665 Kakjunga ??? ?????.—Cool, but some say hot, and dry in the 2nd degree; it is vermifuge, and useful in an over-loaded stomach, in poisons, mucus, and eruptions from suffusion of bile; also in fevers. It also obtains the name of Misie. Rijel ul Ghorab, A. Tokhem Khelal Kheleel, P.

666 Kans ????.—A shrub with a white flower, of a downy kind; cures suppression of urine or dysuria, heat of the body, disorders of blood, bile, and hectic fever.

667 Kakolie ??????.—Its properties resemble Jirkakolie.

668 Kaksaag ??? ???.—Aperient, and promotes appetite; cures disorders of mucus, swellings of the body, and expels wind.

669 Kasmerie ??????? or Kasmuroo, or Kasmurga, or Kasheera. It is hot; heavy; cures fever, pains in the bowels, and its flower is astringent and beneficial in eruptions from diffusion of bile. It is an ingredient in many formulÆ. It prevents the approach of old age, strengthens all the animal functions, and is aphrodisiac and diuretic.

670 Kanjee ?????.—Increases the secretion of milk; cures disorders of mucus, wind, and bile. It is the vinegar of Hindostan. It restores prostrated strength from fatigue, removes pains in the bowels and flatulence, and remedies costiveness. The method of preparing it is thus. A little Zeera and Saslie are put on the fire till they produce a smoke, an earthen vessel is then placed over them in an inverted position to receive the smoke. Then into this is put mustard, salt, adjwain, and cumin seed, with warm water; the mouth of the vessel is then tied up in a cloth, and placed in the sun till it becomes sour. In the hot-weather it is quickly prepared; the older it is, the better for medicinal purposes.

671 Gowrohun ???????.—A medicine found in the gall-bladder of a cow, and is but seldom met with. It is beneficial in affections of the mesenteric glands of children; in the quantity of two soorkhi it is purgative. It is also beneficial in flatulent swellings. If boiled in water and used for some time, it will cure epilepsy. It is only found in those cows the descendants of those herded by Khrishna.

It is often counterfeited, but the real kind is clearer than the spurious.

672 Kath ???.—“Acacia Catechu, W. Kayar, H. Khadira, S. Mimosa Catechu, Woodville.” Called also Kuth. It is cool and vermifuge; strengthens the teeth; cures seminal weakness, fever, white leprosy, swellings, eruptions from bile, marasmus, Juzam, and mucous disorders. The gum is sweet and aphrodisiac, and strengthens the system. That made from the pith of the Khaer, is useful in boils and eruptions, affections of the mouth, and disorders of mucus and blood. It also removes ptyalism.

673 Kakra Singie ??????????.—It is crooked like a ram’s horn; small and red, with a tinge of black, and its pod is hollow; it is bitter, astringent, hot, and promotes appetite, and restores the color of the skin changed from foulness of blood; allays vomiting and thirst; cures fever and disorders of mucus, difficulty of breathing, cough, and eructation, also piles and dysentery. It is said to be hot and dry in the 2nd degree. It likewise cures wind and hoarseness, and creates appetite; and it is useful, if retained in the mouth, as a relief to cough from phlegm; a little of it given to children at the breast, mixed with honey, increases their strength and removes emaciation.

674 Kanakutchoo ???????.—Brought from Cashmere, and held in great esteem in that country. Its taste is saltish and sweet, and it is used dressed with meat; some call it Samaroogh, but the latter is a creeper and does not produce seed. The fruit is about half the size of an egg, and is suspended from the plant, which is of a white color, and grows during the rains in the jungles, and loves the vicinity of running water. It is also called Neerkoombie. It is found sometimes amongst ruins, but those that grow in the jungles are to be preferred. The lower classes of Indians use it as food, and as such it is grateful. It is useful in affections of the eyes.

675 Kagphill ?????? or Kagtoondie. “Strychnos Nux Vomica, W.” “I have heard that it grows very common about Midnapoor or Cuttack; several seeds or nuts are enclosed in one pod, which in size is about that of a horse chestnut, the seeds are surrounded in the pod by a glutinous matter. It is said to be useful in paralysis, but has seldom been given beyond six grains in the day.”—“Trans.” It has obtained its name from being poison to the crow. Kag being the name of a crow, and phill, a nut A. Hubbool Girab; for the same reason. It is not well ascertained whether it is a seed or root, but it looks like a seed. It is equally uncertain whether it is cool or hot; it is brownish, inside white; it is round, and its shell very hard; steeped in water it becomes soft, and its shell can be removed; it is then rasped down and pounded, and kept in a state of powder or electuary for use. It strengthens the system; cures disorders of wind; blackens white hair; but its constant use produces palsy. It is an active poison; its correctors are drinking fresh milk, producing vomiting, and taking soup, oily or fatty substances. If externally applied to discolorations of the skin, daad, pains, &c. it will be found beneficial. It is said in the Dara Shekoi, to be excellent in cholics from wind. It is in my opinion hot, but as it is a strong poison, it is better not to use it: if given as a medicine, its correctors ought to be given with it.

It is also mentioned among aphrodisiac medicines, and will be found a powerful one, should it agree with the stomach. In India its name is Koochela.

676 Gajur ????.—“Daucus Carota, W.” The carrot; sweet to the taste, and equally hot and cold in its effects; it creates appetite, produces costiveness, cures eruptions from suffusion of bile; is useful in piles, is lithontriptic, and beneficial in mucous disorders and wind. A. Gazur. I have found it excellent when roasted in an oven; the thin external rind and heart removed, and ate with rose-water, and Bedemoosk, in depression of spirits, and as a cardiac. Its distilled water is also equally effectual. Its virtues are described in Yunani works.

677 Kaiphill ??? ??? or Kutphill. It is bitter, astringent, and pungent, cures disorders of mucus and wind, fevers, difficulty of breathing, seminal weakness, piles, cough, and all affections of the throat.

678 Kanch ???? or Kaatch; light; reduces corpulence; cures boils and eruptions, and strengthens the eyes. It is also called Zejage.

679 Kalizeerie ???? ????.—“Nigella Indica, Roxb. Musavi, S. Sp. ch. annual, petals entire, pistils five, length of the stamina, leaves decompound, exterior lip of the nectary ovate, and deeply two-cleft, interior entire and acute. Roxb. MS.” A seed of a black color, twice as long as the zeerie, and about twice the breadth; also named Kurdmana though improperly. It is used as medicine for horses; it is hot, increases the digestive powers, and is useful in all swellings.

680 Kasht ????.—Very hard. A kind of sugar-cane.

681 Kangeerug ???????.—A name for Kakeerun.

682 Kalseenbie ????????.—A name for Kalyseeb; hot and heavy; cures disorders of mucus and bile, also disorders in the mouth.

683 Kansi ?????.—P. Rooie; heavy, hot, and aperient; strengthens the eyes and cures bilious and mucous disorders.

684 Kathmanda ?????????.—A name for Lisanus sowr.

685 Kalakora ????????.—A name for Kirra Inderjow.

686 Katchloon ??????.—A name for Muschookoonia, also named Kuphaiena, or Mylhoolrejaje. Its taste is rough; increases bile, decreases mucus, and useful in splenitis. It is laxative, removes specs, and opacities of the cornea. It dries the stomach, and externally is useful in all kinds of itch.

687 Kastipadile ?????????.—Vide Padill.

688 Kalesur ?????? or Kulesur; a plant, its leaves and sprigs very thin and small, it is sold in a dried state. It is like the Badsingbose. Its fruit is like the Baer, but a little larger, of a clay color or greenish. It is of two kinds, white and black, both oleaginous and sweet, heavy, increases semen, cures disorders of the three secretions, fevers, disorders of the vagina, dropsy, and it is astringent in its properties. The black kind increases appetite.

689 Kanghi ??????.—Cool, pungent; sweetish to the taste; strengthens the system, clears the color of the skin; is astringent, flatulent; useful in affections of the mouth and hectic fever.

690 Kandagolhi ?????????.—A kind of onion, used by the weavers of cloth, from which circumstance it has derived its name (“Squills?”). It is like the common onion, but four times as large; it grows in the jungles, and in A. is called Unsul; its properties are described in Yunani works.

