1.See letter to the Editor dated June 14, 1900, p. 304.

2.Figs. C. and D. (pp. 160 and 162) are borrowed from Yarrell’s British Birds by permission of Messrs. Gurney & Jackson.

3.About that period it was the practice for men who became leading architects to undergo a thorough classical training, including a lengthened course of practical study on the continent of Europe—the results of which are in evidence in so many public buildings then erected in London.

4.See George Ormerod’s Strigulensia, ArchÆological Memoirs relating to the district adjacent to the confluence of the Severn and Wye (1861).

5.See pp. 345, 355, 3rd edition.

6.See Parentalia, Genealogical Memoirs, by Geo. Ormerod, D.C.L., F.R.S., pp. 3-8, for records and evidences regarding successive generations of the family from 1311 onwards, as existing in Inquisitions; Pedigrees in College of Arms; Duchy Records; Clithero Records, and other official sources quoted in the work.—(E.A.O.)

7.Anne, born 1739, by a first marriage, married Charles Ford.

8.Hist. Ches., vol. i. p. 43.

9.For details and genealogical tables of descent (accompanied by armorial bearings) regarding the above-named families, and many others of the old families of the Counties Palatine of Lancashire and Cheshire, now more or less passed away, see Parentalia, by George Ormerod, cited ante in note, p. 9, with an absolutely enormous amount of reference to documentary evidence, often in itself of much antiquarian interest (E.A.O.).

10.The daughter of Mr. Henry Latham, resident in Italy.

11.Sarah Ormerod died in 1860 aged 75 years.

12.Strigulensia ArchÆological Memoirs relating to the District adjacent to the confluence of the Severn and the Wye, by Geo. Ormerod, D.C.L., F.R.S., of Tyldesley and Sedbury Park, MDCCCLXI., pp. 84-88. Re-arranged from a Memoir in ArchÆologia (by above author), XXIX., p. 17.

13.Alfred C. Fryer, Ph.D., M.A., begins an admirable, fully illustrated paper on “Leaden Fonts” in the ArchÆlogical Journal, March, 1900, with the following statements: There are 27 leaden fonts situated in 12 counties in the south, east and west of England—8 in Gloucester, 3 in Berks, 3 in Kent, 3 in Sussex, 2 in Oxford, 2 in Hereford, 1 in Derby, 1 in Dorset, 1 in Hants, 1 in Lincoln, 1 in Norfolk and 1 in Surrey. Several of these date from the latter part of the 11th and the 12th centuries. A few belonged to the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, and the latest has the date 1689 impressed upon it. They are all tub-shaped, with the exception of two, namely, a hexagon and a cylindrical bowl. The older fonts all possessed covers, and several retain the markings to which the locks were attached. The deepest bowl (outside measurement) is 16 inches. The most shallow bowl is at Parham in Sussex, and it is only 8½ inches in depth. The diameters also vary considerably from 32 inches to 18½ inches.—(Ed.).

14.“And I saw in the right hand of Him that sat on the throne, a book written within, and on the backside sealed with seven seals.”

15.“The Oxford Movement” or “Catholic Revival” was initiated as a result of statutory changes in the position of the Church of Ireland, which it was feared might ultimately be extended to England. The position and possible danger of the Church were fully discussed in the Tracts for the Times, ninety in number, issued from Oxford during the nine years, 1833-41, and chiefly written by Newman, Keble, Pusey, Williams, and Froude. The object of the movement was to rouse the members of the whole Anglican Community to promote corporate reforms in the Anglican Church as a National Institution—changes which the Evangelical Revival of the end of the eighteenth century had failed to introduce. The line adopted in the movement has been described as “a via media between Roman Catholicism and Reformation doctrines.” (Ed.).

16.Afterwards Bishop of Grahamstown, Cape Colony.

17.My notes are taken from the copy of a plan (now before me) by my brother Henry Mere Ormerod, solicitor, Manchester: see page 58.

18.The Sailing Directions for the West Coast of England, published by the Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty, says:—“Depths: There is a depth of about 46 feet in the river to Chepstow at high water springs, and 36 feet at high water neaps.” “Tides: It is high water, full and change, at Chepstow at 7 h. 30 m. local or 7 h. 41 m. Greenwich time; mean springs rise 38 feet and neaps 28½ feet. The tide has, however, been known to rise as high as 56 feet.” (E.A.O.)

