  This Index does not refer to Conventions, &c., printed in the Appendices. A Abuse of flag of truce, 281 of neutral asylum, 419, 420-423 Abyssinian War, referred to on: hostile destination of goods, 505 trial of neutral vessels after conclusion of peace, 556 Acts of force initiative of war, 126-128 Admiralty, origin of Board of, 239 Aerial warfare. See Air-vessels Aeroplanes, conditional contraband, 506 Africa, case of the, 531 invasion by, 207 violence directed from, 150, 192, 227 Alabama, case of the, 406-409 Alaska Boundary dispute (1903), 18 Alexander I. of Russia exacts oath of allegiance in Finland, 205 Alexander II. of Russia, and laws of war, 81 Alexis, case of the, 40 Allegiance, oath of, 173, 205, 212 Alverstone, Lord, 18 Ambulances, See Convoys of Evacuation American Civil War, referred to on: blockade, 453, 454, 463, 465, 469 ingress and egress of neutral warships during, 453 neutral asylum during, 418, 443 political agents on neutral vessel, 519, 530 real war, 63 sale of vessels during, 427 stone-blockade, 450 treatment of prizes in, 243, 557 American-English War (1812), referred to on: capture in neutral port, 442 destruction of neutral prizes, 243 reprisals, 307 American War of Independence, referred to on: convoy, vessels under, 536 espionage, 198 reprisals, 306 treatment of prizes during, 243 Amicable settlement of State differences. See State differences Amiens, Peace of (1802), 332 Amnesty, 334 Analogous of contraband. See Unneutral service Andersen v. Marten, case of, 555 AndrÉ, Major, case of, 198 Angary: derivation of right of, 449 exercise of right of, 385, 510 modern right of, 447 obsolete right of, 446 pre-emption of neutral goods under right of, 449 Anna, case of the, 443 Anne, Empress of Russia, 43 Anspach, troops marched through, 392 Arbitration: a means of settling State differences, 5 appointment of arbitrator, 17, 26 appeal against, 31 competence of tribunal of, 29 compulsory, 25 conception of, 16 costs of, 32 early use of, 22 efficacy of, 25 Hague Convention, stipulations concerning, 24 language to be used during, 26, 28 minutes concerning, 28 Permanent International Court of, 22, 23, 26, 27-31, 561 preliminary proceedings in, 27 procedure of tribunal in, 27 rules governing, 27 summary procedure in, 32 stipulations of, 18 tribunal of Court of, 27 Arbitration Treaties, 16, 20, 21, 26 Area of operations during blockade, 471 Argentina, blockades of (1838) and (1845), 49 Armed Neutrality. See Neutrality Armistices: character of, 290 commencement of, 296 competence to conclude, 293 contents of, 294-296 end of, 299 form of, 294 hostilities, cessation of, during, 290, 295 lines of demarcation during, 296 partial, 293 permissible acts during, 294-296 purpose of, 291 re-victualling during, 295 suspension of arms during, 291 violation of, 297 by private individual, 298 visitation of neutral vessels during, 290, 534 Arnold, General, at West Point, 198 ArrÊt de prince, 45 Aryol (or Orel), case of the, 256 Asgill, Captain, case of, 307 Askold, case of the, 422 Assault, 191-193 Asylum. See Neutral Asylum Atalanta, case of the, 522 Athens, ancient law of, concerning reprisals, 41 Attack on enemy vessels, 225-237. See also Enemy vessels Aube, Admiral, on naval warfare, 264, 266 Augusta Victoria, case of the, 390 Aurora, case of the, 423 Awni Illa, case of the, 269 B Bahama Islands, access refused to belligerent warships at, 418 Baker, Sir Sherston, 281 Baltic Sea, asserted neutralisation of, 90 Baltica, case of the, 110, 116 Barbarous forces, 98 Barge, arbitration award of Mr., 19 Basle, office for volunteers at, 399 Bathurst, Lord, reprisal by, 307 Beasts of burden as contraband, 486 Belfort: capitulation of, 286 suspension of arms during siege of, 291 Belgium, neutralisation of, 91, 358, 363, 368, 393, 411, 413, 428 accessory, 93 angary, right of, exercised by, 446-449 appropriation of property by, 174-187 armed forces of, 94-106 asylum granted to, 409-425 barbarous forces as, 98 capture of neutral vessels by, 546-552 complaints of illegitimate warfare by, 302 conduct in general of, 378 deserters, treatment of, by, 105, 335 duties of, 378-386 impartiality of neutrals towards, 362, 381-383 intercourse between subjects of, 135-138, 275, 333 and neutrals, 117, 365, 385, 428 irregular forces of, 96 levies en masse of, 97, 152, 190, 313 loans to, by neutrals, 430 merchantmen of. See Merchantmen military operations by and against, neutrals, 386-397 military preparations by and against 397-409 neutralised States as, 91 neutrality to be recognised by, 367 non-combatants with armed forces of, 95, 151, 169, 250 non-hostile relations of, 273-299 occupation of neutral territory by, 394 principal, 93 prisoners of, treatment, 167-171 private enemy property, 139. See also Private enemy property privateers of, 99, 103, 357, 372, 534 Prize Courts of, 395. See also Prize Courts property in enemy State of subjects of, 139, 182 qualification to become, 62, 90 regular armies of, 94 rights of, 378-386 services to, 153, 181, 212, 432-437 subjects of, on enemy territory, 131-135 supplies to, by neutrals, 375, 405-409, 426-430 trade between subjects of, 135-138, 275, 333 traitors. See War criminals vassal States as, 91 violation of neutrality by, 426, 438-445 visitation of neutral vessels by, 428, 533-545 volunteer fleets of, 100-104 war rebels, treatment of, by, 98 Bellona, case of the, 332 Bentinck, promise of, to Genoa, 284 Berlin: Congo Conference of (1885), 11 Treaty of (1878), 330 Bermuda, case of the, 470, 500 Bernadotte, 391 Bismarck: act of reprisal by, 317 on diplomatic envoys in besieged town, 194 on crews of captured merchantmen, prisoners of war, 250, 308, 317 on right of angary, 448 Black Sea, neutralisation of, 88 area of operations in, 471 breach of: attempt at, 468-472 canals, unblockaded and, 474 capture on account of, 475 consequences of, 475-478 definition of, 466 during armistice, 290 egress and, 473 ingress and, 472 penalty for, 476 practice of nations regarding, 386, 468-475 what constitutes a, 468-475 commercial, 452 competence to establish, 456 conception of, 450-455 continuous voyage and, 469, 472 contraband, seizure of, during, 290 declaration of, 456, 458 definition of, 450 effectiveness of: 356, 461-466 cessation of, 464 condition of, 461 danger necessary to create, 464 distinguished from fictitious, 461 end of, 460 establishment of, 456-461 existence of, 466 fictitious, 461 