338 Jamin ????.—“Eugenia Jambolana.” One of the largest of trees; its leaves about 3 inches long and half an inch broad, of an oval shape. The fruit is round and of three kinds, the Deeriaie, the Bhagaie, and Sehraie. Of the Bhagaie, there are two kinds, the largest called Churputtra and the common Jamun. The common name of the Deeriaie is Nadeye. All kinds are dry and astringent; cures disorders of mucus, bile, blood, and boils and eruptions, but when the fruit is large it is sweet, and difficult of digestion; it cures swellings in the body. Some have called the Ray Jamun hot. The Sehraie is strengthening, and increases semen. There is a kind of Jamun grown in Delhi, that is without stones, and very sweet; in my opinion this is the best of all, and next to it must rank the Ray Jamun.

That fruit which is found in the latter end of the rains is called Bhadeya, and is also sweet. In my opinion it is cool and moist, and stomachic, but the one without the stone, named BÈdÁna, is more so than the other kinds.

The juice of the fruit is to be preferred as a stomachic, and is more grateful to the taste. It is best prepared by being sprinkled with salt, and shaken in a dish, which deprives it of its great astringency and corrects its hurtful qualities.

There is a kind of jamun of the color of dry grass, of a yellowish white color, smaller than those described, of a pleasant smell. Nawab Assoph-ul-Dowlah at Lucknow, taking into consideration its scarcity, brought it from the eastward, and sowed it in his gardens. It is the now common goolaub jamun, and smells of roses; there is also a kind of jamun at Lucknow called Phalenda.

339 Jatie ????.—A name for Chumbelie, “Jasminum Grandiflorum.”

340 Chaab ???.—The fruit of the Guj peepul, cures hemorrhoids, and resembles peepulamool in its properties.

341 Jaie Puttrie ??? ????.—Hot, light, vermifuge, cures mucous disorders, and is an antidote to poisons. It is a name for Bisbass.

342 Chakussoo ?????.—A Jeshmoridj. If 21 grains of this be bruized and moistened with filings of Sandal-wood in water, in a new earthern vessel, and drank in the morning, it will be found very effectual in Dysuria ardens.

343 Jaiphill ??? ???.—“Nutmeg, Myristica Aromatica, Myristica Moschata.” Hot, light, stomachic, clears the throat, cures mucous disorders, and allays vomiting; is vermifuge, remedies any irregularity in the sense of smelling and cough.

344 Charai ??????, or Charwolie; both names of Cherownjee.

345 Jaal ???.—A kind of fish.

346 Jaiey ????.—Jasminum Grandiflorum? A sweet smelling flower, bitter and cool, useful in eruptions of the mouth from heat, in disordered eye sight, and affections of the uterus, also in wounds and ulcers.

347 Chakoth ?????.—A culinary vegetable, sweet and saltish, useful in affections of wind, mucus, bile; fever, and piles. It also remedies costiveness, improves the taste of the mouth, and clears the olfactory nerves.

348 Chalkurie ??? ???.—A name for Foo or Mujeeth.

349 Changerie ???????.—A name for Umulchhangerie.

350 Cheebook ?????.—A kind of Khurnie.

351 Chitchera ?????? or Chichira, also Chirchira. P. Khasmar. “Achyranthus aspera.” Pungent and laxative, increases appetite, cures disorders of wind and mucus, daad, seulie, piles, itch, (both dry and moist,) itchiness in the bowels, dropsy, boils, and other eruptions. Another kind is red; both are dry and astringent. The seed is beneficial in those eruptions, the consequence of vitiated bile. The red flowers are very common, the white are more scarce; if the white flower be preserved about the person, it will render one invulnerable. In disorders of the blood, the root bruised in water and taken is useful, mixed with dhaie and sugar, it is of use in Menhorragia cruenta. The stem of the plant used as a tooth-brush is excellent in disorders of the teeth, and sweetens the breath. The juice of its leaves squeezed into the eye improves eye-sight. The seeds and leaves pounded and drank in a seer of milk is a powerful emetic, or if they be taken to the quantity of four tolahs daily for 21 days in congee, they will cure bleeding, piles, and bruised and applied externally, will act as styptics. The white flowers kept on the person, will prevent you from being stung by a scorpion, or will remove the pain when externally applied.

