APPENDICES I

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GODOY’S PROCLAMATION OF OCT. 5, 1806

ESPAÑOLES!

En circunstancias menos arriesgadas que las presentes han procurado los vasallos leales auxiliar Á sus soberanos con dones y recursos anticipados Á las necesidades; pero en esta prevision tiene el mejor lugar la generosa accion de sÚbdito hÁcia su seÑor. El reino de AndalucÍa privilegiado por la naturaleza en la produccion de caballos de guerra ligeros; la provincia de Extremadura que tantos servicios de esta clase hizo al seÑor Felipe V. ¿verÁn con paciencia que la caballerÍa del rey de EspaÑa estÉ reducida É incompleta por falta de caballos? No, no lo creo; antes sÍ espero que del mismo modo que los abuelos gloriosos de la generacion presente sirvieron al abuelo de nuestro rey con hombres y caballos, asistan ahora los nietos de nuestro suelo con regimientos Ó compaÑÍas de hombres diestros en el manejo del caballo, para que sirvan y defiendan À su patria todo el tiempo que duren las urgencias actuales, volviendo despues llenos de gloria y con mejor suerte al descanso entre su familia. Entonces sÍ que cada cual se disputarÁ los laureles de la victoria; cual dirÁ deberse Á su brazo la salvacion de su familia; cual la de su gefe; cual la de su pariente Ó amigo, y todos Á una tendrÁn razon para atribuirse Á sÍ mismos la salvacion de la patria. Venid pues, amados compatriotas, venid Á jurar bajo las banderas del mas benÉfico de los soberanos: venid y yo os cubrirÉ con el manto de la gratitud, cumpliÉndoos cuanto desde ahora os ofrezco, si el Dios de las victorias nos concede una paz tan feliz y duradera cual le rogamos. No, no os detendrÁ el temor, no la perfidia: vuestros pechos no abrigan tales vicios, ni dan lugar Á la torpe seduccion. Venid pues y si las cosas llegasen Á punto de no enlazarse las armas con las de nuestros enemigos, no incurrirÉis en la nota de sospechosos, ni os tildarÉis con un dictado impropio de vuestra lealtad y pundonor por haber sido omisos Á mi llamamiento.

Pero si mi voz no alcanzase Á despertar vuestros anhelos de gloria, sea la de vuestros inmediatos tutores Ó padres del pueblo Á quienes me dirijo, la que os haga entender lo que debeis Á vuestra obligacion, Á vuestro honor, y Á la sagrada religion que profesais.

El prÍncipe de la Paz.

San Ildefonso, 5 de octubre de 1806.


II

THE TREATY OF FONTAINEBLEAU

TRAITÉ SECRET ENTRE S.M.I. NAPOLÉON, EMPEREUR DES FRANÇAIS, ROI D’ITALIE, ETC., ET SA MAJESTÉ CATHOLIQUE CHARLES IV, ROI D’ESPAGNE, ETC.

Art. 1er. La province entre MinhÔ et Duero, la ville d’Oporto y comprise, sera donnÉe en toute propriÉtÉ et souverainetÉ À S. M. le roi d’Etrurie, avec le titre de roi de la Lusitanie septentrionale.

2. La province d’AlentÉjo, et le royaume des Algarves, seront donnÉs en toute propriÉtÉ et souverainetÉ au prince de la Paix, dont il jouira avec le titre de prince des Algarves.

3. Les provinces de Beira, Tras-los-Montes et de l’Estramadure portugaise, resteront en dÉpÔt jusqu’À la paix gÉnÉrale, et alors on disposera d’elles selon les circonstances, et conformÉment À ce qui sera convenu entre les deux hautes parties contractantes.

4. Le royaume de la Lusitanie septentrionale sera possÉdÉ par les descendans de S. M. le roi d’Etrurie, hÉrÉditairement et suivant les lois de succession qui sont en usage dans la famille rÉgnante de S. M. le roi d’Espagne.

5. La principautÉ des Algarves sera possÉdÉe par les descendans du prince de la Paix, hÉrÉditairement et d’aprÈs les lois de succession qui sont en usage dans la famille rÉgnante de S. M. le roi d’Espagne.

6. A dÉfaut de descendans ou hÉritiers lÉgitimes du roi de la Lusitanie septentrionale ou du prince des Algarves, ces pays seront donnÉs moyennant l’investiture par S. M. le roi d’Espagne, pourvu qu’ils ne puissent jamais Être rÉunis sous une seule personne, ni À la couronne d’Espagne.

7. Le royaume de la Lusitanie septentrionale, et la principautÉ des Algarves, reconnaÎtront comme protecteur S. M. le roi d’Espagne, et les souverains de ces pays ne pourront jamais faire la paix ni la guerre sans le consentement du roi catholique.

8. Si les provinces de Beira, de Tras-los-Montes et de l’Estramadure portugaise, restant en dÉpÔt, Étaient rendues au tems de la paix gÉnÉrale À la maison de Bragance, en Échange de Gibraltar, la TrinitÉ, et d’autres colonies que les Anglais ont conquises sur l’Espagne et ses alliÉs, le nouveau souverain de ces provinces aurait À l’Égard de S. M. C. le roi d’Espagne les mÊmes soumissions que le roi de la Lusitanie septentrionale, et le prince des Algarves, et il possÉdera sous les mÊmes conditions.

9. S. M. le roi d’Etrurie cÈde en toute propriÉtÉ et souverainetÉ le royaume d’Etrurie À S. M. l’empereur des FranÇais, roi d’Italie.

10. Quand l’occupation dÉfinitive des provinces du Portugal sera effectuÉe, les diffÉrens princes qui doivent les possÉder nommeront d’accord les commissaires pour fixer les limites naturelles.

11. S. M. l’empereur des FranÇais, roi d’Italie, garantit À S. M. C. le roi d’Espagne la possession de ses États du continent d’Europe, situÉs au midi des PyrÉnÉes.

12. S. M. l’empereur des FranÇais, roi d’Italie, s’oblige À reconnaÎtre S. M. C. le roi d’Espagne comme empereur des deux AmÉriques quand tout sera prÊt, afin que S. M. puisse prendre ce titre, ce qui pourra arriver au tems de la paix gÉnÉrale, ou le plus tard, d’ici À trois ans.

13. Les hautes puissances contractantes accorderont les moyens de faire À l’amiable une division Égale des Îles, colonies et autres propriÉtÉs d’outre-mer du Portugal.

14. Le prÉsent traitÉ restera secret, il sera ratifiÉ, et les ratifications seront ÉchangÉes À Madrid dans vingt jours.

Fait À Fontainebleau, le 27 octobre 1807.

Duroc.
Eugenio Izquierdo.

CONVENTION SECRÈTE.

Art. 1er. Un corps de troupes impÉriales franÇaises, de vingt-cinq mille hommes d’infanterie et de trois de cavalerie, entrera en Espagne, il fera sa jonction avec un corps de troupes espagnoles, composÉ de huit mille hommes d’infanterie, trois mille de cavalerie, et trente piÈces d’artillerie.

2. Au mÊme tems, une division de troupes espagnoles de dix mille hommes prendra possession de la province d’entre MinhÔ et Duero, et de la ville d’Oporto, et une autre division de six mille hommes, composÉe pareillement de troupes espagnoles, prendra possession de l’AlentÉjo et du royaume des Algarves.

3. Les troupes franÇaises seront nourries et entretenues par l’Espagne, et leur solde payÉe par la France pendant tout le temps de leur passage en Espagne.

4. Depuis le moment oÙ les troupes combinÉes seront entrÉes en Portugal, les provinces de Beira, Tras-los-Montes et l’Estramadure portugaise (qui doivent rester en dÉpÔt), seront administrÉes et gouvernÉes par le gÉnÉral commandant des troupes franÇaises, et les contributions qui leur seront imposÉes seront au profit de la France. Les provinces qui doivent composer le royaume de la Lusitanie septentrionale et la principautÉ des Algarves seront administrÉes et gouvernÉes par les gÉnÉraux commandant les divisions espagnoles qui en prendront possession, et les contributions qui leur seront imposÉes resteront au bÉnÉfice de l’Espagne.

5. Le corps du centre sera sous les ordres du commandant des troupes franÇaises, aussi bien que les troupes espagnoles qui lui seront rÉunies. Cependant, si le roi d’Espagne ou le prince de la Paix trouvaient convenable et jugeaient À propos de s’y rendre, le gÉnÉral commandant des troupes franÇaises et elles-mÊmes seront soumises aux ordres du roi d’Espagne ou du prince de la Paix.

6. Un autre corps de quarante mille hommes de troupes franÇaises sera rÉuni À Bayonne le 20 novembre prochain ou avant ce temps-lÀ, et il devra Être prÊt À marcher sur le Portugal, en passant par l’Espagne, si les Anglais envoient des renforts et menacent d’attaquer le premier. Cependant, ce nouveau corps de troupes n’entrera que quand les deux hautes parties contractantes se seront mises d’accord pour cet effet.

7. La prÉsente convention sera ratifiÉe, et l’Échange des ratifications sera faite au mÊme temps que le traitÉ d’aujourd’hui.

Fait À Fontainebleau, le 27 octobre 1807.

Duroc.
Eugenio Izquierdo.


III

PAPERS RELATING TO THE ‘AFFAIR OF THE ESCURIAL’

LETTER OF CHARLES IV TO NAPOLEON.

Monsieur mon frÈre,

Dans le moment oÙ je ne m’occupais que des moyens de coopÉrer À la destruction de notre ennemi commun; quand je croyais que tous les complots de la ci-devant reine de Naples avaient ÉtÉ ensevelis avec sa fille, je vois avec une horreur qui me fait frÉmir, que l’esprit d’intrigue le plus horrible a pÉnÉtrÉ jusque dans le sein de mon palais. HÉlas! mon coeur saigne en faisant le rÉcit d’un attentat si affreux! mon fils aÎnÉ, l’hÉritier prÉsomptif de mon trÔne, avait formÉ le complot horrible de me dÉtrÔner; il s’Était portÉ jusqu’À l’excÈs d’attenter contre la vie de sa mÈre! Un attentat si affreux doit Être puni avec la rigueur la plus exemplaire des lois. La loi qui l’appelait À la succession doit Être rÉvoquÉe: un de ses frÈres sera plus digne de le remplacer et dans mon coeur et sur le trÔne. Je suis dans ce moment À la recherche de ses complices pour approfondir ce plan de la plus noire scÉlÉratesse; et je ne veux perdre un seul moment pour en instruire V. M. I. et R., en la priant de m’aider de ses lumiÈres et de ses conseils.

Sur quoi je prie Dieu, mon bon frÈre, qu’il daigne avoir V. M. I. et R. en sa sainte et digne garde.

Charles.

A St.-Laurent, ce 29 octobre 1807.

LETTER OF PRINCE FERDINAND TO CHARLES IV.

SeÑor:

PapÁ mio: he delinquido, he faltado Á V. M. como rey y como padre; pero me arrepiento, y ofrezco Á V. M. la obediencia mas humilde. Nada debia hacer sin noticia de V. M.; pero fui sorprendido. He delatado Á los culpables, y pido Á V. M. me perdone por haberle mentido la otra noche, permitiendo besar sus reales pies Á su reconocido hijo.

Fernando.

San Lorenzo, 5 de noviembre de 1807.

PROCLAMATION OF CHARLES IV, PARDONING THE PRINCE.

REAL DECRETO.

La voz de la naturaleza desarma el brazo de la venganza, y cuando la inadvertencia reclama la piedad, no puede negarse Á ello un padre amoroso. Mi hijo ha declarado ya los autores del plan horrible que le habian hecho concebir unos malvados: todo lo ha manifestado en forma de derecho, y todo consta con la escrupulosidad que exige la ley en tales pruebas: su arrepentimiento y asombro le han dictado las representaciones que me ha dirigido.

En vista de ellos y Á ruego de la reina mi amada esposa perdono Á mi hijo, y le volverÉ Á mi gracia cuando con su conducta me dÉ pruebas de una verdadera reforma en su frÁgil manejo; y mando que los mismos jueces que han entendido en la causa desde su principio la sigan, permitiÉndoles asociados si los necesitaren, y que concluida me consulten la sentencia ajustada Á la ley, segun fuesen la gravedad de delitos y calidad de personas en quienes recaigan; teniendo por principio para la formacion de cargos las respuestas dadas por el prÍncipe Á las demandas que se le han hecho; pues todas estan rubricadas y firmadas de mi puÑo, asi como los papeles aprehendidos en sus mesas, escritos por su mano; y esta providencia se comunique Á mis consejos y tribunales, circulÁndola Á mis pueblos, para que reconozcan en ella mi piedad y justicia, y alivien la afliccion y cuidado en que les puso mi primer decreto; pues en Él verÁn el riesgo de su soberano y padre que como Á hijos los ama, y asi me corresponden. Tendreislo entendido para su cumplimiento.

San Lorenzo, 5 de noviembre de 1807.

Yo el rey.


ABDICATION OF CHARLESIV

Como los achaques de que adolezco no me permiten soportar por mas tiempo el grave peso del gobierno de mis reinos, y me sea preciso para reparar mi salud gozar en un clima mas templado de la tranquilidad de la vida privada, he determinado despues de la mas seria deliberacion abdicar mi corona en mi heredero y mi muy caro hijo el prÍncipe de Asturias. Por tanto es mi real voluntad que sea reconocido y obedecido como rey y seÑor natural de todos mis reinos y dominios. Y para que este mi real decreto de libre y espontÁnea abdicacion tenga su Éxito y debido cumplimiento, lo comunicareis al consejo y demas Á quien corresponda.

Dado en Aranjuez, Á 19 de marzo de 1808.

Yo el rey.

A Don Pedro Cevallos.


THE SPANISH ARMY IN 1808

[Mainly from the table in Arteche, vol. i, Appendix 9.]

N.B.—The numbers are taken from returns made on various days between March and June, 1808. They include only rank and file. The officers should have been ninety-eight to a regiment of guards, seventy to a line regiment, forty-one to a light battalion, thirty-four to a militia battalion, forty-two to a cavalry regiment. But most corps were under strength in officers, no less than in men, in June, 1808, and Arteche, giving every regiment of infantry a complete staff of officers, is clearly over-estimating them. He gives e.g. 2,450 officers of line infantry, the possible maximum, while the Estado Militar for 1808 gives only 1,521 present; so with the militia he gives 1,887 officers, while apparently there were only 1,230 actually existing. It would seem that his gross total of 7,222 officers ought to be cut down to 5,911. For the rank and file we get:—

ROYAL GUARD.

