  A Abandoned river-beds, 302 Abdicated monarchs, 432 Absorption of a State, 127 Abuse of flag, 336 Abyssinia, independence of, 76, 145, 147, 156, 164 Accession to treaties, 568 Accretion of territory: abandoned river-beds, 302 alluvions, 300 artificial formations, 299 conception of, 299 deltas, 300 different kinds of, 299 new-born islands, 301 Acosta, 97 Acquisition of territory, 281-284 Acquisition of territory by individuals and corporations, 282 Acts, 551 Adhesion to treaties, 569 Administration of territory by a foreign Power, 232 Aegi, case of, 496 Africa: notification of future occupations on the coast of, 294, 590 preservation of wild animals in, 623 Agadir, German action at, 76 Agent consular, 486 Agents lacking diplomatic or consular character, 509 Agents provocateurs, 510 Agricultural Institute, International, 518, 617 Agriculture, Convention for preservation of birds useful to, 618 Aix-la-Chapelle: Congress of (1818), 67, 444, 566, 588 Peace treaty of (1668), 62; (1748), 64 Alaska boundary dispute, 272, 320 Alcazar, case of, 220 Alcorta, 97 Alexander II. of Russia, assassination of, 416, 418, 420 Alexander VI., Pope, 316 Alexandria, International Court of appeal at, 499 Algeciras, International Conference of, 75, 156 Algeria, trade between France and, 608 Aliens Act, the, 391 Act for the registration of, 398 expulsion of, 399-403 how far they can be treated according to discretion, 397 in Eastern countries, 395 protection to be afforded to, 397 reception of, 390 reconduction of, 402 right of asylum of, 392 subjected to territorial supremacy, 393 their departure from the foreign country, 398 under protection of their home State, 395 Alliances: casus foederis, 599 conception of, 595 conditions of, 598 different kinds of, 597 parties to, 597 Alluvion, 300 "Alternat" clause, the, 173 Amakouron, river, 242 Ambassadors, 57, 444. See also Diplomatic envoys Ambrose Light, case of the, 342 Amelia Island, case of the, 186 American International Bureau, 517, 624 American Civil War, 70 Amos, Sheldon, 94 Andorra, international position of, 146 Anglo-French Agreement (1904), 278, 539 Anglo-Japanese Alliance, text of, 596 Anna, case of the, 301 Annexation, 303 Anti-Slavery Conference at Brussels, 368, 517, 560 Antivari, port of, 327 Antoninus Pius, 315 Anzilotti, 104 Apocrisiarii, 437 International Court of, 79, 274, 278, 372, 410, 503 Permanent Court of, suggested in 1306 by Pierre Dubois, 58 Tribunal at Paris (1893), 352 Armed forces on foreign territory, 500. See also Jurisdiction Armed neutrality, first (1780), 64 Army of Occupation, jurisdiction of, 503 Art, Union for the protection of works of, 516, 615 Artificial boundaries, 270 Artificial formation of territory, 299 Asylum of criminals: in foreign countries, 392 in hÔtels of diplomatic envoys, 461 in men-of-war and other public vessels abroad, 507 Atmosphere, territorial, 236 AttachÉs of Legation, 472 Attentat clause, the Belgian, 416, 421 Aubaine, droit d', 398 Aubespine, case of L', 459 Austria-Hungary as a real union, 134 Authentic interpretation, 582 Aviation, 236 Avulsio, 300 Awards of the Court of Arbitration, 521 Ayala, 84 Azoff, Sea of, 321 Azuni, 320 B Baker, Sir Sherston, 94 maintenance of status quo in the, 604 Bancroft treaties, 389 Barbeyrac, 90 Barents Sea, 266 Barima, river, 242 Bass, case of De, 459 Bavaria sends and receives diplomatic envoys, 441 Bay: of Cancale, 262 of Stettin, 263 Bays, 262 Bearers of despatches, 511, 512 Beckert, case of, 474 Behring Sea Award Act (1894), 352 Behring Sea conflict between Great Britain and United States, 320, 351 Belgium, independence of, 68, 312 Belle-Isle, case of MarÉchal de, 471 Belli, 84 Bello, 97 Berlin: Congo Conference of (1884-85), 72, 153, 368, 514, 537, 590, 605 Congress of (1878), 71, 118, 272, 368, 514 Decrees of, 65 Treaty of (1878), 71, 76, 327, 364, 369, 387, 575, 576, 579, 590 Bernard, 102 Berne Convention, 615 Bill of lading, 331 Binding force of treaties, 541, 545, 546 Biologic investigation of the North Sea, 626 Birds: in Africa, preservation of, 623 useful to agriculture, Convention for the preservation of, 618 Birkenfeld, 230 Birth, acquisition of nationality by, 375 neutralisation of, 70, 325, 575 of Venezuela, 74 Bombardments, convention concerning, 594 Bon, 96 Bornemann, 97 Bosnia and Herzegovina, international position of, 77, 233, 576 Bosphorus and Dardanelles, 247, 266, 267, 268, 321 Boundaries of State territory, 270-273 Boundary: Commissions, 272 mountains, 272 waters, 270 Boundary dispute: between Great Britain and Venezuela, 198, 242 Louisiana, 295 Oregon, 295 Boundary treaty: between Great Britain and the United States, 272 of Buenos Ayres (1881) between Argentina and Chili, 267, 564, 592 Bounties on sugar, Convention concerning, 515, 617 Brazil, international position of, 72, 312 Bristol Channel, 266 British seas, 317 Brooke, Sir James, Sovereign of Sarawak, 282 Brunus, 84 Brussels: Anti-Slavery Conference of, 368, 517, 560, 591 Convention concerning sugar, 515, 617 Bry, 95 Buenos Ayres, Boundary treaty of (1881), between Argentina and Chili, 267, 564, 592 Buffer States, 148 Bulgaria: a party to the Hague Peace Conferences, 534 international position of, 71, 183, 576 Bulletin des Douanes, 517 Bumboats in the North Sea, 338, 351 Bundesrath, the, 433, 516, 546 Bundesgericht, the, 417 Burlamaqui, 90 Burroughs, Sir John, 319 C Calhoun, 115 Callao, revolutionary outbreak at, 342 Campos, 97 Canals, 248-254 Cancale, bay of, 262 Cancellation of treaties on account of: subsequent change of status of a party, 579 their inconsistency with subsequent rules of International Law, 578 their violation by one of the parties, 579 war, 580 Canning, case of George, 532 Canning, case of Sir Stratford, 451 Canonists, 55 Canon Law, 8 Cape Breton Island, restitution of, to France, 566 Capture in maritime war, Convention concerning, 594 Carlowitz, Peace Treaty of, 63 Carnazza-Amari, 96 Carnot, assassination of, 418, 420 Caroline, case of the, 187, 501 Caroline Islands, sold by Spain to Germany, 288 Carthagena, rebel men-of-war at, 342 Casa Blanca incident, the, 502 Casanova, 96 Caspian Sea, 246 Castione, case of, 415 Castlereagh, Lord, 412 Casus foederis, 599 Cavour, Count, 426 Cellamare, case of Prince, 459 Celsus, 315 Central American Court of Justice, 525 Ceremonials, maritime. See Maritime ceremonials Certificate of registry, 331 Cession of territory, 285-291 acquisition of nationality through, 289, 377 Ceylon, pearl fishery off the coast of, 348 Chablais and