shrub, like the Anjedan, but somewhat larger, of a purple or reddish color; disagreeable to the taste; hot, and dry. Of this there are three kinds: a yellow, green, and black; it improves the eye-sight, is beneficial in phlegm and swellings, white leprosy, Juzam, burns, 231 Phirrhud ?????.—The name of a tree in India. Vermifuge; it cures flatulency, disorders of mucus and blood. An antidote to poisons; induces corpulency, and remedies seminal weakness. 232 Bhoje Puttur ???? ???, called also Burje Puttur, (the birch bark.)—A tree common in Cashmere; the bark of which may be separated into numerous layers, like the talc, and each layer resembles paper.—The layers are variegated, and colored with straight lines; white and red. The Cashmerians use it as paper; in its medical properties, it is beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and blood; ear-ache, and possession by evil spirits. In India it is used for making hookah snakes; and if clothes be lined with it, it will prevent them from being stained with perspiration. In Persian, it is called Tooze. 233 Bhoum amulek ???? ????.—The anula tree, without the principal root; it is bitter and astringent, cool, and producing flatulence; it allays thirst, cough, disorders of bile, blood, and phlegm; it cures marasmus, and is useful in hurts. 234 Phoje ????.—Cool and heavy, astringent and useful in bilious eruptions, and disorders from phlegm. 235 Pockurmool ??????.—A root; bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic; useful in disorders of wind and phlegm, in fevers, swellings, difficulty of breathing, and in affections of the liver. 236 Bharingee ????????.—The bark of a tree in the hills; bitter, pungent, hot, and dry; promotes appetite; remedies disorders of indigestion, swellings, cough, disorders of wind, phlegm, difficulty of breathing, fever, and pains in the uterus. 237 BhÆr ????.—The name for a sheep, called also Mendha. 238 Bhains ????.—The Buffalo, called also Mahaki. 239 Bheria ??????.—The Wolf; also named Bhuddha. Its flesh is heavy, beneficial in disorders of wind, in affections of the eye, and clears the voice. Its teeth rubbed down in water forms an effectual application in specks of the cornea. This was used by my father with success. If the teeth be suspended from the neck of a child, it will preserve the child from the effects of an evil eye. A. Zeeb. P. Goorg. 240 Phunjeetuck ??? ????.—A species of Loonia; a culinary green. 241 Bhuhira ?????.—“Terminalia Bellerica, (Roxb. MS.) Beleric myrobalan. P. Beyleyleh.” In taste it is astringent; grateful during the process of digestion; hot, dry, and beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and cough; strengthens the eyes, hair of the head, and the brain. It produces a slight degree of intoxication. A. Baleludje. 242 Bhelawj ??????.—“Bela, Semicarpus Anacardium.” It is astringent and sweet to the taste; hot and light. It promotes appetite; is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of the wind and phlegm; useful in dropsy, flatulence, Juzam, piles, diarrhoea, Badgola, fever, and white leprosy. It is vermifuge, and used in boils and eruptions. A. BilÂdoÚr. I have found that its kernel used as an ingredient in a decoction intended to promote aphrodisia, (having used it myself,) is effectual; it strengthens the stomach and powers of virility, and cures colds beyond any other medicine. A friend of mine had a very severe cold in his head, for which he had taken much medicine without relief. I first gave him the Nux Vomica to supplant the habit of eating opium, to which he had become addicted: from this he derived partial benefit; but it soon became as difficult to refrain from this as from the opium. I then gave him the kernel of the Bela made into pills with honey, and cured him of his disorder. I also gave it to a woman who had a swelling on both sides of the uterus, which was daily increasing, and this it also cured. In short, this is a drug, that when it agrees with the patient, no medicine is equal in efficacy; but when it disagrees, no drug is more prejudicial. It will be prudent not to give it to any one of a hot temperament. 243 Bhoom Kajoor ???? ?????.