691 Kapoor ?????.—Cool, light, anti-aphrodisiac; beneficial in disorders of the eyes; cures heat of the body, bad taste in the mouth; removes corpulence and swellings of the body, disorders from poison, and clears the brain. A. Kaphoor. It is of four kinds: Poonasir, Bheemseejnie, Saasdaie and Bhaskur, the medicinal properties of all are the same. “Laurus Camphora.”

692 Kupoor ????.—The same as above; also called Khesia.

693 Kapoorbile ????????.—A flower; its leaves and root resembling the saffron flower; it is brought from Europe.

694 Goobrowla ?????? also Goobreyla. A. Khumfusa. P. Jaab. It is described in all Yunani works.

695 Kapithar Jug ???? ?????.—A kind of Soorinjan; pungent, cool, and dry; increases general heat and bile; cures disorders of blood and mucus; also removes daad; is vermifuge, and is an antidote to poison.

696 Kupass ???? or Kurpass. “Gossypium herbaceum.” It is sweet, hot, and light; cures disorders of wind; it is the cotton tree; some call it cool. Its seed increases the secretion of animal milk, removes bile, mucus, heat, thirst, fatigue, epilepsy, &c. The wild species is cool, and increases the acuteness of taste and cures ulcers. It is also called Karis or Karpassie.

Maadentezerrubad.

Kupass is the cotton tree; hot and moist; cures asthma, cough, costiveness; loosens the chest. The cotton burnt and applied to ulcers, dries them up, blown into the nose stops bleeding; also bleeding of the gums. Should any one have eaten dhatura, and become insensible, four direms of the seeds bruised in water, and given to drink will remove the cause. It is also an antidote to the poison of opium, bhang, snakes, the root of dhatura, scorpions, &c. in the quantity of seven direms.

697 Kubab Cheenee ???? ????.—It is pungent and bitter; promotes digestion; increases appetite; improves the taste; cures affections of wind, phlegm, paralysis of the tongue, and clears the voice. “Cubebs, Piper Cubeba, Murr.” Excellent in gonorrhoea virulenta.

698 Kapoor Kutcherie ???? ?????.—A name for Saaltie.

699 Kapoorie ?????.—A name for Ispurka.

700 Kuthael ????.—“Artocarpus Integrifolia (Roxb.)” A fruit of India, very common, of a green color like Shukena, from half a yard to a yard in length, and about half a yard in thickness. On opening it is found a pulp of a saffron color, of a mucilaginous nature, inclining to gummy. The tree is like that of the walnut, but I suspect the Kuthael is much the largest and the leaves much less. The smell of the flower is sweet. The fruit is taken from the tree before it is ripe, covered with lime and thus brought to maturity. It cures disorders of bile and wind, strengthens the system, and is aphrodisiac; it cures eruptions from diffused bile, and is slow of digestion; it induces costiveness, is useful in disorders of the chest, increases semen and allays thirst. Its seeds are astringent and sweet, and increase wind, they are hurtful if ate on an empty stomach. Its corrector is its seed. Some have said, that the fruit when allowed to ripen on the tree is the best, and that the forced kind is cool.

701 Kootki ????.—A small root, “Justicia Ganderussa,” brought from the hills; it is of a grey colour and full of knots; bitter to the taste, during digestion; pungent, cool, and drying. It is light and aperient; cures bilious, mucous, and feverish disorders, difficulty of breathing, heart-burn, and heat of body. It is also vermifuge; the dose 4 direms.

702 Kutara ?????.—A kind of sugar-cane; it is thin, cool, and heavy; cures diffusion of bile and Rajiroge. The leaves of one kind are like needles, another much larger, a third of a middling size: all are astringent, and after meals produce heart-burn, and wind; they cure disorders of mucus and bile, but cause heat in the chest and flatulence. Its correction is being boiled in water, or roasted in hot ashes. When washed in water it becomes less flatulent, and cures disordered secretions, increases the bulk of the solids, and is diuretic.

703 Kuteera ?????.—“Echinops echinatus, (Roxb.)” The globe-thistle, or Kuragond. Cool; increases consistence of semen; beneficial in gonorrhoea; lessens aphrodisia. If two mashas be infused in water for a night, well mixed and taken with sherbet of Unjewar, or by itself, it will be found effectual in vomiting of blood, in gonorrhoea, and itchiness of the urinary bladder.

704 Kutai ?????.—The white kind; it is a species of the small Kutai; the flower of the large kind is red. The small is bitter and pungent; hot and useful in wind, bile and disorders of the liver, difficulty of voiding urine, in torpor of the olfactory nerves; is vermifuge, and cures affections of the heart. The large kind is called Beretta, already noticed, also called Kuntai.

705 Kutoonbur ??????.—“Cucumis Madraspatanas.” A kind of Kutchim (species of melon); sweet and hot, vide Baluka.

706 Kutputrie ?? ????.—Hot and astringent; useful in disorders of the organs of generation of the female; its fruit cool and aphrodisiac, and produces a discharge of wind.

707 Kuth ????.—“Catechu, Terra Japonica, Acacia Catechu?”

708 Kutchnar ?????.—“Bauhinia variegata.” One kind of which is called Gobdar; the leaves of the Kutchnar are green and variegated with veins, and they resemble the junction of two leaves, indeed a separation does sometimes exist. The tree resembles the mulberry, and is even larger, but considerably so in diameter; both kinds are cool, astringent; produce costiveness; cure disorders of mucus and bile; are vermifuge; destroy worms in the rectum; useful in the virulent ulcer called Kunzeer, also in all eruptions and boils. Its flower is cool, dry, light, and astringent; cures disorders of bile, and corrects an excess in the menstrual discharge; beneficial in piles, wounds, ulcers, and cough. The tree is called by the above name, but it is usually given to the flower only. I have found it beneficial to the stomach, in removing laxativeness of the bowels, and in bleeding piles. A decoction of its bark forms an excellent gargle in ptyalism from mercury or bela.

709 Kutchaloo ?????.—“Arum Colocasia.” An esculent root, vide Aroie.

710 Gudjpepullie ?? ?????.—Also Gudjpeepul; a round fruit, 4 times as large as that of the peepul, and very much resembles it; it is bitter, hot; increases appetite; induces costiveness; cures Juzam, difficulty of breathing, affections of the throat, is vermifuge, and useful in disorders of wind and mucus.

711 Kutchua ????.—“P. Sungpoosht or BahÁ. A. Silhafat.” “The Turtle.” Its meat is moist and aphrodisiac, and is useful in disorders of wind. It is related, that in cases of great difficulty of respiration from affections of the lungs or bronchiÆ, much benefit has been derived from inhaling the breath of the turtle. Its eggs, mixed with water and applied hot to the scrotum, removes disorders, to which it may be subjected.

712 Coochilla ?????.—Vide Kagphill.

713 Kutcherie ?????.—(Cucumis Madraspatanas;) sweet, hot, light, and soft; creates appetite; increases bile. It is called Dustumboieya, vide Phoot. There is another fruit which bears this name, it is a creeper, found in fields, like the Kunoorie fruit; it is pungent, bitter; assists digestion, and increases appetite. In my opinion, it is hot; it is eaten cut in half, and fried with salt and oil, and greatly relished. It is thus also rendered more active in its properties. It is used both ripe and unripe; when used with meat, the later is easily rendered tender. It forms an ingredient in all stomachic powders in India.

714 Kutchoor ????.—“Curcuma Zerumbet, (Roxb.)” Of three kinds: large, male, and female. The large kind is also called Nerkuchoor, and the simple word Kutchoor is generally applied to the female; the third kind is called Kaphoor Kutcherie. The Nerkutchoor is also called Zerambeed. The three kinds possess nearly the same properties. It is hot, light; creates appetite; cures Juzam, piles, boils, wounds, difficulty of breathing, Badgola, disorders of wind, and mucus, and is vermifuge.

715 Kudum ???.—“Nauclea Orientalis, or Kudum, and another kind called Mohoonut; also one kind named Dhoul Kudum, and Bhoom Kudum.” The leaves and flower resemble the walnut tree; all kinds are cool, and are useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood.

716 Gudha ????.—Its flesh is sweet, during digestion bitter. It is light, strengthens the system, and increases bile and mucus.