19.See Appendix A.

20.See quotations in Hist. of British Quadrupeds, including the Cetacea, by Thomas Bell, F.R.S., &c. pp. 469-472.

21.Manual of Elementary Geology, by Sir Charles Lyell, F.R.S., fifth edition, 1855, pp. 337, 338.

22.For some years previously the possibility of transmission, at a low rate of speed, of goods or mineral products had been established by George and Robert Stephenson, against great opposition in some cases.

23.Chartism was an excited, and, in some instances, violent political movement which occurred in Great Britain consequent upon the dire distress and poverty of the labouring classes in the thirties of the nineteenth century, and their disappointment with the results of the Reform Bill of 1832. In June, 1839, a monster petition was presented to the House of Commons with 1,280,000 names attached. Its unsympathetic reception fanned the rebellious spirit abroad among the working classes and led to an increase of unruly disturbances, and to the outbreak at Newport, here described. The movement collapsed in 1848, and with the development of the industrial prosperity of the country, largely due to the use of steam power in manufacturing centres, and the vast improvement of the economic and social condition of the people, together with greater political freedom, any return of the perfectly natural, if not even justifiable, spirit of discontent became impossible. (Ed.).

24.The Trial of John Frost for High Treason under a Special Commission held at Monmouth, in December 1839, and January, 1840, (p. 58). London, Saunders and Benning, Law Booksellers, 43, Fleet Street, 1840. (E.A.O.)

25.Manual of British Coleoptera, or Beetles, published by Longmans, Green & Co., 1839. In Miss Ormerod’s copy is a pencil note: “J.F.S., died 1853.”

26.He had resigned the Archdeaconry in 1868.

27.Miss Ormerod had been a contributor to scientific literature for some years before this date. Writing in 1900 she says:—“My first regular paper was printed in the Journal of Linn. Soc., vol. xi., No. 56, Zoology, July 18, 1873, on The Cutaneous Exudation of the ‘Triton cristatus.’ I think it is sound and unusual!”

28.To such of my readers as possess some portion only of the early series, it may be of interest to point out that the observations, up to those for 1880 inclusive, were arranged, not as afterwards, as detached papers, placed alphabetically under the heading of the names of the crops to which they referred, but under the numbers given in the successive preceding guide lists issued for the use of observers—as for instance, “6, Anthomyia ceparum, Onion fly;” or “25, Abraxas grossulariata, Magpie moth” (fig. 9).

These were arranged numerically, from “1” onwards, all the observations on one kind of insect attack being arranged successively in a long unbroken paragraph under the selected number, together with the name of the pest. For want of better knowledge of the requisites for a readable as well as useful report, I condensed the information into as few words as possible, with few, if any, breaks in the long paragraphs, and so, until 1880, the results (excepting to technical readers) could not be considered “taking.” If any of my entomological readers will turn to a very useful work, the Forst Zoologie, of Dr. Bernard Altum, they will see in the second division of the “Insecten” at pp. 36, 37, and again at pp. 162, 163, the difficulties that are thrown in the way of comfortably grasping the subject, by the matter being printed continuously without breaks. This, however, as well as many other things, I had then still to learn. (E.A.O.)

29.This consideration induced the Editor to introduce many figures of insects into the chapters of correspondence in the present volume.

30.Messrs. Horace Knight and E. C. Knight, of the staff of Messrs West, Newman & Co., 54, Hatton Garden, London.

31.Curator of the Grosvenor Museum, Chester.

32.On November 26, 1899, Miss Ormerod wrote to Mr. Newstead:—

“I am delighted with our index—the more I examine it the better I like it. Some acknowledgments have come in already, and they are most pleasantly cordial. All are delighted to have such a good reference work.... One recipient suggests the index would be more serviceable to him if he had a complete set of my reports! He absolutely enclosed a list of deficiencies, but I thought he had best buy, and only sent him that for 1896.”

Other letters she wrote about the index “were on much the same lines, and one refers to the cordial letter received from the Board of Agriculture” (Ed.).