—A tree as tall as the Taar tree. The stem rough and serrated; the leaves only growing at the top; they are long and hard, and used in making mats. The tree is also called Pinkajoor. It is sweet, cool, and moist; it allays pain, and is an excellent application in bruises. It is beneficial in disorders of blood, wind, bile, and debility. The Pinkajoor is brought from Mooltan or Tattla, and in A. is called Rittub. The Rittub, which is brought from Mecca, is aphrodisiac; strengthens the kidnies, back, tone of the stomach, and corrects a cold phlegmatic temperament. This is ascertained from experience. It also increases the volume of blood; but if much is used, it produces a fermentation therein, unless habit has rendered it innocent. 244 Bhehi ???.—“The Quince. The seed very mucilaginous, and excellent in diarrhoea and dysentery.” A species of pear, of a yellow color. 245 Boochitter ?????.—Some call it BeechittÚr; it is cool and heavy, aperient, strengthening, increasing the three principal secretions. A. Jamarookh and Koombi; also Gagundool, vide K. 246 Bhuiteroor ????? ????.—Whoever shall use this as their only food for one month, their youth will be prolonged, and their hair remain black. It will strengthen the solids, and give universal strength. If it be ate for 40 days, it will produce a sweet smell from the body. It is laxative, and in A. called Soonamookey. “Cassia Senna.” 247 Bhoeperus ???? ???.—A name of honey. 248 Bhang ?????.—“Canabis Sativa;” a name for Kainib, called also Bidjia; it is pungent, bitter, hot, light, and astringent; it promotes appetite, cures disorders of phlegm, produces idiotism; is the cause of foolish speech and conduct, or in other words, it intoxicates; if used in excess it produces fever, and it increases all the deleterious effects of poison. The author of the DharÁ Shekoi says, that when he was digging the foundation of a house in Bengal, he found a board, on which the effects of this drug was written, and on this it was recorded, that Mahadeo used constantly to eat of this, and that from its use, he derived the wonderful aphrodisiac power, with Take of Bidjia 64 tolahs, when the sun is in the division Sirtaam, white sugar 32 tolahs, and pure honey 16 tolahs, cow’s ghee 34 tolahs. First fry the Bidjia in the ghee, then add the honey in a boiling state, afterwards the sugar: use this in moderate doses daily, and when it has been used for two months, strength and intelligence will have become increased, and every propensity of youth restored; the eye-sight cleared, and all eruptions of the skin removed; it will prove an exemption from convulsions and debility, and preserve the bowels at all times in a state of order. It will likewise give an additional zest for food. 249 Bhoom Kudum ???? ???.—A kind of Kudum. 250 Bhendi ?????.—A very common vegetable of the culinary kind, from 2 to 3 inches in height: very mucilaginous. It is sweet; produces wind and phlegm; it diminishes bile; is diuretic, and increases the seminal secretion. “Hibiscus Esculentus.” 251 Phaar ????.—The author of the Cashmee calls it the medicine of Shaik Furried, because it was a great favorite of his. It is common at Agra and Delhi; it is bitter, and difficult of digestion, and hot; it cures fever from phlegm and bile, also diarrhoea and indigestion, and cholicky pains in the bowels. Its virtues are many, but too numerous for the compass of this work. The people of Hindost’han use it as a culinary vegetable with much benefit. 252 Bhindale ???????.—The name of Bhindal. 253 Phankra ???????.—Mahomed Cassim says, that this tree is the DÁrsheeshÁn, and that the name of its bark is Kagphill; it is hot, and easy of digestion; it lessens the secretion of wind and phlegm. It is aperient, and corrects a bad taste in the mouth. 254 Bhapungi ????????.—The author of the Cashmee says, that this is the Anjidan Roomi. It is pungent bitter, and hot, and is useful in removing coughs from phlegm, asthma, swellings, wounds, worms in the stomach, heat, and fever. 255 Phitkerrie ???????.—“Sulphate of Alumine, Alumen. F. Alaun, G. Allume, I. Alumbre. S. Sphatica. Shan Shub, A.” Pungent, astringent, transparent. It increases and clears the 256 Bheroza ???????.