717 Gudloon ?????.—Hot, light; cures disorders of wind and mucus. Is aperient and diuretic.

718 Goodhul ???? Citron.—Has a flower like the poppy, and many leaves; its leaves are like the mulberry, and it flowers every alternate year. Its fruit is like the apple; when unripe, green, and acid, with a little bitterness; but when fully ripe, and it has become yellow, the bitterness does not remain; it also becomes red and sweet, but if it remain long on the tree it again assumes a greenish hue. The tree is like the lime tree with broad leaves. The people of India have an idea, that if the flowers be kept in the house they produce quarrelling and strife; the flowers are used in lowness of spirits arising from heat. It is said, that the root of this and also that of the Kunaer are very intoxicating. If boiled in milk, and this curdled, it is aphrodisiac.

719 Kurna ????.—The flower of the above; it has four leaves, and is white before it opens; it is shaped like an arrow-head; it has a sweet perfume, and as such is used; a distilled water is also made from it and an essential oil. The water is called Arukbahar, and is hot and dry, and used in weakness of the brain; also as an aphrodisiac; creating appetite and elevating the spirits; also in pains of the chest, in cholics from wind, and delirium.

A little of it commenced with and constantly used for seven days, with a little sugar, is beneficial in affections of the spleen; it is used in Aniseed water as a lithontriptic; in an empty stomach for the bleeding piles. It is used with musk, &c. to perfume hooka snakes. The author of the Topha says, that this is the bud of the Naringi, and that the distilled water of that is called Arukbahar; but in my opinion they are distinct varieties, and in this part of the country they distil from all. Goodhul is the name of the tree, Kuth that of the fruit, and Kurna that of the flower.

720 Karownda ??????.—Also Kirmidie, and a kind of this Khristnphill; the first kind is red and white, second is white and black, and the third entirely black, therefore called Kristnphil, from being of the color of the god Kristna. Its flower is like the Jui; when unripe it is hot, heavy, and acid; produces mucus and diffusion of bile: when ripe it is sweet and less acid, light; creates appetite, and cures disorders of wind and bile. “Carissa Carandas.”

721 Kareyl ????.—“Capparis, the Caper plant,” or Kareyr. A tree without leaves, its branches rise from the root, and are very numerous. It grows about the height of the Baer. It has numerous flowers, small and three-leaved. Its flowers are boiled and eaten; its fruit made into pickles in salt-water and oil; its fruit is at first green, then it becomes red, and lastly black; they are about the size of the Karownda; they are bitter, pungent, hot, aperient; useful in mucous disorders, wind, boils, eruptions, swellings, as an antidote to poisons, and in piles. Its flowers are beneficial in disorders of mucus and bile. My father always recommended them in disorders arising from cold. In consequence of their heating quality, they are useful in affections of the joints. P. Amghyllyan.

722 Karunj ????.—From the “Moojerrabad Akberi.” The name of a large tree, the leaves like the lime tree, the fruit like the tamarind, but smaller; it is hot, and discusses swellings and all pains arising from cold; useful in lumbago, in strokes of the wind, and it is used as a fomentation in the above disorders.

723 Gurehri ??????.—A fruit of India, produced in the hot season; it is a nut of a black color, and shining appearance, about the length of the Jamalgota, but a little thinner; the kernel is white, and is ate with salt and peepul, and much esteemed. It induces costiveness, is aphrodisiac, and thickens semen.

724 Krishndaan ???? ???.—A kind of rice; in its properties and excellence like the Saatie.

725 Kurwanuk ??????.—The name of a common bird; its meat is sweet and pleasant to the taste. It frequents the banks of rivers and jungles, but the river kind is nearly twice the size of the other.

726 Geerguth ???????.—(Chameleon.) A. Heerbah, Un. Kalamunder, P. Aftabperust. It resembles the lizard in its appearance. It has a long tail, and frequently changes its color.

727 Kurkura ?????.—(Ardea Virgo.) A species of paddy-bird, called also Kurkhuraa; its flesh increases corpulency; is aphrodisiac, and strengthens the system.

728 Kurinjua ?????? or Korinjeka, or Kurinjee. “Guilandina Bonduccella, Linn. CÆsalpinia Bonduccella. Roxb. Kutkuleja, H. An excellent tonic, and infallible in the cure of intermittents, when combined with a decoction of Chereyta. Dose one seed, mixed with pepper, which may be repeated every three hours.” A seed, or rather nut, hard and shining; it is of a blue or greenish color; light, round, and thick, like the Majoo; when shaken near the ear the kernel is found loose, and when broken, this is found whitish, like the Mukhana. Its shrub grows to the height of a man, more or less, “but if supported, will run much higher. It is covered with very sharp prickles, and makes the best fence in the world perhaps.” It is hot; cures piles; is vermifuge, useful in Juzam, and its leaves are beneficial in disorders of wind, mucus, and blood. A. Ektumkut. P. Khayeblees. Leaves used as a fomentation in rheumatic pains.

729 Kurwara ?????? or Kurwala. A name for Amultas; P. Phuloos. A. Khiarshimber. Discutient, aperient, and laxative. See Yunani works.

730 Korund ?????.—A name for Sunadudje.

731 Goor ???.—It is sweet to the taste and a little pungent; light, aperient; creates appetite; increases bile and swellings of the body; produces worms and cures disorders of wind; strengthens the system; is diuretic and cardiac. P. Kund Sia.

732 Kurr ??.—“Carthamus Tinctoria.” A name of Masphir or Kussumb. P. Kussukdana. A. Koortub. It is of a white color like peas, and a little pointed; it is very common; removes phlegm, and is aperient.

733 Karela ?????.—“Momordica Charantia.” A common culinary fruit, of a green or yellowish color, and encloses numerous seeds. It is about two or three inches long, and very irregular in the surface. It is in its properties cool and light; some say hot and heavy, and some call it equal. It is pungent and laxative; beneficial in piles, eruptions of the mouth, disorders of the blood, jaundice, panroque, phlegm, seminal weakness, and it is vermifuge. Its name is said to be Kassaul hemar. In my opinion it is very drying, by reason of its heating quality: when dressed with onions, it is less heavy as food. It has the effect of strengthening the stomach weakened from cold. Its root taken, commencing with one masha and increasing to seven, will cure the venereal disease. The wild kind is named Kaarbellie. It is cool, bitter, light, and aperient; cures disorders of bile, blood, phlegm, black bile, jaundice, wind, marasmus, seminal weakness, and worms. Another kind of this produced in gardens is of a white color, and more long than the other; its coat is thin, and it is the best of all the varieties: there are many ways of dressing it, but with onions it is the best and most aphrodisiac; without onions, its effects are not so powerful, and it is less heating.

734 Kirkund ?????.—The small Baer, called also Nazookbadun; it is moist and heavy; sweet, and cures disorders of bile and wind. It is also called Jhirberrie. There is a smaller kind, that is more sweet, and grows in gardens.

735 Kora ???.—A name for the Inderjow tree; it is very bitter and astringent; cool and dry; creates appetite; cures bilious disorders and foulness of blood, also disorders of mucus; and removes obstructions in the pylorus from viscid mucus; useful in indigestion and Juzam; restrains hemorrhage from piles and diarrhoea.

736 Kurni ????.—“Mimusops Kauki.” A fruit of the hills; pungently bitter and hot; cures disorders of bile and mucus, flatulence, and is vermifuge.

737 Kurrukphill ??? ???.—A name for Bahira.

738 Krishn Moolie ???? ????.—A black kind called Kalesur; it derives its name from being a root of the color of Krishna.

739 Krishn Saarba ???? ?????.—A black kind of Saarba.

740 Kussowndie ?????? or Kussownda. The name of a tree of India; its branches commence from near the root and surround the stem, growing out from all sides of it. It grows about the thickness of a bambu, and in height that of a man. The leaves if rubbed have a disagreeable smell. Its seed-vessel is about a yard long, or even longer; it encloses small round seeds like Sumach, a little crooked. Its leaves are thick like Kumerach, but the latter are broad, whereas this is longer. The large kind is called Kussownda, the smaller Kussowndie; the leaves of both are nearly alike. It is hot, moist, and some say equal. It relieves the brain, and if the seed is washed and eaten, it will cure the effects of the scorpion’s poison; and if the seed and leaves be ground in a mill, made into bread with flour, and eaten with sweet oil, it will cure night blindness; should any one have swallowed tiger’s hair, pills made of the leaves, flower, and seed swallowed and vomiting produced, the hair will be discharged.