Cavalry.
Numbers. Quartered in
Life Guards 615 } Old Castile and Madrid.
Royal Carabineers 540
Total 1,155
Infantry.
Numbers. Quartered in
Halberdiers
(one compy.)
152 } Madrid.
Spanish Guards
(three batts.)
3,294 } 1, 2 Barcelona.
3 New Castile.
Walloon Guards
(three batts.)
2,583 } 1 Madrid.
2 Barcelona.
3 Portugal.
Total 6,029

INFANTRY OF THE LINE.

N.B.—Each regiment had three battalions of four companies, and should have numbered 2,186 bayonets.

Numbers. Quartered in
Africa 898 { 1, 3 Andalusia.
2 S. Sebastian.
America 808 { 1 New Castile.
2, 3 Valencia.
Aragon 1,294 Galicia.
Asturias 2,103 Denmark.
Borbon 1,544 Balearic Isles.
Burgos 1,264 Andalusia.
Cantabria 1,024 Ceuta (Africa).
Ceuta 1,235 Ceuta (Africa).
Cordova 793 Andalusia.
Corona 902 Andalusia.
EspaÑa 1,039 Ceuta (Africa).
Estremadura 770 Catalonia.
Granada 1,113 Balearic Isles.
Guadalajara 2,069 Denmark.
Jaen 1,755 { 1, 2 Andalusia.
3 Ceuta (Africa).
Leon 1,195 Galicia.
Majorca 1,749 { 1, 2 Portugal.
3 Estremadura.
Malaga 854 Andalusia.
Murcia 1,762 { 1, 2 Portugal.
3 Andalusia.
Navarre 822 Galicia.
Ordenes
Militares
708 { 1 Estremadura.
2, 3 Andalusia.
Princesa 1,969 Denmark.
Principe 1,267 Galicia.
Reina 1,530 Andalusia.
Rey 1,353 { 1 S. Sebastian.
2 Portugal.
3 Galicia.
Saragossa 1,561 { 1, 2 Portugal.
3 Andalusia.
Savoia 936 Valencia.
Seville 1,168 Galicia.
Soria 1,311 Balearic Isles.
Toledo 1,058 { 1, 2 Galicia.
3 Portugal.
Valencia 923 Murcia.
Volunteers
of Castile
1,487 Murcia.
Voluntarios
de la Corona
1,296 { 1 Portugal.
2, 3 Galicia.
Voluntarios
del Estado
742 Madrid.
Zamora 2,096 Denmark.
Total 44,398

LIGHT INFANTRY.

N.B.—The regiment had only a single battalion of six companies. It should have numbered 1,200 bayonets.

Numbers. Quartered in
1st of Aragon 1,305 { Madrid and
Saragossa.
2nd of Aragon 1,225 Balearic Isles.
Barbastro 1,061 { ½ Andalusia.
½ Portugal.
1st of Barcelona 1,266 Denmark.
2nd of Barcelona 1,300 Balearic Isles.
Campo Mayor 1,153 { ½ Portugal.
½ Andalusia.
1st of Catalonia 1,164 Denmark.
2nd of Catalonia 685 Galicia.
Gerona 1,149 { ½ Portugal.
½ Andalusia.
Tarragona 1,142 { ½ Pampeluna.
½ Estremadura.
Volunteers
of Navarre
963 { ½ Portugal.
½ Galicia.
Volunteers
of Valencia
1,242 { ½ Portugal.
½ Andalusia.
Total 13,655

FOREIGN INFANTRY.

N.B.—The Swiss Regiments had two battalions, the others three.

Numbers. Quartered in
Irish.
Irlanda 513 { 1 Estremadura.
2, 3 Andalusia.
Hibernia 852 { 1 Asturias.
2, 3 Galicia.
Italian.
Naples 288 Galicia.
Swiss.
1. Wimpfen 2,079 Catalonia.
2. Reding Senior 1,573 New Castile.
3. Reding Junior 1,809 Andalusia.
4. Beschard 2,051 Balearic Isles.
5. Traxler 1,757 Murcia.
6. Preux 1,708 Madrid.
Total 12,981

MILITIA.

N.B.—The four grenadier regiments had two battalions each, and should have been 1,600 strong; the rest one battalion, 600 strong.

Numbers. Quartered in
Prov. Gren. of
Old Castile 1,605 Portugal.
New Castile 1,430 Portugal.
Andalusia 1,413 Andalusia.
Galicia 1,377 { 1 Galicia.
2 Portugal.
Alcazar 595 Andalusia.
Avila 574 Valencia.
Badajoz 589 Andalusia.
Betanzos 599 Galicia.
Burgos 577 Andalusia.
Bujalance 594 Andalusia.
Chinchilla 577 Andalusia.
Ciudad Real 575 Andalusia.
Ciudad Rodrigo 585 Andalusia.
Compostella 599 Galicia.
Cordova 584 Andalusia.
Cuenca 596 Andalusia.
Ecija 589 Andalusia.
Granada 553 Andalusia.
Guadix 588 Andalusia.
Jaen 584 Andalusia.
Jerez 574 Andalusia.
Laredo 571 Santander.
Leon 591 Galicia.
LogroÑo 558 Andalusia.
Lorca 562 Andalusia.
Lugo 589 Galicia.
Majorca 570 Balearic Isles.
Malaga 401 Andalusia.
MondoÑedo 591 Galicia.
Monterrey 591 Galicia.
Murcia 564 Murcia.
Orense 584 Galicia.
Oviedo 543 Asturias.
Plasencia 593 Andalusia.
Pontevedra 568 Galicia.
Ronda 574 Andalusia.
Salamanca 600 Galicia.
Santiago 596 Galicia.
Segovia 591 Galicia.
Seville 547 Andalusia.
Siguenza 579 Andalusia.
Soria 582 Valencia.
Toledo 579 Andalusia.
Toro 553 Andalusia.
Truxillo 567 Andalusia.
Tuy 583 Galicia.
Valladolid 562 Galicia.
Total 30,527

CAVALRY.

N.B.—Each regiment had five squadrons, and should have numbered about 700 sabres.

1. Heavy Cavalry.
Regiment. Numbers. Quartered in
1st Rey 634 Denmark.
2nd Reina 668 Old Castile.
3rd Principe 573 New Castile.
4th Infante 615 Denmark.
5th Borbon 616 Catalonia.
6th Farnesio 517 Andalusia.
7th Alcantara 589 Portugal.
8th EspaÑa 553 Andalusia.
9th Algarve 572 Denmark.
10th Calatrava 670 Andalusia.
11th Santiago 549 Portugal.
12th Montesa 667 Andalusia.
Total 7,232
2. Light Cavalry.
Cazadores. Numbers. Quartered in
1st Rey 577 Madrid.
2nd Reina 581 Portugal.
3rd Almanza 598 Denmark.
4th Pavia 663 Andalusia.
5th Villaviciosa 628 Denmark.
6th Sagunto 499 Andalusia.
Hussars. Numbers. Quartered in
1st Numancia 630 Valencia.
2nd Lusitania 554 Madrid.
3rd Olivenza 558 Portugal.
4th Voluntarios
de EspaÑa
548 New Castile.
5th Maria Luisa 680 Estremadura.
6th EspaÑoles 692 Balearic Isles.
Total 7,208

A scheme was on foot for converting eight of the light regiments into dragoons. Several of them are designated sometimes as dragoons, sometimes as cazadores or hussars.

N.B.—The 14,440 troopers had only 9,526 horses!

ARTILLERY.

1. Field.
Numbers. Quartered in
1st Regiment 1,143 Catalonia.
2nd Regiment 1,146 Valencia and Murcia.
3rd Regiment 1,078 Andalusia.
4th Regiment 1,043 Galicia.
Total 4,410

Each regiment consisted of ten batteries; of the whole forty, six were horse-artillery. 477 men (four batteries) were in Denmark.

2. Garrison.

Two ‘Brigades’ and fifteen ‘CompaÑias Fijas’ at various places, in all 1,934.

Adding general staff, &c., the total of the artillery, field and garrison, was 292 officers and 6,679 men.

ENGINEERS.

169 officers and a battalion of sappers. The latter was quartered at Alcala de Henares, and had a strength of 922 men, besides 127 detached in Denmark.

GENERAL TOTAL (Rank and File only).

Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Engineers.
Royal Guard 6,029 1,155
Infantry of the Line 44,398
Light Infantry 13,655
Foreign Infantry 12,981
Militia 30,527
Cavalry 14,440
Artillery 6,679
Engineers 1,049
107,590 15,595 6,679 1,049 =130,913

Add 5,911 officers, and we get a gross total of 136,824.


VI

THE FIRST FRENCH ‘ARMY OF SPAIN’

1. ‘1st CORPS OF OBSERVATION OF THE GIRONDE’ [ARMY OF PORTUGAL].

Commander, General Junot. Chief of the Staff, General ThiÉbault.

Men.
1st Division, General Delaborde (Brigades Avril and Brennier):
15th of the Line (3rd batt.), 1,033; 47th ditto (2nd batt.), 1,210; 70th ditto (1st and 2nd batts.), 2,299; 86th ditto (1st and 2nd batts.), 2,116; 4th Swiss (1st batt.), 1,190.
Total, seven battalions 7,848
2nd Division, General Loison (Brigades Charlot and ThomiÈres):
2nd LÉger (3rd batt.), 1,255; 4th ditto (3rd batt.), 1,196; 12th ditto (3rd batt.), 1,302; 15th ditto (3rd batt.), 1,314; 32nd of the Line (3rd batt.), 1,265; 58th ditto (3rd batt.), 1,394; 2nd Swiss (2nd batt.), 755.
Total, seven battalions 8,481
3rd Division, General Travot (Brigades Graindorge and Fusier):
31st LÉger (3rd batt.), 653; 32nd ditto (3rd batt.) 983; 26th of the Line (3rd batt.), 537; 66th ditto (3rd and 4th batts.), 1,004; 82nd ditto (3rd batt.), 861; LÉgion du Midi (1st batt.), 797; Hanoverian Legion, 703.
Total, eight battalions 5,538
Cavalry Division, General Kellermann (Brigades Margaron and Maurin):
26th Chasseurs, 244; 1st Dragoons, 261; 3rd ditto, 236; 4th ditto, 262; 5th ditto, 249; 9th ditto, 257; 15th ditto, 245.
Total, seven squadrons 1,754
Artillery, Train, &c. 1,297
Total of the Corps (twenty-two battalions, seven squadrons) 24,918

2. ‘2nd CORPS OF OBSERVATION OF THE GIRONDE.’

Commander, General Dupont. Chief of the Staff, General Legendre.

Men.
1st Division, General Barbou (Brigades Pannetier and Chabert):
Garde de Paris (2nd batts. of 1st and 2nd Regiments), 1,454; 3rd Legion of Reserve (1st and 2nd batts.), 2,057; 4th ditto (1st, 2nd, and 3rd batts.), 3,084; Marines of the Guard, 532; 4th Swiss (2nd batt.), 709.
Total, nine battalions 7,836
2nd Division, General Vedel (Brigades Poinsot and Cassagne):
1st Legion of Reserve (three batts.), 3,011; 5th ditto (three batts.), 2,695; 3rd Swiss (1st batt.), 1,178.
Total, seven battalions 6,884
3rd Division, General Frere (Brigades Laval and Rostolland):
15th LÉger (2nd batt.), 1,160; 2nd Legion of Reserve (three batts.), 2,870; 2nd Swiss (1st batt.), 1,174.
Total, five battalions 5,204
Cavalry Division, General FrÉsia (Brigades Rigaud and DuprÉ):
1st Provisional Cuirassiers, 778; 2nd ditto, 681; 1st Provisional Chasseurs, 556; 2nd ditto, 662; 6th Provisional Dragoons, 623.
Total, fifteen squadrons 3,300
Artillery, Train, &c. 1,204
Total of the Corps (twenty-one battalions, fifteen squadrons) 24,428

3. ‘CORPS OF OBSERVATION OF THE OCEAN COAST.’

Commander, Marshal Moncey. Chief of the Staff, General Harispe.

Men.
1st Division, General Musnier (Brigades Brun and Isemburg):
1st Provisional Regiment of Infantry (four batts.), 2,088; 2nd ditto, 2,183; 3rd ditto, 2,118; 4th ditto, 2,232; Westphalian battalion, 1,078.
Total, seventeen battalions 9,699
2nd Division, General Gobert (Brigades Lefranc and Dufour):
5th Provisional Regiment (four batts.), 2,095; 6th ditto, 1,851; 7th ditto, 1,872; 8th ditto, 1,921; Irish Legion, 654.
Total, seventeen battalions 8,393
3rd Division, General Morlot (Brigades Bujet and Lefebvre):
9th Provisional Regiment (four batts.), 2,448; 10th ditto, 2,146; 11th ditto, 2,062; Prussian battalion, 493.
Total, thirteen battalions 7,149
Cavalry Division, General Grouchy (Brigades PrivÉ and Wathier):
1st Provisional Dragoons, 660; 2nd ditto, 872; 1st Provisional Hussars, 597; 2nd ditto, 721.
Total, twelve squadrons 2,850
Artillery, Train, &c. 1,250
Total of the Corps (forty-seven battalions, twelve squadrons) 29,341

4. ‘CORPS OF OBSERVATION OF THE PYRENEES.’

Commander, Marshal BessiÈres. Chief of the Staff, General Lefebvre-Desnouettes.

Men.
1st Division, General Merle (Brigades Darmagnac and Gaulois):
47th of the Line (1st batt.), 1,235; 86th ditto (two companies), 231; 3rd Swiss (2nd batt.), 721; 1st RÉgiment de Marche (two batts.), 965; 1st Supplementary Regiment of the Legions of Reserve (two batts.), 2,096.
Total, six and a quarter battalions 5,248
2nd Division, General Verdier (Brigades Sabathier and Ducos):
17th Provisional Regiment (four batts.), 2,110; 18th ditto, 1,928; 13th ditto, 2,185; 14th ditto, 2,295.
Total, sixteen battalions 8,518
Cavalry Division, General Lasalle:
10th Chasseurs, 469; 22nd ditto, 460; Escadron de Marche of Cuirassiers, 153.
Total, seven squadrons 1,082
Artillery, Train, &c. 408

Detached troops belonging to the Corps of BessiÈres.