33.Preface to “Twenty-fourth Report of Observations of Injurious Insects.” By E. A. Ormerod, LL.D., p. vii.

34.See Appendix B.

35.The Entomological Society of Ontario was originated by Dr. Saunders and Dr. Bethune nearly forty years ago. Its headquarters are in London, Ontario, and it has branches in Toronto, Montreal and Quebec. Its publications are the monthly Canadian Entomologist, now in its thirty-fifth volume, and thirty-three annual reports to the Legislature of Ontario on Noxious and Beneficial Insects. Miss Ormerod was an Honorary Member.

36.Details were given in a letter to Colonel Coussmaker of August 1, 1885, p. 99.

37.See “Letters from Huxley,” pp. 85-87.

38.The late Allen Harker, Professor of Biology at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester.

39.Who died in Rome while on a visit to Europe.

40.The Editor, having been present, is able to give this statement on his own authority.

41.The organiser of and first Senior Examiner in the Agriculture Department, South Kensington.

42.Edmund Beckett, K.C., LL.D., J.P., 1st Baron (1886), Chancellor and Vicar-General of York, 1877-1900. The work of the restoration of St. Albans Abbey was carried out under his direction. (See p. 296.)

43.In addition to the individual appreciation of her correspondents and fellow-workers, Miss Ormerod’s position in the world of science was recognised by scientific and educational bodies in a manner which was most gratifying to her. She was Honorary Doctor of Laws of the University of Edinburgh; Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society, London; (for ten years) Consulting Entomologist to the Royal Agricultural Society of England; (for three years) Examiner in Agricultural Entomology in the University of Edinburgh (1896-8); Fellow of the Entomological Society, London; Hon. Fellow of the Entomological Society, Stockholm; Member of the Entomological Society, Washington, U.S.A.; Member of the Association of official Economic Entomologists, Washington, U.S.A.; Hon. Member of the London Farmers’ Club; Honorary and Corresponding Member of the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society of South Australia; Hon. Member of the Entomological Society of Ontario, and Corresponding Member of the Field Naturalists’ Club of Ontario, Canada; and Member of the Eastern Province Naturalists’ Society, Cape Colony.

44.List of the Hon. Graduates of 1900, given in the alphabetical order in which they graduated:—(1) Horatio Robert Forbes Brown, J.P., Editor of the Calendars of State Papers (Venetian) for the Public Record Office. (2) His Excellency the Hon. Joseph Hodges Choate, Ambassador for the United States of America, London. (3) Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod, F.R.Met.Soc., F.E.S. (4) C. D. F. Phillips, M.D., LL.D. (5) The Rev. Thomas Smith, M.A., D.D., lately Professor of Evangelistic Theology in the Free Church College, Edinburgh. (6) William Ritchie Sorley, M.A., Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Aberdeen. (7) Anderson Stuart, M.D., Professor of Physiology in the University of Sydney.

45.“Royal Agricultural Society of England.

“Coloured Diagrams of Insects Injurious to Farm Crops, suitable for Elementary Schools. Prepared by Miss E. A. Ormerod, F.R.Met.Soc., Hon. Consulting Entomologist to the Society. A series of Six Diagrams, viz.: Large White Cabbage Butterfly; Turnip Fly or Flea Beetle; Beet Fly; Wireworm and Click Beetle; Hop Aphis or Green Fly, with Lady-bird; Daddy Longlegs or Crane Fly. In various stages, with methods of prevention. On paper, 5s.; for each Diagram, 1s. Mounted on linen and varnished, 8s.; for each Diagram, 1s. 6d. Procurable from the Secretary.”

46.These observations are extracted from part of a series published under the geographical nom de plume of “Mabie Moss,” this (sometime) moss district having been long under the observation of Mr. Service—not a young lady, as Miss Ormerod conjectured, but a well-known ornithologist who also takes a considerable interest in Economic Entomology (Ed.).

47.Vide Report of the Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Agriculture to inquire into a plague of field voles in Scotland (Sir Herbert E. Maxwell, M.P., Chairman). Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1893.

48.Of the “Dumfries Herald and Courier.”