Faucigny, 279, 286 Chalmers, 103 Chambers of Reunion (1680-1683), 62 Changes in the condition of States, 121-125 Channel: Bristol, 266 North, 266 St. George's, 266 Channel tunnel, proposed, 359 Chapelle, droit de, 467 ChargÉs d'Affaires, 445-481. See also Diplomatic envoys ChargÉs des Affaires, 445 Charkieh, case of the, 507 Charles I., 319 Charlton, case of Porter, 408 Charter-party, 332 China, international position of, 164 China and Japan, war between, 72 Cholera. See Sanitary Conventions Christiania, Treaty of, 75, 135 Christina, Queen of Sweden, 431 " Civilians, the, 55 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 251 Code of signals, International, 333 Codification of International Law, 35 Collective guarantee, treaties of, 601 Collision at sea, 334 Colonial States cannot be parties to international negotiation, 530 Colonies rank as territory of the motherland, 231 Commercial Code of Signals, 333, 334 Commissaries, 511 Commissions, International, 512-515 in the interest of: fisheries, 513 foreign creditors, 515 navigation, 513 sanitation, 515 sugar, 515 Common Consent, 16 Como, Lake of, 245 Composite International Persons, 132-140 Compromise clause, 583 Concert, European, 170 Concordat, 161 Conferences. See Congresses. Congo, river, 242 Congo Commission, the international, 242 Congo Conference of Berlin, 72, 368, 514, 537, 590, 605 Congo Free State: annexation of, 76 neutralisation of, 153 recognition of, 73 cannot be distinguished from Conferences, 533 conception of, 533 envoys representing states at, 443, 453 parties to, 534 permanent, suggested by Podiebrad, 58 procedure at, 535 reception of envoys at, 452 Conquest, 302. See alsoSubjugation Conseil sanitaire maritime et quarantenaire at Alexandria, 515 Conseil supÉrieur de santÉ at Constantinople, 515 Consolato del mare, 56 Constance, Lake of, 246 Constantinople: Conference of (1885-6), 71 Constitution, case of the, 507 Constitutional restrictions concerning the treaty-making power, 545 Constitutional system, 68 Consular Act, 484 Consular districts, 485 Consul-general, 486 Consular jurisdiction in non-Christian States, 497 Consular officers, 485 Consular service, British, 487 Consuls: appointment of, 487-490 consular organisation, 485 consules missi and electi, 485 consular districts, 485 different classes of, 486 general character of, 484 informal appointment of, 490 in non-Christian States, 497 in the fifteenth century, 483 no obligation to admit, 488 non-professional, 495 position and privileges of, 493-495 qualification of, 487 subordinate to diplomatic envoys, 487 termination of consular office, 496 the institution of, 482 Consuls Marchands, 482 Contiguity, right of, 295 Contraband, 335 Contract debts, recovery of, 192, 592 Conventio omnis intelligitur rebus sic stantibus, 573 Convention, 551: Anglo-French (1904), 278 concerning matters of international administration, 79 concerning the North Sea Fisheries, 349 concerning radiotelegraphy, 236, 355 for the protection of submarine cables, 354 Co-operation, 189 Copenhagen: Peace Treaty of, 63 Treaty (1857) abolishing Sound dues, 268 Copyright: Union concerning, 615 Acts concerning, 616 Corinth Canal, 248 Corps, diplomatic, 446 Corsica, pledged by Genoa to France, 233, 288 Costa Rica Packet, case of the, 217 Councillors of Legation, 472 Couriers, 472, 473, 475. See also Retinue of envoy Courland merged in Russia, 124, 287 Court of Arbitration. See Arbitration. Court of Justice, Central American, 525 Creasy, Sir Edward Shepherd, 94 Crete: international position of, 72, 144 possesses no right of legation, 441 Crews of men-of-war, their position when on land abroad, 508 Crime: against the Law of Nations, 209 extraditable, 408 political, 415 Crimean war, 68 CrucÉe, Émeric, 58 Cruchaga, 97 Cuba: intervention in, 190 Cuban debt, 132 Culte, droit du, 467 Cumberland, Duke of (1837), 433 Cussy, 102 Custom, as source of International Law, 16, 22, 23 Custom tariffs, Union for publication of, 616 office of the Union for publication of, 517 Customs Laws Consolidation Act, 608 Cutting, case of, 205 Cyprus, international position of, 233 D Danish fleet, case of, 186 Danube, navigation on the, 71, 242 Dardanelles, 247, 266, 267, 268, 321 Davis, 95 Death: of consul, 496 of diplomatic envoy, 480 De Bass, case of, 459 Debts to be taken over by the succeeding State, 131, 287 Declaration: of Brussels, 37 of London, 78, 343, 537, 538, 560, 585, 595 of Paris, 12, 68, 537, 569, 588 of St. Petersburg, 70, 537, 590 Declarations, 551 three kinds of, 536 De facto subjects, 372 De Jager v. Attorney-General for Natal, 394 Delagoa Bay, case of, 314 Delinquency, international, 209 DÉlits complexes, 415 Delta, 300 Delusion and error in parties to treaties, 547 Deniers of the Law of Nations, 89 Denmark, 186 her sovereignty over the Baltic, 316 Deposed monarchs, 432 Deprivation, loss of nationality through, 378 De Recuperatione Terre Sancte, 58 Derby, Lord, 601 Dereliction of territory, 313 Deserters not to be extradited, 409 Despatches, sealed, transmission through belligerents' lines, 471 Diena, 96 Dignity of States, 174-177 Diplomacy, 438 language of, 439 Diplomatic corps, 446 appointment of, 446-448 ceremonial and political, 443 death of, 480 dismissal through delivery of passports, 455, 478 exempt from criminal and civil jurisdiction, 458, 464 exempt from police regulations, 466 exempt from subpoena as witnesses, 465 exempt from taxes, &c., 467 exterritoriality of, 460 family of, 474 found on enemy territory by a belligerent, 471 functions of, 453 immunity of domicile of, 461 injurious acts of, 215 interference with affairs of third States by, 472 interference in internal politics by, not permitted, 455 inviolability of, 457-466 official papers of, 447, 458, 478, 480 persons and qualifications of, 446 position of, 455 privileges of, 456 promotion of, 478 recall of, 477 reception of, 449-452 refusal to receive certain individuals as, 450 retinue of, 472-475 request for, and delivery of, passports, 478 right of chapel of, 467 self-jurisdiction of, 468 servants of, 474 suspension of mission of, 476 termination of mission of, 476-481 travelling through third States, 469 Diplomatic usages, 439 Discovery, inchoate title of, 294 Discretion of States: to admit aliens, 391 to appoint envoys, 446 to conclude extradition treaties, 406 to expel aliens, 400 to protect their citizens abroad, 396 to receive and send envoys, 440 to recognise new heads of States, 426 Dissolution of treaties: in contradistinction