(1) Garrison of Pampeluna, General D’Agoult:
15th of the Line (4th batt.), 435; 47th ditto (3rd batt.), 297; 70th ditto (3rd batt.), 488; 5th Escadron de Marche of Cuirassiers, 329; Artillery, 63 1,612
(2) Garrison of San Sebastian, General Thouvenot:
2nd Supplementary Regiment of the Legions of Reserve (4th batt.), 890; DÉpÔt Battalion, 1,240; Cavalry DÉpÔt, 60; Artillery, 28 2,218
Total of the Corps (twenty-seven and a quarter battalions, nine squadrons) 19,086

5. ‘CORPS OF OBSERVATION OF THE EASTERN PYRENEES.’

Commander, General Duhesme. Chief of the Staff, Colonel Fabre.

Men.
1st Division, General Chabran (Brigades Goulas and Nicolas).
2nd of the Line (3rd batt.), 610; 7th ditto (1st and 2nd batts.), 1,785; 16th ditto (3rd batt.), 789; 37th ditto (3rd batt.), 656; 56th ditto (4th batt.), 833; 93rd ditto (3rd batt.), 792; 2nd Swiss (3rd batt.), 580.
Total, eight battalions 6,045
2nd Division, General Lecchi (Brigades Milosewitz and ?):
2nd Italian Line (2nd batt.), 740; 4th ditto (3rd batt.), 587; 5th ditto (2nd batt.), 806; Royal VÉlites (1st batt.), 519; 1st Neapolitan Line (1st and 2nd batts.), 1,944.
Total, six battalions 4,596
Cavalry Brigade, General BessiÈres:
3rd Provisional Cuirassiers, 409; 3rd Provisional Chasseurs, 416 825
Cavalry Brigade, General Schwartz:
Italian Chasseurs of the Prince Royal, 504; 2nd Neapolitan Chasseurs, 388 892
Artillery, Train, &c. 356
Total of the Corps (fourteen battalions, nine squadrons) 12,714

6. IMPERIAL GUARD.

Commander, General Dorsenne.

Men.
1st Fusiliers (three batts.), 1,570; 2nd ditto, 1,499; Marines of the Guard [detached to Dupont’s Corps].
Total, six battalions 3,069
Dragoons, 252; Chasseurs and Mamelukes, 321; Gendarmes d’Élite, 304; Polish Light Horse, 737; Guard of the Duke of Berg, 148 1,762
Artillery, &c. 1,581
Total (six battalions, nine squadrons) 6,412

7. TROOPS WHICH ENTERED SPAIN AFTER THE OUTBREAK OF THE WAR, IN JUNE, JULY, AND AUGUST.

Men.
Division Mouton (Brigades Rey and Reynaud):
2nd LÉger (1st and 2nd batts.); 4th ditto (1st, 2nd, and 4th batts.); 12th ditto (1st and 2nd batts.); 15th of the Line (1st and 2nd batts.); Garde de Paris (one batt.) 5,100
Brigade of General Bazancourt:
14th of the Line (1st and 2nd batts.), 1,488; 44th ditto (1st and 2nd batts.), 1,614 3,102
Polish Brigade (Colonel Chlopiski):
1st, 2nd, and 3rd of the Vistula (each of two batts.) 3,951
Four Bataillons de Marche (Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7) 2,281
Division of General Reille at Perpignan [for details see p. 320] 8,370
Division of General Chabot (‘Reserve of Perpignan’) 2,667
Portuguese Troops, before Saragossa (two batts.) 553
National Guards of the Pyrenees, before Saragossa (two batts.) 971
General DÉpÔt at Bayonne 7,659
Battalions, companies, and smaller drafts sent to join their corps in June-August 8,687
Escadrons de Marche, Polish Lancers, Cavalry of the Imperial Guard 3,911
Artillery, drafts 851
Engineers, ditto 101
Total 48,204

GENERAL TOTAL.

Men.
Junot’s Corps 24,918
Dupont’s Corps 24,428
Moncey’s Corps 29,341
BessiÈres’ Corps 19,086
Duhesme’s Corps 12,714
Imperial Guard 6,412
Troops which entered Spain
in June, July, and August
48,204
165,103

N.B.—The organization and the greater part of the figures come from the table at the end of vol. iv of Foy’s history of the Peninsular War. But a few corrections are made where more detailed information is available, especially in the seventh section, where Foy is incomplete (e.g. he omits one of Mouton’s brigades).


VII

PAPERS RELATING TO THE TREACHERY AT BAYONNE

PROTEST OF CHARLES IV AGAINST HIS ABDICATION.

Protesto y declaro que todo lo que manifiesto en mi decreto del 19 de marzo, abdicando la corona en mi hijo, fue forzado por precaver mayores males y la efusion de sangre de mis queridos vasallos, y por tanto de ningun valor.

Yo el rey.

Aranjuez, 21 de marzo de 1808.

LETTER OF NAPOLEON TO FERDINAND VII.

Mon FrÈre,

J’ai reÇu la lettre de V. A. R. Elle doit avoir acquis la preuve, dans les papiers qu’elle a eu du roi son pÈre, de l’intÉrÊt que je lui ai toujours portÉ. Elle me permettra, dans la circonstance actuelle, de lui parler avec franchise et loyautÉ. En arrivant À Madrid, j’espÉrais porter mon illustre ami À quelques rÉformes nÉcessaires dans ses Etats, et À donner quelque satisfaction À l’opinion publique. Le renvoi du prince de la Paix me paraissait nÉcessaire pour son bonheur et celui de ses peuples. Les affaires du Nord ont retardÉ mon voyage. Les ÉvÉnemens d’Aranjuez ont eu lieu. Je ne suis point juge de ce qui s’est passÉ, et de la conduite du prince de la Paix; mais ce que je sais bien, c’est qu’il est dangereux pour les rois d’accoutumer les peuples À rÉpandre du sang et À se faire justice eux-mÊmes. Je prie Dieu que V. A. R. n’en fasse pas elle-mÊme un jour l’expÉrience. Il n’est pas de l’intÉrÊt de l’Espagne de faire du mal À un prince qui a ÉpousÉ une princesse du sang royal, et qui a si long-temps rÉgi le royaume. Il n’a plus d’amis; V. A. R. n’en aura plus, si jamais elle est malheureuse. Les peuples se vengent volontiers des hommages qu’ils nous rendent. Comment, d’ailleurs, pourrait-on faire le procÈs au prince de la Paix, sans le faire À la reine et au roi votre pÈre? Ce procÈs alimentera les haines et les passions factieuses; le rÉsultat en sera funeste pour votre couronne; V. A. R. dÉchire par lÀ ses droits. Qu’elle ferme l’oreille À des conseils faibles et perfides. Elle n’a pas le droit de juger le prince de la Paix: ses crimes, si on lui en reproche, se perdent dans les droits du trÔne. J’ai souvent manifestÉ le dÉsir que le prince de la Paix fÛt ÉloignÉ des affaires. L’amitiÉ du roi Charles m’a portÉ souvent À me taire, et À dÉtourner les yeux des faiblesses de son attachement. MisÉrables hommes que nous sommes! faiblesse et erreur, c’est notre devise. Mais tout cela peut se concilier. Que le prince de la Paix soit exilÉ d’Espagne, et je lui offre un refuge en France. Quant À l’abdication de Charles IV, elle a eu lieu dans un moment oÙ mes armÉes couvraient les Espagnes; et, aux yeux de l’Europe et de la postÉritÉ, je paraÎtrais n’avoir envoyÉ tant de troupes que pour prÉcipiter du trÔne mon alliÉ et mon ami. Comme souverain voisin, il m’est permis de vouloir connaÎtre, avant de reconnaÎtre, cette abdication. Je le dis À V. A. R., aux Espagnols, au monde entier: Si l’abdication du roi Charles est de pur mouvement, s’il n’y a pas ÉtÉ forcÉ par l’insurrection et l’Émeute d’Aranjuez, je ne fais aucune difficultÉ de l’admettre, et je reconnais V. A. R. comme roi d’Espagne. Je dÉsire donc causer avec elle sur cet objet. La circonspection que je porte depuis un mois dans ces affaires doit lui Être garant de l’appui qu’elle trouvera en moi, si, À son tour, des factions, de quelque nature qu’elles soient, venaient À l’inquiÉter sur son trÔne.

Quand le roi Charles me fit part de l’ÉvÉnement du mois d’octobre dernier, j’en fus douloureusement affectÉ, et je pense avoir contribuÉ, par des insinuations que j’ai faites, À la bonne issue de l’affaire de l’Escurial. V. A. R. avait bien des torts; je n’en veux pour preuve que la lettre qu’elle m’a Écrite, et que j’ai constamment voulu oublier. Roi À son tour, elle saura combien les droits du trÔne sont sacrÉs. Toute dÉmarche prÈs d’un souverain Étranger, de la part d’un prince hÉrÉditaire, est criminelle. V. A. R. doit se dÉfier des Écarts et des Émotions populaires.

On pourra commettre quelques meurtres sur mes soldats isolÉs, mais la ruine de l’Espagne en serait le rÉsultat. J’ai dÉjÀ vu avec peine qu’À Madrid on ait rÉpandu des lettres du capitaine-gÉnÉral de la Catalogne, et fait tout ce qui pouvait donner du mouvement aux tÊtes. V. A. R. connaÎt ma pensÉe toute entiÈre: elle voit que je flotte entre diverses idÉes qui ont besoin d’Être fixÉes. Elle peut Être certaine que, dans tous les cas, je me comporterai avec elle comme avec le roi son pÈre. Qu’elle croie À mon dÉsir de tout concilier, et de trouver des occasions de lui donner des preuves de mon affection et de ma parfaite estime.

Sur ce, je prie Dieu qu’il vous ait en sa sainte et digne garde.

NapolÉon.

Bayonne, le 16 avril 1808.

SECOND ABDICATION OF CHARLES IV.

Art. Ier. S. M. le roi Charles, n’ayant en vue pendant toute sa vie que le bonheur de ses sujets, et constant dans le principe, que tous les actes d’un souverain ne doivent Être faits que pour arriver À ce but; les circonstances actuelles ne pouvant Être qu’une source de dissensions d’autant plus funestes que les factions ont divisÉ sa propre famille, a rÉsolu de cÉder, comme il cÈde par le prÉsent, À S. M. l’empereur NapolÉon, tous ses droits sur le trÔne des Espagnes et des Indes, comme au seul qui, au point oÙ en sont arrivÉes les choses, peut rÉtablir l’ordre: entendant que ladite cession n’ait lieu qu’afin de faire jouir ses sujets des deux conditions suivantes:

1o. L’intÉgritÉ du royaume sera maintenue. Le prince que S. M. l’empereur NapolÉon jugera devoir placer sur le trÔne d’Espagne sera indÉpendant, et les limites de l’Espagne ne souffriront aucune altÉration.

2o. La religion catholique, apostolique et romaine sera la seule en Espagne. Il ne pourra y Être tolÉrÉ aucune religion rÉformÉe, et encore moins infidÈle, suivant l’usage Établi jusqu’aujourd’hui.

II. Tous actes faits contre ceux de nos fidÈles sujets, depuis la rÉvolution d’Aranjuez, sont nuls et de nulle valeur, et leurs propriÉtÉs leur seront rendues.

III. Sa majestÉ le roi Charles ayant ainsi assurÉ la prospÉritÉ, l’intÉgritÉ et l’indÉpendance de ses sujets, Sa MajestÉ l’Empereur s’engage À donner refuge dans ses États au roi Charles, À la reine, À sa famille, au prince de la Paix, ainsi qu’À ceux de leurs serviteurs qui voudront les suivre, lesquels jouiront en France d’un rang Équivalent À celui qu’ils possÉdaient en Espagne.

The remaining seven articles have reference to the estates and revenues in France, which the Emperor makes over to Charles IV and his family.

RESIGNATION OF HIS RIGHTS BY FERDINAND VII.

Art. I. Son Altesse Royale le prince des Asturies adhÈre À la cession faite par le roi Charles, de ses droits au trÔne d’Espagne et des Indes, en faveur de Sa MajestÉ l’Empereur des FranÇais, roi d’Italie, et renonce, en tant que de besoin, aux droits qui lui sont acquis, comme prince des Asturies, À la couronne des Espagnes et des Indes.

II. Sa MajestÉ l’Empereur des FranÇais, roi d’Italie, accorde en France À Son Altesse Royale le prince des Asturies le titre d’Altesse Royale, avec tous les honneurs et prÉrogatives dont jouissent les princes de son rang. Les descendans de Son Altesse Royale le prince des Asturies conserveront le titre de prince et celui d’Altesse SÉrÉnissime, et auront toujours le mÊme rang en France, que les princes dignitaires de l’Empire.

The remaining five articles have reference to the estates and revenues in France, which the Emperor makes over to Ferdinand.


THE CAPITULATION OF BAYLEN

1. ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF CASTAÑOS

N.B.—* marks an old regiment of the regular army; † a militia regiment; ‡ a regiment of new levies.

Commander-in-chief, Lieut.-General Francisco Xavier CastaÑos.
Chief of the Staff, Major-General Tomas Moreno.

Men.
1st Division, General Teodoro Reding:
*Walloon Guards (3rd batt.), 852; *Reina, 795; *Corona, 824; *Jaen, 922; *Irlanda, 1,824; *3rd Swiss, 1,100; *Barbastro (half batt.), 331; †Jaen, 500; ‡1st of Granada, 526; ‡Cazadores of Antequera, 343; ‡Tejas, 436.
Total 8,453
Cavalry attached to the 1st Division:
*Montesa, 120; *Farnesio, 213; *Dragones de la Reina, 213; *Numancia, 100; *Olivenza, 140; ‡Lancers of Utrera and Jerez, 114.
Total 900
One horse-battery (six guns), one field-battery (four guns) 200
Two companies of sappers 166
Total of the Division 9,719
2nd Division, Major-General Marquis Coupigny:
*Ceuta, 1,208; *Ordenes Militares, 1,909; †Granada, 400; †Truxillo, 290; †Bujalance, 403; †Cuenca, 501; †Ciudad Real, 420; ‡2nd of Granada, 450; ‡3rd of Granada, 470; ‡Volunteers of Catalonia, 1,178.
Total 7,229
Cavalry attached to the 2nd Division:
*Borbon, 401; *EspaÑa, 120.
Total 521
One horse-battery (six guns) 100
One company of sappers 100
Total of the Division 7,950
3rd Division, Major-General Felix Jones:
*Cordova, 1,106; *Light Infantry of Valencia (half batt.), 359; *ditto of Campo-Mayor, 800; †Burgos, 415; †Alcazar, 400; †Plasencia, 410; †Guadix, 459; †Lorca, 490; †Seville, 267.
Total 4,706
Cavalry attached to 3rd Division:
*Calatrava, 222; *Santiago, 86; *Sagunto, 101; *Principe, 300.
Total 709
Total of the Division 5,415
4th Division (Reserve), Lieut.-General Manuel la PeÑa:
*Africa, 525; *Burgos, 2,089; *Saragossa (3rd batt.), 822; *Murcia (3rd batt.), 420; *2nd Swiss, 243; *Marines, 50; †Provincial Grenadiers of Andalusia, 912; †Siguenza, 502.
Total 5,563
Cavalry attached to 4th Division:
*Pavia, 541 541
Artillery, two horse-batteries (twelve guns) (?) 302
Sappers, one company 100
Total of the Division 6,506

Total of the army, 29,590: viz. infantry, 25,951; cavalry, 2,671; artillery, 602; sappers, 366, with twenty-eight guns.

