@files@47753@47753-h@47753-h-26.htm.html#Page_288" class="pginternal">288;

by Charles I., 364

— IX. of France, orders Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 332

— X. of France, deposed, 647

Charles V., Emperor, allied to Henry VIII., 286;

his wars in Italy, 291;

abdication of, 320

— VI., Emperor (Archduke Charles), claims the Spanish crown, 458;

becomes Emperor, 477;

dies, 500

— VII., Emperor, his wars with Austria, 500-502

Charles II. of Spain, declares Philip of Anjou his heir, 458

— III. of Spain, makes war on England, 535, 548

— IV. of Spain, deposed by Napoleon, 613

Charles XII. of Sweden, his dealings with Marlborough, 470;

supports the Jacobites, 490

Charlotte, Princess, marriage and death of, 639

Charter, the Great, 130, 131;

confirmed by Edward I., 166

Chartist agitation, 660, 663, 670

Chatham, first Earl of. See William Pitt

—, second Earl of, his expedition to Walcheren, 618

Chicheley, Archbishop, urges war with France, 221

Chillianwallah, battle of, 743

China, first war with, 661;

second war with, 693

Christianity, in early Britain, 13;

brought to the Saxons by Augustine, 23, 24;

in northern Britain, 25, 27

Churchill. See Marlborough

Clarence, Edward of, Earl of Warwick, beheaded by Henry VII., 277

—, George, Duke of, conspires against Edward IV., 256;

executed, 263

—, Thomas, Duke of, slain at BeaugÉ, 229

—, William, Duke of. See William IV.

Clarendon, Constitutions of, 102

—, Edward Hyde, Lord, minister of Charles II., 425;

his fall, 428

Claudius, Emperor, invades Britain, 5

Claverhouse, John Graham of, Viscount Dundee, leads Scottish

Jacobites, 448

Clement VII., Pope, his action on the divorce of Henry VIII., 291-294

Clericis Laicos, the Bull, 165

Clive, Robert Lord, his victories in British India, 519;

conquers Bengal, 530;

his second governorship in Bengal, 566

Clyde, Colin Campbell, Lord, in Crimea, 684;

suppresses Indian Mutiny, 748

Cnut, his war with Eadmund Ironside, 54;

his reign, 55

Coalition Ministry, the, 558;

its fall, 559

Cobden regency, 264

— of York, heiress of Edward IV., 269;

marries Henry VII., 273

—, Queen, birth of, 294;

imprisoned by Mary, 320;

accession, 322;

religious policy of, 323-326;

troubles with Mary of Scotland, 327, 328;

foreign policy, 330;

her prosperous rule, 333;

war with Spain, 335, 341;

the "Elizabethan Age," 343-349;

her Irish policy, 345;

dies, 348

—, daughter of James I., marries Elector Palatine, 358

Ellenborough, Lord, Governor-General of India, 741

Elliot, General, defends Gibraltar, 552

Emancipation, Catholic, Pitt's scheme for, 590, 591;

vetoed by George III., 596;

again, 609;

granted by Wellington, 646

Emmet, Robert, his rebellion, 603

Empson, Richard, minister of Henry VII., 273;

beheaded by Henry VIII., 283

English, coming of the, to Britain, 14;

social organization of the, 20, 21;

religion of the, 22;

receive Christianity, 23

Enniskillen, siege of, 451

Essex, kingdom of East Saxons, 16

—, Robert Devereux, Earl of, his expedition to Cadiz, 341;

to Ireland, 347;

his intrigues and execution, 348

—, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, his divorce, 356;

leader of Parliamentarians, 379;

at Edgehill, 383, 384;

at Newbury, 387;

capitulates at Lostwithiel, 392;

removed by "Self-denying Ordinance," 393

—, Frances, Countess of, poisons Sir T. Overbury, 356

Ethandun, battle of, 39

EugÉne of Savoy, commands Austrian army, 463;

joins Marlborough before Blenheim, 456;

his campaigns in Italy, 469-470

Eustace of Boulogne, 58

Evesham, battle of, 145, 146

Excise Bill of Walpole, 495

Exclusion Bill, the, 433, 434

Exeter, taken by West Saxons, < @47753-h@47753-h-56.htm.html#Page_722" class="pginternal">722;

dies, 726

Glencoe, massacre h@47753-h-46.htm.html#Page_591" class="pginternal">591;

the Union with England, 591;

Emmet's rebellion, 603;