to fulfilment, 570 through mutual consent, 571 through vital change of circumstances, 572 through withdrawal by notice, 571 Dogger Bank, case of the, 219 Domicile: of envoys abroad, 474 through naturalisation, 375, 379 Domin-PetrushÉvecz, 36 Doyen of the diplomatic corps, 446 Drago doctrine, 192 Droit: d'aubaine, 398 de chapelle, 467 de convenance, 184 d'enquÊte, 336 d'Étape, 278 de prÉsÉance, 172 de recousse, 347 de renvoi, 402 du culte, 467 Dubois, case of, 465 Dubois, Pierre, 58 Duke of Brunswick v. King of Hanover, 433 Duke of Cumberland, 433 Dum-dum bullets, 592 Dumont, 102 Dunkirk, fortification of, 183, 583 Duplessix, E., 37 E Eastern countries: Consuls in, 497 Protection of individuals in, 372, 395 Effect of treaties: how affected by changes in government, 562 upon the parties, 561 upon the subjects of the parties, 562 upon third States, 563 Effective occupation. See Occupation. Egypt, international position of, 142, 164, 498 international courts in, 498 possesses no right of legation, 441 Emigration, 373 loss of nationality through, 378 Emperor William Canal, 248 Enclosure, 230 Enemy goods covered by neutral flag, 588 EnquÊte, droit d', 336 Envoys extraordinary, 444, 445 Equilibrium, 80. See also Balance of power. Error and delusion in parties to treaties, 547 Estate duty, 398 Étape, droit d', 278 European Concert, 170 European Danube Commission, 513 Exchange, case of the, 507 Exchange of State territory, 287 Exequatur: requisite for consuls, 489, 493, 494, 496 revoked, 426 Exclusion of aliens in the discretion of every State, 391 Expiration, loss of nationality through, 378 Expiration of treaties: in contradistinction to fulfilment, 570 through expiration of time, 571 through resolutive condition, 571 Explosives, discharge of from balloons prohibited, 39 Expulsion of aliens: from Great Britain, 399 from Switzerland, 399 how effected, 402 in the discretion of every State, 400 just causes of, 400 Exterritoriality, 460 of a monarch's retinue abroad, 431 of consuls in non-Christian States, 497 of diplomatic envoys and the members of their suite, 460-469 of monarchs and the members of their suite, 430 of men-of-war in foreign waters, 506 of presidents of republics, 434 of the wife of a monarch, 430, 431 Extinction of States, 124 Extraditable crimes, 409 Extradition: conception of, 403 condition of, 409 effectuation of, 409 municipal laws concerning, 406 no obligation to grant, 404 of deserters, 409 of political criminals, 409, 411-422 treaties of, 392 treaties stipulating, how arisen, 404 F Family of Nations: conditions of membership of, 31, 166 definition of, 11 position of States in the, 165 FarÖe Island Fisheries, 353 Federal States, 136 as regards appointment of envoys by, 138, 441 as regards appointment of consuls by, 489 as regards conclusion of treaties by, 544 Female consuls, 488 Female diplomatic envoys, 446 Ferguson, 97 Fetiales, 51 Field, 36 Final Act of a Congress, 536 Finance Act (1894), 399 Fisheries: around the FarÖe Islands, 353 as servitudes, 278 in gulfs and bays, 265 in straits, 266 in the maritime belt, 258 in the North Sea, 316, 337, 349 in the Open Sea, 348-353 in the White Sea, 348 off the coast of Iceland, 348, 353 pearl, off Ceylon, 348 Fishery Commissions, 513 Fish in Africa, preservation of, 623 Fitzmaurice, Lord, 262 Flag: abuse of, on the part of vessels, 336 claims of States to maritime, 326 claims of vessels to sail under a certain, 329 commercial, 327 enemy goods covered by neutral, 588 special, for bumboats, 351 Foreign Jurisdiction Act (1890), 395, 498 Foreign Offices, 435 Foreigner. See Alien. Forerunners of Grotius, 83 Form of treaties, 550 France, as an International person, 122 Franchise de l'hÔtel, 461 du quartier, 461 Franconia, case of, 29 Frankfort: Peace Treaty of, 290, 291, 606 subjugation of, 304 Frederick III., Emperor of Germany, 316 Frederick William of Brandenburg, 464 Freedom of action necessary for consent to treaties, 547 French: Constitution, 412 Frische Haff, 263 Fugitive Offenders Act (1881), 406 Fulfilment of treaties, 570 Funck-Brentano, 95 Fundamental rights of States, 165 G Gabella emigrationis, 398 Gallatin, case of the coachman of Mr., 474 Gareis, 96 General Act of a Congress, 536 Geneva Convention, 70, 569, 589 Convention for its adaptation to Naval War, 594 Geneva, Lake of, 246 Genoa, her sovereignty over the Ligurian Sea, 316 Geodetic Association, International, 625 Germany, member-States of: competent to conclude treaties, 544 recognised as independent, 61, 66 Ghillany, 102 Gibraltar, 278 Gore, American Commissioner, 513 Grand cabotage, 607 Great Powers, 3 hegemony of, 168 Greece, independence of, 68 Greeks, their rules for international relations, 49 Gregoire, AbbÉ, 35 Grotians, the, 92 Grotius, Hugo, 4, 59, 85-88, 283, 318, 438 Guarantee as a means of securing the performance of treaties, 567 Guarantee of government or dynasty, 191 Guarantee, treaties of, 599 collective, 601 conception of, 599 effect of, 600 pseudo-guarantees, 602-604 GuÉbriant, Madame de, 447 Gulfs, 262 Gulistan, Treaty of, 246 Gurney, case of, 473 Gyllenburg, case of, 459 H Haggerty, case of, 489 Convention concerning conversion of merchant ships into war ships, 505 Convention (1882), concerning fisheries in the North Sea, 349 Convention concerning laws and usages of war, 552, 569, 586 Convention (1887), concerning Liquor Traffic on the North Sea, 351 Conventions (1907), 207, 213, 218, 538 International Court of Arbitration at the, 74, 274, 278, 518 First Peace Conference at the, 12, 37, 73, 534, 589, 591 Second Peace Conference at the, 12, 38, 77, 365, 534, 589, 592 Haiti, 32 cannot send or receive diplomatic envoys, 441 competent to conclude treaties, 544 may be parties to international congresses, 534 Hamilton, A., 115 Hanover: subjugation of, 304 Hanseatic League, 56 Havana, Treaty of, 181 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 251, 557, 559, 563, 592 Hay-Varilla Treaty, 252, 254, 564 competence of, 427 honours and privileges of, 428 injurious acts of, 214 objects of Law of Nations, 427 position of, 427 predicates of, 174 privileges of, 428 recognition of new, 425 usurping, 427 Health Office, International, 518 Henry IV. of France, 58 Herring Fishery (Scotland) Act, 264 Hertslet, 103 Herzegovina, international position of, 233, 576 Hesse-Cassel, subjugation of, 304 Hinterland, 297 Holland, Professor, 85 Holldack, 104 Holy Alliance, 66, 68, 196, 413, 544, 596 Holy Roman Empire, origin of doctrine of servitudes in the, 