APPENDIX.

Previous
Virginia Penny
INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS OF PARIS, IN 1848.
OCCUPATIONS. Number of Men. Number of Women. Minimum of Men's Wages per Day. Maximum of Men's Wages per Day. Minimum of Women's Wages per Day. Maximum of Women's Wages per Day. Months when Work is slack.
cents $ cts cents cents
Makers of Accordions 217 51 40 1 00 15 35 Jan., Feb., Aug.
Sculptors in Alabaster Night Lamps, and Wicks 51 14 40 1 20 30 45 Jan., Feb., March.
Makers of Matches 184 357 25 1 00 12 60 May, June, July, Aug.
Manufacturers of Starch and Spongers of Cloths 83 4 45 0 80 30 .. June, July, Aug.
Dressers of Woven Goods, Silver and Copper 491 325 25 1 00 20 50 June, July, Jan.
Dressers and Drawers of Gold 31 3 50 1 20 20 60 Jan., Feb.
Gunsmiths 492 8 30 1 10 .. 35 June, July, May, March.
Makers of Scales and Weights 205 2 60 1 10 .. .. Jan., Feb., Aug.
Whalebone Splitters 96 42 20 1 00 average 29 Dec., Jan., Feb.
Bandage and Truss Makers 278 404 50 0 83 60 $2 00 Jan., Feb., and part of Dec.
Beaters of Gold and Silver 195 377 50 1 20 20 60 Jan., Feb.
Polishers of Steel Jewelry 1,091 784 30 2 00 15 50 Jan., Feb., March.
Mourning Jewelry 170 54 40 1 20 20 60 Jan., Feb., July.
False Jewelry 1,507 456 25 1 60 16 80 Jan., Feb., March.
Fine Jewelry 2,942 637 20 2 40 .. 48 July, Aug., Jan., Feb.
Garnishers of Jewels 83 4 50 1 10 20 40 Jan., Feb., and part of July.
Manufacturers of Implements for Billiards 216 9 40 2 00 30 60 July, Aug., Jan.
Toy Manufacturers 641 1,345 25 1 20 10 80 Jan., Feb., March, April.
Bleachers of Woven Goods 65 275 50 1 00 10 55 June, July, Aug., and part of Sept.
Washerwomen 36 7,491 40 0 70 20 60 Aug., July, Jan., Feb.
Wood Workers 43 20 40 1 00 15 60 July, Aug., Jan., Feb.
Cap Makers 1,068 1,565 18 1 00 8 50 Jan., Feb., July, and part of Aug.
Makers of Hooks and Eyes, and Buckles 127 75 60 1 00 20 35 Jan. and part of Feb.
Makers of Wax and Tallow Candles 186 113 40 1 00 15 60 June, July, Aug.
Bakers 1,996 643 25 0 60 30 and a loaf of bread every day. June, July, Aug., Sept.
Embroiderers of Bags and Purses 7 876 60 0 80 15 60 Jan., Feb., July, and Aug.
Button Makers, Horn, Pearl, &c. 405 185 40 1 20 18 40 From Dec., to Feb., being most of 3 months.
Button Makers, Cloth and Metal 716 522 30 1 20 10 60 Jan., Feb., and part of July and Aug.
Bricks, Tiles, and Pipes for Chimneys 497 27 40 2 80 25 60 Commence in Nov. and end in March.
Book Stitchers 183 678 20 1 00 20 65
Tapestry Embroiderers 14 969 70 1 20 15 70 June, July, Aug.
Embroiderers 43 3,746 60 3 00 10 $1 00 July, Aug., and part of Jan. and Feb.
Manufacturers of Bronze 2,515 27 45 2 00 25 70 Most active in Oct., Nov., and Dec.
Bronze Carvers 752 6 30 1 25 30 .. " " "
Bronze Gilders 343 24 50 1 20 30 55 Oct., Nov., Dec.
Bronze Founders 1,178 1 40 1 40 27 .. " " "
Bronze Mounters 32 11 40 0 70 25 70 Sept., Oct., and Nov.
Bronze Finishers 333 2 30 1 20 40 .. Oct., Nov., and Dec.
Bronze Turners 164 4 30 1 20 30 40 Sept., Oct., and Nov.
Bronze Varnishers 168 233 40 1 40 25 $1 00 Oct., Nov., Dec.
Makers of Common Brushes 365 163 35 1 00 20 60 Jan., Feb., July, Aug.
Makers of Fine Brushes 371 421 30 1 20 15 60 " " "
Coffee Toasters 37 22 30 1 00 30 40 June, July.
Contractors for Washrooms and Public Washing Houses 193 45 40 0 80 25 55 Jan., Feb., March, April.
Manufacturers of Dials for Watchesand Clocks 24 10 55 1 00 30 50 Jan., Feb., March.
Manufacturers of Mouldings for Gilt Frames 989 57 40 2 00 25 60 Jan., Feb., and part of July and Aug.
Manufacturers of Cotton Canvas 114 30 33 0 80 25 40 Jan., July.