Maadentezerrubad.

Kussowndie is a medicine of India, hot and dry; cures wind and loosens phlegm; useful in cough and disorders of the blood. 1½ direms of its root with half direm of peepul eaten, will cure the poison of snakes or scorpions, or if rubbed on the bitten or stung part will give relief. It clears the voice, and if five direms of its leaves with one direm of peepul be bruised in water, and taken for seven days, during which period food without salt is eaten, it will cure Lues Venerea.

741 Kusseroo ????? or Kusseruk. “Cyperus Tuberosus.” The root of a grass, black and full of hair, like bristles, found in the cold season. It is cool, sweet, heavy; used in disorders of bile, blood, and general heat; it induces costiveness, increases semen, phlegm, and wind, and allays thirst. If eaten with its outer rind, or only chewed, and the juice swallowed, it will be less heavy and hurtful; some bruise it and drink sherbet thus made with sugar, and it is thus more cooling and useful in cases of gonorrhoea, and the effects of hot winds, but in this case the outer rind must be removed.

742 Kustooryea Mirg ?????? ???.—Its meat is sweet to the taste, light and flatulent, creating appetite; that of the female is cool: useful in fever, cough, disorders of blood, and difficulty of breathing. It is said to be common in Thibet and Bengal. It resembles the deer, and has two ridges on its back lengthways. Musk is procured from its abdomen in this manner: When it is ripe, it produces itching about the navel, and the animal rubbing it on sharp pointed stones, causes it to discharge in the form of matter. This is the finest and best kind of musk, and the gentleman, with whom I was, received some of it every two years, from the Rajah of Shirinaghur.

743 Kussoombh ???????.—A. Masphir. “Artemisia Abrotanum.” It is sweet, and very hot, and dry; light, and increases bile; cures disorders of blood, mucus, and suppression of urine.

744 Kustoorie ??????.—Bitter, hot, heavy, aphrodisiac; useful in colds, disorders of phlegm and wind; allays vomiting; removes swellings; corrects offensive breath and loss of smell. One kind of it is called Lutta Kustoorie, vide L.

745 Kussees ????.—“Sulphas Ferri.” A kind of Zaaj; astringent, cool; increases eye-sight, and clears the skin; vermifuge and an antidote to poisons; also a kind called Heera Roopus.

746 Kukrownela ????????.—The Kurrownda.

747 Kukora ?????.—The fruit of a shrub of India, smaller than the Kurela; it has many hair-like fibres of a green colour over its surface, and it has numerous seeds. Its properties are the same as the Kurela. It is useful in that eruption which takes place on the face in puberty; beneficial in fever and phlegm, and creates appetite. One kind of it is called Banje Kakora. It is bitter, an antidote to poisons; useful in that eruption of the face called acne punctata. Its root is used in Zaerbad, in discussing swellings, and in the bites of all noxious reptiles, and it is also of benefit in cough. Some have said, that this is the wild Kurela, but this is not the fact, for the wild Kurela is essentially different and more resembles the garden sort.

748 Kookra ?????.—“Wild fowl.” P. Deek. It is hot, moist, heavy, aphrodisiac; used in disorders of wind; is tonic; produces semen and increases mucus. Its flesh is astringent to the taste; dry and heavy; and those found near rivers are hot and aphrodisiac, and increase mucus.

749 Kookrie ?????.—The female of the above. A. Dejaje: the properties the same.

750 Kukrie ????.—“Cucumis Utilissimus.” Unripe, it is sweet and cool, heavy, cardiac, and astringent. In my opinion it is aperient, creates appetite, and removes bilious disorders.

751 Gugundool ??? ???.—The best kind of this is the Kumbi; it is eaten wasted in ghee, with salt and condiments.

752 Googeerun ?????? or Gugeeroo. A plant from 1 to 1½ yards high; the branches very thin, the leaves like the Nirkut; it is purgative, and when ripe, it is heavy; recommended in wind, blood, and affections of mouth.

753 Kukrownda ???????.—The common Kurrownda. The plant is half a yard or more in height, its leaves like the tobacco; but smaller. It has an offensive smell, much increased by being rubbed betwixt the finger; it grows near ruins or in waste places, and is found in the rains. It is a kind of Bhangra, and has the name of Kokurbangra; it is bitter, pungent; useful in fevers and disorders of the blood and mucus. If bruised in water, and the water given as a clyster to children, it will remove ascarides, and if three drops be dropped into each ear, it will cure intermittents. It is very beneficial in bleeding piles, both internally and externally. If one direm of the leaves be taken in water, and the bruised leaves applied to the piles, it will effect a cure.

754 Gillo ????.—“Menispermum Glabrum,” (vide Goorcha,) or Vaoutvellee or Imrutlutta, or Jurnasnie, (a febrifuge,) or Goorajie, or Goondunie. It is bitter, astringent, and sweet, and in digestion hot, light; inducing costiveness; tonic; increases appetite; beneficial in jaundice and Juzam; also in acne, cracks in the skin, nausea, fevers, and bilious disorders. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÆ. It has been said to be cold. In my opinion it is either, according as it is prescribed with other medicines. I have given it in continued fever, in the quantity of one direm, cut small and infused in water for a night, with great success. The Hindoos give a decoction of it in fevers. I have given it in various ways in gonorrhoea, as a tonic, an aphrodisiac, &c. Take of Bunslochun and Sut Gillo, each one masha, mix and give in intermittents, or with cardamoms. My father used it in pills made up with conserve of roses, with great efficacy, in fevers of the continued kind; also with the whey of Kasni. Its powder is likewise used with tin in gonorrhoea, but I have written more of this in my other works. To make refined or Sut Gillo—

Take the Gillo, cut it in small pieces, and squeeze out the juice into a vessel, then add plain water, and strongly mix them together, let them remain thus for 24 hours, then throw away the clear water, and dry the precipitate for use.

755 Gulhar ?????.—“Nymphea Nilambo, Linn. Nilumbium Speciosum, W.” The flower of the Kawul (Lotus). It is cool, dry, heavy, and astringent, and shuts up the chest. The centre of the flower, or yellow fructification, is called Kesur, or Kinjeluk; it is cool; induces costiveness; useful in bleeding piles; also in disorders of bile and mucus. Its seed is usually called Kawulgutta; they are produced in the hot season; they are sweet, cool; beneficial in bilious disorders, foulness of blood, general heat, and increase mucus and wind. I have given them in the diarrhoea of infants, mixed with the water which they drank, with great benefit. The green part of the seed bruised in water, I have also given to children with great good effect in wind and diarrhoea. It is likewise given in eruptions of the mouth. The stem of the flower and root are cool and dry; aphrodisiac, astringent, and cure disorders of bile, blood, and general heat. The flowers are of two kinds: one opens to the sun, and accompanies him round as he moves, and shuts its leaves when he disappears; this is white, with a red tinge, six-leaved, the yellow centre fructification, in the shape of an inverted cone. Its seed is sweet and cool; clears the complexion; of use in disorders of mucus, bile, blood, thirst, general heat, Juzam, and blisters. It is an antidote to poisons, and beneficial in acne of all kinds.

The other kind has four leaves, of a white color, opens to the moon, and accompanies her, in progress, as the other does the sun; but does not shut on her disappearance. The red and blue kinds, if they have any degree of whiteness, are called Komode or Komoodutti; these names are in allusion to their property of flowering by the moon’s influence, but they are more seldom met with. The blue is called also Neeloofir.

756 Goolkhairoo ??????.—The marsh-mallow, or rather the mallow.

757 Kulumbuk ?????.—A tree of a heavy texture, much veined; it is commonly called Mulugeer, but this name is also applied to some kinds of lime.