275 cannot be party to international negotiation, 161, 441 receives ambassadors of first class, 444 Hostages as a means of securing the performance of treaties, 566 Hostilities: convention relative to the opening of, 593 convention regarding enemy merchantmen, 593 Hovering Acts, 261 Huascar, the, 342 Hubertsburg, Peace treaty of, 64 Humanity, Unions in the interest of, 622, 623 Humbert of Italy, assassination of King, 418, 420 HÜningen, 279 Hutcheson, 90 Hydrographic investigation of the North Sea, 626 I Iceland, fisheries around, 348, 353 Illegal obligations, 550 Immoral obligations, 549 Immunity of domicile, 461, 474 Independence of States: consequences of, 178 definition of, 177 restrictions upon, 180 violations of, 179 Indian vassal States of Great Britain, 142 Indians, Red, 35 "Indigenousness," international, 367 Individuals: never subjects of International Law, 19, 362 objects of International Law, 366 In dubio mitius, 584 Industrial property, union for protection of, 616 office of, 517 Informing gun, the, 337 Inquiry, international commissions of, 512 Institute of International Law, the, 36 rÈglement concerning acts of insurgents, 224 rÈglement concerning consuls, 494 rÈglement concerning men-of-war in foreign ports, 508 rÈglement concerning utilisation of flow of rivers, 243 rules concerning aliens, 391, 401 rules concerning double and absent nationality, 390 rules concerning extradition, 410, 417 rules concerning immunities of diplomatic envoys, 450, 457 voeux concerning emigrants, 374 Instructions of diplomatic envoys, 448 Insurgents and rioters, 223 Insurgents recognised as a belligerent Power, 107, 119 do not possess the right of legation, 442 rÈglement of the Institute of International Law concerning acts of, 224 send public political agents, 509 Integrate territory, 230 Intercession, 189 Intercourse of States, 199-201, 328 International bureau of the International Court of Arbitration, 516, 519 International Code of Signals, 333 International Commission concerning sugar, 515 International Commission of the Congo, 514 International Commission of the proposed Channel Tunnel, memorandum respecting, 359 International Commissions, 512 in the interest of foreign creditors, 515 of Inquiry, 512 International Council of Sanitation at Bucharest, 515 International Court of Arbitration at the Hague: Awards of, 521 Bureau of, 519 deciding Tribunal of, 520 Permanent Council of, 518 International Court of Justice, proposed, 524 International Courts in Egypt, 498 International crimes, 209 International delinquencies, 209 International disputes, convention for the settlement of, 592 International Health Office, 518 International Jurists, schools of, 82, 89 basis of, 15 basis of international relations, 67 codification of, 35 definition of, 3 dominion of, 30 factors influencing the growth of, 24 legal force of, 4 periodicals relating to, 103, 104 relations between International Law and Municipal Law, 25 sources of, 20 States as subjects of, 19, 107 International Law Association, the, 37 International Maritime Committee, conference of (1910), 333, 339 International negotiation. See Negotiation. International offices: agriculture, 518 customs tariffs, 517 health, 518 industrial property, 517 maritime office at Zanzibar, 517 Pan-American Union, 517 post, 516 sugar, 517 telegraphs, 516 transports, 517 weights and measures, 516 works of literature and art, 516 International personality as a body of qualities, 166 definition of, 167 International persons, 107, 121, 125, 132, 154, 162 International Prize Court, 12, 522 convention concerning, 594 International Radiographic Convention, 236, 355 International Telegraph Union, 614 International transactions. See Transactions. Internoscia, Jerome, 37 Internuncios, 445 Interpretatio authentica, 583 Interpretation of treaties, 582-586 Intervention, 81, 188 admissibility in default of right, 193 by right, 189 concerning a treaty concluded by other States, 568 concerning extradited criminals, 410 definition of, 188 for maintaining the balance of power, 193 in the interest of humanity, 194 on behalf of citizens abroad, 396 Ionian Islands, international position of, 146, 286 Inviolability: of bearers of despatches, 512 of commissaries, 511 of consular buildings, 495 of consuls in non-Christian States, 497 of diplomatic envoys, 457-460 of members of international commissions, 514 of monarchs abroad, 429 of presidents of republics, 433, 434 of public political agents, 510 Irish Sea, 266 Isabella, Queen of Spain, 426, 432 Island, new-born, 301 Italy as a Great Power, 70, 171 her "Law of Guaranty" concerning the Pope, 158 J Jacquin, case of, 416 Jade Bay, 263 and Russia, war between, 74 conflict with United States concerning Japanese school children in California, 211 treaty of alliance with Great Britain, 565 text of the treaty of alliance, 596 Jassy, case of the, 507 Jay, John, 115 Jay Treaty, article concerning privileges of commissioners, 513 Jenkins, Sir Leoline, 89 Jenkinson, 103 Jews: not a subject of International Law, 108 sometime excluded from Gibraltar, 278 their rules for international relations, 46 their treatment in Roumania and Russia, 369, 387, 392 Johann Friederich, case of the, 339 Journal TÉlÉgraphique, 516 Juges Consuls, 482 exemption of envoys from, 458, 462-464 in actions for collision at sea, 334 in Straits, 266 of an Army of Occupation, 503 of monarchs abroad over their retinue, 430 of States over their citizens in Eastern countries, 395 over armed forces abroad, 501 over citizens abroad, 202 over crews of men-of-war when on land abroad, 508 over foreigners abroad, 204 over foreign vessels sailing under the flag of a State, 330 over monarchs as subjects, 433 over pirates, 345 within the maritime belt, 260 Jus: albinagii, 398 avocandi, 371 quarteriorum, 461 repraesentationis omnimodae, 427 sacrale, 51 sanguinis, 375 soli, 375 transitus innoxii, 470 K Kainardgi, Treaty of, 441 Kalkstein, case of Colonel von, 464 Kamptz, 103 Kara Sea, 266 Kara Straits, 266 Kardis, Peace Treaty of, 63 Karlstad, Treaty of, 75 Katschenowsky, 36 Kattegat, the, 267 Keiley, case of, 450 Kelmis, 232 Khedive of Egypt, 498 Kiauchau leased to Germany, 233, 288 King's Chamber, 263 Kohler, 104 Korea: extinction of treaties of, 128 merged in Japan, 287 Koszta, case of Martin, 388 Kurische Haff, 263 L Lado Enclave, leased to Congo Free State, 234 Laibach, Congress of, 67 Lakes, 245 Landlocked seas, 245 Language of diplomacy, 439 Law of Guaranty, the Italian, 158 Law