Abortive, defective or barren.

Acuminate, ending in a tapering point.

Adnate, growing to; or said of an anther whose cells are borne upon the sides of the apex of the filament.

Appendage, any superadded part.

Appressed, lying flat against or together for the whole length.

Arborescent, treelike; approaching the size of a tree.

Attenuate, slenderly tapering to a point.

Auricle, a small earlike lobe at the base of a leaf.

Awn, a bristle-shaped appendage.

Barb, a sharply reflexed point upon an awn, etc., like the barb of a fish-hook.

Basifixed, attached by the base or lower end.

Beak, a narrow or prolonged tip.

Bifid, two-cleft to the middle or thereabouts.

Bilabiate, two-lipped.

Blade, the expanded portion of a leaf, petal, etc.

Bract, one of the leaves of a flower-cluster.

Bracteate, furnished with bracts.

Bractlet, a bract of the ultimate grade; as one inserted on a pedicel or ultimate flower-stalk instead of under it.

Bracteolate, having bractlets.

Bulbiferous, bearing bulbs.

Caducous, dropping off very early.

Campanulate, bell-shaped.

Capitate, headlike, or collected in a head.

Carina, a salient longitudinal projection on the center of the lower face of an organ.

Carinate, furnished with a carina, or keel.

Carpel, a simple pistil, or one of the several parts of a compound one.

Ciliate, marginally fringed with hairs.

Clavate, club-shaped.

Claw, the narrowed base, or stalk, which some petals, etc., possess.

Coalescing, cohering; used properly in respect to similar parts.

Column, a body formed by the union of filaments (stamineal); or (in orchids) of the stamens and pistil.

Confluent, blended, or running together.

Connate, growing together; united in one.

Connective, the portion of the filament which connects or separates the cells of an anther.

Connivent, coming into contact or converging.

Cordate, heart-shaped.

Coriaceous, leathery.

Corymb, a flat-topped inflorescence flowering from the margin inward.

Corymbose, in corymbs, or in the form of a corymb.

Cruciferous, of four somewhat similar petals, spreading in the form of a cross.

Cymose, in cymes. (See cyme, in Explanation of Terms, p. xxviii.)

Deciduous, falling at the end of the season.

Declined, bent or curved downward or forward.

Decumbent, reclining, but with summit ascending.

Decurrent, running down the stem; applied to a leaf with blade prolonged below its insertion.

Deflexed, bent or turned abruptly downward.

Dehiscing, opening by valves, slits, or regular lines; as a capsule or an anther.

Deltoid, having the shape of the Greek letter delta; broadly triangular.

Denticulate, minutely toothed.

Depauperate, impoverished in size by unfavorable surroundings.

Dichotomous, forking regularly by pairs.

DiÆcious, with stamens and pistils in different flowers on different plants.

Dissected, deeply cut, or divided into numerous segments.

Divaricate, extremely divergent.

Divided, lobed or cut clear to the base.

Emarginate, notched at the extremity.

Entire, with the margin uninterrupted; without teeth or divisions of any sort.

Equitant, astride; as of leaves folding over each other in two ranks; as in the iris.

Erose, gnawed.

Exserted, projecting beyond an envelop; as stamens from a corolla.

Extrorse, facing outward; said of the anther.

Falcate, scythe-shaped; sickle-shaped.

Fascicled, in a close cluster or bundle; said of flowers, stalks, roots, and leaves.

Fertile, capable of producing fruit; as a pistillate flower; applied also to a pollen-bearing stamen.

Fibrous, composed of or of the nature of fibres.

Filiform, threadlike.

Flexuous, zigzag; bent alternately in opposite directions.

Foliaceous, leaflike in structure or appearance; leafy.

Foliolate, having leaflets; the number indicated by the Latin prefixes, bi-, tri-, etc.

Follicle, a pod formed from a single pistil, dehiscing along the ventral suture only.

Free, not growing to other organs.

Fugacious, falling very early.

Funnel-form, tubular, but expanding gradually from the narrow base to the spreading border or limb; e. g. the Morning-glory flower.

Galea, a helmet; applied to the helmet-shaped upper lip of the corolla in LabiatÆ, etc.; also in some ScrophularineÆ, though not so shaped.

Glabrous, without any kind of hairiness.

Gland, any secreting structure, depression or prominence, on any part of a plant, or any structure having such an appearance.

Glandular, bearing glands, or glandlike.

Glaucous, covered or whitened with a bloom like that on a cabbage-leaf.

Habit, the general form or mode of growth of a plant.

Herbaceous, having the character of an herb; not woody or shrubby.

Hispid, beset with rigid or bristly hairs, or with bristles.

Imbricate, overlapping, like shingles on a roof.

Incised, cut irregularly and sharply.

Included, inclosed by the surrounding organs; not exserted.

Indigenous, native to the country.

Inferior, said of the ovary when the calyx, corolla, or stamens are borne upon its summit or sides.

Inflorescence, the flowering portion of a plant, and especially the mode of its arrangement.

Innate, said of an anther when it is a continuation of the filament.

Introrse, facing inward, or toward the axis, as an anther.

Involucrate, having an involucre.

Involucre, a circle of bracts subtending a flower-cluster.

Involute, rolled inward.

Keel. (See carina.)

Keeled, furnished with a keel, or carina.

Lacerate, torn; irregularly and deeply cleft.