758 Kooleejan ??????.—“Piper Betel.” The best kind is red, thick, and full of knots. It is hot and dry in the 2nd degree; it is cardiac; cures cholicks, pains in the kidnies; increases the strength of the digestive organs, useful in rheumatism of the joints, decreases the flow of urine; beneficial in epilepsy, headache; is aphrodisiac; and is proper for those having a superabundance of mucus. A little kept in the mouth will cure paralysis of the tongue; it clears the voice, and in the quantity of one direm with cow’s milk taken, fasting, it is highly tonic and aphrodisiac. Its corrector is any oily substance or Kuteera (a gum).

759 Koolunta ?????.—A kind of Satawur.

760 Keloondha ???????.—A name for the fruit of the Mowa tree.

761 Kulownjee ??????.—A name for Siadana; expels wind and flatulence.

762 Kumode ???? or Komoodutti, a kind of Gulhar. “Rottlera tinctoria.”

763 Kumruk ????.—“Averrhoa Carambola,” or Kumruka. A large tree, with many pointed leaves, which when full grown are longer than the Singtirra leaf, of a green color and soft texture. The fruit is common and three-cornered; they are of an acid sweetness, and produced in the cold season, and make delicious sherbet; cool, astringent; useful in bile and wind, also in disorders of phlegm. From their acidity, the fruit are injurious to the tongue. This may be corrected by eating them with salt or lime.

764 Gumbhar ??????.—Sweet, hot, heavy, and produces wind; useful in disorders of bile, blood, and pains in the bowels, and induces costiveness. Its fruit is heavy and tonic; clears the hair of the head; increases seminal secretion; cures disorders of bile, wind, hectic fever, thirst, and foulness of the blood; is diuretic, and forms an ingredient in all famous prescriptions: called also Gumbharie or Gumbheer.

765 Kawul ????.—“NymphÆa Nelumbo.” A name of Gulhar.

766 Kawulguth ???? ????.—The seed of the Gulhar.

767 Kowla ?????.—A kind of orange, less strong, and of weaker properties than the Sangtirra; but in other respects the same; from its acid it removes stagnation of bile, and is useful in cough and asthma.

768 Goond ????.—“Jasminum grandiflorum?” The wild Raibile; the flower cool and light; used in disorders of bile and mucus, and in head-aches; an antidote to poisons, and communicates its perfume to any article from which oil is to be extracted, and gives the oil the quality of strengthening the brain, and of being useful in affections from cold. In my opinion, the flower is hot, as is also oil impregnated with its odour. If it is mixed or rubbed with oil, and used as an unguent in itch, it is equally effectual as the Chumbeley.

769 Gunyar ?????.—A flower of India, possessing tonic properties; it strengthens the stomach; used in the cure of Juzam, boils, eruptions, disorders of the blood, swellings, and in cleansing ulcers.

770 Kunkole ?????.—A seed resembling Peepul, only a little larger; it creates appetite; is hot; useful in affections of the heart, affections of wind and mucus.

771 Koontukphill ???? ???.—A name for Lukudj, or Burhael; it is also called Kuntukanta, from its being very prickly.

772 Kundurdolie ???????.—The name of a plant, cool, light and astringent; useful in heat, feverishness, thirst, disorders of mucus, blood and bile, Juzam, and fever. It also softens iron.

773 Koondoorie ??????.—A fruit like the Pulwull, of an oval shape. It is acid, grows as a creeper, and used as a culinary vegetable; useful in bilious disorders, foulness of blood, and general heat. Is emetic, and reduces corpulency. Induces costiveness, flatulence, and wind; also aphrodisiac. It is bitter, pungent; removes phlegm, and is an antidote to poisons. In my opinion, it is cool and moist, aperient; weakens the stomach, promotes absorption by increasing the tone of the absorbents, and expedites digestion.

774 Kungni ?????.—P. Kawurs, Sheerazee Kaal. Cool and bitter, dry and astringent, yet diuretic; but if boiled in milk, its drying quality will be corrected. It is very generally used as food. It increases the viscidity of mucus, and promotes a disposition to gravel. Its corrector is sugar. It is hurtful to the lungs; but here its corrector is Mustaghi. In its general properties, it comes near the Cheena; externally applied hot, it removes rheumatic pains. “Panicum Italicum.”

775 Gundheel ??????.—A. Azkhir, and some kinds called Mirchiakund. This is a common plant, about a yard high; its flowers sweet-scented: the properties of all are, I fancy, the same. It is astringent to the taste, and bitter during digestion; hot, useful in affections of the throat and heart, disorders of bile, blood, mucus, difficulty of breathing, cough, and fever.

776 Goondur ????.—A kind of Loonia, q. v.

777 Kunaer ????? or Kurneer. It is of two kinds, the white called Kurbaer, and the red Ruketphup. The plant grows to the height of a man; its branches numerous, and growing from near the root; its leaves long as the bambu leaf and thicker, green and finely veined. It is hot and light; decreases eye-sight, useful in Juzam, boils and eruptions, acne, itch; is vermifuge, and may be ranked among the poisons. Its flowers kept in the house produce strife. The root and its bark is used as an application in cures of deficient aphrodisiac power. A. Dufflie. “Nerium Odorum.”

778 Koonja ?????.—Vide Goonchee.

779 Kumbeela ??????.—Bitter, laxative, and hot; used in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood; is lithontriptic and vermifuge; cures Badgola, dropsy, and boils; its green leaves are cool and astringent to the stomach; it is called also Kumbeel.

780 Gunduk ????.—“Live Sulphur.” In digestion it is bitter and hot, also soft; beneficial in Juzam, affections of the spleen, disorders of mucus and wind, and increases bile. It is an ingredient in many favorite prescriptions. A. Ribreet. Its aruk is excellent as an application in itch, and as a tonic is pungently acid and hurtful to the teeth; indeed so very acid is it, that it dissolves shells, and is called Tezab; but though acid, it is aphrodisiac.

To make Tezab (Sulphuric Acid).

Take a China cup, and make in it three holes, to suspend it (by a wire of zinc); place a lamp on a low triangle (tripod), and fill the lamp with sulphur; and making several wicks, mix them with the sulphur, and set fire to them; place the China cup under the tripod, and the aruk will come over into it by drops. Care must be taken to admit no wind; when this is lighted the smoke destroys cloth. I have written of the properties of this more at large in my other works.

The properties of Sulphuric Acid.

It is hot, creates appetite, expels wind, strengthens the stomach, loins, and back. It is aphrodisiac, useful in disorders of mucus and blood, in paralysis, convulsions, and pains in the stomach, and discusses enlargement of the spleen, if taken to the quantity of from one to four soorkhs in water. It will cure tooth-ache if applied to the hollow of the tooth, but care must be taken that it does not come in contact with a sound tooth. It cures all kinds of Psora, whether dry or moist, applied by itself or in ointment. Taken internally with oil of roses, it loosens phlegm; applied to the white spots of leprosy, it will remove them. If nutmegs, cinnamon, and cloves be moistened with it, and dried, they will become powerful condiments.

781 Kunoocha ?????.—A name for Mirve.

782 Gundhur ?????.—A name for culinary greens—see Chowlai.

783 Gundhka ??????.—A title of Mudukpurnie; it derives its name from the property of preserving the hair.

784 Kunghi ?????.—“Malva Sylvestris.—(The Mallow) vide Goolkhairoo. The mallow, emollient and demulcent, AlthÆa officinalis.” The name of a flower-stem of India, about a man’s height, more or less. Its leaves are round, smooth, serrated, and pointed. It is of two kinds, a small and larger, the leaves large and small accordingly. It has a small yellow flower; inside the seed vessel are many divisions, in which the seeds are contained. It is very useful in piles.

A man had the bleeding piles to an annoying degree of severity. A physician advised him to eat some of the leaves of this, bruised, and made up with pepper into pills; he made up large pills or balls, and eat them as directed, and was cured in a few days. If the fresh leaves are used, they should be mixed with water and drank; if the dried leaves are preferred, they should be made into pills. It is mucilaginous and demulcent.

785 Gooroochna ???????.—or Gooroochun. A stone, of a yellow color, on which grass or moss grows; it is astringent and cool, beneficial in possession, and whoever keeps it by them, will escape the influence of all evils; it is useful in disorders of blood, and prevents abortion by its tonic property in giving strength to the uterus. It is the name for Huzerool bukur.