—Called also Gundha Bheroza, (Turpentine.) In its properties it approaches the Koondhur; but its effects are more drying. If a tent be made with this, and applied or introduced into the vagina, it will cure any affection to which that may be subject, and prevent habitual abortion. 257 Bhateele ?????.—In Persian called Goolqunda. A. Verdmoonuttin. 258 Bhoodill ????.—The name of a piece of Talc. 259 Bhoothpees ?????????.—A name for the Ram. 260 Phaloke ??????.—A name for Arloo. 261 Bhu’th Kutaeye ??? ????.—The name of both kinds of Kutai, “Solanum Jacquini.” 262 Bhohphilly ????????.—A creeping grass, the fibres of which are very thin, and its leaves very small. Its seed vessels are numerous, thin, and small, about the size of the nail of the finger; it is aphrodisiac, and thickens the seminal fluid. 263 Phooth ??????.—“Cucumis Momordica,” (Roxb.) P. Dustumboeah. Its properties approach those of the melon when unripe. In my opinion, as nature has given it a sweet smell, it must be beneficial in strengthening the heart and brain; but it encourages the attack of putrid fever. It is used to form a sherbet with sugar and rose-water, for the above-mentioned beneficial purposes. 264 Bhuntaki ???????.—(“The wild Bhengun; is the Solanum Melongena,”) a name for Badinjan; sweet, pungent, and penetrating, and during digestion, bitter, hot, and light; beneficial in diminishing phlegm and bile, strengthens the circulation, clears the complexion, promotes appetite, and cures fever and cough. When ripe, it is hot and heavy, and increases the bilious secretion. The white kind is inferior in virtue to the black. Some call it hot, others cold. I have from experience found it excellent in giving strength to the stomach; that it is very drying, and produces vitiated bile; from this circumstance it prevents sleep, or produces unpleasant dreams: its correctors are ghee or oil. Although I have stated all these properties, yet as a culinary vegetable it is in very general use, it cannot possess them in any great degree; it is called Benghun. 265 Pechuck ????.—A name for Bidjosaar. 266 Beedjbund ??? ???.—(From the Maadentezerrabad.) A medicine of India, red and black; its seed resembles that of the onion, red and shining; the red kind is to be preferred. It is aphrodisiac, increases seminal secretion, strengthens the back and loins. It is cool and dry, flatulent and difficult of digestion; its corrector is sugar; its sucoedaneum, the seed of the Antungun. The dose is one miskal with equal parts of sugar. 267 Benth ????.—“Calamus Rotang.” Of this there are many kinds; one kind called ToÆikam, another Jillbenth, a fourth Itchill; the whole four are cool and cure swellings, piles, pains in the uterus, boils, eruptions, acne, difficulty in voiding urine, are lithonthriptic, useful in affections of wind and mucus, also foulness of blood. Jillbenth is astringent and flatulent, and Itchill is an antidote to poison. 268 Peetul ????.—(Brass.) P. Bering. It is not an original metal, but a composition. In its properties it is equally cool, hot, and dry; it cures disorders of wind, phlegm, jaundice, and affections of the spleen. A kind of this is called Sonepeetul. 269 Peepul ????.—“Ficus Religiosa.” A tree of India, very large and common; the young leaves are green, but when well formed become yellowish; it is cool; cures disorders of bile, phlegm, and blood; is useful in boils and eruptions. The bark of the tree is aphrodisiac, strengthens the loins, and restrains watery discharge from the urethra; and this I have found from experience. Some say, this is called in P. Lirzan. Its fruit is about twice the size of the PhaÌsa. It tastes like the fig. It is called Peepulie, and is when ripe of a yellowish color. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus mentioned. “The Peepul tree in Persian is called Lirzan; in the opinion of the inhabitants of India, cool and dry. Its fruit diminishes the secretion of bile, promotes digestion, relaxes the bowels; and if the bark be infused in water and applied to boils, it will hasten suppuration and promote the discharge of the matter; if the bark be burnt and thrown into water, it will quickly purify it.” 270 Bale ???.—A name for Raebale; cool and light; cures disorders of phlegm, and is an antidote to poisons. 271 Baele ???.