Cane and Whip Makers 796
Makers of Silver Trinkets and Jewelry 328 81 40 1 30 30 70 Jan., Feb., July, Aug.
Manufacturers of Gold Plate 541 188 40 1 60 28 60 July, Aug., and part of Jan. and Feb.
Organ Manufacturers ... Wives of patrons 401 2 40 2 00 .. ..
Wadding Makers 104 122 25 0 90 20 40 Commences in Feb., ends in July.
Mat Makers 57 91 30 0 90 8 35 Commences in May, ends in Sept.
Makers of Paper Bags, &c. 40 120 30 0 90 10 45 Jan., July, Aug.
Makers of Fancy Papers 114 129 50 1 20 20 30 Dec., Jan., Feb.
Makers of Wall Paper 1,855 93 30 2 00 20 60 June, July, Aug., and part of Sept.
Makers of Parasols and Umbrellas 601 742 40 1 20 20 60 July, Sept., Jan., Feb.
Perfumers 349 366 30 2 00 15 60 July, Aug., Sept.
Makers of Lace Embroidery 2,545 6,046 20 1 20 5 80 Jan., Feb., July, Aug.
Novelty Embroiderers 1,142 2,331 20 1 20 8 80 " " " "
Embroiderers for Furniture 473 941 30 1 00 12 60 July, Aug., Jan., Feb.
Chenille Embroiderers 37 69 40 0 90 30 80 Jan., Feb., March.
Military Embroiderers 160 589 25 0 80 10 40 July, Aug., and part of Jan. and Feb.
Furniture and Coach Embroiderers 198 114 30 1 00 12 50 July, Aug., and Jan.
False and Fine Embroiderers 108 387 35 0 90 25 70 July, Aug., Jan., Feb.
Embroiderers of Braces and Garters 367 1,615 25 1 00 5 50 Jan., Feb., July.
Makers of Nutritious Pastry 92 59 45 1 40 25 60 June, July, Aug., Sept.
Pastry Cooks 973 60 20 1 10 30 45 " " " "
Skinners and Morocco Dressers 644 15 40 1 20 25 30 July, Aug., Jan.
Makers of Articles for Fishing 0 25 30 1 00 20 50 Jan., Feb., Oct., Nov., Dec.
Comb Manufacturers 585 210 40 1 20 15 70 Jan., Feb., July.
Wool Combers 694 194 30 1 00 25 35 April, May.
House Painters 5,213 15 30 2 00 25 40 Jan., Feb., Nov., Dec.
Manufacturers of Plush 202 63 25 0 80 15 40 Jan., Feb.
Makers of False Pearls and Pearl Flowers 56 154 60 2 00 20 40 Jan., Feb., and part of Dec.
Stringers and Mounters of Pearls .... 52 .. .. 15 40 Jan., Feb., and part of March.
Makers of Painters' Pencils and Brushes 114 129 50 1 20 20 30 Dec., Jan., Feb.
Polishers of Gold & Daguerreotypes 52 4 30 1 40 30 .. Jan., Feb., part of July and Aug.
Plaiters and Winders of Cotton, Wool, and Cashmere 170 492 30 0 60 10 35 Jan., Feb., July.
Plaiters and Winders of silk 44 277 40 1 00 15 50 July, Aug., Jan.
Plumbers, Pump, & Fountain Makers Wives of patrons 1,014 2 40 1 40 .. .. Dec., Jan., Feb.
Feather Dressers 78 533 40 1 00 20 60 Jan., July.
Makers of Feather Brooms 120 28 50 1 20 30 40 July, Jan., Feb.
Makers of Quill Pens 55 44 50 1 40 15 50 June, July, Aug.
Cutters and Preparers of Hair for Hatters 91 505 40 1 20 15 50 Dec., Jan., Feb.
Polishers and Burnishers of Gold and Jewelry 23 284 50 0 90 15 65 Jan, Feb., July, Aug.
Decorators of Porcelain 1,641 1,010 40 2 40 20 $4 00 Jan., Feb., part of March.
Makers, Moulders, Polishers, and Menders of Porcelain 155 9 50 3 00 30 50 June, July, Aug.
Portfolios and Articles of Morocco 506 307 25 1 30 20 55 Jan., Feb., July.
Makers of Articles of Earthenware, Stoneware, and China 330 20 25 1 60 25 40 July, Aug., Jan., Feb.
Pewterers 337 84 40 1 20 20 40 Jan., Feb.
Preparers of Animals 15 20 60 1 20 12 60 June, July, Aug.
Makers of Chemical Products 138 20 60 1 10 25 30 Dec., Jan., Feb.
Makers of Pharmaceutical Products 108 75 85 1 00 20 55 July, Aug.
Makers of Ironware Articles 226 5 30 1 00 25 .. Jan., Feb., July, Aug.
Refiners of Sugar 425 5 30 1 20 30 .. About six weeks work is slack.
Makers of Registers 43 123 60 1 20 20 50 June, July, Aug.
Makers of Rulers, Easels, &c. 39 12 60 1 00 35 60 Dec., Jan., Feb.
Paper Rulers 35 143 30 0 70 30 50<