786 Goorcha ?????.—“Menispermum cordifolium, W. Guduchi, S. Citamerdu, Van Rheede, H. M. vii. 39. Menispermum Verrucosum, Roxb. MS. Putra Waly. Jao. Funis Felleus, Rumph. Amb. v. 82. Sp. ch. perennial, scandent, verrucose, leaves cordate, acuminate, entire, smooth, male racemes from the naked branches simple, nectareal scales inserted in the filaments. Every part of this plant exceedingly bitter; used for the cure of intermittents; it is said by Captain Wright, to be as powerful a febrifuge as the Peruvian Bark. V. Gillo.”

787 Gowrdun ?????.—A name for Koocha, called also Sutpootrie. It is the name of the Kooza flower, red with a yellow fructification in the centre. It has a fine perfume, and a distilled water is made from it; it is a cinquefoil. One kind of it is the Goolseutie, P. Aussureen. This is white, but a third kind is also red. All three are cool, light, and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of the three secretions and of blood. It is cardiac, astringent, and improves the complexion. I have found the white the most effectual, and have often used its conserve and distilled water in lowness of spirits.

788 Gomenduk ??????.—A common stone, resembling in its properties the Chanderkanth.

789 Gooma ????.—A medicine of India; sweet, pungent, hot, dry, heavy, aperient; used in disorders of wind, bile, mucus; in jaundice and in swellings, and is vermifuge. All this the author of the Dhara Shekoi has related. The common Gooma is different.

790 Goww ???.—A tree common in Cashmere, of a hot quality; used in seminal weakness, inflammatory disorders of the nose, effects of poison, disorders of mucus, and Juzam. It is vermifuge; its fruit increases phlegm, and its gum is heavy, aphrodisiac; beneficial in disorders of wind.

791 Kobhee ?????.—“Hieracum, Bruce MS.” This is of three kinds, one of which is used as food for the parroquet. Its leaf is like that of the radish when in an imperfect state. It is cool, light, and astringent; used in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood; in seminal weakness, cough, boils, eruptions, and fever, and produces wind.

792 Gowrbaghan ????????.—Cool; useful in general heat and disorders of blood.

793 Godoon ?????.—A common grain used by villagers; tonic.

794 Gowruk ????.—A kind of Lawa.

795 Koonj ????.—A name for Kulungh. Its meat cures disorders of wind and mucus.

796 Koonch ????.—A medicine of Hindostan. If its seed-vessel be applied to the skin, it produces great itching; if it is washed in cow-dung and water, this effect will be removed. Its seed is like the bean, smooth, and of a purple color; it is hard, and if the end is cut off, and it be applied to the part stung by a scorpion, it will remove the pain, and cannot be removed till the poison is extracted; and when this is accomplished, it falls off itself, and will be found from its power of suction to have become much larger. It is sweet, increases semen, lengthens aphrodisia, and is useful in diffusion of bile in the blood. It is beneficial in old ulcers, and is a favorite ingredient in aphrodisiac formulÆ.

Maadentezerrubad.

Kooch is a medicine of India; its seed cold and hot in equilibrium; drying, aphrodisiac; strengthens the loins, useful in piles and cough, and increases the consistence of semen. If half a direm of the leaves be bruised with seven of the long fruit of the peepul in water, and given to drink, it will be found powerfully vermifuge. It also clears the intestines of all noxious matter. If 10 direms be bruised in 50 direms of water, and drank for seven days, it will cure Lues Venerea.

The succedaneum is Aotungun. The dose two direms of the seed. It is also called Kooncha, vide Kewanch.

797 Kowrie ????.—“CyprÆa Monita.” P. Khirmora. It is sweet and pungent, cool and flatulent; used in bile and heat; beneficial in affections of the eyes and in blisters. If burnt and introduced into the ear, I have found it of use in diseases of that organ. It is excellent for cleansing and drying venereal sores.

798 Kawaal ????.—(The Hog.) Its meat is heating, moist, light, and increases semen to a great degree; induces corpulence, creates appetite, and is tonic. Its fat is very aphrodisiac as an external application; it is also useful as an application to the eyes, as a stomachic, preserving health, and producing aphrodisia. Is tonic; useful in sprains and disorders of the three secretions. P. Khunzeer.

799 Kowa ???.—The Crow. P. Zaagh or Kolagh. A. Ghorab. Its properties are mentioned in Yunani works in India; it is also called Koral.

800 Kokla ?????.—“Indian Cuckoo.” A black bird, which in the commencement of the hot weather has a fine and strong note; its flesh creates appetite, induces costiveness, and is useful in disorders of wind and mucus.

801 Goh ???.—The Guana. Its flesh is tonic, aphrodisiac, stomachic, and used in disorders of bile and wind. A. Zubbub. P. Soosmar.

802 Kowadoorie ???????.—A. Hubbunneel.

803 Gokhroo ?????? also Kunthphill; cures difficulty of breathing, cough, and suppression of urine. Is lithontriptic; useful in affections of the heart and wind.

A. Khussuk. It is of two kinds, a cultivated and wild. Its plant is like the melon; its branches spreading widely on the ground. Its fruit is hard and triangular, with prickles on its angles; thus it is called Gokhroo. P. Kharkhusuk. There is a larger kind called Gokhroo Dekanee. In the Dhunterri, it is said to be beneficial in the three secretions, to create appetite, beneficial in dysentery and pains of the bowels, to increase semen, induce corpulency, to be cool, sweet, and aphrodisiac, tonic, useful in seminal weakness, gonorrhoea, and pains in the urinary bladder. “Tribulus Lanuginosus.”

804 Gowdunta ??????.—A kind of arsenic, of a light red color.

805 Gota ????.—Sweet, bitter, pungent, hot, light, and aphrodisiac; useful in Soorkhbad, acne, cough, Juzam, and disorders of wind and bile.

806 Kookurchundie ????????.—Obtains the name from its being an emetic to dogs.

807 Kookurbangra ??????????.—A name for Kukrownda.

808 Goondroo ?????? or Goonderuk. A name for Koondur, a gum resembling Mastich, but more red; it cures disorders of wind, mucus, and fever; restrains perspiration; is aphrodisiac; strengthens memory; gives tone to the stomach, urinary bladder, brain.

809 Googul ????.—Amygris Agalocha (Roxb.) sweet and bitter, hot and aperient; increases appetite; increases the bulk of the solids, and is aphrodisiac; reunites fractured bones, discusses indurations; used in disorders of wind, mucus, blood, boils, eruptions, ill-conditioned ulcers, seminal weakness, Juzam, Soorkhbad, debility, emaciation, sweating sickness, acne, and swellings. The older it is the more effectual. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÆ. A. Mukul. One kind is called Bhainsia Googul.

810 Goondinie ??????.—A common fruit of Hindostan, of a red color, and fine coat, about the size of the Khalsa, or larger, and more oval. It is aperient, suppurant, and vermifuge. It is sweet and cool; of use in cough and flatulence, but if taken in quantity, produces nausea.

811 Gooha ????.—A name for Perestpirnie; also the name of an insect like the cricket, but larger; it makes much noise in the rains.

812 Goolur ????.—“Ficus Glomerata.” A common fruit; when young, it is green, but when ripe, it becomes red, and in this state it is filled with small insects; it is said that if eaten without being opened, it will be found beneficial for the eyes. It is called cool and dry; some say hot and moist: but in my opinion it is cool and moist, and decreases bile. My father prescribed it in its unripe state in laxities of the bowels, and also in bleeding piles. The physicians of India have described it as astringent; it is slow of digestion. The bark of the tree is useful in ulcers, and as an external application in severe bruises. Water drank after its use, produces pain in the bowels. The Goolur eat with barley-meal or sugar, is useful in giddiness and heat in the liver. Its milk applied to boils, hasten suppuration or resolution.

Maadentezerrubad.

Goolur is cool and moist; useful in bilious complaints, heat, thirst, and running at the nose from heat. The decoction of the bark removes poison from wounds inflicted by the claws of the tiger, cat, or other animal. The root bruised in water is useful in dysentery, in a dose of two direms.

813 Goonma ?????.—“Pharnaceum mollugo.” The plant grows in waste and wild places, and is very common. It is about a yard high, and grows in the rains; it is many-flowered; and when young they are of a red color, but become grey when dry, and full of small holes; they are round and curled.