352 Chetuck ???.—A name given to birds that inhabit wild places, (those more tame are called Chiria,) they are sweet to the taste; cold and moist. Aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders called Sunpat, and increase phlegm. Tame fowl is hot and dry, also aphrodisiac.

353 Jutamassie ???????.—Bitter and cold, clears the skin, useful in mucous disorders or diffusion of bile in the blood, in affections of the throat, and is an antidote to poisons. “Spikenard, Valeriana Jatamansi.”

354 Chuttra ????.—During digestion it is hot, and produces a burning sensation, curative in itch and flatulence.

355 Chuttur Phill ??????.—A name of Syneed, a kind of Khoreacera.

356 Chichinda ?????, also Chunchilund, “Beta Vulgaris.” The root of a culinary vegetable of India. It is of a long tapering shape like the carrot, and is in general use. I have experienced it to be of use in dry emaciation, and that it is sweet and stomachic, light and beneficial in superabundance of bile, increases appetite, and removes viscid mucus and bile. The root is laxative. Another kind is bitter, hot, and moist, decreases bile, mucus and heat, and cures all disorders of the blood.

357 Chachoondur ???????, also called Chulde. “Sorex Cerulescens, Shaw.” “Sorex Ceruleus, Turton.” The Musk-rat. P. Kormoosh. If its meat is applied to the ulcer at the back of the neck called Khoonadeer, it will be found very effectual. If its brain be dissolved in oil and applied as a friction to the spots of white leprosy, and other discolorations of the skin, it will remove them. If the scrotum is tied up and preserved about the person as a charm, it will increase and lengthen the continuance of aphrodisia.

358 Chirchirra ?????.—A name for Chitchira.

359 Chirpoota ???????.—A medicine of India, cool and dry, and aperient; cures difficulty of breathing and cough.

360 Chiria ????.—A name for Roonjisk, called also Chituck.

361 Chirownjee ???????.—“The nut of the Chironjia Sapida.” A round or oval seed like the peepul, of a dark-brown colour. The tree is of the milky kind, the leaves white, or of an earthy color, an oil is expressed from its kernel. A. Hubboossum’na. P. Nookul Khaja. It is sweet and oleaginous, heavy and luxative, beneficial in bilious and mucous disorders, in foulness of the blood, heat of the body, and bruises, and it increases wind.

It is also written that Chirownjie is the kernel of the stone of a fruit, of the appearance and taste of the phalsa, and that it is dried and carried hence to various countries. It is very common in Bundelcund, it ripens in the commencement of the hot weather, and the capsule is said to be separated from the kernel in a hand-mill. The tree is large: the nuts are strung on thread and used by the natives as necklaces, and they are roasted and eaten as food.

362 Cherayta ??????, called also Punsaal. “Gentiana Chirayata, Roxb. Sp. Ch. Herbaceous, leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, 3–5-nerved, corol rotate, four cleft, smooth stamens, four, capsule ovate, bifurcate, as long as the calyx.” It is bitter, cool, and dry, light, and producing wind, beneficial in cough, general heat, and fever. A. RusbuzzÈreera.

363 Jest ??? in P. Roo Tootia. It is hot and light, and during digestion cool and heavy; facilitates the fusion of metals.

364 Chesteymud ???? ??, called also Chestee, also Chitenmud. “Glycyrrhira Glabra. W. Glycine Abrus, Linn.” in Arabic AssÓoloos’oos.

365 Chukunder ?????.—A name for Saluk.

366 Chikara ?????.—A kind of deer; its tail is black, and its meat sweet, cool, light, and astringent, stomachic, cardiac, and beneficial in disorders of wind, bile, and mucus.

