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| Introduction | 1 |
| CHAPTER I. |
| The Transition from Roman to MediÆval forms in War (A.D. 378–582). |
| Disappearance of the Legion.?--?Constantine’s reorganization.?--?The German tribes.?--?Battle of Adrianople.?--?Theodosius accepts its teaching.?--?Vegetius and the army at the end of the fourth century.?--?The Goths and the Huns.?--?Army of the Eastern Empire.?--?Cavalry all-important | 3–14 |
| CHAPTER II. |
| The Early Middle Ages (A.D. 476–1066). |
| Paucity of Data for the period.?--?The Franks in the sixth century.?--?Battle of Tours.?--?Armies of Charles the Great.?--?The Franks become horsemen.?--?The Northman and the Magyar.?--?Rise of Feudalism.?--?The Anglo-Saxons and their wars.?--?The Danes and the Fyrd.?--?Military importance of the Thegnhood.?--?The House-Carles.?--?Battle of Hastings.?--?Battle of Durazzo | 15–27 |
| CHAPTER III. |
| The Byzantines and their Enemies (A.D. 582–1071). |
| § 1. Character of Byzantine Strategy. |
| Excellence of the Byzantine Army.?--?Scientific study of the art of war.?--?Leo’s ‘Tactica.’?--?Wars with the Frank.?--?With the Turk.?--?With the Slav.?--?With the Saracen.?--?Border warfare of Christendom and Islam.?--?Defence of the Anatolic Themes.?--?Cavalry as a defensive force.?--?Professional and unchivalrous character of Byzantine officers | 28–38 |
| § 2. Arms, Organization, and Tactics of the Byzantines. |
| Reorganization of the Army of the Eastern Empire by Maurice.?--?Its composition.?--?Armament of the Horseman, A.D. 600–1000.?--?Armament of the Infantry.?--?Military Train and Engineers.?--?The Officers.?--?Cavalry tactics.?--?Leo’s ideal line of battle.?--?Military Machines and their importance | 38–48 |
| CHAPTER IV. |
| The Supremacy of Feudal Cavalry (A.D. 1066–1346). |
| Unscientific nature of feudal warfare.?--?Consequences of headlong charges.?--?Tactical arrangements.?--?Their primitive nature.?--?Non-existence of strategy.?--?Weakness of Infantry.?--?Attempts to introduce discipline.?--?Rise of Mercenaries.?--?Supreme importance of fortified places.?--?Ascendency of the defensive.?--?The MediÆval siege.?--?Improvement of the Arts of Attack and Defence of fortified places.?--?General character of Campaigns.?--?The Crusades | 49–61 |
| CHAPTER V. |
| The Swiss (A.D. 1315–1515). |
| § 1. Their Character, Arms, and Organization. |
| The Swiss and the Ancient Romans.?--?Excellence of system more important than excellence of generals.?--?The column of pikemen.?--?The halberdier.?--?Rapidity of the movements of the Swiss.?--?Defensive armour.?--?Character of Swiss armies | 62–69 |
| § 2. Tactics and Strategy. |
| The ‘Captains’ of the Confederates.?--?The Echelon of three columns.?--?The ‘Wedge’ and the ‘Hedgehog’ formations | 70–73 |
| § 3. Development of Swiss Military Supremacy. |
| Battle of Morgarten.?--?Battle of Laupen.?--?Battle of Sempach.?--?Battle of Arbedo.?--?Moral ascendency of the Swiss.?--?Battle of Granson.?--?Battle of Morat.?--?Wars of the last years of the fifteenth century | 73–87 |
| § 4. Causes of the Decline of Swiss Ascendency. |
| The tactics of the Swiss become stereotyped.?--?The Landsknechts and their rivalry with the Swiss.?--?The Spanish Infantry and the short sword.?--?Battle of Ravenna.?--?Fortified Positions.?--?Battle of Bicocca.?--?Increased use of Artillery.?--?Battle of Marignano.?--?Decay of discipline in the Swiss Armies and its consequences | 87–95 |
| CHAPTER VI. |
| The English and their Enemies (A.D. 1272–1485). |
| The Long-bow and its origin, Welsh rather than Norman.?--?Its rivalry with the Cross-bow.?--?Edward I and the Battle of Falkirk.?--?The bow and the pike.?--?Battle of Bannockburn and its lessons.?--?The French Knighthood and the English Archery.?--?Battle of Cressy.?--?Battle of Poictiers.?--?Du Guesclin and the English reverses.?--?Battle of Agincourt.?--?The French wars, 1
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