49.Disease caused by Micrococcus bombycis.

50.In LarvÆ of British Butterflies and Moths (Ray Society).

51.Exorista lota, “not an uncommon fly, and parasitic on several Lepidoptera.”—Meade.

52.Recent record of Warbles extracted by the Aldersey Schoolboys and brought to the Headmaster:—

1895, 1,022; 1896, 2,596; 1897, 3,965; 1898, 1,706; 1899, 2,252; 1900, 1,851; 1901, 1,391; 1902, 1,066—Total, 15,849.

53.Mr. Bailey writes in August, 1902:—“The Haberdashers’ Company are the Governors of my school, and at our Midsummer distribution of prizes in June, 1882, Mr. Curtis, who was a member of the deputation who visited us in that year, suggested that it would be a good thing to give instruction to the boys on Injurious Insects. Failing to obtain a lecturer through South Kensington, at my suggestion, he called on Miss Ormerod. She suggested that I should take the subject, and added that she would give me all the assistance in her power. From that day up to the day of her death she took the kindest interest in our work. She presented to the school many books, beautiful diagrams, and a series of insect cases [prepared by Mosley of the Huddersfield Museum, after the cases arranged by Professor Westwood and Miss Ormerod for the S. and A. Museum at Bethnal Green], and was a liberal donor of prizes at Midsummer from 1885 to 1901 (both inclusive). Every Midsummer she kindly wrote a letter to be read on that occasion to the boys. I think I ought to add that the Haberdashers’ Company were good enough to make a grant of £25 to start us with this new subject, and have since generously supported the carrying on of the work.”

54.Continuation of Miss Ormerod’s letter to Mr. Bailey.

55.See Chaps. xix.-xx. for letters to Dr. Fletcher.

56.See Chap. xxii.

57.Letters to Mr. Bailey continued.

58.This refers to Bunbury only, where we had nearly a “clean bill” in that year. The maggots brought were found in the adjoining parishes. I have in late years granted the boys a “roving commission.” On their bicycles they visit farms which are many miles away from their homes. (W. B.).

59.See Appendix C.

60.Now “Kirkdale,” Spencer Road, Bournemouth.

61.The attack is caused by the small black and yellow fly, figured above. She lays an egg on the barley sheath; the maggot from this attacks the ear, then eats a channel down one side of the stem to the first knot, and then turns to chrysalis state within the leaves.—(E. A. O.)

62.The victim was a resident in the New Forest district, and the sting or bite was followed by severe local inflammation. Blood poisoning supervened and caused death. (Ed.).

63.See also a paper on Deer botflies, in Entom. Monthly Magazine, 1898, by Mr. E. E. Austin, Brit. Museum.

64.Extracted from a letter of Miss Ormerod to Mr. D. D. Gibb. (See Chap. XV.)

65.This, or its equivalent, the immediate and diligent pinching of infested buds with finger and thumb, has proved the most practical remedy (Ed.).

66.A great authority on the life history of animals; author of a standard work on pheasants, and numerous works on poultry, pigeons, and horses, mules, and mule-breeding; on the staff of “The Field” for nearly half a century; an old Member of the “British Ornithologists’ Union.”

67.The House Sparrow, published by Vinton & Co., at 1s., contains Miss Ormerod’s original leaflet as an appendix.

68.The author of Farm Insects (to this day the most beautifully illustrated standard work in English on the subject) died at Islington on 6th October, 1862.

69.The larva of a noctuid moth which now and then appears in great numbers in America, marching over the country and destroying young grain crops, grasses, &c.

70.Printed by King, Sell, & Railton, Limited, 12, Gough Square, and 4, Bolt Court, E.C.

71.This was a purely metaphorical expression (Ed.).

72.An arseniate is a salt of arsenic acid, while an arsenite is a salt of arsenious acid.

73.See letters to Mr. Wise in chapter XVI.

74.See Appendix E.

75.This reference is to the destruction by fire of the main building of Trinity College School, Port Hope, Canada, of which Mr. Bethune was Head Master for a period of 29 years ending 1899.

76.Containing Miss Ormerod’s Meteorological Observations.

77.The death of her sister Georgiana.