N.B.—The force of the two flying columns of Col. Cruz-Murgeon and the Conde de ValdecaÑas is not ascertainable. They were both composed of new levies: Arteche puts the former at 2,000 foot, and the latter at 1,800 foot and 400 horse. Other authorities give Cruz-Murgeon 3,000 men.

It should be noted that CastaÑos’ field-army does not comprise the whole number of men under arms in Andalusia. Most of the regular regiments had left behind their third battalion, which was being completed with recruits, and was not fit to take the field. Of all the regiments only Burgos, Irlanda, and Ordenes Militares seem to have gone forward three battalions strong.

2. CORRESPONDENCE OF THE FRENCH GENERALS.

(a.) GENERAL DUPONT TO GENERAL VEDEL.

Je vous prie, mon cher gÉnÉral, de vous porter le plus rapidement possible sur Baylen, pour y faire votre jonction avec le corps qui a combattu aujourd’hui À Mengibar et qui s’est repliÉ sur cette ville. Le sixiÈme rÉgiment provisoire et deux escadrons, l’un de dragons et l’autre de chasseurs, sont rÉunis À votre division.

J’espÈre que l’ennemi sera rejetÉ demain sur Mengibar, au delÀ du fleuve, et que les postes de Guarraman et de la Caroline resteront en sÛretÉ; ils sont d’une grande importance.

Lorsque vous aurez obtenu ce succÈs, je dÉsire que vous rÉunissiez À Andujar une partie de vos forces, afin de combattre l’ennemi qui se trouve devant nous. Vous ne laisserez À Baylen que ce qui sera nÉcessaire pour sa dÉfense.

Si l’ennemi occupe BaËza, il faut l’en chasser.

Recevez mes assurances d’amitiÉ.

Le gÉnÉral Dupont.

Andujar, le 16 juillet 1808.

(b.) GENERAL VEDEL TO GENERAL DUPONT.

Mon gÉnÉral,

Il est huit heures et demie. J’arrive À Baylen, oÙ je n’ai trouvÉ personne. Le gÉnÉral Dufour en est parti À minuit et a marchÉ sur Guarraman. Comme il n’a laissÉ personne pour m’instruire des motifs de cette dÉmarche, je ne puis rien dire de positif À cet Égard; mais le bruit commun Étant que les troupes ennemies, qui out attaquÉ hier le gÉnÉral Belair, se sont dirigÉes avec celles qui Étaient À Ubeda, vers les gorges, par LinharÈs et Sainte-HÉlÈne, on doit penser que le gÉnÉral Dufour s’est mis À leur poursuite, afin de les combattre.

Comme les instructions de Votre Excellence portent que je dois faire ma jonction avec le corps qui s’Était repliÉ sur Baylen, quoique harassÉ et fatiguÉ, je partirai d’ici pour me rendre encore aujourd’hui À Guarraman, afin de regagner la journÉe que l’ennemi a sur moi, l’atteindre, le battre, et dÉjouer ainsi ses projets sur les gorges.

Je vais Écrire au gÉnÉral Dufour, pour l’informer de mon mouvement, savoir quelque chose de positif sur sa marche et sur les donnÉes qu’il peut avoir de celle de l’ennemi.

· · · · · · · · ·

Le gÉnÉral de division,

Vedel.

Baylen, le 17 juillet 1808.

(c.) GENERAL DUPONT TO GENERAL VEDEL.

J’ai reÇu votre lettre de Baylen; d’aprÈs le mouvement de l’ennemi, le gÉnÉral Dufour a trÈs-bien fait de le gagner de vitesse sur la Caroline et sur Sainte-HÉlÈne, pour occuper la tÊte des gorges; je vois avec plaisir que vous vous hÂtez de vous rÉunir À lui, afin de combattre avec avantage, si l’ennemi se prÉsente. Mais, au lieu de se rendre À Sainte-HÉlÈne, l’ennemi peut suivre la vieille route, qui de BaËza va À GuËmada, et qui est parallÈle À la grande route; s’il prend ce parti, il faut le gagner encore de vitesse au dÉbouchÉ de cette route, afin de l’empÊcher de pÉnÉtrer dans la Manche. D’aprÈs ce que vous me dites, ce corps ne serait que d’environ dix mille hommes, et vous Êtes en mesure de la battre complÉtement; s’il est plus considÉrable, manoeuvrez pour suspendre sa marche, ou pour le contenir dans les gorges, en attendant que j’arrive À votre appui.

· · · · · · · · ·

Si vous trouvez l’ennemi À la Caroline, ou sur tout autre point de la grande route, tÂchez de le battre, pour me venir rejoindre et repousser ce qui est devant Andujar.

· · · · · · · · ·

Mille amitiÉs.

Le gÉnÉral Dupont.

Andujar, le 17 juillet 1808.

N.B.—It will be seen that by letter (a) Dupont deliberately divides his army into two halves. By letter (b) Vedel shows that he made no reconnaissances, but acted merely on ‘le bruit commun.’ By letter (c) Dupont accepts Vedel’s erroneous views without suspicion, and authorizes him to go off on the wild-goose chase which he was projecting.

3. CAPITULATION.

Leurs Excellences MM. le comte de Casa Tilly et le gÉnÉral don Francisco Xavier CastaÑos, commandant en chef l’armÉe d’Espagne en Andalousie, voulant donner une preuve de leur haute estime À Son Excellence M. le gÉnÉral comte Dupont, grand aigle de la LÉgion d’honneur, commandant en chef le corps d’observation de la Gironde, ainsi qu’À l’armÉe sous ses ordres, pour la belle et glorieuse dÉfense qu’ils out faite contre une armÉe infiniment supÉrieure en nombre, et qui les enveloppait de toutes parts; sur la demande de M. le gÉnÉral de brigade Chabert, commandant de la LÉgion d’honneur, et chargÉ des pleins pouvoirs de Son Excellence le gÉnÉral en chef de l’armÉe franÇaise, en prÉsence de Son Excellence M. le gÉnÉral comte Marescot, grand aigle de la LÉgion d’honneur et premier inspecteur du gÉnie, ont arrÊtÉ les conventions suivantes:

Art. 1er. Les troupes franÇaises sous les ordres de Son Excellence M. le gÉnÉral Dupont sont prisonniÈres de guerre, la division Vedel et les autres troupes franÇaises en Andalousie exceptÉes.

2. La division de M. le gÉnÉral Vedel, et gÉnÉralement toutes les troupes franÇaises en Andalousie, qui ne sont pas dans la position de celles comprises dans l’article 1er, Évacueront l’Andalousie.

3. Les troupes comprises dans l’article 2 conserveront gÉnÉralement tous leurs bagages, et, pour Éviter tout sujet de trouble pendant la marche, elles remettront leur artillerie, train et autres armes, À l’armÉe espagnole, qui s’engage À les leur rendre au moment de leur embarquement.

4. Les troupes comprises dans l’article 1er du traitÉ sortiront de leur camp avec les honneurs de la guerre; chaque bataillon ayant deux canons en tÊte; les soldats armÉs de leurs fusils, qui seront dÉposÉs À quatre cents toises du camp.

5. Les troupes de M. le gÉnÉral Vedel et autres, ne devant pas dÉposer les armes, les placeront en faisceaux sur le front de bandiÈre; elles y laisseront aussi leur artillerie et leur train. Il en sera dressÉ procÈs-verbal par des officiers des deux armÉes, et le tout leur sera remis ainsi qu’il est convenu dans l’article 3.

6. Toutes les troupes franÇaises en Andalousie se rendront À San-Lucar et À Rota, par journÉes d’Étape, qui ne pourront excÉder quatre lieues de poste, avec les sÉjours nÉcessaires, pour y Être embarquÉes sur des vaisseaux ayant Équipage espagnol, et transportÉes en France au port de Rochefort.

7. Les troupes franÇaises seront embarquÉes aussitÔt aprÈs leur arrivÉe. L’armÉe espagnole assure leur traversÉe contre toute agression hostile.

8. MM. les officiers gÉnÉraux, supÉrieurs et autres, conserveront leurs armes, et les soldats leurs sacs.

9. Les logements, vivres et fourrages, pendant la marche et la traversÉe, seront fournis À MM. les officiers gÉnÉraux et autres y ayant droit, ainsi qu’À la troupe, dans la proportion de leur grade, et sur le pied des troupes espagnoles en temps de guerre.

10. Les chevaux de MM. les officiers gÉnÉraux, supÉrieurs et d’État-major, dans la proportion de leur grade, seront transportÉs en France, et nourris sur le pied de guerre.

11. MM. les officiers gÉnÉraux conserveront chacun une voiture et un fourgon; MM. les officiers supÉrieurs et d’État-major, une voiture seulement, sans Être soumis À aucun examen, mais sans contrevenir aux ordonnances et aux lois du royaume.

12. Sont exceptÉes de l’article prÉcÉdent les voitures prises en Andalousie, dont l’examen sera fait par M. le gÉnÉral Chabert.

13. Pour Éviter la difficultÉ d’embarquer les chevaux des corps de cavalerie et d’artillerie, compris dans l’article 2, lesdits chevaux seront laissÉs en Espagne, et seront payÉs, d’aprÈs l’estimation de deux commissaires franÇais et espagnol, et acquittÉs par le gouvernement espagnol.

14. Les blessÉs et malades de l’armÉe franÇaise, laissÉs dans les hÔpitaux, seront traitÉs avec le plus grand soin, et seront transportÉs en France sous bonne et sÛre escorte, aussitÔt aprÈs leur guÉrison.

15. Comme, en diverses rencontres et particuliÈrement À la prise de Cordoue, plusieurs soldats, au mÉpris des ordres des gÉnÉraux et malgrÉ les efforts des officiers, se sont portÉs À des excÈs qui sont inÉvitables dans les villes qui opposent encore de la rÉsistance au moment d’Être prises, MM. les gÉnÉraux et autres officiers prendront les mesures nÉcessaires pour retrouver les vases sacrÉs qu’on pourrait avoir enlevÉs, et les restituer, s’ils existent.

16. Tous les employÉs civils, attachÉs À l’armÉe franÇaise, ne sont pas considÉrÉs comme prisonniers de guerre; ils jouiront cependant, pour leur transport en France, de tous les avantages de la troupe, dans la proportion de leur emploi.17. Les troupes franÇaises commenceront À Évacuer l’Andalousie le 23 juillet, À quatre heures du matin. Pour Éviter la grande chaleur, la marche des troupes s’effectuera de nuit, et se conformera aux journÉes d’Étape qui seront rÉglÉes par MM. les officiers d’État-major franÇais et espagnols, en Évitant le passage des villes de Cordoue et de SÉville.

18. Les troupes franÇaises, pendant leur marche, seront escortÉes par la troupe de ligne espagnole, À raison de trois cents hommes d’escorte par colonne de trois mille hommes, et MM. les officiers gÉnÉraux seront escortÉs par des dÉtachements de cavalerie et d’infanterie de ligne.

19. Les troupes, dans leur marche, seront toujours prÉcÉdÉes par des commissaires franÇais et espagnols, qui devront assurer les logements et les vivres nÉcessaires, d’aprÈs les États qui leur seront remis.

20. La prÉsente capitulation sera portÉe de suite À Son Excellence M. le duc de Rovigo, commandant en chef les troupes franÇaises en Espagne, par un officier franÇais qui devra Être escortÉ par des troupes de ligne espagnoles.

21. Il est convenu par les deux armÉes qu’il sera ajoutÉ, comme articles supplÉmentaires, À la capitulation, ce qui peut avoir ÉtÉ omis et ce qui pourrait encore augmenter le bien-Être des troupes franÇaises pendant leur sÉjour en Espagne, et pendant la traversÉe.

SignÉ,

Xavier CastaÑos.
Marescot, GÉnÉral de Division.
Conde de Tilly.
Chabert, GÉnÉral de Brigade.
Ventura Escalante, Capitan-General de Granada.

SUPPLEMENTARY ARTICLES OF AUGUST 6.

Art. 1er. On a dÉjÀ sollicitÉ du roi d’Angleterre et de l’amirautÉ anglaise des passe-ports pour la sÛretÉ du passage des troupes franÇaises.

2. L’embarquement s’effectuera sur des vaisseaux de l’escadre espagnole, ou sur tous autres bÂtiments de transport qui seront nÉcessaires pour conduire le total des troupes franÇaises, au moins par division, À commencer par celle du gÉnÉral Dupont, et immÉdiatement aprÈs, celle du gÉnÉral Vedel.

3. Le dÉbarquement s’effectuera sur les cÔtes du Languedoc ou de Provence, ou bien au port de Lorient, selon que le voyage sera jugÉ plus commode et plus court.

4. On embarquera des vivres pour un mois et plus, afin de prÉvenir tous les accidents de la navigation.

5. Dans le cas qu’on n’obtÎnt pas de l’Angleterre les passe-ports de sÛretÉ qu’on a demandÉs, alors on traitera des moyens les plus propres pour le passage par terre.

6. Chaque division des troupes franÇaises sera cantonnÉe sur diffÉrents points, dans un rayon de huit À dix lieues, en attendant que le susdit embarquement ait son effet.

Ainsi fait À SÉville, le 6 aoÛt 1808.

SignÉ,

Xavier CastaÑos.

LETTER OF THE CAPTAIN-GENERAL OF ANDALUSIA, REPUDIATING THE CAPITULATION.

Monsieur le gÉnÉral Dupont,

Je n’ai jamais eu ni de mauvaise foi, ni de fausse dissimulation: de lÀ vient ce que j’Écrivis À V. E., sous la date du 8, dictÉ, d’aprÈs mon caractÈre, par la plus grande candeur, et je suis fÂchÉ de me voir obligÉ, par votre rÉponse en date d’hier, de rÉpÉter en abrÉgÉ ce que j’eus l’honneur de dire alors À V. E., et ce qui certainement ne peut manquer de se vÉrifier.