A Some, employed in painting church windows, get $2.

REMARKS ON PRECEDING TABLES.

Employed in the thirteen groups of industrials, 112,891 women; 7,851 girls, of whom 869 were under 12—rest from 12 to 16. To every two men employed, one woman. Women more numerous than men in the manufacture of garments and materials for them. None employed in the laborious occupations. Equal in fancy wares. Highest wages of women per day, 20 francs, least 15 centimes—average, 1 franc 63 centimes.

950 women's salaries less than 60 centimes.
626 " higher than 3 francs.
The bulk, or 100,050 " range between the two extremes.

Extremely low salaries are exceptional. Thus only two were so low as 15 centimes, and one of these workers was aged sixty-eight, and the other seventy-one. Women's wages are rather over half what the wages of men are.B

B 5 centimes are equal to about one cent of our money, and a franc is equal to about 20 cents.

THE END.

Transcriber's notes:

In "By giving a suitable notice to the overseer, it is so arranged that the help can be absent from their work one day or a month." or was changed into of.

In "Another lady told me that in pattern making she gives instruction two months, paying nothing, but then they can earn $2.50, and, as they become more expert, can earn $3, $3.50, and $4.", $ was added before the figure of 3.50.

The name of the inventor of the knitting machine mentioned several times in this book (Mr. Aiken) was spelled "Aikens" on occasion; this was corrected except in the one instance which was a quotation from another document.

In "In the department of Sonne, France, women alone have the right to go into the fields", Sonne was changed into Somme.

In "Many of the young Swabian girls of thirteen or fourteen years old are sent to Stuttgard", Stuttgard was changed into Stuttgart.

There are many opening or closing quotation marks missing in the text. As in most instances, it is impossible to say where the quotation was meant to begin or end, those errors have not been corrected. Only in the following two instances were quotation marks removed:

  • In >"Mrs. B., who has been twenty-three years carrying on the business on Broadway, says "she has applications constantly, but finds it difficult to obtain competent workmen."<, opening quotation mark before Mrs. B. (lacking a closing quotation mark, and since text indicates only indirect quotation) was removed.
  • In >The war department, about two years ago, closed a contract with S., of Philadelphia, to furnish sixteen thousand felt hats for the army, at $2.75 each."<, closing quotation mark was removed as erroneous.

"Employee/s" is found in various different spellings throughout the book; this inconsistency has been retained.






                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Clyx.com


Top of Page
Top of Page