367 Chukora ?????. In P. Rubk. “A variety of Titroo Rufus.”

368 Chukua Chukui ???? ????.—“Anas Casarea.” The Braminee Duck. Its flesh is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy, strengthens the system, restrains the flow of urine and fÆces, cures affections of wind, bile, and blood. In P. it is named Soorkhab and Chukawuck, A. KumbÉera.

369 Chukeerka ??????.—The white kind of the seed, called Soorkh, a common seed, used as a weight; properties the same.

370 Choekurk ????.—A name of the grain Koolthie.

371 Chukond ?????.—A name of the Penwar or Chukwand.

372 Chukotrah ???????.—A fruit of Hindost’han; its tree like the Rutael, with double leaves, the under one very small. It is very easily engrafted on the Rutael tree. The fruit is green and round; its capsule granulated; its green color is that of a small melon; inside it is red; the divisions very small. It is sweet, acid, and bitter, and is ate with salt or sugar. It is cool in its properties, allays thirst from bile, creates appetite. In no book of Hindost’han have I been able to find any account of it. “Citrus Decumanus. The Pumalo, Batabi Neemboo, Pumpleuoes.”

373 Jooqunoo ????.—“Lampyris.” The fire fly. P. Kermukshub Cherag. A. Hubahub. It shines in the night during the rains.

374 Chukadana ??????.—The name of a seed of an earthy color; hard, and having a small kernel; it is like the HubÈbulsa, but is somewhat larger; the latter besides is pointed at both ends, whereas this is not. The women of Delhi give this in purges for children.

375 Jillpeelbuka ???? ???, also called Jill peepul, or Phylphilabi. It is cool and dry, and astringent; cardiac and aphrodisiac, strengthens the eyes, cures disorders of blood, heat in the chest, boils and inveterate eruptions; another kind of it is red, dry, beneficial in affections of wind, mucus, and is astringent. Its fruit is beneficial in eruption from vitiated bile. Red flowers very common.

376 Chellwuk ????.—A large tree of India. Its fresh leaves are used as an application to inflamatory Daad, or other watery eruptions, as well as the common Daad. This I have found from experience. Sybr is first applied to produce some inflammation, and then this application is made use of. A patient of mine was long annoyed with Daad in both his shoulders, for the cure of which he had tried many remedies. I recommended this, he took a quantity of the leaves, bruised them, and applied them over the parts, but from the great heat and irritation they produced, he quickly removed them; he then applied the Mooltance earth, to remove the irritation, this so far succeeded, but the part rose in blisters, the water from the blisters being discharged, the complaint was found relieved, when the parts were well, he again applied the leaves, this destroyed the disease, and left the place all black. The skin soon re-assumed its wonted color, and the disease was perfectly cured. From the above circumstance, I am led to conclude, that the application is a very powerful one, and acts as a blister. If they are applied to parts which have been deprived of sensation, it will be equally effectual as Sutoobria.

377 Cheylchish ?????.—A very hurtful kind of fish, which increases disorders of the three principal secretions.

378 Chillie ???.—A kind of culinary greens, from the common vegetable called cheel; cool, dry, light, aperient; promotes appetite, increases knowledge, strengthens the system, cures disorders of the spleen, blood, and the three secretions, and is vermifuge. One kind named Kutf, also Buthua.

379 Jill Benth ???????.—A kind of ratan.

380 Jill Butees ??????.—Cool, astringent, producing flatulence.

381 Jill Neeb ?????.—A small plant; its branches minute; also its leaves like the Loonia saag; it creeps on the ground, and is to be found near rivers. It is very bitter, and from its constant vicinity to water has obtained its name. It is purgative, powerfully so, in the quantity of 6 mashas. In herpetic eruptions and Lues venerea it is very beneficial, but it can only be given with safety to those who are not in a weak state.

382 Chumgader ??????.—The Bat. A. Khuffash. Its blood rubbed on the feet is aphrodisiac. Its properties are particularly described in the Yunani works.

383 Jamalgota ???????.—Vide Datoon. “Croton Tiglium.”

384 Chumbeley ??????.—“Jasminum Grandiflorum.” A white flower, of a strong, sweet smell, one kind is yellow, and named Soorunjati: alike in their properties, both are hot and light, useful in head-aches, pains in the eyes, and teeth, in boils, eruptions and foulness of the blood.