Ni la capitulation, ni l’approbation de la junte, ni un ordre exprÈs de notre souverain chÉri, ne peuvent rendre possible ce qui ne l’est pas; il n’y a point de bÂtiments, ni de moyens de s’en procurer pour le transport de votre armÉe. Quelle plus grande preuve que celle de retenir ici trÈs-dispendieusement les prisonniers de votre corps, pour n’avoir point de quoi les transporter sur d’autres points hors du continent?

Lorsque le gÉnÉral CastaÑos promit d’obtenir des Anglais des passe-ports pour le passage de votre armÉe, il ne put s’obliger À autre chose qu’À les demander avec instance, et c’est ce qu’il a fait. Mais comment V. E. put-elle croire que la nation britannique accÉderait À la laisser passer, certaine qu’elle allait lui faire la guerre sur un autre point, ou peut-Être sur le mÊme?

Je me persuade que ni le gÉnÉral CastaÑos, ni V. E. ne crurent que ladite capitulation pÛt Être exÉcutÉe: le but du premier fut de sortir d’embarras, et celui de V. E. d’obtenir des conditions qui, quoique impossibles, honorassent sa reddition indispensable. Chacun de vous obtint ce qu’il dÉsirait, et maintenant il est nÉcessaire que la loi impÉrieuse de la nÉcessitÉ commande.

Le caractÈre national ne permet d’en user avec les FranÇais que d’aprÈs cette loi, et non d’aprÈs celle des reprÉsailles; V. E. m’oblige de lui exprimer des vÉritÉs qui doivent lui Être amÈres. Quel droit a-t-elle d’exiger l’exÉcution impossible d’une capitulation avec une armÉe qui est entrÉe en Espagne sous le voile de l’alliance intime et de l’union, qui a emprisonnÉ notre roi et sa famille royale, saccagÉ ses palais, assassinÉ et volÉ ses sujets, dÉtruit ses campagnes et arrachÉ sa couronne? Si V. E. ne veut s’attirer de plus en plus la juste indignation des peuples, que je travaille tant À rÉprimer, qu’elle cesse de semblables et d’aussi intolÉrables rÉclamations, et qu’elle cherche, par sa conduite et sa rÉsignation, À affaiblir la vive sensation des horreurs qu’elle a commises rÉcemment À Cordoue. V. E. croit bien assurÉment que mon but, en lui faisant cet avertissement, n’a d’autre objet que son propre bien: le vulgaire irrÉflÉchi ne pense qu’À payer le mal par le mal, sans apprÉcier les circonstances, et je ne peux m’empÊcher de rendre V. E. responsable des rÉsultats funestes que peut entraÎner sa rÉpugnance À ce qui ne peut manquer d’Être.

Les dispositions que j’ai donnÉes À D. Juan Creagh, et qui ont ÉtÉ communiquÉes À V. E., sont les mÊmes que celles de la junte suprÊme, et sont, en outre, indispensables dans les circonstances actuelles: le retard de leur exÉcution alarme les peuples et attire des inconvÉnients: dÉjÀ ledit Creagh m’a fait part d’un accident qui me donne les plus grandes craintes. Quel stimulant pour la populace, de savoir qu’un seul soldat Était porteur de 2,180 livres tournois!

C’est tout ce que j’ai À rÉpondre À la dÉpÊche de V. E., et j’espÈre que celle-ci sera la derniÈre rÉponse relative À ces objets, demeurant, sur toute autre chose, dans le dÉsir de lui Être agrÉable, Étant son affectionnÉ et sincÈre serviteur,

Morla.


THE CONVENTION OF CINTRA

1. DEFINITIVE CONVENTION FOR THE EVACUATION OF PORTUGAL BY THE FRENCH ARMY.

The Generals commanding-in-chief of the British and French armies in Portugal having determined to negotiate and conclude a treaty for the evacuation of Portugal by the French troops, on the basis of the agreement entered into on the 22nd instant for a suspension of hostilities, have appointed the undermentioned officers to negotiate the same in their names: viz. on the part of the General-in-chief of the British army, Lieut.-Col. Murray, Quartermaster-General, and on the part of the French army, M. Kellermann, General of Division, to whom they have given authority to negotiate and conclude a Convention to that effect, subject to their ratification respectively, and to that of the Admiral commanding the British fleet at the entrance of the Tagus. These two officers, after exchanging their full powers, have agreed upon the articles which follow:—

I. All the places and forts in the kingdom of Portugal occupied by the French troops shall be delivered up to the British army in the state in which they are at the moment of the signature of the present Convention.

II. The French troops shall evacuate Portugal with their arms and baggage: they shall not be considered prisoners of war: and on their arrival in France they shall be at liberty to serve.

III. The English Government shall furnish the means of conveyance for the French army, which shall be disembarked in any of the ports of France between Rochefort and L’Orient inclusively.

IV. The French army shall carry with it all its artillery of French calibre, with the horses belonging to it, and the tumbrils supplied with sixty rounds per gun. All other artillery arms and ammunition, as also the military and naval arsenals, shall be given up to the British army and navy, in the state in which they may be at the period of the ratification of the Convention.

V. The French army shall carry away with it all its equipment, and all that is comprehended under the name of property of the army, that is to say its military chest, and the carriages attached to the field commissariat and field hospital, or shall be allowed to dispose of such part of the same on its account, as the Commander-in-chief may judge it unnecessary to embark. In like manner all individuals of the army shall be at liberty to dispose of all their private property of every description, with full security hereafter for the purchasers.

VI. The cavalry are to embark their horses, as also the Generals and other officers of all ranks: it is, however, fully understood that the means of conveyance[745] for horses at the disposal of the British Commander-in-chief are very limited: some additional conveyance may be procured in the port of Lisbon.

VII. In order to facilitate the embarkation, it shall take place in three divisions, the last of which will be principally composed of the garrisons of the places, of the cavalry and artillery, the sick, and the equipment of the army. The first division shall embark within seven days from the ratification of the Convention, or sooner if possible.

VIII. The garrisons of Elvas, Peniche, and Palmella will be embarked at Lisbon; that of Almeida at Oporto, or the nearest harbour. They will be accompanied on their march by British commissaries, charged with providing for their subsistence and accommodation.

IX. All the French sick and wounded who cannot be embarked are entrusted to the British army.... The English Government shall provide for their return to France, which shall take place by detachments of 150 or 200 men at a time[@ 746 repetido].

X. As soon as the vessels employed to carry the army to France shall have disembarked it ... every facility shall be given them to return to England without delay: they shall have security against capture until their arrival in a friendly port[746].

XI. The French army shall be concentrated in Lisbon, or within a distance of about two leagues from it. The British army will approach to within three leagues of the capital, so as to leave about one league between the two armies.

XII. The forts of St. Julian, the Bugio, and Cascaes shall be occupied by the British troops on the ratification of the Convention. Lisbon and its forts and batteries, as far as the Lazaretto or Trafaria on one side, and the Fort St. Joseph on the other inclusively, shall be given up on the embarkation of the second division, as shall be also the harbour and all the armed vessels in it of every description, with their rigging, sails, stores, and ammunition. The fortresses of Elvas, Almeida, Peniche, and Palmella shall be given up so soon as British troops can arrive to occupy them: in the meantime the British General-in-chief will give notice of the present Convention to the garrisons of those places, as also to the troops in front of them, in order to put a stop to further hostilities.

XIII. Commissaries shall be appointed on both sides to regulate and accelerate the execution of the arrangements agreed upon.

XIV. Should there arise any doubt as to the meaning of any article, it shall be explained favourably to the French army.

XV. From the date of the ratification of the present Convention, all arrears of contributions, requisitions, and claims of the French Government against the subjects of Portugal, or other individuals residing in this country, founded on the occupation of Portugal by the French troops since December, 1807, which may not have been paid up are cancelled; and all sequestrations laid upon their property, movable or immovable, are removed, and the free disposal of the same is restored to their proper owners.

XVI. All subjects of France, or of powers in friendship or alliance with France, domiciliated in Portugal, or accidentally in this country, shall be protected. Their property of every kind, movable and immovable, shall be respected, and they shall be at liberty either to accompany the French army or to remain in Portugal. In either case their property is guaranteed to them with the liberty of retaining or disposing of it, and of passing the sale[747] of it into France or any other country where they may fix their residence, the space of one year being allowed them for that purpose.

It is fully understood that shipping is excepted from this arrangement; only, however, as regards leaving the port, and that none of the stipulations above mentioned can be made the pretext of any commercial speculation.

XVII. No native of Portugal shall be rendered accountable for his political conduct during the period of the occupation of this country by the French army. And all those who have continued in the exercise of their employments, or who have accepted situations under the French Government, are placed under the protection of the British commanders. They shall suffer no injury in their persons or property, it not having been at their option to be obedient or not to the French Government. They are also at liberty to avail themselves of the stipulations of the sixteenth article.

XVIII. The Spanish troops detained on board ship in the port of Lisbon shall be given up to the General-in-chief of the British army, who engages to obtain of the Spaniards to restore such French subjects, either military or civil, as may have been detained[748] in Spain, without having been taken in battle or in consequence of military operations, but on the occasion of the occurrences of the 29th of May last, and the days immediately following.

XIX. There shall be an immediate exchange established for all ranks of prisoners made in Portugal since the commencement of the present hostilities.

XX. Hostages of the rank of field-officers shall be mutually furnished on the part of the British army and navy, and on that of the French army, for the reciprocal guarantee of the present Convention.

The officer representing the British army to be restored on the completion of the articles which concern the army, and the officer of the navy on the disembarkation of the French troops in their own country. The like is to take place on the part of the French army[749].

XXI. It shall be allowed to the General-in-chief of the French army to send an officer to France with intelligence of the present Convention. A vessel will be furnished by the British Admiral to carry him to Bordeaux or Rochefort.

XXII. The British Admiral will be invited to accommodate His Excellency the Commander-in-chief[750] and the other principal French officers on board of ships of war.

Done and concluded at Lisbon this thirteenth day of August, 1808.

George Murray, Quar.-Mas.-Gen.
Kellermann, GÉnÉral de Division.

Three unimportant supplementary articles were added, one stipulating that French civilian prisoners in the hands of the English or Portuguese should be released, another that the French army should subsist on its own magazines till it embarked, a third that the British should allow the free entry of provisions into Lisbon after the signature of the Convention.

2. REPORT OF THE COURT OF INQUIRY.

On a consideration of all circumstances, as set forth in this Report, we most humbly submit our opinion, that no further military proceeding is necessary on the subject. Because, howsoever some of us may differ in our sentiments respecting the fitness of the Convention in the relative situation of the two armies, it is our unanimous declaration, that unquestionable zeal and firmness appear throughout to have been exhibited by Lieut.-Generals Sir Hew Dalrymple, Sir Harry Burrard, and Sir Arthur Wellesley, as well as that the ardour and gallantry of the rest of the officers and soldiers, on every occasion during this expedition, have done honour to the troops, and reflected lustre on Your Majesty’s arms.

All which is most dutifully submitted.

(Signed)

David Dundas, General.
Moira, General.
Peter Craig, General.
Heathfield, General.
Pembroke, Lieut.-Gen.
G. Nugent, Lieut.-Gen.
Ol. Nicholls, Lieut.-Gen.

Dec. 22, 1808.

3. LORD MOIRA’S ‘OPINION.’

I feel less awkwardness in obeying the order to detail my sentiments on the nature of the Convention, because that I have already joined in the tribute of applause due in other respects to the Officers concerned. My opinion, therefore, is only opposed to theirs on a question of judgment, where their talents are likely to have so much more weight, as to render the profession of my difference, even on that point, somewhat painful. Military duty is, however, imperious on me not to disguise or qualify the deductions which I have made during this investigation.

An Armistice simply might not have been objectionable, because Sir Hew Dalrymple, expecting hourly the arrival of Sir John Moore’s division, might see more advantage for himself in a short suspension of hostilities, than what the French could draw from it. But as the Armistice involved, and in fact established, the whole principle of the Convention, I cannot separate it from the latter.

Sir Arthur Wellesley has stated that he considered his force, at the commencement of the march from the Mondego river, as sufficient to drive the French from their positions on the Tagus. That force is subsequently joined by above 4,000 British troops, under Generals Anstruther and Acland. The French make an attack with their whole disposable strength, and are repulsed with heavy loss, though but a part of the British army is brought into action. It is difficult to conceive that the prospects which Sir Arthur Wellesley entertained could be unfavourably altered by these events, even had not the certainty of speedy reinforcements to the British army existed.

It is urged, that, had the French been pushed to extremity, they would have crossed the Tagus, and have protracted the campaign in such a manner as to have frustrated the more important view of the British Generals, namely, sending succours into Spain.

This measure must have been equally feasible for the French if no victory had been obtained over them; but I confess that the chance of such an attempt seems to me assumed against probability. Sir Hew Dalrymple notices what he calls ‘the critical and embarrassed state of Junot,’ before that General has been pressed by the British army; and, in explanation of that expression, observes, that the surrender of Dupont, the existence of the victorious Spanish army in Andalusia, which cut off the retreat of the French in that direction, and the universal hostility of the Portuguese, made the situation of Junot one of great distress. No temptation for the translation of the war into Alemtejo presents itself from this picture; nor does any other representation give ground to suppose, that Junot could have contemplated the measure, as holding forth any prospect but ultimate ruin, after much preliminary distress and disgrace. The strongest of all proofs as to Junot’s opinion, arises from his sending the very morning after the battle of Vimiero, to propose the evacuation of Portugal; a step which sufficiently indicated that he was satisfied he could not only make no effectual defence, but could not even prolong the contest to take the chance of accidents. He seems, indeed, to have been without any real resource.

I humbly conceive it to have been erroneous to regard the emancipation of Portugal from the French, as the sole or the principal object of the expedition.—Upon whatever territory we contend with the French, it must be a prominent object in the struggle to destroy their resources, and to narrow their means of injuring us, or those whose cause we are supporting. This seems to have been so little considered in the Convention, that the terms appear to have extricated Junot’s army from a situation of infinite distress, in which it was wholly out of play, and to have brought it, in a state of entire equipment, into immediate currency, in a quarter too, where it must interfere with our most urgent and interesting concerns.