of Nations. See International Law. Law of Nature, 86 Law-making treaties, 23, 541, 587-595 Lebanon, the, 357 Le Droit d'Auteur, 517 Legation: combined, 448 members of, 472-475 papers of the, 478 right of, 440 Legati a latere or de latere, 444 Leges Wisbuenses, 56 Legitimacy, doctrine of, 67 Legnano, 84 Leibnitz, 102 Letters: of credence, 447, 476, 477, 479, 509 of recall, 477 Lettre: de crÉance, 447 de provision, 477 de rÉcrÉance, 477 Liberia, 32 Lichtenstein, neither sends nor receives permanent diplomatic envoys, 449 Lieber, 36 Lincoln, assassination of, 418, 420 Liquor Traffic among North Sea Fishermen, Convention concerning, 351 Literature, Union for the protection of works of, 516, 615 Log-book, 331 Locke, John, 112 Lombardy, ceded in 1859 by Austria to France, 288 Lomonaco, 96 London: Convention of (1841), 268 Convention of (1884), 181 Convention of (1901), concerning fisheries, 353 Declaration of, 78, 343, 537, 538, 560, 585, 595 Declaration of, concerning Egypt and Morocco, 249 Naval Conference of, 38, 39, 43, 78, 595 Treaty (1831), 588 Treaty (1840), 555 Treaty (1867), 589 Treaty (1908-9), 38 Lorenzelli, 160 Lorraine, 291 Loss of territory, 311 Louis XI. of France, 111 Louisiana boundary dispute, 295 Louter, De, 97 L'Union Postale, 516 Luxemburg, neutralisation of, 152, 289, 590 Lymoon Pass, 266 M Macartney v. Garbutt, 450, 467 Mackintosh, Sir James, 412 McGregor, adventurer, 186 McLeod, case of, 501 Madagascar, annexed by France, 147, 539 Madison, J., 115 Magellan, Straits of, 267, 564 Maine, Sir Henry Sumner, 94 Maine, the river, 241 Mancini, 36 Manifest of cargo, 331 Mardyck, port of, 583 Mare clausum, 318 Mare liberum, 318 Marini, Antoine, 58 Marino, international position of San, 146 Maritime belt, 255-261 Maritime Conference: of London, 38, 39, 43, 78, 595 of Washington, 333 Maritime Conventions Bill, 333, 339 Maritime office at Zanzibar, 517 Marmora Sea, 321 Martens, Charles de, 92 Martens, G. F. von, 91, 102, 320 Mary, Queen, 317 Matzen, 97 Means of securing performance of treaties: 565 guarantee, 567 hostages, 566 oaths, 565 occupation of territory, 566 pledge, 566 Measures. See Weights and Measures. Mediterranean, maintenance of status quo in the, 603 Mehemet Ali, 555 Mendoza, Spanish Ambassador, 318 case of, 459 admittance to maritime belt, 260 admittance to gulfs, 265 admittance to straits, 267 excluded from the Bosphorus, 268 in foreign waters, 504 in revolt, 504 position in foreign waters, 235, 506 position of crew on land abroad, 508 proof of character, 505 powers over merchantmen, 335, 337 shipwrecked, 504 Merchantmen. See Merchant ships and Navigation. Merchant Shipping Act (1873), 333 Merchant Shipping Act (1894), 330, 331, 332, 333, 337 Merger of States, 124, 127, 372 MÉrignhac, 95 Metternich, Prince, 249 Metric system, Convention concerning, 619 Meunier, case of, 415 Meuse, the, 241 Mines: Convention concerning, 593 in the subsoil of the sea bed, 357 Ministers Plenipotentiary, 445 Miruss, 103 Mixed Commission of the Danube, 514 Mohl, 103 Moldavia, 441 Monaco, international position of, 146 Monaldeschi, case of, 431 Monarchs: acts of violence committed by foreign, 431 consideration due to, 429 deposed or abdicated, 432 exterritoriality of, 430 in the service of, or subjects of, foreign Powers, 432 residence of, 430 retinue of, abroad, 431 sovereignty of, 428 travelling incognito, 431 Monetary Conventions, 619 Monetary Conference, International, 619 Montagnini, case of, 160 Montenegro: independence of, 71; restricted, 183 restricted to a commercial flag only, 327 Monti, case of Marquis de, 472 Moors in Gibraltar, 278 Moray Firth, case of the, 264 Morocco: protection of natives by foreign Powers, 372 treaties of (1863 and 1880), 373 Mortensen v. Peters, case of, 264 Moselle, the river, 241 Moser, 91 Most-favoured-nation clause, 563, 585, 606, 610 Motor vehicles, circulation of, 615 Motor Car (International Circulation) Act, 615 Mulhouse merged in 1798 in France, 287 Municipal Law: in conflict with treaty obligations, 578 not identical with law in general, 9, 14 relations between International and Municipal Law, 25 respecting offences against foreign States, 222 Muscat Convention, 373 Muscat Dhows, case of the, 372 Muster Roll, 331 Mutinous crew, 343 N Narrow Seas: sovereignty of Great Britain over the, 266, 316 Nassau, subjugation of, 304 National. See Citizen. Nationality: conception of, 369 difficulties arising from double and absent nationalities, 388 function of, 370 loss of, 377 the link between individuals and International Law, 366 Natural boundaries, 270 Natural boundaries sensu politico, 273 Naturalisation Acts, British, 377, 381, 382, 383 Naturalisation in Great Britain, 382 Naturalisation: acquisition of nationality by, 375 conception of, 379 conditions of, 380 loss of nationality through, 378, 381 object of, 380 through grant on application, 376 Naturalists, the, 89 Naval Conference of London, 38, 39, 43, 78, 595 Naval war code of the United States, 38 Commissions in the interest of, 513 in gulfs and bays, 265 in straits, 266 on the Congo, 514 on the Danube, 513 supervised by consuls, 491 through the Straits of Magellan, 267 within and through the maritime belt, 259, 326 See also Open Sea. Navigation Act, 607 Neckar, river, 241 by whom conducted, 531 conception of, 529 end and effect of, 532 envoy's function of, 453 form of, 531 parties to, 529 purpose of, 530 Negro Republics, 32 Nemo plus juris transferre potest, quam ipse habet, 288 Nemo potest exuere patriam, 381 Ne quis invitus civitate mutetur, neve in civitate maneat invitus, 381 Netherlands, revolt of, 312 Neutralisation of the Black Sea, 575 Neutralised States, 147-154 as regards State servitudes, 278 cannot cede territory without consent of the Powers, 286 can be parties to defensive alliances, 597 Neutral Powers in Naval War, Convention concerning the rights and duties of, 594 Newfoundland fishery dispute, 278 New Hebrides, international position of, 232 Niemeyer, 103 Niger, river, 242 Nikitschenhow, case of, 463 Nillins, case of, 407 Non-Christian States, 154-156 Non-extradition: principle of, 411-422 rationale for, 418 Russian proposal concerning, 416, 421 North Atlantic coast fisheries, case of, 275, 276, 278 North Channel, 266 North Pole, 292 Convention for the regulation of, 349 North Sea: hydrographic and biologic investigation of, 626 maintenance of status quo in the, 603 Norway, international position of, 75 Notarial functions: of consuls, 492 of diplomatic envoys, 454 