international rivers and, 454 inward, 453 justification for, 455 knowledge of, necessary for breach, 466 neutral vessels, time for egress of, 459 notification of, 456, 459, 466 former practice of nations regarding, 457 outward, 453 pacific. See Pacific blockade places liable to, 453 postal correspondence during, 237, 385 strategic, 452 universality of, 452 Bluntschli: on continuous voyage, 504 on courts of justice during occupation, 215 Bolivia-Peruvian Boundary Dispute (1910), 19 Bombardment: by naval forces, 266-270 Bonfils, on carriage of contraband, 504 Booty on battlefield, 163, 177, 181 Bosphorus and Dardanelles, 102 Bougainville, safe-conduct granted to, 232 Boundary disputes: between Bolivia and Peru, 19 between Great Britain and U.S.A., 18, 19 between Great Britain and Venezuela, 18 Boundary treaty of Buenos Ayres (1881) between Argentina and Chili, 89 Bowles, Mr. Gibson, on withdrawal from Declaration of Paris, 100 British Foreign Enlistment Act, 358, 375, 494 Brussels: Conference of (1874), 208, 308 Declaration of (1874), 81, 171 Buenos Ayres, Boundary treaty of (1881), between Argentina and Chili, 89 Bukarest, treaty of (1886), 92 Bulgaria as a belligerent while under Turkish suzerainty, 62, 92 Buller, Sir Redvers, proclamation by during the South African War, 65 Bulmerincq, proposal regarding Prize Courts, 560 Bundesrath, case of the, 500, 502, 552 Bureau of Information in war, 163, 171, 181 Bynkershoek: on intercourse during war, 135 C Cabinet Ministers, capture of, 153 Camille, case of the, 426 Cancellation of treaties on account of: violation by one party, 338 war, 129 Capitulations: character and purpose of, 284 competence to conclude, 287 contents of, 285 flag of truce and, 286 form of, 286 violation of, 289 Captain W. Menzel, case of the, 376 detention in, after peace, 170, 336 discipline in, 169-170 effect of treaty of peace on, 335 law regarding, development of, 165-167 parole, release on, 170 relief societies assisting those in, 171 treatment of prisoners of war in, 167, 306 who may be taken into, 151, 152, 153, 169, 250, 308 Capture of neutral vessels: abandonment after, 551 conduct to port after, 547 destruction after, 547-551 effect of, 546 grounds of, 546 mode of, 546 ransom after, 551 recapture after, 551 release after, 551 after conclusion of peace, 555 by International Prize Court, 572-579 claims after, 557 municipal matter, a, 553 protests after, 557 result of, 555 Carolina, case of the, 519 Caroline, case of the, 376 Carriage of contraband. See Contraband of war Cartel ships: rules regarding, 283 seizure of, 236 Cartels: definition and purpose of, 275, 282 ransom of soldiers arranged by, 166 Carthage, case of the, 506 Castro, de, 40 Catharine, Empress of Russia, 355, 357 Cattaro, access refused to belligerent warships at, 418 Cesarewitch, case of the, 423 Cessation of hostilities, simple, 323, 324 Chablais and Faucigny, neutralisation of, 88 Chambers of Reunion, the so-called, 61 Charles XII. of Sweden, dictum of, 147 Charleston, blockade of, 450, 465 Chauvinism, 38 Chino-Japanese War (1894), referred to on: asylum on neutral man-of-war, 423 Citizens. See Private individuals Civil war: commencement of, 374 neutrality during, 365 termination of, 323 Clinton, Sir Henry, 198 Coal as contraband, 487 Columbia, case of the, 390 Commerce during war: between belligerents' subjects, 135, 275 between subjects of belligerents and neutrals, 352, 365, 385, 428 Commercen, case of the, 501 Commercia belli, 274 Commercial blockade, 452 Commercial treaty. See Treaties Commission: of Arbitration, 18 of Inquiry, 7 Compensation for violations of the Laws of War, 319-321, 439 Complaints of belligerents, 302, 303 Compromis, 26-31 Compulsive settlement of State differences. See State differences Conference of Berlin (1885), 11 Confiscation: at outbreak of war, 139, 140, 174-182, 204, 218 for carrying contraband, 508-514 Congo Conference of Berlin, 11 Congress of Vienna (1815), 88 Conquest, 325. See also Subjugation Consolato del mare, 218, 219, 349, 352, 534 Consular activity, rupture of, 129 Continuous voyage, doctrine of, 469, 472, 491, 499-506 Continuous transport: doctrine of, 499-506 partial recognition of, by Declaration of London, 505 absolute, 481, 483, 490, 498, 505 analogous of. See Unneutral Service articles for use of carrying vessel not considered, 493 beasts of burden as, 486 capture for, 506 circuitous, 499-506 consequences of, 506-514 Continental opinion on, 504 direct, 497 indirect, 500-506 penal by municipal law, 495 penalty for, 508-514 without knowledge of war, 140, 235, 512 coal as, 487 conception of, 480-495 conditional, 481, 485, 491, 498, 506 continuous transports, doctrine of, 499-506 cotton as, 487 definition of, 480 foodstuffs as, 486 horses as, 486 hostile destination essential to, 490 money as, 487 seizure of, during blockade, 290 seizure of, without seizure of vessel, 513 Contracts between subjects of belligerents, 137, 138, 333 Contributions, 183-187, 264, 267 Convoy: vessels under enemy, 542 vessels under neutral, 535-537, 543 Convoy of evacuation, 160 Cook, Captain, safe-conduct granted to, 232 Copenhagen: Battle of (1801), 356 Treaty of (1830), 542 Corfu, neutralisation of, 88, 369 Cotton as contraband, 487 Court of Arbitration at the Hague. See Permanent Court of Arbitration Courts of Justice, during occupation of country, 214 Crete: during the Turco-Italian War, 87 Crimean War, referred to on: asylum to men-of-war, 418 contraband, 501 enemy property at sea under neutral flag, 220 enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, 132 letters of marque, 220 loans, flotation of, 431 D Danous, case of the, 112 Danube, blockade of the, 453, 454 Dardanelles, 102 Dead, treatment of the, 162, 254 Dearborn, General, reprisal by, 307 Declaration concerning: diffusion of asphyxiating gases, 82, 150, 250 expanding (Dum-Dum) bullets, 82, 149, 250 launching of projectiles from balloons, 82, 150, 250 Declaration of: referred to on: capture of neutral vessels, 547-552 contraband, 480-514 enemy character, 107, 113, 117 free articles, 492 transfer of enemy vessels, 118 transfer of enemy goods, 120 trial of neutral vessels, 555-558 unneutral service, 435, 515-532 visitation of vessels, 536, 537, 540-545 St. Declarations of: blockade, 456-459 neutrality, 374 war, 122-125 Delagoa Bay, case of, 502 Den Beer Portugael, General, and rules on bombardment, 266 Denmark, treaty by, affecting