Had it been impracticable to reduce the French army to lay down its arms unconditionally, still an obligation not to serve for a specified time might have been insisted upon, or Belleisle might have been prescribed as the place at which they should be landed, in order to prevent the possibility of their reinforcing (at least for a long time) the armies employed for the subjugation of Spain. Perhaps a stronger consideration than the merit of those terms presents itself. Opinion relative to the British arms was of the highest importance, as it might influence the confidence of the Spaniards, or invite the nations groaning under the yoke of France, to appeal to this country, and co-operate with it for their deliverance. The advantages ought, therefore, to have been more than usually great, which should be deemed sufficient to balance the objection of granting to a very inferior army, hopeless in circumstances, and broken in spirit, such terms as might argue, that, notwithstanding its disparity in numbers, it was still formidable to its victors. No advantages seem to have been gained that would not have equally followed from forcing the enemy to a more marked submission. The gain of time as to sending succours into Spain cannot be admitted as a plea; because it appears that no arrangements for the reception of our troops in Spain had been undertaken previous to the Convention; and this is without reasoning on subsequent facts.

I trust that these reasons will vindicate me from the charge of presumption, in maintaining an opinion contradictory to that professed by so many most respectable Officers; for, even if the reasons be essentially erroneous, if they are conclusive to my mind (as I must conscientiously affirm them to be), it is a necessary consequence that I must disapprove the Convention.

Moira, General.

December 27, 1808.


THE CENTRAL JUNTA OF REGENCY

LIST OF THE MEMBERS.

N.B.—The notes as to individuals are extracted from Arguelles.

1. For Aragon. Don Francisco Palafox, Brigadier-General [younger brother of Joseph Palafox, the Captain-General]. Don Lorenzo Calvo de Rozas [Intendant-General of the Army of Aragon, long a banker in Madrid].

2. For Asturias. Don Gaspar Jovellanos [Councillor of State, sometime Minister of Justice]. The Marquis of Campo Sagrado, Lieut.-General.

3. For the Canary Islands. The Marquis of Villanueva del Prado.

4. For Old Castile. Don Lorenzo Bonifaz [Prior of Zamora]. Don Francisco Xavier Caro [a Professor of the University of Salamanca].

5. For Catalonia. The Marquis of Villel [Grandee of Spain]. The Baron de Sabasona.

6. For Cordova. The Marquis de la Puebla [Grandee of Spain]. Don Juan Rabe [a merchant of Cordova].

7. For Estremadura. Don Martin Garay [Intendant-General of Estremadura]. Don Felix Ovalle [Treasurer of the Army of Estremadura].

8. For Galicia. The Conde de Gimonde. Don Antonio Aballe [an advocate].

9. For Granada. Don Rodrigo Riquelme [Regent of the Chancellery]. Don Luis Funes [Canon of Santiago].

10. For Jaen. Don Francisco Castanedo [Canon of Jaen]. Don Sebastian Jocano [Accountant-General].

11. For Leon. Don Antonio Valdes [Bailiff of the Knights of Malta, sometime Minister of Marine]. The Vizconde de Quintanilla.

12. For Madrid. The Marquis of Astorga [Grandee of Spain]. Don Pedro Silva [Patriarch of the Indies].

13. For the Balearic Isles. Don Tomas Veri [Lieut.-Col. of Militia]. The Conde de Ayamans.

14. For Murcia. The Conde de Florida Blanca [sometime Secretary of State]. The Marquis Del Villar.

15. For Navarre. Don Miguel Balanza and Don Carlos Amatria [formerly representatives in the Cortes of Navarre].

16. For Seville. The Archbishop of Laodicea [Coadjutor-Bishop of Seville]. The Conde de Tilly.

17. For Toledo. Don Pedro Rivero [Canon of Toledo]. Don JosÉ Garcia Latorre [an advocate].

18. For Valencia. The Conde de Contamina [Grandee of Spain]. The Principe Pio [Grandee of Spain and a Lieut.-Col. of Militia].


THE SPANISH ARMIES, OCT.-NOV. 1808

N.B.—* signifies an old line or light regiment; † a militia battalion; ‡ a newly raised corps.

1. THE ARMY OF GALICIA [Return of Oct. 31].

General Blake.

Officers. Men.
Vanguard Brigade, General Mendizabal:
*2nd Catalonian Light Infantry (one batt.); *Volunteers of Navarre (one batt.); *two batts. of United Grenadiers; *Saragossa (one batt.); *one company of sappers 87 2,797
1st Division, General Figueroa:
*Rey (two batts.); *Majorca (one batt.); *Hibernia (one batt.); *one batt. of united light companies; †MondoÑedo; ‡Batallon Literario; *one company of sappers 86 3,932
2nd Division, General Martinengo:
*Navarre (two batts.); *Naples (two batts.); †Pontevedra; †Segovia; ‡‘Volunteers of Victory’ (one batt.); sappers, one company; Cavalry: *Reina (two squadrons); *Montesa (one squadron); and one detachment of mixed regiments. [The cavalry was 302 sabres in all.] 117 4,949
3rd Division, General Riquelme:
*Gerona Light Infantry (one batt.); *Seville (two batts.); *Marines (three batts.); †Compostella (one batt.); one company of sappers 119 4,677
4th Division, General Carbajal:
*Barbastro Light Infantry (one batt.); *Principe (two batts.); *Toledo (two batts.); *two batts. of United Grenadiers; *Aragon (one batt.); †Lugo; †Santiago 143 3,388
5th Division [from Denmark], General Conde de San Roman:
*Zamora (three batts.); *Princesa (three batts.); *1st Barcelona Light Infantry (one batt.); *1st Catalonian Light Infantry (one batt.); one company of sappers 159 5,135
Asturian Division: General Acevedo:
*Hibernia (two batts.); †Oviedo; ‡Castropol; ‡Grado; ‡Cangas de Onis; ‡Cangas de Tineo; ‡Lena; ‡Luarca; ‡Salas; ‡Villaviciosa 233 7,400
Reserve Brigade, General Mahy:
*Volunteers of the Crown (one batt.); *United Grenadiers (one batt.); †Militia Grenadiers (two batts.); ‡Batallon del General (one batt.) 90 2,935
Detached Troops on the line of communications—Reynosa, Burgos, Astorga:
*Saragossa (one batt.); *Buenos Ayres (one batt.); *Volunteers of the Crown (one batt.); †Santiago; †Tuy; †Salamanca; ‡Batallon del General (one batt.); and seven detached companies of various corps 181 5,577
Detached troops left with the Artillery Reserve:
†Betanzos; †Monterrey 40 900
Artillery Reserve (thirty-eight guns) 33 1,000
Total 1,288 42,690

N.B.—The four cavalry regiments from Denmark, Rey, Infante, Villaviciosa, and Almanza did not join Blake, being without horses, but marched on foot to Estremadura to get mounted. They had 147 officers and 2,252 men.

2. THE ARMY OF ARAGON.

General Joseph Palafox.

Men.
1st Division, General O’Neille:
*Spanish Guards (one batt.), 609; *Estremadura (one batt.), 600; *1st Volunteers of Aragon (one batt.), 1,141; ‡1st Light Infantry of Saragossa, 614; ‡4th Tercio of Aragon, 1,144; ‡2nd of Valencia, 869; ‡1st Volunteers of Murcia, 1,029; ‡2nd ditto, 968; ‡Huesca, 1,219; ‡Cazadores de Fernando VII (Aragonese), 386; ‡Suizos de Aragon, 825; ‡Escopeteros de Navarra, 227; *Dragoons ‘del Rey,’ 169; artillery, 79; sappers, 47.
Total 9,926
[From a return of Nov. 1, 1808, in the English Record Office.]
2nd Division, General Saint March:
*Volunteers of Castile (three batts.); †Soria; ‡Turia (three batts.); ‡Volunteers of Borbon (one batt.); ‡Alicante (three batts.); ‡Chelva (one batt.); ‡Cazadores de Fernando VII (Valencian) (one batt.); ‡Segorbe (one batt.); *Dragoons of Numancia (620 sabres); one company of sappers.
Total 9,060
[This total is from Vaughan’s diary. He was present when Palafox reviewed the division on Nov. 1, and took down the figures.]
3rd Division, General Conde de Lazan [detached to Catalonia, Nov. 10]:
‡1st Volunteers of Saragossa, 638; ‡3rd Volunteers of Aragon, 593; ‡Fernando VII de Aragon, 648; ‡Daroca, 503; ‡La Reunion, 1,286; ‡Reserva del General, 934; artillery, 64; one troop of cavalry (Cazadores de Fernando VII), 22.
Total 4,688
[The figures are from a table in Arteche, iii. 469.]
Reserve at Saragossa:
There was a mass of troops in the Aragonese capital which had not yet been brigaded, and in part had not even been armed or clothed in October. They included the following regiments at least: 2nd Volunteers of Aragon; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th Tercios of Aragon; 2nd Light Battalion of Saragossa; and the battalions of Calatayud, Doyle, Barbastro, Jaca, Tauste, Teruel, and Torrero; besides (in all probability) some eight or ten other corps which are found existing in December, when the second siege began, though they cannot be proved to have existed in October. In that month, however, there must have been at least 10,000 armed men in the Aragonese reserve, perhaps as many as 15,000.

Total of the Army of Aragon, at least 33,674 men, of which only 789 were cavalry.

3. ARMY OF ESTREMADURA.

General Galluzzo [afterwards the Conde de Belvedere].

Men.
1st Division, Conde de Belvedere: [afterwards General De Alos]
*Spanish Guards (4th batt.); *Majorca (two batts.); *2nd Light Infantry of Catalonia (one batt.); †Provincial Grenadiers (one batt.); one company of tirailleurs 4,160
Cavalry, *4th Hussars (‘Volunteers of Spain’) 360
Sappers, two companies; artillery, two batteries 408
2nd Division, General Henestrosa:
*Walloon Guards (4th batt.); ‡Badajoz (two batts.); ‡Valencia de Alcantara; ‡Zafra 3,300
Cavalry, 5th Hussars (Maria Luisa) 298
Sappers, two companies; artillery, two batteries 440
3rd Division, General Trias:
†Badajoz; ‡Truxillo (one batt.); ‡Merida; ‡La Serena 3,580
Cavalry, 2nd Hussars (Lusitania) 300

Total of the Army, 12,846, of which 958 were cavalry.

[N.B.—From the Madrid Gazette of Oct. 21, 1808, compared with the table in Arteche, iii. 496.]

4. ARMY OF THE CENTRE.

General CastaÑos.

Men.
1st Division, Conde de Villariezo:
*Walloon Guards (two batts.); *Reina (three batts.); *Corona (two batts.); *Jaen (three batts.); *Irlanda (three batts.); *Barbastro (one batt.); †Jaen (about) 8,500
Out of these fifteen battalions nine were detached to the rear in or about Madrid, and were not present on the Ebro.
2nd Division, General Grimarest:
*Ceuta (two batts.); Ordenes Militares (three batts.); †Truxillo; †Bujalance; †Cuenca; †Ciudad Real; ‡Tiradores de EspaÑa; ‡Volunteers of Catalonia; ‡Tiradores de Cadiz; ‡Carmona (about) 6,000
3rd Division, General Rengel:
*Cordova (two batts.); *Volunteers of Valencia (one batt.); *Campo Mayor (one batt.); †Toledo; †Burgos; †Alcazar; †Plasencia; †Guadix; †Seville no. 1; †Lorca; †Toro. (about) 6,500
Out of these thirteen battalions four were detached to the rear, and were not present on the Ebro.
4th Division, General La PeÑa:
*Africa (two batts.); *Burgos (two batts.); *Saragossa (one batt.); *Murcia (two batts.); †Provincial Grenadiers of Andalusia (two batts.); †Siguenza; ‡Navas de Tolosa; ‡Baylen; ‡5th Battalion of Seville (about) 7,500
5th [Murcian-Valencian] Division, General Roca [vice General Llamas]:
*Savoya(two batts.); *Valencia (three batts.); *America (three batts.); †Murcia; †Avila; ‡Liria; ‡Cazadores de Valencia (three batts.); ‡Orihuela (two batts.); Tiradores of Xativa and Cartagena (two companies); ‡PeÑas de San Pedro (about) 8,000
[One regiment was left at Aranjuez as guard to the Junta, with General Llamas in command.]
‘Army of Castile,’ General Pignatelli [after Oct. 30, General Cartaojal]:
*Cantabria (two batts.); †Leon Militia; ‡Grenadiers ‘del General’; ‡Cazadores de Cuenca; ‡1st, 2nd, and 3rd Volunteers of Leon; ‡1st, 2nd, and 3rd Tercios of Castile; ‡Tiradores de Castilla; ‡Volunteers of Benavente; ‡Volunteers of Zamora; ‡Volunteers of Ledesma (about) 11,000
The first-named four corps were made into a detached brigade under Cartaojal on Oct. 30: the others (except ‡Benavente in garrison at Burgos) were dispersed among the Andalusian divisions for misbehaviour at LogroÑo on Oct. 26.
Cavalry: *Farnesio; *Montesa; *Reina; *Olivenza; *Borbon; *EspaÑa; *Calatrava; *Santiago; *Sagunto; *Principe; *Pavia; *Alcantara. Very few of these regiments had more than three squadrons at the front, some only one. The total was not more than 3,500 sabres, even including one or two newly raised free-corps, of insignificant strength (about) 3,500

Total of the Army of the Centre, about 51,000 men, of whom only about 42,000 were on the Ebro: the remaining 9,000 were in or about Madrid, and were incorporated in San Juan’s ‘Army of Reserve.’

5. ARMY OF CATALONIA.

[Morning state of Nov. 5, 1808.]

General Vives.