Notification: as an international transaction, 537 of a change in the headship of a State, 425 of occupation, 294 Nymeguen, Treaty of, 62 Nystaedt, Treaty of, 63 O Oath as a means of securing performance of treaties, 551, 565 Observation, envoy's function of, 454, 455 as a means of securing the performance of treaties, 566 conception of, 291 extent of, 295 how affected, 292 notification of, 294 object of, 292 Office central des transports internationaux, 517 Offices, international, 515-518 Official publications, 620 OlÉron, Laws of, 56 Oliva, Peace Treaty of, 63 Omnia rex imperio possidet, singuli dominio, 283 Ompteda, 103 ceremonials on, 326 claims to sovereignty over parts of, 316 collisions on, 333 conception of, 321 fisheries in the, 348-353 in time of war, 325 jurisdiction on, 329-339 legal order on, 324 navigation on, 326 neutralisation of parts, 325 piracy on, 339-348 powers of men-of-war over merchantmen on the, 335, 337 rationale for freedom of, 327 right of pursuit on, 336 shipwreck and distress on, 339 subsoil beneath the sea bed, 292, 357-361 telegraph cables in, 353-355 verification of flag on, 337 wireless telegraphy on the, 355-357 See also Vessel. Operation of nature as a mode of losing territory, 312 Oppenheim, Heinrich Bernard, 96 Oppenheim, L., 104 Option: loss of nationality through, 378 of inhabitants of ceded territory to retain their old citizenship, 290 Orange Free State, 304 Oregon Boundary dispute, 295 Ottoman law (1863), concerning protÉgÉs, 373 P Pacta sunt servanda, 573 Pacta tertiis nee nocent nec prosunt, 563 Pactum de contrahendo, 546 Paladini, case of Salvatore, 408 Panama: international position of the Republic, 182, 312 intervention in, 191 Pan-American Conferences, 72, 405, 517 Pando, 97 Panther, case of the, 219 Papal Nuncio. See Nuncio. Par in parem non habet imperium, 169, 430, 460 Paris: Convention for the protection of submarine telegraph cables, 354 Declaration of, 12, 68, 537, 569, 588 Peace Treaty of (1763), 64, 183, 314 Peace Treaty of (1856), 68, 190, 247, 268, 277, 325, 514, 549, 564, 575, 578 Peace Treaty of (1898), 72 Parkinson v. Potter, 467 Parlement Belge, case of the, 507 Parliaments, injurious attitude of, 216 Participation of third States in treaties: accession, 568 adhesion, 569 good offices and mediation, 568 intervention, 568 Parties to treaties, 543-548 Parts of treaties, 552 Passports: dismissal of diplomatic envoys through delivery of, 455 of courier, 475 of diplomatic envoy, 448 Passport of vessels, 331 Peace Conferences at the Hague. See Hague. Peace Treaty of: Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), 62 Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), 64, 183 Carlowitz, 63 Christiania, 75 Copenhagen, 63 Hubertsburg, 64 Kainardgi (1774), 441 Kardis, 63 Munster, 241 Nymeguen, 62 Nystaedt, 63 Oliva, 63 (1856), 68, 190, 247, 268, 277, 325, 514, 549, 564, 575, 578 (1898), 72 Prague (1866), 364 Pyrenees, 62 Rastadt and Baden, 63 Roeskild, 63 Ryswick, 63 Seoul, 75 Shimonoseki, 72 Westminster (1674), 319 Pearl fishery off Ceylon and in the Persian Gulf, 348 Peary, Admiral, 292 Pelagic Sealing Conference, 352 Persia, international position of, 164 Persian Gulf, pearl fishery in the, 348 Persona grata of diplomatic envoy, 451 Personal supremacy: consequences of, 178 definition of, 177 restrictions upon, 183 violations of, 179 Personal union of States, 133 Pertille, 96 Petit cabotage, 607 Pharmacopoeial formulas, unification of, 622 Philip II. of Spain, 316 Philippine Islands, 72 Phillimore, Sir Robert, 94, 99 Phosphorus. See White phosphorus. Phylloxera conventions, 618 Physically impossible obligations, 549 Pierantoni, 96 Pillau, alliance of, 551 Pinkney, American commissioner, 513 Pirata non mutat dominium, 346 Pirates: jurisdiction over, 345 may be pursued into the territorial maritime belt, 346 Plague. See Sanitary Conventions. Platen-Hallermund, case of Count, 306 Plebiscite concerning cession of territory, 289, 364 Pleins pouvoirs, 447 Podiebrad, 58 Poelitz, 96 Poland, 566 Polish revolution (1830), 413 Political agents: public, 509 secret, 510 spies, 510 Political crime, conception of, 414-421 Political criminals, non-extradition of, 411-422 Pollicitations, 546 Polson, Archer, 94 Pope, position of the, 70, 157-162. See also Holy See. Port Arthur leased to Russia, 233, 288 Porto Rico, 72 Portugal: her claims to parts of the Open Sea, 316 international position of, 77 passage of troops through territory of, 280 republic proclaimed in, 76 Position: of armed forces abroad, 501 of consuls, 493 of diplomatic envoys, 455 of diplomatic envoys as regards third States, 469 Postal Union, Universal, 516 Powers of men-of-war over merchantmen of all nations, 335, 337 Prague, Peace Treaty of (1866), 364 Precedence among envoys, 444 Predicates of heads of States, 174 Prescription, 308-311 Presidents of republics: not sovereigns, 433 position of, 434 Private International Law: conception of, 4 Hague Conventions concerning, 623, 624 Privateering abolished by Declaration of Paris, 69, 588 Privileges of: consuls, 494 couriers, 475 diplomatic envoys, 456 judges of the Prize Court, 522 members of legation, 473 members of the Tribunal of the Court of Arbitration, 521 Proconsul, 487 Projectiles, Convention concerning, 594 Protection, treaties of, 604 Protection: envoy's function of, 454 of citizens abroad, 371, 372, 396, 492 Protectorate, 144 Protectorate as precursor of occupation, 296 ProtÉgÉs, 371 Protest as an international transaction, 538 Protestant States, 449 Prussia becomes a Great Power, 64 Pseudo-guarantees, 602 Publications, official, 620 Public Health, international office of, 518, 621 Public political agents, 509 Punctationes, 546 Pursuit into the Open Sea, right of, 336 Pyrenees, Peace of the, 62 Q Quabbe, 604 Quidquid est in territorio est etiam de territorio, 178, 231 Qui in territorio meo est, etiam meus subditus est, 231 R Rachel, 90 Radiotelegraphy, 236 office of, 516 on the Open Sea, 355 Radiotelegraphic Convention, 355 Union, 614 Railway transports and freights, Union concerning, 614 Office of, 517 Rank of States, 171 Rastadt and Baden, Peace Treaty of, 63 Ratification of treaties: by whom effected, 558 conception of, 553 effect of, 561 form of, 557 not absolutely necessary, 554 not to be partial or conditional, 559 rationale for, 554 refusal of, 556 space of time for, 555 Rationale for the freedom of the Open Sea, 327 Real Union of States, 123, 131, 134 Rebus sic stantibus, clause of, 280, 573-574 Recall