neutrality, 372, 389 Swedish territory sold by, 205 Despatches: bearers of, 197 carriage of, for enemy, 435, 515, 516, 521-524, 525, 526, 528, 531 right of sending, 194 Dessaix, case of the, 244 arms and ammunition, 189 during bombardment, 195 merchantmen, 242-245 monuments, 189 necessary, 188 provisions, 189 wanton, 187 works of art, 189 Devastation, general, 190 De WÜtz v. Hendricks, 430 Dieppe, blockade of, 454 Diplomacy, 75 Diplomatic envoys: capture of, 154 carriage of, by neutrals, 517-521 despatches of, 435 found on enemy territory by a belligerent, 384 in besieged towns, 194 letters of marque granted by, 357 Diplomatic intercourse, rupture of, 129 Discovery, case of the, 232 Distress, vessels in circumstances of, 418, 472 Distribution of Prize Money Proclamation (1866), 248 Doelwijk, case of the, 505, 556 Dolus non purgatur circuitu, 499 Domicile of owner determines character of goods, 115 Drago doctrine, 25 Duclair, British coal-vessels at, 448 Dunant, Jean Henry, on treatment of wounded, 155 Dupleix, case of the, 89 Dutch East India squadron, attempted seizure of, 350 E Edmonds, Colonel, 82 belligerents' property on enemy territory, 139 belligerents' subjects in enemy State, 131 diplomatic relations, 129 merchantmen, 140-143 persona standi in judicio, 133 States in general, 128 trade between belligerents' subjects, 135 treaties, 129 El Arish, capitulation of, 287-289 Elba, case of the, 424 Elisabeth, case of the, 236 conception of, 44-46 different kinds of, 45 instance of, 40 Emblems of: hospital ships, 258 medical service of armies, 161 Emilia, case of the, 110 Ems, exclusion of the river, from blockade, 454 conception of, 106 of goods, 115-117 when transferred, 119 of individuals: enemy subjects domiciled in enemy country, 110-112 enemy subjects in neutral countries, 112 neutral subjects domiciled in enemy country, 109-112, 385 neutral subjects serving in armed forces of belligerents, 109 neutral subjects serving in police and administration of belligerents, 109 of vessels, 112-115 when transferred, 117 unneutral service creating, 524-526 Enemy convoy, 542 Enemy property. See Public enemy property; Private enemy property an aim of warfare, 204 constructive, 208 courts of justice, position of during, 214 duties arising from, 210 end of, 210 envoys' position during, 384 neutral property during, 384 officials' position during, 213 treatment of inhabitants during, 210-213 treatment of subjects of neutrals during, 213, 384 appropriation of, 238-249 attack and seizure of, 225-237 effect of seizure of, 231 furnishing of, by neutrals, 358, 372, 375, 389, 405-409 immunity from attack granted to, 232-237 in neutral waters, 395-397, 400-404 legitimate attack on, 225 medical and hospital staff of, 260 postal correspondence on, 237, 385 religious staff on, 260 sick bays on, 257 Euridice, case of the, 426 F Facultas bellandi, 90 Fanny, case of the, 542 Faravelli, bombardment of Turkish vessels in the harbour of Beirut by Italian naval forces under Admiral, 269 Faucigny, neutralisation of, 88 FÉcamp, blockade of, 454 Federal States, wars by members of, 63, 68, 92 Fictitious blockade, 461 Fides etiam hosti servanda, 273 Fiore, 504 First Coalition, 357 Fishing-boats, immunity from seizure, 234 Flag: character of vessel determined by, 112 transfer of vessels to neutral, 117 Flags of truce: bearers, treatment of, 279 capitulations and, 286 land warfare and, 278 meaning of, 278 naval warfare and, 278 occasions when used, 278-282, 287, 302 Flight. See Escape Flinders, safe-conduct granted to, 233 Florida, case of the, 443 Foodstuffs as contraband, 486 Foraging, 181 Foreign Enlistment Act. See Enlistment Act Forsigtigheten, case of the, 426 Franciska, case of the, 465 Franco-British wars referred to on: (1793), property in enemy State of belligerents, 139 (1803), subjects of belligerents on enemy territory, 131 (1793), treaty obligations, 372 Franco-German War, referred to on: armistices, 291, 292, 296, 297 asylum to belligerents, 411, 415 belligerents' subjects on enemy territory, 132 blockade, 454 cable laying, 436 capitulation, 286 courts of justice, 215 diplomatic envoys in besieged towns, 194 Franctireurs, 96 hostages, 317 loans, flotation of, 431 merchantmen, 222, 235, 236, 244 neutrality, 89, 368, 369, 400, 413, 415 passage of volunteers through neutral territory, 399 pilotage, 433 postliminium, 342 prizes, 244 sieges, 193 supplies by neutrals, 427, 428 suspension of arms, 291 train-wrecking, 318 unorganised hostile expedition, 400 vessels sailing under flag of another State, 233 Franctireurs, 96 Frankfort, Treaty of (1871), 329, 338, 343 Frankfort-on-the-Main, subjugation of, 327 Freden, case of the, 441 forcible levies by, 205 Frederikshamm, Peace treaty of (1809), 205 Free articles, 481, 483, 492-494 French Prize Courts set up in America, 357, 395 Friendship and Commerce, treaties of, 167, 221, 371, 508 FÜrst Bismarck, case of the, 390 G GaËta, blockade of, 49 Gelderland, case of the, 433 General, case of the, 502 General Armstrong, case of the, 442 GenÊt, letters of marque granted by, 357, 395 Geneva: Court of Arbitration, 444 SociÉtÉ d'utilitÉ publique, 155 Geneva Convention: adaptation of the principles of, to naval warfare, 80, 82, 252-262 application of the, 163 general provisions of the, 164 non-combatants and the, 415 origin of the, 154 wounded and dead and the, 80, 154-165, 181 Geneva Cross, 161, 162, 164, 203, 258 Genoa, capitulation of, 284 German coast, blockade of, 454 German contract for felling trees in French forests, 342 Gessner on carriage of contraband, 504 Good offices: complaints by belligerents to neutrals settled by, 303 duty of asking for, 13 duty of receiving offer of, 13 Hague Convention, rules regarding, 12-14 mediation compared with, 11 Russo-Japanese War and, 15 value of, 14 Goods sold by and to enemy subjects, enemy character of, 115, 119, 135-138, 249 Government officials, deposition by enemy of, 214 Greece, blockades of, 48, 49, 51 Grossovoi, case of the, 422 Grotius, cited on: captivity, 166 enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, 110 declaration of war, 121 destruction of enemy property, 189 H Hague Conventions concerning: bombardment by naval forces in time of war (IX.), 83, 265, 268-270 capture in maritime war, restrictions on the exercise of the right of (XI.), 83, 105, 233, 234, 237, 250, 360, 385, 522-524, 526 commencement of hostilities (III.), 