814 Koonda ?????.—Koonda, called also Pita. A. Midjdubeh, and in P. Puzdubeh. It is a creeper; its leaves like the Gourd leaf, or larger; its fruit twice as large as a melon. When unripe, it is cooling, and useful in bilious disorders and wind; it increases mucus. When ripe, it is sweet and pungent; it is equal in its properties; light; creates appetite; assists digestion; useful in disorders of the stomach and of the three secretions. The fibres of its root, its leaves, and branches, are sweet; beneficial in disorders of wind and mucus; are lithontriptic: the soft part of the fruit is sweet, removes gravel and other disorders of the urinary bladder; cures bilious disorders, and is aphrodisiac. The particular mode of administering it, I have described in my other works. It is very useful as an aphrodisiac, and for increasing the bulk of the solids. Cucurbita Pepo.

Its sherbet is useful in all the disorders above mentioned, also in depression of spirits from heat, in mania or disordered imagination; increases appetite and evacuates bile.

The sherbet is thus prepared:

A piece is cut off from the end of the fruit, and the inside scooped out till the hand can be admitted; this is to be filled with fine sugar, taking care to preserve all the juice. The divided piece is then to be re-applied, the division secured with moistened flour; it is then placed in the sun, during the hot season, for four days, or in the cold weather for a week. It by this process becomes acid like oxymel; the juice is then taken out, strained, and seasoned with cardamums, saffron, musk, and cloves, or other articles as may be deemed proper, and preserved in bottles for use; the dose is four tolahs, but it will not keep good beyond a week.

815 Khaer ????.—Vide Kut. “Acacia Catechu, Mimosa Catechu. Chadira, S.” A tree of the jungles, from which Catechu is produced. It is called also Cudder. “One of the best applications in ulcers I ever tried, is composed of Catechu, Camphor, and white lead, in equal parts.”—Trans.

816 Geerehti ??????.—A plant, about a yard high, or less; the largest kind is named Geerehta, also Mahabela. Its leaves are larger, as well as the tree, than the Geerehtee; but the latter is to be preferred as a medicine. It is sweet, cool, moist, and astringent, useful in Soorkhbad, disorders of bile, affections of the uterus, and clears the complexion.

817 Kherie ????.—An earth of a white color used in cleaning houses; one kind of it is called Goorboghan.

818 Kyrnie ?????.—One kind of it is named Chupuk. It is the fruit of a very large tree, of a yellow color, about the size of a date, but thicker; both kinds are cool and moist, heavy and tonic; useful in thirst, delirium, heaviness of the head, and disorders of all the secretions. If the kernel is bruised in water and applied to the eyes, it will remove opacities of the cornea—this I know from my grand-father’s experience.

In my opinion, it is cardiac and stomachic, and gently astringent; when ripe it is very generally useful. Some have called it hot in the second and dry in the first degree. If eaten when unripe, there is fear of its producing cholic. Its corrector is dhaie. The kernel is bitter.

819 Koontanduk ????????.—A kind of Rice, like the Saatee in its properties.

820 Ghora ?????.—P. Asp. The horse; its meat is sweet to the taste, but bitter in digestion. It is light, creates appetite, increases bile and mucus, beneficial in disorders of wind, and increases aphrodisia. It is generally tonic, and strengthens the eyes. I have often eat of it, and believe it to be hot and tonic, but it is hurtful to those of hot temperament. In some countries, it is used as food, and it was so used by Vizier Nawab Kumruddin Khan. I have remarked, that when used in this country as food by the natives of other countries, it produces a fermentation in the blood, and consequent eruptions in the mouth and tongue. Its properties are particularly noticed in Yunani works, and I have conversed with many who considered the milk of the mare excellent as a stomachic and aphrodisiac.

821 Khutmul ????? ????.—P. Saas. A. Fusafush. It is bred in beds or other furniture. Its smell is very useful in epilepsy; bruised in water and used as an injection into the urethra, it will be found useful in suppression of urine.

822 Kujoor ????.—Phoenix dactylifera or Phoenix Silvestris or Khurjoor. A. Kittub. It has many fruits, even to the number of many hundreds: in its properties it is very similar to the Pind-Kajoor.

823 Khaperia ??????.—A. Tooti. P. Sungbusseri. It is useful in affections of the eyes and eye sight. Its powder beneficial for cleaning and healing ulcers. Its ointment I have noticed in my other publications. I have known a person who used it commonly as a tonic to the stomach, and for correcting laxities of the bowels. It is also used in Indian Recipes, but I have never seen that any physician of celebrity recommended its use.

824 Keera ???? or Kheera. One kind of this is bitter, but both are cool and dry, diuretic, and aperient; useful in disorders of bile, lithontriptic, and beneficial in suppression of urine. The ripe fruit is sweet and little astringent. The Balum-kheera is a kind of this, but of less efficacy. The large kind, from its efficacy and scarcity, was usually sent to the emperor by the Marwar Rajah. It is highly spoken of for the cure of Remittent Fever.

825 Khand ?????.—Heavy, creating appetite, tonic, aperient; useful in thirst, general heat, delirium, disorders of bile and wind; but if eaten to excess it produces bile.

826 Khylakhylie ??????????.—A name for Silleekha. Its rind is hard and thick, and of a round shape; it is of a reddish clay color. It is the bark of a tree; some say it is not the Silleekha, but that it nearly resembles it. It forms an ingredient in formulÆ for strengthening the loins and kidnies. It dries up the vagina, and is used by women in the cold season as an ingredient in Peendie.

827 Ghekwaar ??? ???? or Ghwar. “Aloe Perfoliata, W. Ghrita Cumari and Taruni, S. Elwa (the gum), H. Musebber, A. Suc d’Aloes (the gum), F. Glausinde Aloe, G. Aloe, I. Aloe, Sp.” It is the Sibr plant, and is in height about a yard, becoming small towards the top; it is full of juice of an offensive smell; it (the leaf) is serrated on the edges, and is of a green color. It is bitter, cool, and aperient, useful in affections of the spleen and liver, disorders of mucus, bile, blood, fever, blisters, and hardness of the skin; and slightly increases bile. If rubbed with water on the hands, fire may be held with impunity. Its juice is well known as a medicine, mixed with anise seed; it is excellent in pains of the bowels. I have written more of its virtues in my other works, and the prescription there mentioned is excellent in all disorders from cold. The pulp of the leaf with alum and opium is excellent in ophthalmia; its juice dropt into the eye.

828 Goongchee ?????.—“Abrus Precatorius. Gooncha, H. Gunja, S. The seed called Retti, H. Rectica, S. The root of the plant coincides very exactly in appearance, taste, and medicinal qualities with the liquorice root, and is sold for it in the bazar; vide Glycine Abrus, Linn, Flem.”

Maadentezerrubad.

Goongchee, called also Retti, is hot and dry; its dose one direm. In the opinion of the people of India, it is cool and dry in the third degree. It is emetic, and violently purgative, and is considered a poison. If the Goongchee is reduced to a coarse powder, moistened with water, and bruised and fried in sweet oil, till it is dissolved; this oil applied in the morning to the head, and washed off at night, and this repeated for 21 days, it will greatly increase the growth of the hair; its leaves and branches thus prepared have the same effect

If the Red Goongcha, having its bark peeled off, be coarse pounded to the quantity of eight ounces, and boiled in eight pounds of cow’s milk, till only three pounds remain, then coagulated, and its butter extracted; the butter will reproduce hair on any parts which may have been deprived of it by venereal or other disease, and the effect will take place by its continuance for a fortnight. The white Goonchee, in the quantity of two direms, given internally for three days, with sugar, to a woman, will render her barren.

829 Khelowrie ???????.—The name for the composition of certain pills, about the size of Peepul seed, sold covered with silver leaf; they are highly scented, and improve the smell of the mouth; they enliven the spirits and strengthen the stomach. They are made of Kuth in this manner:

The Catechu is first mixed well with water, and the precipitate taken for use. This is boiled in cow’s milk, or sometimes in the above-mentioned water; then Musk Amber and Rose-water are added, or the distilled water of Keora, and from this the pills are formed.