of diplomatic envoys, 477 Reception of diplomatic envoys, 449, 451, 452 Reception of aliens: may be received conditionally only, 392 no obligation to receive aliens, 390 Recognition: of a change in the form of government, 120 of a change in the title of a State, 121, 173 of a new head of a State, 425 of a State through appointment of consul, 489 of States, 116-121 of insurgents as a belligerent Power, 119 Reconduction of foreigners, 402 Reconfirmation of treaties, 581 Recousse, droit de, 347 Red Indians, 35 Redintegration, acquisition of nationality by, 376 Redintegration of treaties, 581 Regents, 432 Registration of Aliens, Act for the, 398 Reign of Terror, 412 Release, loss of nationality through, 378 Religious disabilities, 364, 368 in Roumania, 388 Renewal of treaties, 580 Renunciation as an international transaction, 539 Renunciation of a treaty, 571 Renvoi, droit de, 402 Reprisals, 396 Republics: American, 624 Italian, 438 Negro, 32 Rescission of treaties, 571 Res extra commercium, 323 Residents, 445 Responsales, 437 Responsibility of States, 206-225 for acts of courts of justice, 216 for acts of diplomatic envoys, 215 for acts of heads of States, 214 for acts of insurgents and rioters, 222 for acts of members of Governments, 215 for acts of officials and military forces, 218 for acts of Parliaments, 216 for acts of private individuals, 221 Res transit cum suo onere, 128, 288 of monarchs abroad, 430 Revenue Laws, 261 Revolt as a mode of losing territory, 312 Rhine, the river, 241 Rhodian laws, 56 Ricci-Busatti, 104 Right: of chapel, 467 of contiguity, 295 of legation, 440 of protection over citizens abroad, 395, 400 of pursuit on the sea, 336 Right of legation: by whom exercised, 442 conception, 440 not possessed by a revolutionary party recognised as a belligerent Power, 442 what States possess the, 441 Rights of mankind, 35, 367, 369 Rights of Nations, Declaration of, 35, 65 Rioters, rÈglement of the Institute of International Law concerning Acts of, 224 Ripperda, case of the Duke of, 461 Riquelme, 97 Rivers, 239 abandoned beds of, 302 international, 240 South American, 242 utilisation of the flow of, 243 See also Navigation. Roeskild, Peace Treaty of, 63 Rolin, 103 Roman Catholic Church, 8 Roman Law, 283 Romans, their rules for international relations, 50 Rome, Congress at, 613 Ross, case of Bishop, 443 Roumania: Convention of 1877 with Russia, 597 independence of, 71; restricted, 183 treatment of Jews in, 388 Rousseau, J. J., 113 Rousset, 102 Royal honours, States enjoying, 172 Russian Ambassador, case of, 457 Rutherford, 90 Rymer, 102 Ryswick, Peace Treaty of, 63 S SÀ, case of Don Pantaleon, 475 Saalfeld, 96 Sackville, case of Lord, 455 St. George's Channel, 266 St. Lawrence, navigation on the river, 243 St. Petersburg: Convention of, 614 Sale of State territory, 287 Salvage, 339 Samos, international position of, 144 San Domingo, 32 San Marino, international position of, 146 San Stefano, Peace Treaty of, 71, 549, 568 Sandona, 96 Sanitary laws, 261 Sanitation, International Council of, at Bucharest, 515 Santa Lucia, case of, 313 Sarawak, 282 Sarpi, Paolo, 319 Savarkar, case of, 410 Scheldt, the river, 241 Schmalz, 95 Schmauss, 102 SchnaebÉlÉ, case of, 511 Schools of International Jurists, 82, 89 Scientific Research, Unions in the interest of, 625, 626 Scott, James Brown, 104 Scott, Sir William, 98. See also Lord Stowell. Sea-brief, 331 Sea-letter, 331 Seal fisheries in the Behring Sea, 351, 623 Sealing Conference, pelagic, 352, 623 Secret political agents, 510 Secret protocol, 555 Secretaries of Legation, 472 Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 435 Seismologic Association, International, 625 Self-jurisdiction: of diplomatic envoys, 468 Self-preservation, 184-187 Semi-sovereign. See Half- and Part-Sovereign. Senigallia, 104 Seoul, Peace of, 75 Servia, independence of, 71 restricted, 183 Servitudes, 273-281 Servitus in faciendo consistere nequit, 279 Servitutes juris gentium naturales, 274 Servitutes juris gentium voluntariae, 274 Shenandoah, case of the, 343 Shimonoseki, Peace Treaty of, 72, 568 Ship. See Vessel. Shipwreck on the Open Sea, 339 Siam, international position of, 164 Slave-trade, 66, 348, 368, 588, 591, 622 Smith, F. E., 94 Solent, the, 266 Solferino, battle of, 544 Sorel, Albert, 95 Soudan, international position of, 232 SoulÉ, case of, 470 Sound dues, 267 Sources of International Law, 20 her alliance with the Orange Free State, 597 Sovereignty: divisibility of sovereignty contested, 110 history of meaning of sovereignty, 111-115 in contradistinction to suzerainty, 141 Sovereignty of monarchs, 428 Spheres of influence, 297 Spies, 510 Spirit-trade in certain parts of Africa, 591 Spitzbergen, 232 Sponsio, 545 Springer, case of, 461 State, conception of, 108 State property. See State territory. States: American, 163 a product of law, 14 changes in the conditions of, 121-125 confederated, 135 European, 162 extinction of, 124 full- and not-full Sovereign, 109 heads of. See Heads of States. independence of, 177 jurisdiction of, 201-205 neutralised, 147-154 new-born, 281 order of precedence of, 172 part-Sovereign, 141 personal supremacy of, 177 personal union of, 133 possessing royal honours, 172 rank of, 171 recognition of, 116-121 responsibility of, 206-225 self-preservation of, 184-187 territorial supremacy of, 177 titles of, 173 under protectorate, 144 vassal, 140 State servitudes, 273-281 cession of, 285 definition of, 229 different kinds of, 230 different parts of, 235 dismembered, 230 importance of, 231 inalienability of parts of, 238 integrate, 230 loss of, 311-314 modes of acquiring, 281-284 servitudes on, 273-281 States under protectorate cannot cede territory without consent of the superior State, 286 Status quo: in the Baltic, 604 in the Mediterranean, 603 treaties guaranteeing maintenance of, 602-604 Stettin, Bay of, 263 Stockton, Capt. C. H., 38 Stoerk, 103 Story, 137 Straits, 265 of Kara, 266 of Kertch, 267 of Magellan, 267 of Yugor, 266 Strupp, 102 Stuart Pretender, the, 278 Suarez, 84 Subject of a State, his position when a diplomatic envoy of a foreign State, 450 conception of, 302 consequences of, 305 in contradistinction to occupation, 303 justification of, 304 of the whole or of a part of enemy territory, 304 veto by third Powers, 307 acquisition of nationality through, 306, 377 Subsoil, territorial, 235 beneath the sea bed, 357 Substitution of one treaty for another, 571 Substitution, loss of nationality through, 378 Succession