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JULY

Joseph Hall (Bishop Hall), a famous English bishop and satirist, was born at Bristow Park near Ashby de la Zouch, Leicestershire, July 1, 1574, and died in 1656. He wrote “Episcopacy by Divine Right,” “An Humble Remonstrance to the High Court of Parliament,” “Of Toothless Satyrs,” “Christian Moderation,” “Contemplations,” etc.

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, a renowned German poet, was born at Quedlinburg, July 2, 1724, and died at Hamburg, 1803. He is best known by his great epic, “The Messiah,” and his “Odes.”

George Sand (Baronne Dudevant), the great French novelist, was born in Paris, July 2, 1804, and died at Nohant, June 7, 1876. Among her numerous works may be mentioned: “Indiana,” “Aldo the Poet,” “The Private Secretary,” “AndrÈ,” “A Winter at Majorca,” “Gabriel,” “Pauline,” “Horace,” “The Seven Strings of the Lyre,” “Consuelo,” “The Companion of a French Tour,” “Isidora,” “The Countess of Rudolstadt,” “The Miller of Angibault,” “The Castle of Solitude,” “The Master Ringers,” “Story of My Life,” “The Snow Man,” “Flavia,” “Tamaris,” “The Last Love,” “Cadio,” “A Rolling Stone,” “The Little Daughter,” “Narcissus,” “Village Walks,” “Loves of the Golden Age,” “Journal of a Tourist During the War,” etc., etc.

Richard Henry Stoddard, a distinguished American lyric poet, was born at Hingham, Mass., July 2, 1825, and died in 1903. His works include: “Abraham Lincoln: A Horatian Ode,” “Poems,” “The Lion’s Cub,” “Songs of Summer,” etc.

Theodore Chickering Williams, a noted American clergyman, educator and author, was born at Brookline, Mass., July 2, 1855, and died in 1915. He has written: “Character Building,” “Elegies of Tibullus,” “Virgil’s Æneid,” “Poems of Belief,” “Virgil’s Georgics and Eclogues,” etc.

Henry Grattan, a noted Irish orator and statesman, was born in Dublin, July 3, 1746, and died in London, June 4, 1820. He wrote: “Letters on the Irish Union,” “Correspondence,” and numerous speeches.

Nathaniel Hawthorne, a famous American novelist and short-story writer, was born in Salem, Mass., July 4, 1804, and died at Plymouth, N. H., May 19, 1864. He wrote: “The House of the Seven Gables,” “Tanglewood Tales,” “The Wonder Book,” “Tales of the White Hills,” “Twice-Told Tales,” “Mosses from an Old Manse,” “Fanshawe,” “Our Old Home,” “The Marble Faun,” “The Scarlet Letter,” etc.

George Borrow, a distinguished English philologist, and traveler, was born in East Dereham, Norfolk, July 5, 1803, and died in Oulton, Suffolk, July 30, 1881. Among his writings are: “Romano Lavo Lil, or Word-Book of the Romany,” “The Zincali, or Gipsies of Spain,” “The Bible in Spain,” “Lavengro,” “The Romany Rye,” and “Wild Wales.”

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz, a renowned German philosopher and scholar, was born at Leipsic, July 6, 1646, and died at Hanover, November 14, 1716. Among his writings are: “Essays on God’s Goodness, Man’s Freedom, and the Origin of Evil,” “Principles of Nature and Grace,” “New Essays on the Human Understanding,” etc.

Alexander Wilson, a celebrated Scotch-American ornithologist, was born at Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766, and died in Philadelphia, August 23, 1813. His most important work, “American Ornithology,” won for him great fame.

George Darley, a noted Irish poet and critic, was born in Dublin, July 7, 1795, and died near Rome, November 23, 1846. He wrote: “Sylvia, or the May Queen,” “Nepenthe,” “Errors of Extasie and Other Poems,” and numerous studies of other men’s work.

Robert Gilfillan, a renowned Scotch poet, was born in Dumfermline, July 7, 1798, and died at Leith, December 4, 1850. His “Original Songs” have made him famous, the best known of the collection being: “In the Days o’ Langsyne,” “Peter McCraw,” and “The Exile’s Song.”

Jean de La Fontaine, the great French fabulist and poet, was born at ChÂteau-Thierry, in Champagne, July 8, 1621, and died in Paris, April 13, 1695. His principal works were: “Stories and Novels,” “Adonis,” “The Loves of Psyche,” and his celebrated “Fables.”

Fitz-Greene Halleck, a celebrated American poet, was born in Guilford, Conn., July 8, 1790, and died there, November 19, 1867. His most important poems were: “Fanny,” and “Marco Bozzaris.”