—“Called also Byll, Cratoeva, or Ægle Marmelos; Wood Apple.” The name of a fruit which grows like the quince; its seeds are larger than those of the Ryhan. I have seen the tree, it is like the Bukaen; its leaves very soft and tender, broad and long, somewhat like the Moong: on each small sprig it has three leaves. Some have said that it was originally wild, but subsequently brought into our gardens; that which is now in gardens is larger than that which grows uncultivated. The fruit is hollowed out and used as snuff-boxes, and for several other purposes. It is a very common tree in India; it is bitter, astringent, and a little sweetish, hot, and moist; when ripe it is heavy, producing phlegm, bile, and wind, causing heat of stomach, and is difficult of digestion. It destroys appetite and induces costiveness; but unripe it is light, strengthens the circulation, and the whole body; induces costiveness; increases appetite, hastens digestion, and cures disorders of wind and phlegm. I have given it with other medicines for the cure of diarrhoea with good effect. “And in dysentery, a table-spoonful of the pulp, made into sherbet, and taken several times a day, has been effectual.” 272 Peeloo ????.—“Salvadora Persica.” “Careya Arborea,” (Roxb.) The Indian name for this, Araak. It is a wild growing shrub, about the height of a long spear, (8 feet,) with many branches; it is broad and round in its general appearances; its leaves thin, and about ½ an inch long. The fruit is called Peel or Peeludj; it is hot, light, and aperient; promotes appetite, cures Badgola, piles, affections of the spleen and wind; is lithonthriptic; useful in disorders of the blood; it produces bile, and in all favorite formulÆ, it forms an ingredient. The fruit is also called Jhal; it is bitter, laxative, lessens phlegm 273 Peoke ????, or Peossie.—The first milk given by any animal after the birth of its young. A. Lubba. It increases the bulk of the solids, and inclination towards aphrodisia, but it causes hiccough, and the formation of stone in the bladder, and is difficult of digestion; its corrector is sweetmeats. 274 Peease ???? ????.—“Allium Cepa. Agnon, F. Swiebel, G. 275 Peeplamool ???? ???.—The name given to the root of the Peepul tree, but some give the name to the whole tree, and some give the name to the fibres of the root of any tree; but judging from the name, I conceive it to be what I have just stated. Mool being root, and Peepul must indicate the kind of root. The idiom is Indian, and I think must be correct. It is bitter and pungent, dry and stomachic; promotes digestion, cures disorders of wind and phlegm, but impairs the eye-sight and seminal secretions. 276 Bear ????.—Called also Konar, “Ziziphus Jujuba.” Sweet, cool, heavy, aperient, causes wind, produces corpulency, cures disorders of bile, wind, blood, general heat, and the disease called Rajerogue; also allays thirst. Another kind of this, named Husthkool, and a third called Kurkund, q. vide. 277 Peeta ????.—Called also Khunda, q. vide. 278 Passownie ??????.—A name for ChÍrkÁkÓlie. 279 Bealduntuck ????????.—A name for KhÁrkhÚsuck, meaning a snake’s tooth. This is known to every one. 280 Peeche ???.—Congee, or rice water; it is cool and allays thirst; it is proper food for the sick; drank with rose water, Beelemoosk and sugar, or with pomegranate sherbet, it produces cold, strengthens the circulation, and entirely allays general heat. 281 Beerbahootie ?????????.—An insect very common in the rainy season, resembling scarlet velvet; hot in the 3rd and moist in the 2nd deg. One insect, with the legs taken off, ate with Paan, is very efficacious in paralytic disorders, and other complaints from cold. Bruised and mixed with water, it is used as an aphrodisiac, in seminal weakness, &c. Its oil is also used as an external application in debility brought on by onanism, and for giving strength to the muscular fibres. Its succed. is the Kinchua. “I have prescribed the Beerbahootie with decided good effects in paralysis, commencing with one and increasing to three or four in the day: 1 or 2 given with a little pounded nutmeg is said to be very efficacious in spasms in the bowels of children.” |
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