82, 123-127, 363, 374 debts, employment of force for the recovery of contract (II.), 25, 46 disputes, pacific settlement of (I.), 6, 12-14, 20, 23-33, 122 Geneva Convention, adaptation of the principles of (X.), 82, 236, 250, 251, 252-262, 274, 413, 424, 425 International Prize Court, establishment of an (XII.), 108, 114, 117, 240, 241, 245, 360, 552, 555, 563, 565-579 merchant ships at the outbreak of hostilities, status of enemy (VI.), 83, 140-143, 235 merchant ships, conversion of, into war-ships (VII.), 83, 103, 360, 376 mines, laying of automatic submarine contact (VIII.), 83, 227-229, 360, 445, 463 neutral Powers and persons in war on land, rights and duties of (V.), 83, 94, 107, 108-110, 359, 364, 371, 382, 383, 384, 387, 389, 390, 393, 398, 399, 412, 414, 427, 431, 434, 435, 448 neutral Powers in maritime war, rights and duties of (XIII.), 83, 359, 376, 380, 382, 383, 384, 389, 394, 395, 396, 400, 401-404, 408, 418-423, 427, 432, 436, 441, 443, 445, 494 war on land, laws and customs of (IV.), referred to on: angary, exercise of right of, 448 armistices, 290, 291, 293, 296, 297, 298 assault, bombardment and siege, 192-195 booty, 177 Bureau of Information, 171 espionage, treason, ruses, 196-199, 201, 202, 313, 315 flags of truce, 278-281 Geneva Convention, 80 irregular forces, guerilla bands and levies en masse, 70, 96, 97, 313 killing and wounding, 147, 148 means of land warfare, 145, 148 means of securing legitimate warfare, 301, 304, 308, 319, 321 non-combatants, 95 occupation of enemy territory, 206, 207, 211, 214 parole, 170 persona standi in judicio, 134 prisoners of war, 167, 169, 172, 250, 336 property in enemy State, 140, 174-182, 188-190 property of the dead, 163, 274 quarter, 147 relief societies, 171 requisitions and contributions, 184, 185, 186, 438, 448 telegraph cables, 271 Hague Court of Arbitration. See Permanent Court of Arbitration Hague Declarations concerning: asphyxiating gases, prohibition of use of, 82, 150, 250 bullets, expanding, prohibition of use of, 82, 149, 250 projectiles, prohibition of discharge of certain, 82, 150, 227, 250 of 1907: 81, 108, 123, 140, 222, 223, 224, 233, 234, 252, 320, 383 Haimun, case of the, 437 Hale, case of Captain Nathan, 199 Hall, on requisitions and contributions in naval warfare, 264 Halleck, on: abuse of flag of truce, 281 ruses, 263 stratagems and perfidy, 202 Hanover, subjugation of, 327 Harmony, case of the, 110 Hautefeuille, on: justification of blockade, 455 right of visitation of neutral vessels, 534 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901), 89 Heads of States: power of making treaties when prisoner, 331 Heffter on occupation of enemy territory, 205 Heilborn, on war material on neutral territory, 416 Henfield, Gideon, case of, 358 Hertha, case of the, 89 Hesse-Cassel: case of the Domains of, 344 subjugation of, 327 Hipsang, case of the, 548 Hobbs v. Henning, 503 Holland, blockade of, 49 Holland on: armistices, 290 bombardment, 266 contraband, 522 doctrine of continuous voyage, 500, 503 indemnities, 180 pacific blockade, 48 release of neutral prize, 552 Hon-kohe Bay, Russian fleet in, 404 Horses as contraband, 486 emblem of, 258 Hostages, 153, 213, 246, 317-319 Hostilities: between belligerents. See War by and against neutrals, 386, 387 effect of simple cessation of, 323, 324 instances of simple cessation of, 323 HÜbner, proposal regarding Prize Courts, 559 Huddy, Joshua, case of, 306 Hussar, case of the, 263 I Icona, case of the, 548 Iltis, case of the, 424 Imina, case of the, 503 Indemnities for: neutral cargo on destroyed enemy vessels, 244, 245 neutral innocent cargo on destroyed neutral vessels, 550 private property, 142, 180, 182, 184 Indians, as members of regular forces, 99 Industrie, case of the, 525 Inflexible, case of the, 282 Information regarding military and naval operations, 211, 434 Inquiry Commissions, 7 Institute of International Law on: aerial warfare, 151 angary, 447 capture, 546 carriage of contraband, 504, 510 commencement of war, 123 contributions and requisitions, 265 effect of war on treaties, 131 laws of war, 81 neutrality, 408 prizes, 244 reprisals, 308-309 visitation, 534 Insurgents as belligerents, 69, 92 between subjects of belligerents, 135-138, 275, 333 between subjects of neutrals and belligerents, 117, 352, 365, 385, 428 International Bureau of the International Court of Arbitration, 27 acts as registry for Commissions at the Hague, 8 acts as registry for the International Prize Court, 562, 569, 573, 579 International Commission of Inquiry: in the Dogger Bank case, 7, 15 procedure at an, 7-9 International Conference at the Hague (1904), 256, 257 International Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables, 271 International Court of Arbitration. See Permanent Court of Arbitration International Postal Union, in time of war, 130 International Prize Court: action in damages in the, 577-579 Administrative Council of the, 569 competence of the, 529, 541, 569-571 constitution of the, 565-569 Convention (XII.) for the establishment of an, 563 costs of parties before the, 576 expenses of the, 576 law to be applied by the, 571 personnel of the, 565 procedure of the, 572-577, 578 registry of the, 569, 573, 579 seat of the, 568 tasks for the, 542, 543, 544, 545, 554, 557 International Rivers, blockade of, 454 Intervention: conception of, 54 distinguished from participation, 54 illegitimate warfare and, 302 instance of, 388 mode of, 55 right of, 304 time of, 55 Invasion in contradistinction to occupation, 98, 206 Invincible, case of the, 282 Ionian Islands, neutrality of, 88, 369 Irregular forces, definition of, 96 Italian Marine Code (1865), 222 Italian Prize Commission, 556 J Jakoga, Major, case of, 199, 315 Jameson raid, 62 Jemchug, case of the, 423 Johanna Emilie, case of the, 110 Joinville, Prince de, on bombardment, 266 belli, 91 postliminii, 339 See also Right K Kaiserin Maria Theresia, case of the, 390 Kamranh Bay, Russian fleet in, 404 Keith, Lord, and capitulation of El Arish, 288 KlÉber, General, and capitulation of El Arish, 287 Kleen, on carriage of contraband, 504 Knight Commander, case of the, 548 Korea, 87 Korietz, case of the, 388, 424, 442 Kow-shing, case of the, 114, 424 Kriegs-manier, 84 Kruger, President, conveyance to Europe, 433 L La Santissima Trinidad, case of the, 405 Lambermont, Baron, cited on private individuals who commit hostile acts, 66 aims of, 144 