William Vaughn Moody, a noted American poet, was born at Spencer, Indiana, July 8, 1869, and died at Colorado Springs, October 17, 1910. He is best known by his famous poem, “An Ode in Time of Hesitation,” which won for him lasting fame. Among his dramas are: “The Masque of Judgment,” “The Great Divide,” and “The Faith-Healer.” With R. W. Lovett, he wrote: “History of English Literature,” etc.

Henry Hallam, a distinguished English historian, was born at Windsor, July 9, 1777, and died at Pickhurst, Kent, January 21, 1859. His noted works are: “Constitutional History of England,” “Introduction to the Literature of Europe During the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,” and “A View of the State of Europe During the Middle Ages.”

John Calvin, a renowned reformer and theologian, was born at Noyon, in Picardy, France, July 10, 1509; and died in Geneva, May 27, 1564. He wrote: “Commentaries on the New Testament,” and “Institutes of the Christian Religion,” the latter his most famous work.

Sir William Blackstone, an eminent English jurist and writer on law, was born in London, July 10, 1723, and died in 1780. He won great celebrity by his famous “Commentaries on the Laws of England.”

Frederick Marryat (Captain Marryat), a celebrated English novelist, was born in London, July 10, 1792, and died at Langham, Norfolk, August 9, 1848. His best known works are: “The King’s Own,” “Frank Mildmay,” “Peter Simple,” “Mr. Midshipman Easy,” “Japhet in Search of a Father,” “Masterman Ready,” etc.

Joseph Xavier Boniface Saintine, known as Saintine, the renowned French littÉrateur and dramatist, was born in Paris, July 10, 1798, and died there, January 21, 1865. He wrote numerous plays, but his story, “Picciola,” won for him world-wide fame.

John Quincy Adams, an illustrious American statesman and publicist, and sixth President of the United States, was born at Braintree, Mass., July 11, 1767, and died in Washington, D. C., February 21, 1848. He published: “Letters on Silesia,” etc. The “Diary of J. Q. Adams,” and his “Memoirs” appeared after his death.

Sir Arthur Helps, a noted English essayist, historian and miscellaneous writer, was born at Streatham, Surrey, July 11, 1813, and died in London, March 7, 1875. Among his best works are: “Friends in Council,” “Companions of My Solitude,” “Realmah,” “Spanish Conquest in America,” “Casimir Maremma” (a romance), etc.

Henry David Thoreau, an eminent American writer, was born in Concord, Mass., July 12, 1817, and died there May 6, 1862. His works include: “Familiar Letters,” “Summer,” “Winter,” “Autumn,” “A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers,” “Early Spring in Massachusetts,” “Poems of Nature,” “The Maine Woods,” “A Yankee in Canada,” “Excursions,” “Letters to Various Persons,” and “Cape Cod.”

Josiah Tucker (Dean Tucker), a noted English economist and divine, was born at Laugharne, Carmarthenshire, July 13, 1712, and died November 4, 1799. His “Important Questions on Commerce” (1755), won for him great fame.

John Clare, a celebrated English poet, was born in Helpstone, near Peterborough, July 13, 1793, and died at Northampton, May 20, 1864. His “Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery,” won for him great fame.

William Oldys, a distinguished English biographer and antiquary, was born July 14, 1696, and died April 15, 1761. He wrote: “The British Librarian,” “The Life of Sir Walter Raleigh,” “The Universal Spectator,” etc.

John Gibson Lockhart, a renowned Scotch biographer and son-in-law of Walter Scott, was born at Cambusnethan, Lanark, July 14, 1794, and died November 25, 1854. He wrote: “Reginald Dalton,” “Adam Blair,” “Valerius,” “Matthew Wald,” “Life of Robert Burns,” a volume of translations of “Ancient Spanish Ballads,” and his most celebrated work, “Life of Sir Walter Scott.”

James Aldrich, a noted American poet, was born at Mattituck, L. I., July 14, 1810, and died in New York, September 9, 1856. His most celebrated poem, “A Death-Bed,” won for him great fame.

Clement Clarke Moore, a distinguished American poet and educational writer, was born in New York City, July 15, 1779, and died in Newport, R. I., July 10, 1863. He is best known by his famous poem, “A Visit from St. Nicholas.”

Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, a famous English Roman Catholic prelate, was born July 15, 1808, at Totteridge in Hertfordshire, and died in London, January 14, 1892. Among his publications are: “Petri Privilegium,” “The True Story of the Vatican Council,” “The Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost,” “The Catholic Church and Modern Society,” “The Internal Mission of the Holy Ghost,” “England and Christendom,” “Sin and Its Consequences,” etc.