78.State Entomologist of New York.

79.Mrs. Bethune was killed in a carriage accident in July, 1898.

80.“Schaumerde,” is a product of the fabrication of sugar, which contains the mineral parts, the salts, of the sugar beet. Therefore it is good for manuring this crop. (J. R. B.)

81.This species described by me later under the name Oligotrophus alopecuri, n. sp. (Zwei neue Cecidomyinen, Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica xi., No. 8, 1895, p. 3-9, Taf. i, Fig. 1-9) (E.R.).

82.The larvÆ of this species infested badly the apple fruits in the whole of Finland in the summer of 1898. (Cfr. “Ent. Rec.,” xi., No. 2, 1899, pp. 37-39, and “Can. Ent.,” xxxi., 1899, pp. 12-14).—E. R.

83.Miss Ormerod had recommended Mr. Fuller for the appointment he secured in Natal.

84.This note refers to a fire in Mr. Lounsbury’s department and to the investigation of red water fever in cattle produced by ticks.

85.With one possible exception the most destructive beetle of British forestry.

86.A favourite West Country expression of Miss Ormerod.

87.The caterpillars of the Goat moth feed in poplar, willow, elm, oak, lime, and beech, as well as in apple, pear, walnut, and other trees. (E. A. O.)

88.The Agricultural Education Committee, 10, Queen Anne’s Gate, Westminster, S.W., was formed in the autumn of 1899, with Sir W. Hart-Dyke, Bart., M.P., as Chairman, and the Rt. Hon. Henry Hobhouse, M.P., as Hon. Secretary. (J. C. M.)

89.One of the leaflets issued by the Agricultural Education Committee.

90.Another leaflet of the series issued by the Agricultural Education Committee, but one which Miss Ormerod did not appreciate.

91.The paper on “Wasps” was lent by Mr. Medd to Mr. Chas. Roundell who incorporated it in his unique little volume, the Rural Reader, Horace Marshall & Co. (Ed.).

92.Issued by the Agricultural Education Committee.

93.India in 1887. Published by Oliver and Boyd.

94.Miss Ormerod did not latterly oppose Darwinianism, but we are not aware that she ever accepted it. (ED.).

95.See note ante p. 79.

96.Of Mosley’s Insect cases with a view to suiting the Agriculture Department, Edinburgh University.

97.Quintin MacAdam Wallace, M.A., a Graduate (1st Class Honours) in Medicine and Surgery of Edinburgh University.

98.Dr. Fream had been, as a result of the recommendation of Miss Ormerod, appointed Steven Lecturer on Agricultural Entomology in Edinburgh University.

99.After a full term of three years, by ordinance, an examiner is not immediately eligible for re-appointment.

100.“On the Production of New Breeds of Crop Plants by Multiple Cross-fertilization.”

101.A suggestion that Dr. MacDougall should collaborate with Miss Ormerod in bringing out the book.

102.Messrs. Knight, one or other, have been my artists for many years. I should like the printing to be, as usual, in the hands of Messrs. West, Newman & Co. Mr. T. P. Newman has superintended my printing for so many years. (E. A. O.)

103.Professor James Seth delivered the address to student graduates at the ceremonial at which Miss Ormerod received the LL.D.

104.One hundred copies of Miss Ormerod’s Manual of Injurious Insects, were distributed gratuitously to persons specially selected by us as likely to be interested in the subject matter and capable of spreading a knowledge of it (Ed.).

105.Lecture at the London Farmers’ Club on Sheep Scab.

106.Tessarotoma papillosa, Dravy. (O. E. J.)

107.We were at the time actually at war with China, although nominally the united Powers of Europe were fighting the Boxers.

108.A digest of the Indian Famine Commission Reports down to October, 1898, read as the Inaugural Address on the opening of the course of “Garton Lectures” on Colonial and Indian Agriculture. Published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

109.A copy of Quasi Cursores, portraits of the high officials and professors of the University of Edinburgh and its Tercentenary Festival. Drawn and etched by William Hole, A.R.S.A. David Douglas, Edinburgh, 1884.

110.From the Governor of Lagos arranging a personal interview.

111.This reference was made to a cold draught experienced in church.