assault, 191-193 bombardment, 191-195 captivity. See Captivity dead, treatment of the, 162 distinguished from sea warfare, 145 emblems denoting medical establishments and personnel, 161, 203 enemy property. See Public enemy property; Private enemy Property espionage, 196-199 expanding bullets, 149 explosive bullets, 149 explosives from balloons, 150 flags of truce, 278 killing of combatants, 146 means of, 144 medical establishments, units, and material, 158, 195, 493 medical personnel, 159 objects of means of, 145 occupation. See Enemy territory, occupation of prisoners, who may be made, 151, 152, 153, 169. See also Prisoners of War projectiles: from balloons, 150 diffusing noxious gases, 150 quarter, refusal of, 147 requisitions, 153, 183-186, 212 ruses, 200-203 sick, treatment of, 154-165 siege, 191-194 stratagems, 200-203 treason, 199 unlawful practices in, 144, 148, 192, 193 violence against enemy persons, 146, 151, 153 wounded, treatment of, 154-165 wounding of combatants, 146, 148 LapÉrouse, Count, granted safe-conduct, 233 binding force of, 83 development of, 79-83 treaties regarding, 79-83 Legitimate warfare, means of securing, 300-321 Le Hardy contre La Voltigeante, 111 Lena, case of the, 422 L'EspiÈgle, case of the, 443 Letters of marque, 42, 46, 100, 220, 239, 351, 357, 399, 534 Levies: forcible, 205, 211 on neutral territories forbidden, 398 Licences: special, of ingress and egress during blockade, 453 to trade, 275 Lichtenstein, war with Prussia, 323 Lieber, on rules of war, 80 Lien on war material, 416 Lion, case of the, 424 Lippencott, Captain, case of, 307 Loans, 430-432 London: Declaration of. See Declaration of London Treaty of (1863), 88 Louis XIV.: Ordinance of 1681, concerning neutral property, 219 practice of embargo, 446 Louis Napoleon, award of, in the case of the General Armstrong, 442 Ludwig, case of the, 244 Lushington, on blockade, 462, 463, 464 M Madison, Mr., reprisal by, 307 Magellan, Straits of, neutralisation of, 89 Mailbags during war, 237, 385, 524 Mailboats during war, 236, 526, 531, 535 Malacca, case of the, 102 Man-of-war, neutral, as an asylum, 423 Manouba, case of the, 531 Marauding, 316 Maritime Convention of St. Petersburg (1801), 356, 536 Martens, von, 18 Mason, Mr., case of seizure of, 519, 530 Mediation, 10-15 difference between good offices and, 11 duty of asking for, 13 duty of receiving, 13 Hague Convention, rules regarding, 12-14 legal value of, 5 particular form of, 14 value of, 14 Medical establishments, &c. See Land Warfare, also Naval warfare Menam, blockade of, 49 Menou, General, and capitulation of El Arish, 288 appropriation of, 218-224, 238-249 attacking, 313 conversion into men-of-war, 100-104 conversion into men-of-war after destruction of, 242-245 immunity from seizure of, 234, 235 neutral goods on, 218-220, 244, 384 ransom of, 245 restoration of, 247 sale of goods on, in transitu, 119, 249 seizure of, 231 status of, at outbreak of war, 140-143 voyage of, at outbreak of war, 235 Merchantmen, neutral: crews of, 250 enemy goods on, 115, 218-224, 356, 385 giving transport to belligerents, 433, 525 rendering unneutral service, 386, 434, 524 rescuing wounded, &c., 259 under enemy flag, 112-115, 233, 248 Messina, blockade of, 49 Meteor, case of the, 405 Mexico, blockade of, 49 Military operations and neutrals, 386-397 Military preparations and neutrals, 397-409 Militia, 94 Convention concerning the laying of, 228, 463 floating mechanical, 227-231 submarine contact, 227-231, 445, 463 Mitylene, seizure of the island of, 43 Modena, subjugation of, 327 Modeste, case of the, 441 Money as contraband, 487 Montara, case of the, 114 Moynier, Gustave, 155 Municipal neutrality laws, 364, 375, 418, 422 Municipal officials, deposition by enemy, 214 N Nancy Court of Appeal, case of, 215 Napoleon I.: act of reprisals by, 131 Berlin decrees of (1806), 357, 453 seizure of works of art by, 177 troops ordered by, to march through neutral territory, 391 Nassau, subjugation of, 327 Nationality of owner determines character of goods, 116 Naval Code: Italian, 222 United States. See United States Naval Conference of London. See London Naval Prize Act (1864), 245, 247 Naval Prize Bill (1911), 240, 245, 247 aims of, 216 asylum during. See Neutral asylum bombardment of enemy coast, 266-270 cables, interference with submarine, 271 contributions, 264 dead, treatment of, 254 enemy merchantmen. See Merchantmen; Prizes espionage, 262 flags of truce, 278 French Ordinances relating to, 219 hospital staff on ships, 260 law of, impending codification, 224 lawful practices, 217 medical staff on ship, 260 objects of, 218 prisoners, who may be made, 250 private property at sea during, 218-223 prizes. See Prizes; Prize Courts religious staff on ship, 260 requisitions, 264 restrictions on the right of capture, 232-237 ruses, 262 shipwrecked, treatment of, 253 sick, treatment of, 253 treason, 262 unlawful practices, 217 against non-combatants, 250 against enemy civilians, 251 wounded: articles destined for the, 493 treatment of, 253 neutral ships assisting, 259, 423-425 Navarino, battle of, 48 Negotiation: conception of, 6 effect of, 9 importance of, 9 legal value of, 5 peace, 328 procedure during, 6 Negroes, as members of regular forces, 99 Nelson, 356 Nereide, case of the, 542 Netherlands, right of convoy claimed by the, 535 Neumayr de Ramsla, 349 abuse of, 420-423 exterritoriality of men-of-war in, 419 facilities rendered to vessels in, 402, 404, 420, 422, 423 fugitive soldiers and, 413-415 in general, 409 land and naval forces distinguished as regards, 417 land forces and, 409-416 naval forces and, 417-425 neutral men-of-war as, 423 non-combatants of belligerent forces and, 415 option of State to grant, 417 prisoners of war and, 410, 419 vessels in distress in, 418 war material in, 415 Neutral goods: innocent, on destroyed neutral vessels, 550 on such enemy merchantmen as are being destroyed, 244 Neutralisation, temporary, 89 Neutralised States as belligerents, 91, 93, 386-389 Neutrality: angary, right of, 446-449 armed, definition of, 369 the First and the Second. See First Armed Neutrality; Second Armed Neutrality asylum, to land forces, 409-416 naval forces, 417-425 war material, 415 belligerents to recognise, 367 benevolent, 370 blockade. See Blockade characteristics of, 361-368 civil war and, 365 commencement of, 373-377 conception of, 361 contraband. See Contraband of war Conventions, 