A decoction of its leaves in water will cure tooth-ache; the mouth being repeatedly washed with it. The juice of the root taken with milk will remove suppression of urine, and many have made the experiment with success.

385 Champa ???? or Chumpuk, “Michelia Champaca.” A flower of India, of a pyramidal shape, its color is a light or whitish yellow, very beautiful, and as such is often quoted as the perfection of color.

In this part of the country, it is very common; it cures difficulty in voiding urine, disorders of mucus, blood, and nausea. It is pungently bitter and cool; useful in injuries of the nose, and in general heat. One kind is called Paak Chumpa, hot and pungent, creates appetite, improves eye-sight, diminishes mucus, and cures bruises. The smell is cardiac and stomachic.

386 ChermbÆrie ??? ????.—An acid fruit of India; beneficial in itchiness of stomach, disorders of mucus and wind, depraved taste, pains of the chest, loss of appetite, and worms. Its acid removes the effects of intoxication; it is cool in its properties. The sweet kind is bitter, and a little heating.

387 Junthmook ??? ????.—In taste it is sweet, and is like the Saalie, (a kind of rice;) in its effects, but the best of all kinds of rice is the Christn daan, and that which has been sown in a soil manured by ashes, is the lightest and best in curing mucous disorders. The rice produced in the common manner is heavy, useful in disorders of bile and wind, and frequent change of soil, or the plant removed or transplanted to another soil is the best. It is diuretic and generally beneficial.

388 Jungliechuha ????? ????.—P. Runfeer. Its flesh is useful in cough, difficulty of breathing, foulness of blood; is dry and beneficial in all the three secretions. The meat of the female is to be preferred to that of the male.

389 Chumbuck ????.—Cool and decreases corpulency; is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzr Mukunatees.

390 Chundurkanth ??????????.—Its taste is sweet and astringent; it is cool and aperient, strengthens the eyes, reduces corpulency, cures boils and eruptions, and is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzrool Kummur.

391 Chundsoor ???????.—Vide Haloo. “Lepedium Sativum.”

392 Chundun ????.—“Santalum Album, W. or Sirium myrtifolium.” P. Sandal Suffed. A little bitter; cool, dry, and light; is cardiac and exhilirates the spirits; is tonic; an antidote to poisons; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood, allays thirst, heat in the chest, clears the complexion. Its real name is Ujelah. Chundun, and Rukut Chundun is the name for red Sandal.

393 Chundunsarba ???? ?????.—A name for white Kalesur.

394 Junth ?????.—The name of a large tree, like the peepul; its leaves like those of the tamarind; it is prickly, and its bark white.

395 Jawansa ?????.—P. Khar Shooter. It is sweet and bitter, cool, light, and aperient, cures bilious disorders and those of the blood. Also vertigo. Hedysarum Alhagi.

396 Choke ???.—Bitter, soft, and emetic, useful in foulness of the blood, mucus, poisons, worms, flatulence, itch and Juzam. “Maadentezerrubad.”

“Choke is a medicine of India, it is a black juice, very acid, soft, cool, and dry, increasing appetite, promoting digestion, stomachic and astringent, lessens the secretion of bile, and injuries of the tendons. Its corrector is sugar; its succedaneum Bejowra, dose ½ to 1 direm.”

397 Chowlai ?????? or Chowrai, “Amaranthus Polygamus.” One kind of it called also gunder; a kind of culinary greens, used by the people of India; cool and dry, useful in bilious disorders, mucus, and blood, and is diuretic and aperient. It is stomachic, promotes digestion, and cures eruptions from vitiated bile. Another kind of it is named mursai; cool, heavy, and aperient; useful in seminal weakness, and disorders of the three secretions. A. BokulÆ Yemania.