Laciniate, cut into narrow, slender teeth, or lobes.

Liliaceous, lily-like.

Limb, the dilated and usually spreading portion of a perianth or petal as distinct from the tubular part, or claw.

Line, the twelfth part of inch.

Linear, narrow and elongated, with parallel margins.

Lip, either of the two divisions of a bilabiate corolla or calyx; in orchids the upper petal (often, apparently, the lower) usually very different from the others.

Lobe, any division of a leaf, corolla, etc., especially if rounded.

Lunate, crescent-shaped, or half-moon-shaped.

Lyrate, lyre-shaped; pinnatifid with the terminal lobe large and rounded, and one or more of the lower pairs small.

Membranaceous, thin; rather soft and translucent, like membrane.

Monoecious, with stamens and pistils in separate blossoms on the same plant.

Mucronate, with a short, abrupt, small tip.

Nectar, the sweetish secretion of the blossom from which bees make honey.

Nectary, the place or gland in which nectar is secreted.

Nerve, a simple, unbranched vein or slender rib.

Nerved, furnished with a nerve or nerves.

Ob-, used as a prefix meaning inversely.

Obtuse, blunt or rounded at the end.

Odd-pinnate, pinnate, with an odd leaflet at the end.

Palate, a protrusion at or near the throat of a two-lipped corolla.

Panicle, a loose, irregularly branching inflorescence.

Papilionaceous, butterfly-like; applied to the peculiar irregular flower common in LeguminosÆ.

PapillÆ, minute, thick, nipple-shaped, or somewhat elongated projections.

Parasitic, growing upon and deriving nourishment from another plant.

Parted, cleft nearly, but not quite, to the base.

Perfoliate, said of leaves connate about the stem.

Persistent, not falling off; said of leaves continuing through the winter.

Petaloid, petal-like.

Petiolate, having a petiole.

Petiole, the foot-stalk of a leaf.

Petiolulate, having a petiolule.

Petiolule, the foot-stalk of a leaflet.

Pinnate, having its parts arranged in pairs along a common rachis.

Pinnatifid, pinnately cleft.

Pistillate, having a pistil or pistils, and no stamens.

Puberulent, minutely pubescent.

Pubescent, covered with hairs, usually soft and short.

Rachis, the axis (backbone) of a spike, or of a compound leaf.

Radiate, diverging from a common center, or bearing ray-flowers; said of flower-heads of composite plants.

Radical, belonging to or proceeding from the root, or from the base of the stem.

Ray, one of the radiating branches of an umbel; the marginal flowers, as distinct from those of the disk, in CompositÆ, etc.

Receptacle, a more or less expanded surface, forming a support for a cluster of organs (in a flower) or a cluster of flowers (in a head), etc.

Recurved, curved backward or downward.

Reflexed, abruptly bent or turned backward or downward.

Regular, symmetrical in form; uniform in shape or structure.

Retrorse, directed backward or downward.

Revolute, rolled backward from the margins or apex.

Rhomboidal, quadrangular, with the lateral angles obtuse.

Rudiment, an imperfectly developed and functionally useless organ.

Rugose, wrinkled; ridged.

Saccate, sac-shaped; baggy.

Sagittate, shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with basal lobes prolonged downward.

Salver-form, narrowly tubular, with limb abruptly or flatly expanded.

Scabrous, rough to the touch.

Scape, a naked peduncle rising from the ground.

Scarious, thin, dry, membranaceous, and not green.

Scorpioid, incurved like the tail of a scorpion; said of an inflorescence.

Segment, one of the parts of a leaf or other organ that is cut or divided.

Serrate, having teeth directed forward, like the teeth of a saw.

Serrulate, minutely serrate.

Sessile, stemless.

Sinus, a recess or re-entering angle.

Sheathing, infolding like a sheath.

Spathe, a large bract or pair of bracts (often colored) inclosing a flower-cluster.

Spinescent, ending in a spine or rigid point.

Spinulose, with diminutive spines.

Spur, a usually slender tubular process, from some part of a flower, often honey-bearing.

Staminate, having stamens, but no pistils.

Staminodium, a sterile stamen, or something taking the place of a stamen.

Stellate, star-shaped.

Sterile, barren; incapable of producing seed; a sterile stamen is one not producing pollen.

Striate, marked with fine longitudinal lines.

Subtended, supported or surrounded; as a pedicel by a bract, or a flower-cluster by an involucre.

Subulate, awl-shaped.

Succulent, fleshy and juicy.

Superior, growing above; a superior ovary is one wholly above and free from the calyx.

Terete, cylindrical.

Ternate, in threes.

Thyrse, a contracted or ovate panicle.

Thyrsoid, thyrselike.

Tomentum, dense, matted, woolly pubescence.

Trifoliolate, having three leaflets.

Tubular, tube-shaped.

Undulate, wavy.

Unisexual, of one sex; said of flowers having stamens only, or pistils only.

Urceolate, cylindrical or ovoid, but contracted at or below the open orifice, like an urn or a pitcher.

Valve, the several parts of a dehiscent pericarp; the doorlike lid by which some anthers open.

Ventricose, swelling unequally, or inflated on one side.

Versatile, swinging; turning freely on its support.

Villous, bearing long and soft, straight or straightish hairs.

Virgate, wandlike.

Viscid, glutinous; sticky.

Whorl, an arrangement of leaves, flowers, etc., in a circle about the stem, or axis.