Men.
Vanguard Division, Brigadier-General Alvarez:
*Ultonia, 300; *Borbon (one batt.), 500; *2nd of Barcelona, 1,000; *1st Swiss (Wimpfen) (one batt.), 400; ‡1st Tercio of Gerona, 900; ‡2nd ditto, 400; ‡Tercio of Igualada, 400; ‡ditto of Cervera, 400; ‡1st ditto of Tarragona, 800; ‡ditto of Figueras, 400 5,500
Cavalry, ‡Hussars of San Narciso 100
1st Division, General Conde de Caldagues:
*2nd Walloon Guards (one batt.), 314; *Soria (two batts.), 780; *Borbon (detachment), 151; *2nd of Savoia (two batts.), 1,734; *2nd Swiss (detachment), 270; ‡Tercio of Tortosa, 984; ‡Igualada and Cervera (detachments), 245; *sappers, 50 4,528
Cavalry: *Husares EspaÑoles (two squadrons), 220; ‡Cazadores de CataluÑa, 180 400
Artillery, one battery (six guns) 70
2nd Division, General Laguna:
†Provincial Grenadiers of Old Castile (two batts.), 972; †ditto of New Castile (two batts.), 924; ‡Volunteers of Saragossa, 150; sappers, 30 2,076
Cavalry, *Husares EspaÑoles 200
Artillery, one battery (seven guns) 84
3rd Division, General La Serna:
*Granada (two batts.), 961; ‡2nd Tercio of Tarragona, 922; ‡‘Division of Arzu,’ 325; ‡CompaÑias Sueltas, 250 2,458
4th Division, General Milans:
‡1st Tercio of Lerida, 872; ‡ditto of Vich, 976; ‡ditto of Manresa, 937; ‡ditto of VallÉs, 925 3,710
Reserve:
*Spanish Guards, 60; *Grenadiers of Soria, 188; *ditto of Wimpfen, 169; General’s bodyguard, 340; sappers, 20 777
Cavalry, *Husares EspaÑoles 80
Artillery (four guns) 50

Total of the Army, 20,033, of which 780 are cavalry.

These five armies formed the front line. Their total strength was 151,243, if the 9,000 men left behind at Madrid are deducted.

TROOPS IN THE SECOND LINE.

1. ARMY OF GRANADA [MARCHING TOWARDS CATALONIA].

General Reding.

Men.
1st Division:
*2nd Swiss (Reding), 1,000; ‡1st Regiment of Granada [alias Iliberia] (two batts.), 2,400; ‡Baza (two batts.), 2,400; ‡Almeria, (two batts.), 2,400 8,200
2nd Division:
‡Santa FÉ (two batts.), 2,400; ‡Antequera (one batt.), 1,200; ‡Loxa (two batts.), 2,400 6,000
Cavalry, ‡Hussars of Granada 670
Artillery (six guns) 130
Total of the Army 15,000

N.B.—This return is from a dispatch from Granada in the Madrid Gazette of Oct. 28, corroborated by another of Nov. 5, announcing the arrival of the force at Murcia.

2. GALICIAN RESERVES.

Officers. Men.
Detached Troops in garrison in Galicia:
*Majorca (one batt.); *Leon (one batt.); *Aragon (one batt.) 77 2,010
Detached troops on the Portuguese frontier:
*Leon (one batt.); †Orense; and four detached companies 48 1,600
Total 125 3,610

3. ASTURIAN RESERVES.

[N.B.—This force is exclusive of the troops under Acevedo in the Army of Blake. The numbers are from a morning state of December.]

Men.
Detached Troops in garrison in Galicia:
‡Covadonga,360; ‡Don Carlos, 335; ‡Ferdinand VII, 316; ‡Gihon, 586; ‡Infiesto, 489; ‡Llanes, 420; ‡Luanco, 400; ‡Navia, 528; ‡Pravia, 581; ‡Riva de Sella, 685; ‡Siero, 585.
Total 5,285

4. ARMY OF RESERVE OF MADRID.

N.B.—This force, which fought at the Somosierra, consisted of parts of the Armies of Andalusia and Estremadura; its numbers have already been counted among the troops of those armies.

General San Juan.

Men.
From the 1st Division of Andalusia:
*Walloon Guards (one batt.), 500; *Reina (two batts.), 927; *Jaen (two batts.), 1,300; *Irlanda (two batts.), 1,186; *Corona (two batts.), 1,039 4,952
From the 3rd Division of Andalusia:
*Cordova (two batts.), 1,300; †Toledo, 500; †Alcazar, 500; ‡3rd of Seville, 400 2,700
From the Army of Estremadura:
‡Badajoz (remains of two batts.) 566
Castilian Levies:
‡1st Volunteers of Madrid (two batts.), 1,500; ‡2nd ditto, 1,500 3,000
Cavalry:
*Principe, 200; *Alcantara, 100; *Montesa, 100; ‡Volunteers of Madrid, 200 600
Artillery (twenty-two guns) 300
Total 12,118

N.B.—Of this force the following battalions fled to Madrid, and afterwards joined the Army of the Centre:—1st Volunteers of Madrid, Corona, half 3rd of Seville, Reina, Alcazar. The following fled to Segovia, and joined the Army of Estremadura:—Jaen, Irlanda, Toledo, Badajoz, 2nd Volunteers of Madrid, Walloon Guards, and half 3rd of Seville.

5. ESTREMADURAN RESERVES.

[Left in garrison at Badajoz, when the three divisions of Galluzzo marched to Madrid.]

Men.
‡Leales de Fernando VII (three batts.), 2,256; ‡Plasencia (one batt.), 1,200; ‡Badajoz (one batt.), 752 4,208
Cavalry: ‡Cazadores of Llerena, 200? Cazadores of Toledo, 200? 400
Total 4,608

[For these forces compare Madrid Gazette of Oct. 21, giving organization of the Army of Estremadura, with the list of troops which marched forward to Burgos in first section of this Appendix. The above regiments remained behind, and are found in existence in Cuesta’s army next spring. See Appendix to vol. ii giving his forces.]

6. BALEARIC ISLES.

There apparently remained in garrison in the Balearic Isles, in November, the following troops:—

Men.
*4th Swiss (Beschard) (two batts.), 2,121; *Granada (one batt.), 222; *Soria (one batt.), 413; †Majorca, 604
Total 3,360

7. MURCIAN AND VALENCIAN RESERVES.

[Mostly on the march to Saragossa in November, 1808. The figures mainly from a return of Jan. 1 are too low for the November strength.]

Men.
*5th Swiss (Traxler), 1,757; ‡1st Tiradores de Murcia, 813; ‡2nd ditto, 124; ‡3rd Volunteers of Murcia, 1,151; ‡5th ditto, 1,077; ‡Florida-Blanca, 352; ‡3rd of Valencia (figures wanting;? 500)
Total 5,774

8. ANDALUSIAN RESERVES.

Men.
*EspaÑa (three batts.), 1,039; †Jerez, 574; †Malaga, 401; †Ronda, 574; †Ecija, 589
Total 3,177
‡2nd of Seville, 500; ‡4th ditto, 433; ‡Cazadores of Malaga (one batt.), 1,200; ‡Velez Malaga (three batts.), 2,400; ‡2nd of Antequera (one batt.), 1,200; ‡Osuna (two batts.), 1,061
Total 6,794

In addition, the following regular regiments had each, as it would seem, left the cadre of one battalion behind in Andalusia to recruit, before marching to the Ebro to join CastaÑos:—Africa, Burgos, Cantabria, Ceuta, Corona, Cordova, Murcia. What the total of their numbers may have been in November and December, it is impossible to say—perhaps 400 each may be allowed, giving a total of 2,800. Of cavalry regiments there must have been in existence in Andalusia the nucleus of the following new regiments:—‡Tejas; ‡MontaÑas de Cordova; ‡Granada. Their force was trifling—a single squadron, or at most two. If we give them 600 men in all, we shall probably be not far wrong. Several regular cavalry regiments had left the cadre of one or two squadrons behind.

The existence of all these regiments in November—December can be proved. The 2nd and 4th of Seville reached Madrid in time to join in its defence against Napoleon, and then fled to join the Army of the Centre. The figures given are their January strengths, when they had already suffered severely. The Malaga regiment’s figure is from Madrid Gazette of Nov. 29, recording its march out to Granada. The militia battalions Jerez, Malaga, Ronda, Ecija were all in existence in June, they did not march to the Ebro, and are found in the Army of the Centre in the spring of 1809. EspaÑa was apparently in garrison at Ceuta, and only brought up to the front early in 1809. Velez Malaga, 2nd of Antequera, and Osuna are first heard of under Del Palacio in January, 1809. They must have been raised by December at the latest.

The total of the Andalusian reserves accounted for in this table is 13,371, but no such number could have been sent forward in December, as many of the battalions were not properly armed, much less uniformed. But some of the volunteers, all the militia, and the regular regiment EspaÑa—perhaps 6,000 or 7,000 in all—should have been at Madrid by Dec. 1. Only 1,000 bayonets actually reached it before Napoleon’s arrival.

It would seem then that the second line of the Spanish Army consisted of something like the following numbers:—

Men.
Army of Reserve of Madrid 12,118
Reding’s Granadan Divisions 15,000
Galician Reserves 3,610
Asturian Reserves 5,285
Estremaduran Reserves 4,608
Balearic Isles Reserves 3,360
Murcian and Valencian Reserves 5,774
Andalusian Reserves 13,371
Cavalry from Denmark, in march for Estremadura 2,252
Total 65,378

Some of the battalions (e.g. the Valencians and Murcians who went to Saragossa) must have been much stronger in December; on the other hand, others (e.g. the Estremadurans) are probably over-estimated: they showed no such figures as those given above, when they took the field early in 1809.

N.B.—In several armies, notably in those of Aragon and the Centre, there are doubtful points. It is impossible to speak with certainty of the number of battalions which some corps took to the front. It will be noted that all the numbers given are much larger than those attributed by Napier (i. 504) to the Spanish armies. I have worked from detailed official figures, the greater part of which seem perfectly trustworthy.


XII

THE FRENCH ARMY OF SPAIN

IN NOVEMBER, 1808.

N.B.—The distribution of the regiments is that of November. The detailed strength of the corps, however, comes from an October return, and there had been several changes at the end of that month.

1st Corps. Marshal Victor, Duke of Belluno.

1st Division (Ruffin):
9th LÉger, three batts.
24th of the Line, three batts.
96th of the Line, four batts.
2nd Division (Lapisse):
16th LÉger, three batts.
8th of the Line, three batts.
45th of the Line, three batts.
54th of the Line, three batts.
3rd Division (Villatte):
27th LÉger, three batts.
63rd of the Line, three batts.
94th of the Line, three batts.
95th of the Line, three batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Beaumont):
2nd Hussars.
26th Chasseurs.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 33,937 men, of whom 2,201 were detached, and 2,939 in hospital. The 4th Hussars, originally belonging to this corps, was transferred to the 3rd Corps by November.

2nd Corps. Marshal BessiÈres: after Nov. 9, Marshal Soult.

1st Division (Mouton, afterwards Merle):
2nd LÉger, three batts.
4th LÉger, three batts.
15th of the Line, three batts.
36th of the Line, three batts.
[Garde de Paris, one batt.]
2nd Division (Merle, afterwards Mermet):
31st LÉger, three batts.
47th of the Line, two batts.
70th of the Line, one batt.
86th of the Line, one batt.
1st Supply. Regt.
of the Legions
of Reserve
2nd ditto
} = 122nd of the
Line, four batts.
2nd Swiss Regiment, one batt.
3rd Swiss Regiment, one batt.
3rd Division (Bonnet):
13th Prov. Regt.
14th Prov. Regt.
} = 119th of the
Line, four batts.
17th Prov. Regt.
18th Prov. Regt.
} = 120th of the
Line, four batts.
Corps Cavalry (Division Lasalle):
9th Dragoons (transferred from Milhaud).
10th Chasseurs.
22nd Chasseurs.

Lasalle, with the 9th Dragoons and 10th Chasseurs, was detached after Gamonal (Nov. 10) and replaced by Franceschi’s division. The corps received in January a reinforcement of twenty-two battalions from the dissolved 8th Corps, which formed two new divisions under Delaborde and Heudelet.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 33,054 men, of whom 7,394 were detached and 5,536 in hospital.

3rd Corps. Marshal Moncey, Duke of Conegliano.

1st Division (Maurice Mathieu,
afterwards Grandjean):
14th of the Line, four batts.
44th of the Line, three batts.
70th of the Line, one batt.
2nd of the Vistula, two batts.
3rd of the Vistula, two batts.
2nd Division (Musnier):
1st Prov. Regt.
2nd Prov. Regt.
} = 114th of the
Line, four batts.
3rd Prov. Regt.
4th Prov. Regt.
} = 115th of the
Line, four batts.
[One Westphalian batt.]
3rd Division (Morlot):
5th Prov. Regt. { = 116th of the
Line, four batts.
9th Prov. Regt.
10th Prov. Regt.
} = 117th of the
Line, four batts.
[One Prussian batt.]
[One Irish batt.]
4th Division (Grandjean):
5th LÉger, three batts.
2nd Legion of Reserve, four batts.
1st of the Vistula, two batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Wathier):
1st Provisional Cuirassiers (= 13th Cuirassiers).
1st Provisional Hussars.
2nd Provisional Light Cavalry (Hussars
and Chasseurs).

Grandjean’s division (No. 4) was afterwards absorbed in Morlot’s [December], with the exception of the 1st of the Vistula, sent to join Musnier. The cavalry was afterwards strengthened by the 4th Hussars from the 1st Corps. The 121st of the Line (four batts.) arrived in December, and joined Morlot. The battalions in square brackets were left behind in the garrisons of Biscay and Navarre.

The gross total of the corps on Oct. 10 was 37,690 men, of whom 11,082 were detached in garrisons, &c. and 7,522 in hospital.

4th Corps. Marshal Lefebvre, Duke of Dantzig.

1st Division (Sebastiani):
28th of the Line, three batts.
32nd of the Line, three batts.
58th of the Line, three batts.
75th of the Line, three batts.
2nd Division (Leval):
Nassau Contingent, two batts.
Baden Contingent, two batts.
Hesse-Darmstadt Contingent, two batts.
Frankfort Contingent, one batt.
Dutch Contingent, two batts.
3rd Division (Valence):
4th of the Vistula, two batts.
7th of the Vistula, two batts.
9th of the Vistula, two batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Maupetit):
5th Dragoons.
3rd Dutch Hussars.
Westphalian Chevaux-LÉgers.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 22,895 men, of whom 955 were detached and 2,170 in hospital.

5th Corps. Marshal Mortier, Duke of Treviso.

1st Division (Suchet):
17th LÉger, three batts.
34th of the Line, four batts.
40th of the Line, three batts.
64th of the Line, three batts.
88th of the Line, three batts.
2nd Division (Gazan):
21st LÉger, three batts.
28th LÉger, three batts.
100th of the Line, three batts.
103rd of the Line, three batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Delaage):
10th Hussars.
21st Chasseurs.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 24,552 men, of whom 188 were detached and 1,971 in hospital.

6th Corps. Marshal Ney, Duke of Elchingen.

1st Division (Marchand):
6th of the Line, three batts.
39th of the Line, three batts.
69th of the Line, three batts.
76th of the Line, three batts.
2nd Division (Lagrange,
afterwards Maurice Mathieu):
25th LÉger, four batts.
27th of the Line, three batts.
50th of the Line, four batts.
59th of the Line, three batts.
Corps Cavalry (Brigade Colbert):
3rd Hussars.
15th Chasseurs.