398 Juhi ????.—A small white flower, also a yellow kind. In the Dhunteri, it is said there are three kinds of it, a white, yellow, and purple. It has a sweet smell, and some have called it a species of jessamine. In Delhi it obtains the name of Jahee Juhi, but these two words are, properly speaking, distinct names for different flowers, and the author of the Echtyar Casmi has described them separately. It is cool and beneficial in affections of the eyes, and increases wind and mucus. “Jasminum Auriculatum.”

399 Juwar ????.—“Holcus sorghum.” A. Zoorra. A grain; sweet to the taste, cool and producing wind, useful in mucous disorders and bile, and in my opinion is difficult of digestion. It is aphrodisiac, and if eaten to excess, produces flatulent pains in the bowels. One kind is named Mukaiy, and possesses the same properties.

400 Joonk ????.—A name for an Indian plant, about a yard high, more or less; its leaves are small, and its seed about half an inch in length, resembling a leech; sweet, cool, heavy, and useful in gonorrhoea, cures wind, bile, and phlegm. Its leaves are very mucilaginous, and the children of India play with the pods, sticking them to their bodies like leeches. It grows in the rains, and usually in uncultivated places.

401 Juhan ?????.—A kind of anise seed, commonly called Adjwain Kermanie. I have described its properties under the head Adjwain.

402 Jawakhar ??????.—A name for Nuttroon; pungent, hot, and aperient; useful in affections of wind, mucus, dropsy, pains in the bowels, dysuria, and is lithontriptic. In the Maadentezerrubad, it is written, that it is hot and dry, diuretic and aperient, useful in disorders of mucus, wind, dropsy, pains in the bowels; is lithontriptic, and beneficial in the spleen and indolent tumors.

403 Chouch ???.—A large and small kind; pungent and hot; astringent and sweet; inducing costiveness; stomachic; beneficial in cholicks, inflammatory pains in the spleen, and other pains in the bowels. It is a favorite ingredient in many formulÆ.

404 Chehtaon ??????.—A tree of India; aperient, and useful in disorders of mucus and wind; also in Juzam, boils, and eruptions.

405 Jholputtur ??? ???.—A kind Asheer; cool, light, and cardiac; cures disorders of mucus and bile, and diminishes the volume of blood.

406 Cherakakoli ????????? or Chershookla; also Chermudera; sweet, cool, heavy, aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders of blood, bile, heart-burn, dryness of the mouth, thirst, fever, emaciation and dropsy.

In the Dhunteri, it is also said to promote digestion, and to be pleasant in flavor, and agreeable in its effects; to cure suppression of urine and pains in the chest. It also is used as a cephalic. It is said to cure affections of mucus, Juzam and worms, and to cause an increase of bile; it is commonly known by the name of Nuckchickenie. Vide N.

407 Choonderdhan ???????? or Jowdhan.—A kind of rice, called also Rukitsaal.

408 Cherie ????.—The goat; its flesh is moist and heavy, but easy of digestion; useful in disorders of the three secretions; produces no heat at stomach, increases semen, and renders the sense of smelling more acute: it is also called Bukeri. A. Mehyr.

409 Jeengha ??????.—A kind of shell-fish; hot and dry; those newly taken are to be preferred; they are aphrodisiac, aperient, and grateful to the taste. This may generally be true, but bad effects have followed their use, and that which is salted is melanagogue, or produces black bile; the corrector is oil of almonds. P. Muluch Diriae, A. Jeradool Bahr. Some have said that the Robean is the same fish.

410 Junkar ?????.—A name for the deer Barasingha.

411 Jojakhar ????????.—A name for nitre.

412 Chohara ??????.—“The date. Phoenix Dactylifera.” P. called KhoÓrma sunshekun; aphrodisiac; it is ate with milk. If the ChÓhara is bruised, and with salep and sugar boiled in milk, till nearly half the milk shall be evaporated, then drank, it will be found useful as an aphrodisiac, increasing the bulk of the solids, and if it digests easily, it will be found peculiarly useful. If roasted and eat with opium, it becomes astringent.

413 Chirr ??, and another kind, which is black; both are cold, and useful in disorders of all the secretions, heat of the body, and Juzam. P. Soombulutteeb.