William Winter, a distinguished American journalist and dramatic critic, was born at Gloucester, Mass., July 15, 1836, and died in 1917. He has written: “Life of Henry Irving,” “The Wanderers,” “Stage Life of Mary Anderson,” “The Queen’s Domain,” “Life of Edwin Booth,” “The Convent, and Other Poems,” “The Jeffersons,” “English Rambles,” “Life of Ada Rehan,” “Thistle-down,” “Poems,” “Other Days, Being Chronicles and Memories of the Stage,” “Life and Art of Richard Mansfield,” “Vagrant Memories,” etc.

Sir Joshua Reynolds, the great English painter, was born at Plympton Earls, Devonshire, July 16, 1723, and died in London, February 23, 1792. His fifteen addresses delivered at the Royal Academy constitute the well-known “Discourses of Sir Joshua Reynolds.”

Isaac Watts, a celebrated English clergyman and hymn-writer, was born at Southampton, July 17, 1674, and died at Theobalds, Newington, November 25, 1748. He wrote many religious works, among them: “The Improvement of the Mind,” “Logic; or, the Right Use of Reason in the Inquiry after Truth,” and his famous “Psalms and Hymns.”

Martin Farquhar Tupper, a famous English writer, was born in London, July 17, 1810, and died November 29, 1889. He published: “Geraldine and Other Poems,” “My Life as an Author,” etc. His fame, however, rests on his notable work, “Proverbial Philosophy,” (1838-1867).

William Makepeace Thackeray, the renowned English novelist, was born in Calcutta, India, July 18, 1811, and died December 24, 1863. Among his celebrated works are: “Irish Sketch-Book,” “The Book of Snobs,” “Barry Lyndon,” “Comic Tales and Sketches,” “A Shabby-Genteel Story,” “Men’s Wives,” “Our Street,” “Mrs. Perkins’s Ball,” “English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century,” “Dr. Birch and His Young Friends,” “Vanity Fair,” “The History of Pendennis,” “The History of Henry Esmond,” “The Newcomes,” “The Four Georges,” “The Rose and the Ring,” “The Virginians,” “The Adventures of Philip,” etc.

Victor Cherbuliez, a distinguished French romancist, was born at Geneva, July 19, 1829, and died in 1899. Under the name of “G. Valbert,” he wrote: “A Horse by Phidias,” “A Political Spain,” “Foreign Profiles,” “Art and Nature“; also, “Romance of a Respectable Woman,” “Prosper Randoce,” “Miss Rovel,” “Samuel Brohl & Co.,” etc.

Ferdinand BrunetiÈre, a celebrated French critic, and man of letters, was born at Toulon, July 19, 1849, and died December 9, 1906. Among his publications are: “Études critiques,” “Le Roman Naturaliste,” “Histoire et LittÉrature,” “Discours AcadÉmiques,” “Discours de Combat,” “L’Action Sociale du Christianisme,” “Sur les Chemins de la Croyance,” etc.

Francesco Petrarch, the greatest of Italian lyric poets, was born at Arezzo, July 20, 1304, and died at ArquÀ, July 18, 1374. He wrote: “Africa,” “Memoranda,” “Of Contempt of the World,” “Of the Solitary Life,” “Of the Remedies for Either Fortune,” “Rime,” “Of Illustrious Men,” “Metrical Epistles,” etc.

Thomas Lovell Beddoes, a noted English poet and dramatist, was born at Clifton, July 20, 1803, and died at Basle, January 26, 1849. He wrote: “The Improvisatore,” and “The Bride’s Tragedy,” “Poetical Works” (London, 1890), and “Letters” (London, 1894), were edited by Edmond Gosse.

Matthew Prior, an eminent English poet, was born at Wimborne in Dorsetshire, July 21, 1664, and died at Wimpole in Cambridgeshire, September 18, 1721. Among his noted works are: “Solomon,” “Alma; or, the Progress of the Mind,” and “Poems on Several Occasions.”

Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury, a distinguished English statesman, was born in Wimborne, St. Giles, Dorsetshire, July 22, 1621, and died in Amsterdam, January 22, 1683. His notable work was: “Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times,” a collection of his numerous writings.

George Washington Bungay, a noted journalist and poet, was born in Walsingham, England, July 22, 1818, and died July 10, 1892. The best known of his many poems are: “The Creed of the Bells,” and “The English Sparrow.” He also wrote: “Abraham Lincoln Songster,” “Pen Portraits of Illustrious Abstainers,” etc.

Resolve to be thyself; and know, that he
Who finds himself, loses his misery.

“Self Independence,”—Coventry K. D. Patmore.