383 conventional, 369 declarations of, 374 definition of, 361 development and institution of, 347-360 different kinds of, 368-372 end of, 377 in general, 369 impartiality, contents of duty of, 362, 381, 383 instances of, 350 intercourse during, no cessation of, 365, 385 knowledge of war necessary for, 373 laws prescribing attitude of, 375-377 military operations and, 386-397 military preparations and, 397-409 partial, 369 perfect, 370 perpetual, 368 rights and duties derived from, 363, 378-386 treaties affecting, 371-372 violation of. See Violation of neutrality voluntary, 369 Neutrals: asylum. See Neutral asylum belligerents occupying territory of, 394 conduct in general of, 362, 378 depÔts and factories of belligerents on territory of, 397 fugitive soldiers in custody of, 413-415 hostilities by and against, 386-389 impartiality of, 362, 381-383, 386 intercourse between enemy and, 365, 385 loans by, to belligerents, 430 on the part of subjects of, 430-432 men-of-war, built and fitted out by, 405-409 passage of, through waters of, 393 rescuing wounded, &c., 259, 424 supplied by, 389 military operations and, 386-397 information regarding, 434-437 mines, laying of, by, 445 naval operations and, 400-409 information regarding, 434-437 organisation of hostile expeditions by, 400 pilotage by, 432 Prize Courts on territory of, 395 prizes of belligerents and, 395 relations of, with belligerents, 378-449 representation at International Prize Court, 569 rights and duties of, 363, 378-386 services by, to belligerents, 389, 432-437 subjects of, fighting for belligerents, 390 supplies by, to belligerents, 375, 405-409, 426-430 on part of subjects of, 427-430 troops, levy of, by, 398 vessels of, rescuing wounded, 259, 424 Neutral territory: as a base of naval operations forbidden, 400-404 despatches carried over, 435 other uses made of, by belligerents, 394-399, 400 passage through, 372, 382, 391-394, 399 shipwrecked, the, on, 424 Newspaper correspondents in naval warfare, 437 Niagara, case of the, 465 Nickolsburg, Preliminaries of, 329 Nigretia, case of the, 519 Nimeguen, Peace of (1678), 61 Non-combatants: attached to armies, 95, 151, 158-161, 169 attached to naval forces, 250, 254-257, 415 Non-hostile relations, 273-299 North-Eastern Boundary Dispute between U.S.A. and Great Britain, 19 North-German Confederation, 100 North Sea outrage. See Dogger Bank Northern war, selling of territories during, 205 Notification: of blockade, 457-459 of bombardment, 194 Novara, case of the, 233 Novik, case of the, 423 O Occupation of enemy territory. See Enemy territory Oki, Captain Teisuki, 199, 315 Oldhamia, case of the, 548 Oleg, case of the, 423 Open Sea: angary, right of, on, 447 belligerents in neutral ports leaving for, 401, 402, 421 capture on the, 526 contraband on, 495 despatch carriers on, 526, 528, 531 enemy property found on, by belligerents, 547 goods on neutral vessels on, 495-514 jurisdiction over foreign subjects on, 364 mechanical mines in, 227 neutral merchantmen on, 128 neutralisation of parts of, 88-90 order on the, in thirteenth century, 239 region of war, 85 visitation on, 534 Orange Free State, annexation of, 327 effective occupation of, 209 Ordinances by France on neutral ships and goods, 219 Orinoco Steamship Company, case of, 19 Orozembo, case of the, 518 Outbreak of war: after declaration, 123 after initiative hostile acts, 126 after ultimatum, 125 effects of. See Effects of outbreak of war in general, 121 notification of, 125 P development of, 48 disposal of vessels seized during, 52 mode of, 52 third States and, 51 value of, 53 variations of practice in, 51 war not necessarily caused by, 53 Palme, case of the, 233 Panama Canal, neutralisation of the, 89 Papal States, 327 Paris: Act of November (1815), 392 Declaration of (1856). See Declaration of Paris Peace treaty of. See Peace treaty Parma, subjugation of, 327 Pascal, case of the, 424 Passage through neutral territory: of individuals intending to enlist, 399 of prisoners of war and wounded, 412 of wounded, 392 Passports, 276 Paul, Emperor, armed neutrality in reign of, 355, 356 Paxo, neutralisation of, 88, 369 Peace: negotiations for, 328 preliminaries of, 329 restoration of condition of, 332 Peace Conferences. See Hague Peace Conferences Peace Societies, so-called, 22 Peace treaty of: Amiens (1802), 332 Berlin (1878), 330 Bukarest (1886), 92 Frankfort (1871), 329, 338, 343 Frederikshamm (1809), 205 London (1863), 88; (1864), 88 Nimeguen (1678), 61 Portsmouth (1905), 15, 329, 331, 555 Prague (1866), 329 Pyrenees (1659), 537 Westminster (1654), 535 ZÜrich (1859), 329 Perfidy, instances of, 202, 263, 281, 285 Administrative Council of the, 565, 569 International Bureau of the, 8, 27, 562, 569, 573, 579 procedure of the, 27-31 Persia, emblem of medical service, 161, 259 Persona standi in judicio of alien enemies, 133 Peterburg, case of the, 102 Peterhoff, case of the, 454, 470, 500, 501 Phillimore on: blockade, 462 continuous voyage, 500 reprisals, 42 violations of neutrality, 371 Pillage, 181 Pilotage by neutrals, 432 Poison in warfare, 85, 148, 193, 249 Port Arthur, battle of, 423 surrender of, 285 Portalis, declaration by, 64 Portsmouth, Peace treaty of (1905), 15, 329, 331, 555 Portugal, treaty affecting neutrality of, 372 Postal Convention: between Great Britain and Holland (1843), 237 between Great Britain and France (1860), 236 Postal correspondence during war 236, 385, 524 Postilion, case of the, 112, 115 conception of, 339 effects of, 340 illegitimate acts and, 343 interregnum debars, 343 legitimate acts unaffected by, 342 revival of former state of things, 341 Prague, Treaty of (1866), 329 Preliminaries of peace, 329 PrÉvost, General, reprisal by, 307 Princesse Marie, case of the, 548 appropriation of, 174, 179-182 booty on battlefield, 163, 177, 181 conveyed into belligerents' territory, 182 destruction of, 187-191 immovable, 179 on enemy territory, 139-143 personal, 180 transport, means of, 180 utilisation of, 179 war material, 180 works of art and science, 180, 195 during siege and bombardment, 193, 194 hostility in arms of, 97, 152, 312 intercourse and trade with enemy subjects, 135, 405, 427-432, 434-437 of neutral States, treatment of, 363-365 position at outbreak of war, 131 position in general as regards war, 63-67 property of, on enemy territory, 139 requisitions in kind and service from, 152, 184-187, 211-213 appeal against judgment