414 Chereela ?????.—In its properties it resembles SÈleÈchih, (Cassia Lignea.) P. Ooshna.

415 Jhow ???.—A name of Turfa. If bruised and mixed with vinegar it suppurates indolent swellings, and also scirrhous swellings of the spleen.

416 Cherkund ?????.—A kind of Beedareekund, which is white.

417 Chundurseha ????????.—A name for MudukpÚrnie.

418 Choocheroo ??????.—A name for SÍrphonka.

419 Jhirberie ???????.—“Jujube.” A name for wild Baer; is acid, cool, useful in bile, cardiac, and astringent: if dried and pounded, it is called BÚrchun; this possesses all its properties, but is more astringent.

420 Jyaphupp ?? ????.—Another kind of it is Tersindiapurni; its seed is made into beads. It is also called Surupjea; it is astringent, strengthens the hair of the head, and darkens its color.

421 CheehurÆ ???????.—A tree of India; there is another kind called Choobnuz, and a third kind SÁtoona. Its wood smells strong and rancid; it is hot and dry in the 3rd degree; it is very oleaginous and greasy. If its juice be expelled by heat and collected, it is excellent as an application in paralysis, and it also cleanses large foul ulcers. Its milk is pungent and heating, and it is an active poison, hot and dry in the 4th degree; applied to the skin, it blisters; it is used in swellings from cold. Its wood is used internally in loss of voluntary motion or insensibility and epilepsy, and it is said to be lithontriptic. It injures the lungs, and its corrector is oil of almonds and gum. The dose is 3 mashas.

422 Jeewuk ????.—Cool and aphrodisiac; increases semen and mucus; cures disorders of bile, wind, heart-burn, emaciation, and hectic fever.

423 Cheenuk ????.—A tree of Hindostan; hot; useful in boils and eruptions, affections of the heart and disorders of wind; it is astringent.

424 Jeewuntie ?????? or JeÉwÚnie or JÉwÁ; cool, sweet, moist, light; strengthens the system and eyesight; is astringent; useful in disorders of mucus, wind, and bile. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÆ, and it removes feverish heat. The people of India use its greens in the beginning of the cold weather as food; the small Jeewuntie being considered as one of the best of culinary vegetables. It is called also Saag Sherista. The large kind is named BheÉndoorie, from its more limited mode of spreading its branches, and the small kind, for the contrary reason, is called BÉldoÓrie: this spreads to a great distance, and creeps along whatever it comes in contact with. The fruit is like the cucumber.

The above is also the name of a flower, which in the Dhunteri is said to be aphrodisiac, and to clear the voice.

425 Jeewung ?????.—Also Buthua. Its stem is red.

426 Cheedah ?????.—The small pine (Senobir Jegheer); sweet; pungent during digestion; bitter, hot, moist, light; useful in windy disorders, and affections of the eyes, throat, and ear.

427 Cheenah ????.—“Millet. Panicum Italicum. Pan. Pilosum.” P. Arzum. A. Dakhun. Its properties are nearly the same as the small seed called Kongnee.

428 Cheetul ????.—An Indian Deer, black and white, pyebald. Its flesh has the same properties as the Chikara.

429 Cheetah ?????.—Its meat is hot and heavy; useful in disorders of wind, affections of the eyes and voice. In A. Phahus; it is also the name of a medicine mentioned hereafter.

430 Cheel ???.—“The Kite. Falco Cheela,” Lath. Its meat is heavy, and increases disorders of the three secretions. In P. GhÚllevaz. A. HydÁt.

431 Jeepaul ?? ???.—A name for Jamalgota.

432 Cheetah ?????.—“Valerian? Plumbago Zeylanica or Plumbago Rosea, W.” A medicine; one kind of which is red, the other purple; inside of a yellowish color; both woods are very thin, and both are pungent, bitter, dry, light, astringent, stomachic, and increase the powers of digestion. The red kind, mixed with strong vinegar, and rubbed hard on the spots of white leprosy till blisters arise, will have the effect of removing the complaint. A. Sheetrudj.

433 Cheea ??? or Cheetkeh, both names for Hurr.