830 Khull ???.—A name for Kus’boosum seem; the refuse of Till. It is heavy and flatulent, weakens eye-sight; is aphrodisiac; and is used as a soap to remove grease from the hands.

831 Khopra ?????.—A name for Narzeel. Its properties mentioned in Yunani works.

832 Khewumberie ????? ????.—The wild fig; useful in white leprosy. All Indian physicians use the root in this disease, both internally and externally; some have called it hot, others cold; it is likewise named Kewumber.

833 Khesoo ?????.—A root; the leaf of its tree resembles a tiger’s claws. Its flower is yellow; the tree large and common all over the jungles, and becomes of a red color like fire.

834 Khynth ???????.—A tree of India; its fruit acid like the apple when unripe; it is light; cures thirst, hiccup, disorders of wind and bile. It clears the throat; is difficult of digestion, and strengthens the stomach, and is lithontriptic; beneficial in fulness of the head, and is cool and dry in the second degree.

835 Gheyd ???.—A kind of Vulture. Its flesh is beneficial in disorders of the eyes; it is a bird of prey; hot and dry: it is of a black color, though some have described it as grey. The Baaz and Joorra are used in hawking. A. Okab, P. Aal.

836 Kinchua ?????.—A name of Kherrateen. The earth-worm. It is used in oil and fomentation as an aphrodisiac, and for this purpose the most powerful is the Lumbricus discharged from the human subject.

Maadentezerrubad.

It is said, that if the Kinchua be dried and mixed with dhaie, it will contract the vagina. If it be mixed with sweet oil, and boiled, and in this Zaftroomie (pitch) be dissolved, and the mixture externally applied, it will increase the size of the male organ. From the worm a kind of copper is procured, which is called in India Paak Tamba. If put in the mouth it has this effect, that the taste of the neeb, or pungency of chunam will not be perceptible. It is an antidote to all animal as well as vegetable poisons, and hydrophobia; useful in want of power in the digestive organs and pains in the bowels. Its powder is useful in the Soorkhbad, and kept in the mouth, prevents thirst; and if kept about the person a snake will not approach or bite. Thus prepared:—The fresh worms are taken and put into a copper vessel, over them is poured lime juice, and the vessel well luted, is placed on the fire; when well boiled, the medicine will be found adhering to the top and sides of the vessel.

Another mode.

Take of white lead and borax, each eight direms; turmeric and bullock’s bile, each four direms; worms and honey, each 24 direms; mix and fry the whole in cow’s ghee, and when fried, make the mass into balls. Place these balls in an earthen vessel on the fire, and by means of bellows increase the heat, and keep it so, for some time; and when taken off the fire, the Paak Tamba will be found in small grains at the bottom.

837 Gyndha ??????.—Rhinoceros. A four-footed beast, larger than the buffaloe. Its skin black and indented; it is very hard, and used for making shields, which are held in great estimation. It has a horn near its nose. Its flesh is used in disorders of wind, and decreases urine and fÆces. The smoke of the horn while burning is excellent in the cure of piles, and for producing easy labour; drinking water from a cup made of the horn will also cure the piles. P. Kurguddun.

838 Kenkra ??????.—Its flesh is cool, and strengthens the seven component parts of the body; is aphrodisiac, and remedies profuse discharge of the menses. “The Crab.”

839 Kesur ???? or Kunkum. Saffron. It is pungent and hot; exhilirates the spirit; useful in hiccup and in affections of the skin from a taint in the blood; it is beneficial in head-ache; allays vomiting; is vermifuge; cures boils and disorders of the three secretions, and cleans the complexion. P. Zaffraan.

840 Kyte ???.—When unripe, it is light; induces costiveness; used in disorders of the three secretions. When ripe, it becomes of a bitterish sweet, and is useful in dropsy, eruptions of the mouth, and in wind. It is heavy, clears the throat, is slow of digestion, and allays thirst.

841 Kytiputtrie ???? ????.—Its leaves resemble the Kyte; it is hot and pungent; used in disorders from poison, phlegm in the throat, and seminal weakness.

842 Kyloot ?????.—Cool, astringent; useful in eruptions of the mouth, in mucus, and flatulent disorders.

843 Keora ?????.—Pandanus Odoratissimus, (Roxb.) It is like the Ketki, but it is twice as large; its leaves are prickly, and about the same thickness throughout. It is in fact like a head of Indian corn before its leaves recede. It has a very powerful, penetrating, diffusible scent, more perceptible at a distance than when close; and after it is dried the smell remains. If it is put amongst linen, the smell will adhere to it for a length of time. The plant is about 12 feet high; its leaves resemble the Juwar, and are long and trefoil, with prickles upon all of them; it flowers when four years old. Earth is thrown up round the roots every year. In the Deccan and in Behar, it is very common. A distilled water is made from its flowers, which is cardiac and stomachic.

844 Kethki ?????.—Also Pandanus Odoratissimus, for it is a kind of Keora. The Sirrunkethkie is also a species of this.

845 Kewanch ??????.—Sweet, hot, heavy, and aphrodisiac; produces an increased secretion of semen. Its seed is useful in disorders of wind, and is also aphrodisiac. It is a name for Kabeakudje, and that is a species of Curruf’s junglee. It is also a name for Dolichos Pruriens or Cow-itch.

846 Kela ????.—Musa Paradisiaca. The Plantain or Banana. The tree is straight, about the height of a spear. Its leaves, when young, come out in the form of a round ruler, and are soft as satin, and much resembling it, with cross marks resembling the plaits of cloth. The leaf when expanded is very long and broad. Its flower is a hard substance, of a pyramidal shape, and covered with leaves of a dark-red color. Every tree which has flowered bears 70 or 80 plantains, formed in distinct rows round a centre stem, and the tree bears only once. And the fruit ripe, the tree must be cut down, to leave room for others to spring up from the same root. There are many kinds of this fruit. The best kind is small, and called Imrutbean; and the people of India have said that the camphor is produced from it: but those who say so are ignorant, the camphor tree is very different. Its root is tonic; beneficial in disorders of bile, blood, and mucus, and in gonorrhoea; but it weakens aphrodisia. The fruit is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy; increases flatulence and mucus; useful in disorders of bile, blood, wind, and heat of the chest. A. Mooz. The natives of India dress the unripe fruit with meat, or even dress it alone; and the Hindoos dress the heart of the branches for food. This I have found very effectual as an aphrodisiac and for increasing semen, and as a tonic to the brain. It weakens the stomach, and is heavy; its corrector is cardamum seed. The Yunani physicians say, that its correctors are honey, gum, and ginger.

847 Keetkarode ????????.—A name for Baraicund.

848 Keekur ???? or Babool. “Acacia Arabica, W. Babool, H. Barbura, S. Babool ka Goond (the gum), H. The bark, like that of most of the Acacias, is a powerful astringent, and is used as a substitute for Oak bark in tanning by leather-manufacturers in India. Gomme Arabique, F. Arabischen Gummi, G. Gomma Arabica, I. Vullam pisin, Tam.” A common prickly tree of the jungles; its leaves very numerous and small; it is of two kinds, a large and a small. The young trees have very numerous prickles, the old trees have fewer; its bark kept in the mouth relieves cough. Its leaves heated and applied to the eye removes heat and inflammation; both kinds are astringent, hot, and pungent, useful in cough, mucus, and diseases proceeding from mucus; restrain laxatives of the bowels, and are useful in piles. The young leaves infused for a night in water, in the morning bruised in the water, and this drank, will be found very useful in gonorrhoea and itchiness of the bladder.

849 Keet ??? or Keetie. The refuse or scoriÆ of iron; it is sweet, pungent, and hot; beneficial in wind, worms, cholicks, seminal weakness, and swellings.

850 Gehoon ?????.—A name for Gundum. A. Hinta. It is oleaginous and slow of digestion; facilitates the junction of fractured bones. Is soft, tonic, useful in mucus, and increases semen. Its oil is beneficial in Daad and swellings from vitiated bile. The oil is thus made:—White Gehoon is moistened for a night in water, and in the morning the oil is extracted.

851 Geroo ????.—It is sweet, astringent, and cool; useful in ulcers; clears the skin; beneficial in piles, heat, and incipient phlegmon. It resembles the Gilermonie, and is often substituted for it.