of, 241, 529, 530, 555, 557 blockade runners, adjudication of, 476 captured neutral vessel to be tried by, 510-514, 529, 530, 544, 547-552 claims after judgment of, 557 conduct of neutral vessels to, 547 continuous voyage and, 499 discretion of, as to confiscation, 544 origin of, 238 practice of, 553 purpose of, 239 reform projects for, 559 territory on which instituted, 240, 395 abandonment of, 246 cargo of, 242 conduct of, to Prize Court, 241, 546 distribution of prize money, 248 hostage for ransom, 246 loss of, 246 neutral goods on, 242, 244, 530 ransom of, 245 safe keeping on neutral territory, 395 sale of, 396 effect of, 248 Property. See Private enemy property; Public enemy property Prussian Regulations regarding Naval Prizes, 505 appropriation of, 174-178, 183 at sea, 218 booty on battlefield, 163, 177 destruction of. See Destruction of enemy property during bombardment, 195 immoveable, 174-175 moveable, 176-177 on enemy territory, 139 Pufendorf, 295 Pursuit, right of. See Right of pursuit Pyrenees, Peace treaty of (1659), 537 Q Qualification of belligerents, 90-92 Qualified neutrality, 370-372, 389, 392 Quarter: refusal of, 147 Quartering of soldiers, 181, 185 R Railways, use of, in war, 139, 176, 180, 447, 448 Ramillies, case of the, 263 Ransom of prize, 245 Rapid, case of the, 522 Ras-el-Tin Fort, case of, 282 Rebellion contrasted with war, 62 Rebels, 70 Receptum arbitri, 17 Recognition as a belligerent Power, 69 Red Sea, proposed neutralisation of, 90 Region of war, 85-90 exclusion from, through neutralisation, 88 Relief Societies, 171 Reparation for: exercise of right of angary, 385 violation of neutrality, 352, 380, 442 Reprisals: admissibility of, 40, 46, 281, 305 arbitrariness in, danger of, 306 by whom performed, 41 cessation of, 46 conception of, 38 embargo, 40, 44. See also Embargo inception of, 46 instances of, 131, 147, 306-308 laws of war not binding in case of, 84 objects of, 42 peace, distinguished from war, 46, 305 proportionate to wrong done, 44 restriction of, proposed, 308 Reshitelni, case of the, 389, 442 Resistance to visitation, forcible, 540-543 Retorsion: conception and characteristics of, 36 exercise of, 37 importance of, 36 justification for, 37 reprisals contrasted with, 38 value of, 38 Reuss, M. de, 40 Riga, blockade of, 464 of convoy, 535 of pursuit of a vanquished army into neutral territory, 352, 387 of stoppage in transitu, 120 See also Jus Rio de Janeiro, blockade of, 49 Rio Grande, blockade of the, 454 Rivier, 84 Riza Bey, Colonel, made prisoner, 531 Roberts, Lord: action concerning train wrecking, 318 proclamations during South African War, 318 reprisal by, 306 Robe d'ennemy confisque celle d'amy, 219 Roche, Hon. J. B., case of, 376 Rojdestvensky, Admiral, in territorial waters, 404 North Sea outrage and, 7 Rouen, blockade of, 454 characteristics of, 200 distinguished from perfidy, 202 Russo-Japanese War referred to on: armistice, 331 asylum to men-of-war, 422, 423 booty on battlefield, 182 capitulation, 285 declaration of war, 123 destruction of enemy merchantmen, 243 destruction of neutral prizes, 548 Dogger Bank case, 7 enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, 132 hospital ships, 256 intervention, 388 irregular forces, 96 mechanical mines, 227 merchantmen at outbreak of war, 235 neutrality, 87, 359, 375, 387, 390, 422 prizes, destruction of, 243 release of neutral prizes, 555 telegraphic facilities, 436 volunteer fleets, 102 warships in neutral waters, 404 war treason, 315 Russo-Swedish War (1788), referred to on neutrality, 372, 389 Russo-Turkish War (1877), referred to on: flag, use of false, 262 loans, 431 merchantmen at outbreak of war, 235 peace negotiations, 330 S Safe-conducts, granting of, 232, 276 Safeguards, 277 St. Kilda, case of the, 548 St. Petersburg: Declaration of. See Declaration of St. Petersburg Maritime Convention of (1801), 356, 536 Sale of vessels in time of war, 117, 248, 390, 426 San Stefano, Peace treaty of, 330, 335 Sardinia, subjugation of States by, 327 neutral property on armed enemy vessels condemned by, 542 on capture of enemy vessels in neutral waters, 443 on contraband, 503 on unneutral service, 519 on vessels under neutral convoy, 543 See also Stowell, Lord Scouting, 197 Scouts, use of armed natives as, 99 Sea warfare. See Naval warfare Search: resistance to, 540-545 right of, over merchantmen, 533-540 during armistice, 290 Seizure, immunity of vessels from, 232-237 See also Enemy vessels Seven Years' War, forcible levies in, 205 Ship. See Enemy vessels; Merchantmen Ship papers, 543-545 Shipwrecked, treatment of the, 252-262, 424 Sicilian sulphur monopoly, 39, 45 Sicilies, subjugation of the Two, 327 Sick-bays, 257 Silesia, passage of troops through, 391 Silesian loan, case of the, 44, 557 Sinnet, Mr., case of, 376 Slidell, Mr., case of seizure of, 519, 530 Smith, Sir Sidney, and capitulation of El Arish, 287 Smolensk, case of the, 102 Solferino, battle of, 155 effective occupation of, 209 South African War referred to on: amnesty, 334 concentration camps, 190 devastation, 190 enemy character, 109 enemy subjects on belligerent's territory, 132 hostages, 318 natives as scouts, 99 need of an International Prize Court, 561 neutrality, 359 neutrals' subjects fighting in the, 109 passage of troops, 372 prisoners, 147 repatriation, 173 reprisals during, 306 subjugation, 327 transport, 433 vessel, release of, 552 Spanish-American War referred to on: cable laying, 436 cancellation of treaties, 129 flag, use of false, 262 merchantmen at outbreak of war, 235 Spanish Armada, prisoners from, on neutral territory, 411 Spanish Colonies' War of Independence, sale of vessels in (1825), 426 Springbok, case of the, 470, 500, 501 Stackelburg, Baron de, case of, 43 amicable settlement of, 3-33 four ways, 5 compulsive settlement of, 34-56 conception, 34 ultimatums and demonstrations, 35 war distinguished from, 34 Law of Nations and, 4 legal, 3-5 causes of, 3 settlement of, 4 political, 3-5 causes of, 3 settlement of, 4 States: duty of, in neutrality, 363 qualification to make war, 90-93 Stephen Hart, case of the, 470 Stockholm, Convention of (1905), 89 Stoessel, General accused of perfidy, 285 Stoppage in transitu, right of, 120 on immunity of fishing-boats, 234 on Prize Courts, 554 See also Scott, Sir William Stratagems. See Ruses Strategic blockade, 452 definition of, 326 formal end of war, 326 instances of, 326 Submarine