The gross total on Oct. 10 was 38,033 men, of whom 3,381 were detached and 5,051 in hospital. This total, however, includes a division under Mermet, whose battalions were transferred to the 2nd and 3rd Corps, when the campaign began in November. The 6th Corps, including its cavalry and artillery, had probably not more than 20,000 net when it took the field in its final form.

7th Corps. General Gouvion St. Cyr.

1st Division (Chabran):
2nd of the Line, one batt.
7th of the Line, two batts.
10th of the Line, one batt.
37th of the Line, one batt.
56th of the Line, one batt.
93rd of the Line, one batt.
2nd Swiss, one batt.
2nd Division (General Lecchi):
2nd Italian Line Regt., one batt.
4th Italian Line Regt., one batt.
5th Italian Line Regt., one batt.
Italian Chasseurs (Velites), one batt.
1st Neapolitan Line Regt., two batts.
3rd Division (Reille):
32nd LÉger, one batt.
16th of the Line, one batt.
56th of the Line, one batt.
113th of the Line, two batts.
Prov. Regt. of Perpignan, four batts.
5th Legion of Reserve, one batt.
Chasseurs des Montagnes, one batt.
Battalion of the Valais, one batt.
4th Division (Souham):
1st LÉger, three batts.
3rd LÉger, one batt.
7th of the Line, two batts.
42nd of the Line, three batts.
67th of the Line, one batt.
5th Division (Pino):
1st Italian Light Regt., three batts.
2nd Italian Light Regt., three batts.
4th Italian Line Regt., two batts.
5th Italian Line Regt., one batt.
6th Italian Line Regt., three batts.
7th Italian Line Regt., one batt.
6th Division (Chabot):
2nd Neapolitan Line Regt., two batts.
Chasseurs of the PyrÉnÉes Orientales, one batt.
Corps Cavalry:
Brigade BessiÈres:
3rd Provisional Cuirassiers.
3rd Provisional Chasseurs.
Brigade Schwartz:
Italian Chasseurs of the Prince Royal.
2nd Neapolitan Chasseurs.
Brigade Fontane:
Italian Royal Chasseurs.
7th Italian Dragoons.
Unattached Regiment:
24th Dragoons.

The gross total of this corps on Oct. 10 was 42,382 men, of whom 1,302 were detached and 4,948 in hospital. But this does not include several regiments which did not join St. Cyr from Italy till long after the date of the return. In January, 1809, he had 41,386 men present with the colours, and 6,589 in hospital, besides 543 prisoners. There had also been considerable losses in the fighting. Probably the corps in November—December was well over 50,000 strong.

8th Corps. General Junot, Duke of Abrantes.

Dissolved in December, 1808. The troops were drafted as follows:—

1st Division (Delaborde):
15th of the Line, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Merle’s Div., 2nd Corps.
47th of the Line, two batts., drafted to join its regt. in Mermet’s Div., 2nd Corps.
70th of the Line, three batts., received one more batt. from Mermet’s Div.
86th of the Line, two batts., received one more batt. from Mermet’s Div.
4th Swiss, one batt.
This division, therefore, in January, 1809, consisted of four battalions 70th, three battalions 86th, and one battalion 4th Swiss. It was sent to join Soult, and strengthened by three battalions of the 17th LÉger, thus having eleven battalions at Corunna.
2nd Division (Loison):
2nd LÉger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Merle’s Div., 2nd Corps.
4th LÉger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Merle’s Div., 2nd Corps.
12th LÉger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Dessolles’ Div.
15th LÉger, one batt.
32nd of the Line, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Sebastiani’s Div., 4th Corps.
58th of the Line, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Sebastiani’s Div., 4th Corps.
2nd Swiss, one batt., drafted to join the batt. in Mermet’s Div., 2nd Corps.
The remaining battalion of this division, that of the 15th LÉger, was drafted to join Heudelet’s Division, and became part of the 2nd Corps.
3rd Division (Heudelet):
31st LÉger, one batt., drafted to join its regt. in Mermet’s Div. of 2nd Corps.
32nd LÉger, one batt.
26th of the Line, two batts.
66th of the Line, two batts.
82nd of the Line, one batt.
LÉgion du Midi, one batt.
Hanoverian Legion, one batt.

N.B.—The last-named eight battalions, afterwards joined by one from Loison’s Division, were formed into the 4th Division of the 2nd Corps.

The whole corps cavalry of the 8th Corps was composed of provisional regiments, which were dissolved, and sent to join their units.

The 8th Corps on Oct. 10 had a gross total of 25,730 men, of whom 2,137 were detached, and 3,523 in hospital.

RESERVE.

(1) Independent Reserve Division (General Dessolles):
12th LÉger, three batts.
43rd of the Line, three batts.
51st of the Line, three batts.
55th of the Line, three batts.
(2) Guards of the King of Spain (General Saligny):
Four battalions of Infantry.
One regiment of Cavalry.
(Two regiments, mainly Spanish deserters,
were added in January.)

The total is confused in the return of Oct. 10 with that of the Imperial Guard, and includes also some regiments left in garrison in the north, e.g. the 118th of the Line; including these the Reserve amounted to 13,000 men.

RESERVE OF CAVALRY.

Division of Dragoons, Latour-Maubourg:
Brigades Oldenbourg, Perreimond, Digeon.
1st, 2nd, 4th, 14th, 20th, and 26th Dragoons.
The gross total of the division on Oct. 10 was 3,695 sabres.
Division of Dragoons, Milhaud:
The 12th, 16th, and 21st Dragoons.
(The 5th and 9th Dragoons, originally belonging to this division, were transferred to Lefebvre and Lasalle respectively.)
The gross total of the division on Oct. 10 was 2,940 sabres, probably including one of the transferred regiments.
Division of Dragoons, Lahoussaye:
Brigades D’Avenay and Marisy. (On D’Avenay being transferred to an independent provisional brigade, Caulaincourt replaces him.)
17th, 18th, 19th, and 27th Dragoons.
The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 2,020 sabres.
Division of Dragoons, Lorges:
Brigades Vialannes and Fournier.
13th, 15th, 22nd, and 25th Dragoons.
The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 3,101 sabres.
Division of Dragoons, Millet (Kellermann after Jan. 1809):
3rd, 6th, 10th, and 11th Dragoons.
The gross total of this division on Oct. 10 was 2,903 sabres.
Division of Light Cavalry, Franceschi:
Brigades Debelle and Girardin (?).
8th Dragoons.
22nd Chasseurs À Cheval.
‘Supplementary Regiment’ of Chasseurs À Cheval.
Hanoverian Chevaux-LÉgers.
The Provisional Chasseurs were dissolved in Jan. 1809, and replaced by the 1st Hussars. The 22nd belonged to the original corps-cavalry of Soult.
The numbers of this division (which had not yet been put together on October 10) seem unobtainable, save that the 1st Hussars was 712 strong. Probably Franceschi’s total would be about 2,400 sabres.

IMPERIAL GUARD.

Infantry:

Two regiments of Grenadiers (four batts.), two regiments of Chasseurs (four batts.), two regiments of Fusiliers (six batts.).

Cavalry:

One regiment each of Chasseurs À Cheval, Grenadiers, Dragoons, Gendarmes d’Élite, Polish Light Horse, one squadron of Mamelukes. 36 guns.

The total was about 8,000 infantry and 3,500 horse, with 600 gunners.

N.B.—A few late-coming regiments, and a few units not attached to any division, are not included in the above tables, e.g. the 118th, 121st, and 122nd Regiments of the Line, and the 27th Chasseurs. Nor are there included the dÉpÔt of undistributed conscripts at Bayonne, nor the battalions of National Guards forming movable columns inside the French frontier. But the 19,371 artillery of the army are included in the corps, divisions, and brigades.

GROSS TOTAL OF THE WHOLE ON OCTOBER 10.

Total. Detached. Hospital
or missing.
Effective
present.
1st Corps 33,937 2,201 2,939 28,797
2nd Corps 33,054 7,394 5,536 20,124
3rd Corps 37,690 11,082 7,522 19,086
4th Corps 22,895 955 2,170 19,770
5th Corps 24,552 188 1,971 22,393
6th Corps 38,033 3,381 5,051 29,601
7th Corps 42,382 1,302 4,948 36,132
8th Corps 25,730 2,137 3,523 20,070
Reserve Cavalry 17,059 } 3,533 3,945 34,801
Imperial Guard 12,100
Reserve of Infantry (Dessolles, Joseph’s Guards, &c.) 13,120
Troops on the march from Germany not distributed to the corps 5,200 363 74 4,763
Columns inside the French frontier (National Guards) 8,860 107 165 8,588
314,612 32,643 37,844 244,125

Exclusive of the dÉpÔt of conscripts at Bayonne.


XIII

SIR JOHN MOORE’S ARMY:
ITS STRENGTH AND ITS LOSSES.

N.B.—The first column gives the strength of each of Baird’s regiments on Oct. 2, and of Moore’s regiments on Oct. 15, deducting from the latter men left behind in Portugal. The second column gives the men present with the colours on Dec. 19, but not those in hospital or ‘on command’ on that day. These last amounted on Dec. 19 to 3,938 and 1,687 respectively. The third column gives the numbers disembarked in England in January.

Total
strength in
Oct. 1808.
Effective
strength
present
on Dec. 19,
1808.
Disembarked
in England
in Jan. 1809.
Deficiency.
Cavalry (Lord Paget)
7th Hussars 672 497 575 97[751]
10th Hussars 675 514 651 24
15th Hussars 674 527 650 24
18th Light Dragoons 624 565 547 77
3rd Light Dragoons K.G.L. 433 347 377 56
3,078 2,450 2,800 278
1st Division (Sir D. Baird).
Warde’s Brigade:
1st Foot Guards, 1st batt. 1,340 1,300 1,266 74
1st Foot Guards, 2nd batt. 1,102 1,027 1,036 66
Bentinck’s Brigade:
4th Foot, 1st batt. 889 754 740 149
42nd Foot, 1st batt. 918 880 757 161
50th Foot, 1st batt. 863 794 599 264
Bentinck’s Brigade:
1st Foot, 3rd batt. 723 597 507 216
26th Foot, 1st batt. 870 745 662 208
81st Foot, 2nd batt. 719 615 478 241
7,424 6,712 6,045 1,379
2nd Division (Sir J. Hope).
Leith’s Brigade:
51st Foot 613 516 506 107
59th Foot, 2nd batt. 640 557 497 143
76th Foot 784 654 614[752] 170
[Estimate]
Hill’s Brigade:
2nd Foot 666 616 461 205
5th Foot, 1st batt. 893 833 654 239
14th Foot, 2nd batt. 630 550 492 138
32nd Foot, 1st batt. 806 756 619 187
5,032 4,482 3,843 1,189
Catlin Crawfurd’s Brigade:
36th Foot, 1st batt. 804 736 561 243
71st Foot, 1st batt. 764 724 626 138
92nd Foot, 1st batt. 912 900 783 129
2,480 2,360 1,970 510
3rd Division (Lt.-Gen. Fraser).
Beresford’s Brigade:
6th Foot, 1st batt. 882 783 491 391
9th Foot, 1st batt. 945 607 572 373
23rd Foot, 2nd batt. 590 496 418 172
43rd Foot, 2nd batt. 598 411 368 230
Fane’s Brigade:
38th Foot, 1st batt. 900 823 757 143
79th Foot, 1st batt. 932 838 777 155
82nd Foot, 1st batt. 830 812 602 228
5,677 4,770 3,985 1,692
Reserve Division (Maj.-Gen. E. Paget).
Anstruther’s Brigade:
20th Foot 541 499 428 113
52nd Foot, 1st batt. 862 828 719 143
95th Foot, 1st batt. 863 820 706 157
Disney’s Brigade:
28th Foot, 1st batt. 926 750 624 302
91st Foot, 1st batt. 746 698 534 212
3,938 3,595 3,011 927
1st Flank-Brigade (Col. R. Crawfurd).
43rd Foot, 1st batt. 895 817 810 85
52nd Foot, 2nd batt. 623 381 462 161
95th Foot, 2nd batt. 744 702 648 96
2,262 1,900 1,920 342
2nd Flank-Brigade (Brig.-Gen. C. Alten).
1st Lt. Batt. K.G.L. 871 803 708 163[753]
2nd Lt. Batt. K.G.L. 880 855 618 262[754]
1,751 1,658 1,326 425
Artillery, &c. 1,455 1,297 1,200 255[755]
Staff Corps 137 133 99 38
Total 33,234 29,357 26,199 7,035

It will be noted that if to the 29,357 of the second column there are added the 3,938 sick and the 1,687 men ‘on command,’ the gross total of the army on Dec. 19 must have been 34,982, a figure which exceeds that at the bottom of the first column. It would seem, therefore, that about 1,748 men in small detachments joined the army at Salamanca and elsewhere before Dec. 19. They must represent drafts and convoy-escorts coming up from Portugal. The apparent deficiency for the campaign therefore is 8,783. But it must not be supposed that these 8,783 men were all lost between Salamanca and Corunna: from them we must deduct (1) the 296 casualties by shipwreck while returning to England; (2) 589 rank and file who escaped individually to Portugal, and were then enrolled (along with the convalescent sick left behind by Moore’s regiments) in the two ‘battalions of detachments’ which fought at Talavera; (3) the number of sick discharged from Salamanca on to Portugal in the convoys escorted by the 5/60th and 3rd Regiments. I can nowhere find the number of these invalids stated, but it must have been large, as the total of the sick belonging to the whole army was nearly 4,000 in December. It will be a very modest estimate if we give 1,500 for those of them who were at Salamanca, the head quarters hospital of the army, and were capable of being moved back to Portugal.

We may therefore deduct under these three heads about 2,385 men. This figure taken from 8,783 leaves 6,398 for the real loss in the campaign.

But even from this total 400 more must be deducted, for 400 British convalescents were released by the Galician insurgents from French captivity and sent back to Lisbon in the spring of 1809. [‘Further papers relative to Spain and Portugal,’ p. 7 in Parliamentary Papers for 1809.]

On the whole, then, about 5,998 men were actually lost. Napier’s estimate of 3,233 (i. 502) for the total loss is certainly too low. Of these 2,189 were prisoners sent to France. [Schepeler, ‘Table of prisoners sent to France, 1809-13’ on p. 150.] The remaining 3,809 perished in battle, by the road, or in hospital.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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