of States, 125-132 Sugar Convention, 617 Office of, 517 Sujets mixtes, 386 Sully, 58 Sully, case of, 468 Sun Yat Sen, case of, 464 Suzerainty, conception of, 141 Sweden, her sovereignty over the Baltic, 316 Sweden-Norway, Real Union dissolved, 135 Swiss Confederation reorganised, 61 Switzerland, neutralisation of, 66, 151, 588 member-States conclude treaties, 544 without a maritime flag, 327 T Tabula Amalfitana, 56 Telegraph cables: Convention for the protection of, 354 in the Open Sea, 353 Telegraph Union, Universal, 516 Telegraphy, wireless, on the Open Sea, 355 Terrae potestas finitur ubi finitur armorum vis, 257 Territorial atmosphere, 236 Territorial supremacy: consequences of, 178 definition of, 177 violations of, 179 contrasted with Open Sea, 321 Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, 29, 257, 260, 266 Territorium clausum, 230 Territorium dominans, 276 Territorium serviens, 276 Territory. See State Territory. Textor, 90 Tezkereh, 389 Thalweg, the, 271 Tibet, international position of, 164 Titles of States, 173 Thomasius, 90 Toll, maritime, 259 Tourkmantschai, Treaty of, 246 Tourville, case of, 407 Trading Consular Officers, 485 Tradition of ceded territory, 288 declarations, 536 different kinds of, 536 notifications, 537 protests, 538 renunciation, 539 Traffic on the Open Sea, 333 Transports, Central Office of International, 517 Transvaal. See South African Republic. Trawling in Prohibited Areas Prevention Act, 265 Treaties: accession and adhesion to, 568, 569 binding force of, 541, 545, 546 cancellation of, 578 commercial and consular, 488, 605-612 conception of, 540 constitutional restrictions concerning the treaty-making power, 545 different kinds of, 540 effect of, 561 expiration and dissolution of, 570-576 extradition, 412-422 form of, 550 fulfilment of, 570 interpretation of, 582 means of securing performance of, 565 objects of, 548 of alliance, 595 of cession, 290 of extradition, 404-406 of guarantee, 599 of protection, 604 of subsidy, 598 pactum de contrahendo, 546 participation of third States in, 567 parts of, 552 pseudo-guarantees, 602 punctationes, 546 ratification of, 553-561 reconfirmation of, 581 redintegration of, 581 regarding spheres of influence, 297 renewal of, 580 sources of International Law, 23 voidance of, 576 who can exercise the power of making, 543 Triepel, 102 Troppau, Congress of, 67 Tucker, 95 Tunis, international position of, 147, 164 Tunnel, proposed Channel, 359 Turkey, reception into the Family of Nations through Peace Treaty of Paris (1856), 32, 69 U Ulpianus, 315 Unions concerning: Agriculture, 617 birds useful to agriculture, 618 Cholera and plague, 620 Coinage, 619 Copyright, 615 Customs tariffs publication, 616 Geodetic work, 625 Humanity, 622 Hydrographic work, 626 Industrial property, 616 Literature and Art, 615 Metric system, the, 619 Motor Vehicles, 615 Night work of women, 618 Official publications, 620 Pelagic Sealing, 623 Pharmacopoeial formulas, 622, 623 Phylloxera epidemics, 618 Post, 613 Private International Law, 623 Public health, 621 Radiotelegraphy, 614 Railway transport, 614 Sanitation, 620 Science, 625 Seismology, 625 Submarine cables, 614 Sugar, 617 Telegraphs, 614 Transport, 614 Wild animals in Africa, 623 Unions, object of, 612 United States of America: become a Great Power, 70, 171, 312 become a member of Family of Nations, 64 intervene in the revolt of Cuba, 72 member-States cannot conclude treaties, 544 naval war code of, 38 Universal Postal Union, 613 Universal Telegraph Union, 614 Usage, international, in contradistinction to international custom, 22 Usurper, 427 V Vaderland, case of the, 357 Vassal States, 140 cannot be parties to offensive alliances, 142, 597 cannot cede territory without consent of suzerain, 286 competent to appoint consuls, 488 competent to make treaties, 544 competent to send public political agents, 509 of Great Britain, Indian, 142 Venezuela, blockade of (1902), 74 Venice: ceded by Austria to France, 287 her sovereignty over the Adriatic Sea, 316 Verdun, Treaty of, 54 Verification of flag, 335 Verona, Congress of, 67 arrest of, 338 collision of, 333 papers of, 331 search of, 338 territorial quality of, when on the Open Sea, 332 visit of, 337 See also Men-of-War. Veto concerning a cession of territory, 289 concerning subjugation, 307 Vexaincourt, case of, 219 Vice-consul, 486 Victor Emanuel, King of Italy, 426 Victoria, 84 (1815), 241, 280, 444, 587, 588 Vienna, Treaty of (1878), 364 Villafranca, Preliminary Peace Treaty of, 544 Virginius, case of the, 187 Visit of vessels, 337 Vital change of circumstances, 573 Voidance of treaties: through extinction of object concerned, 577 through extinction of one of the parties, 576 through impossibility of execution, 577 through realisation of purpose, 577 VÖlkerrechts-Indigenat, 367 W Waddington, case of, 475 Walker, Thomas Alfred, 94, 100 Wallachia, 441 War, Convention concerning Laws of, 593 Convention concerning rights and duties of neutrals in, 593 Laws of (U.S.A.), 36 Laws of (U.S.A.) at sea, 38 Warsaw, non-admittance of consuls to, 488 Washburne, case of, 471 Washington: Boundary Treaty of (1908), 272, 513 Congress of (1890), 304 Maritime Conference of (1889), 333 Pelagic Fishing Conference of, 352 Treaties (1854) and (1871), concerning navigation on the river St. Lawrence, 243 Treaty (1857) concerning the Sound Dues, 268 Treaty (1901) concerning the Panama Canal, 251 Treaty (1904), 182 Waters, territorial. See Territorial waters. Webster, Mr., U.S.A., Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 502 Office of the Union of, 516 Wei-Hai-Wei leased to Great Britain, 233, 288 Welwood, William, 318 Wenck, 102 Westminster, Treaty of (1674), 319 Westphalian Peace, 61, 151, 435, 587 White Phosphorus, Convention for the prohibition of the use of, 618 White Phosphorus Matches Prohibition Act, 618 White Sea fisheries, 348 White slave traffic, 623 Wild animals, &c., in Africa, preservation of, 623 Wildman, Richard, 94 William of Holland, case of King, 432 Wireless telegraphy, 236 on the Open Sea, 355 Wisby, the maritime laws of, 56 Wismar, pledged by Sweden to Mecklenburg, 233, 288 Wolff, Christian, 92 Women. See Night-work of women. Wrech, case of Baron de, 465 Z Zanzibar, international position of, 147 Zone for revenue and sanitary laws extended beyond the maritime belt, 261 Zouche, 88 Zuider Zee, 263 END OF VOL. I. Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co. |
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