mines. See Mines Subsidies, 430-432 Suez Canal, neutralisation of, 88, 102 Suspension of arms, 291 Swineherd, case of the, 332 Swiss Bundesrath, on treatment of wounded, 155 Swiss Federal Council and the Geneva Convention, 164 Switzerland, neutralisation of, 91, 348, 358, 363, 368, 369, 392, 413, 415, 428 troops marched through, 392 Sybille, case of the, 263 T Tagus, blockade of the, 49 Talbot, case of the, 424 Telegraph cable, interference with submarine, 271-272 use of, by belligerents, 435-437 Telegraphy, wireless, 436, 437 Tetardos, case of the, 548 Tetens, proposal regarding Prize Courts, 560 Thea, case of the, 548 Theatre of war, 85 Torpedoes, 227 Trading between belligerent's subjects. See Intercourse Train-wrecking, 318 Traitors, 105 Transfer: of enemy goods, 119 of enemy vessels, 117 Transmission of intelligence for the enemy, 521 Transport on the part of neutrals, 424, 433, 434 Transvaal. See South African Republic Treason, 199, 262, 313-316, 318 cancellation of, at outbreak of war, 129 cancellation through violation by one party, 339 (1894), 17 of Friendship and Commerce (1785), 167, 221, 508 (1778), 371 Treaty of: Buenos Ayres (1881), 89 Copenhagen (1830), 542 Washington (1871), 557 Westminster (1654), 535 amnesty under, 334 breach of, 338 competence to conclude, 330 contracts, suspended, and, 333 date of, 331 effects of, 332-337 forces in distant parts, effect on, 332 form of, 330 interpretation of stipulations of, 337 negotiations for, 328 normal end of war, 327 parts of, 330 performance of, 337 preliminaries of, 329 principle of uti possidetis, 334 prisoners of war, release of, 335 revival of treaties, 336 Trial of captured neutral vessels, 553-558 Tripoli, ultimatum threatening occupation of, 126 Tsu Shima, battle of, 423 Turco-Italian War (1911), referred to on: bombardment by naval forces, 269, 303 carriage of contraband, 506 complaints to neutral Powers during, 303 mediation, 11 Red Sea, proposed neutralisation of, 90 rules of the Declaration of London, 360 subjects of belligerent expelled from enemy territory, 132 subjects of belligerent on enemy territory, 132 unneutral service, 531 Turco-Servian War (1877), violation of neutrality during, 391 Turkey, emblem of medical service of, 161, 259 Tuscany, subjugation of, 327 Twee Gebroeders, case of the, 443 U Ukase of 1809, 357 Ultimatum, 35, 125 Foreign Enlistment Act of, 358, 375 Instructions for the Government of Armies of the, in the Field (1863), 67, 80, 98 International Prize Court and the, 577 naval 83, 217, 224, 233, 243, 262, 265, 272, 285, 447, 460, 486 capture for, 526 carriage of despatches, 515, 521-524, 528, 531, 532 consequences of, 526-532 diplomatic personages, carriage of, for enemy, 519, 532 enemy character created by, 524 enemy persons, carriage of, 515, 517-521 kinds of, 515 mailboats carrying despatches, 526, 531 penalty for, 527 seizure of despatches, 530, 531 seizure of enemy persons, 530, 531 transmission of intelligence, 521 Uriu, Admiral, in Korean neutral waters, 388 Uti possidetis, principle of, 324, 334 Usus in bello, 78 V Vassal States, wars by, 62, 68, 91, 92 Vattel on: armistices, 295 loans to belligerents, 430 neutrality, 350 occupation of territory, 205 perfidy, 263 reprisals, 44 Vega, case of the, 233 Venezuela: boundary dispute (1900), 18 Venus, case of the, 112 Versailles, Preliminaries of Peace of, 329 Vessels. See Enemy vessels; Contraband vessels Victor, case of the, 427 Vienna Congress, Act of 1815, 88 Vigilantibus jura sunt scripta, 295 Villafranca, preliminaries of Peace Treaty of, 329 Violation of: armistices, 297 capitulations, 289 neutral territory, 384 conception of, 438 consequences of, 439 distinguished from end of, 439 mines laid to prevent, 445 negligence by neutrals conducive to, 444 neutrals and, 440 reparation from belligerents for, 352, 380, 442 what constitutes, 389-409, 412, 422, 426, 429, 430, 433, 435-437 peace treaties, 338 rules of war, 310 Violence: in land warfare, 146-154 in naval warfare, 249-251 Visitation of neutral vessels: armistice and, 534 conception of right of, 533 convoyed vessels, 355, 535-537, 542 exercise of, 534 mailboats, 535 men-of-war, 535 papers and, 543-545 private vessels, 535 procedure, 538 resistance to, 540-543 by neutral convoy, 543 consequences of, 540 rules regarding, no universal, 537 search, 539 stopping vessels for purpose of, 538 what constitutes, 541 Vladimirowka, occupation by the Japanese, 96 Voluntary Aid Societies, 158-160 Volunteer corps, 94 Volunteer fleet, 100-104 VorwÄrts, case of the, 244 Vrow Houwina, case of the, 501 W aerial warfare, 150, 192, 207, 227 armed forces in, 63 belligerents. See Belligerents causes of, 72-75 just, 74 pretexts distinct from, 75 cessation of hostilities, simple, 290, 323-324 characteristics of, 59-72 commencement of, 121 conception of, 60-63 declaration of, 122-125 diminution of, 75 effects of the outbreak of, 128-143 enemy character. See Enemy character guerilla, 70-72 illegitimate, 300 initiative hostile acts, 126-128 kinds of, 76 land. See Land warfare laws of. See Laws of war legality of, 59 legitimate, 300 means of securing, 300-321 manifestoes of, 121 naval. See Naval warfare non-hostile relations of belligerents during, 273-299 outbreak of, 121-128. See also Effects of outbreak of war participants in, 62 poison and poisoned arms in, 85, 148, 193, 249 postliminium. See Postliminium pretexts for, 75 private individuals: status during, 63-67 hostilities by, 97, 152, 298, 312 purpose of, 67 region of, 85-90 right to make, 91 subjugation. See Subjugation. temporary condition, a, 322 termination of, 322-332 territory neutralised in case of, 88-90 theatre of, 85 treaty of peace. See Treaty of peace ultimatum, 125 violation of rules of, 310 War crimes: conception of, 309 kinds of, 310-316 punishment for committing, 316 effect of treaty of peace on, 335 in land warfare, 66, 96, 97, 197, 289, 303, 334 in naval warfare, 226 War of Secession (1861), 63 Washburne, case of Mr., 194 Washington: Treaty of, 557 Wellington, Duke of, on bombardment, 266 Westlake, proposition for Court of Appeal in prize cases, 560 Westminster, Treaty of (1654), 535 Wheaton, on resistance to visitation, 542 William, case of the, 499 Wireless telegraphy, use of by belligerents, 435-437 Wounded: articles for the use of, 493 THE END Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co. |
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