O'Connell's agitation for Catholic Emancipation, 646;

the Repeal movement, 648;

the tithe war, 656;

the Young Ireland party, 664;

the potato famine, 668;

Smith O'Brien's rising, 669;

Fenianism, 704;

Gladstone's Irish Church Bill, 706;

his Land Act, 706;

the Home Rule agitation, 709;

the Irish parliamentary party, 715;

dealings of the second Gladstone cabinet with Ireland, 716;

Home Rule promised to, by Gladstone, 717;

rejected, 718;

second Home Rule Bill rejected, 722

Ireton, Henry, Parliamentary general, 404

Isabella of France, wife of Edward II., 179;

deposes him, 180;

imprisoned by her son, 181

Jacobins, in France, 581;

their atrocities, 582, 583

Jacobites, the, their strength, 448, 449;

conspire against William of Orange, 456;

intrigues of, at death of Queen Anne, 479;

raise the rebellion of 1715, 486, 487;

raise the rebellion of 1745, 504, 505;

gradual decay of, 509, 534

Jacquerie, the, 193

Jamaica taken by Cromwell, 415

James I., becomes King of Scotland, 328;

accession to English throne, 350;

his character, 351;

religious policy, 352;

disputes with the Commons, 355;

subservience to Spain, 357;

ruled by his favourites, 356-358;

dies, 361

— II., attacked, in Exclusion Bill, 431;

his accession, 436;

character and policy, 437-439, 440;

his tyranny, 441-443;

his panic at invasion of William, 443;

flies to France, 444;

his campaign in Ireland, 450, 451;

dies, 476; dies, 486

Lewis XV. of France, joins Family Compact, 496;

makes war on Maria Theresa, 501, 503;

engages in Seven Years' War, 522

— XVI. of France, aids American rebels, 548;

summons States-General, 574;

his flight to Varennes, 578;

execution, 581

— XVIII. of France, restored to throne, 622;

expelled by Bonaparte, 628;

second restoration of, 631

Limerick, siege of, 452

Lincoln, taken by Edward the Elder, 45;

battle of, 134

—, Abraham, President of the United States, 696

—, John de la Pole, Earl of, declared heir of Richard III., 269;

rebels against Henry VII., 273;

slain at Stoke, 274

Lindsey, Lord, Royalist general, 382

Lisle, Alice, Lady, executed, 438

Liverpool, Robert Jenkinson, Earl of, prime minister, 622;

reactionary policy of, 637;

dealings with Reform agitation, 640;

takes Canning into partnership, 641;

retires, 644

Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales, 143;

defeated by Edward I., 155;

last rebellion and death of, 156

Locke, John, persecuted by Charles II., 440

Lollards, followers of Wicliffe, 199;

communistic doctrines of, 203;

power of, 209;

persecuted by Henry IV., 219;

by Henry V., 220

London, sacked by Boadicea, 6;

taken by East Saxons, 16;

taken by Danes, 38;

besieged by Swegen, 54;

taken by William the Conqueror, 67;

receives a charter from Henry I., 88;

expels Queen Matilda, 95;

Longbeard's riots in, 121;

sides with the barons, 142;

opposes Charles I., 381;

Great Plague of, 427;

Great Fire of, 427;

Gordon riots in, 551;

Parliamentary reform in, 650;

riots in, 639;

Chartists in, 670

Londonderry. See Derry

Long Parliament, the. See Parliament

Longchamp, William, justiciar of Richard I., 115;

expelled from England, relations of, with Edward the Confessor, 57, 58;

united to England, 67;

conquered by William II., 84;

conquered by Henry I., 90;

lost by John, 124;

conquered by Henry V., 227;

reconquered by the French, 242

North, Frederick, Lord, minister of George III., 544;

his scheme for taxing America, 545;

brings on American war, 547;

resigns, 552;

takes office with Fox, 557;

dismissed by George III., 559

Northampton, council of, 103;

battle of, 250

Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of, rebels against Henry IV., 216;

slain at Bramham Moor, 217

—, Thomas Percy, Earl of, heads rising in the North, 329, 330

—, John Dudley, Duke of, minister of Edward VI., 308;

Protector, 310;

proclaims Lady Jane Grey queen, 313;

executed, 315

Northumbria, kingdom of, 17;

conversion of, 25;

supremacy of, in Britain, 27;

overrun by Danes, 36;

reconquered by Athelstan, 46

Nova Scotia, ceded to England, 476;

joins Dominion of Canada, 755

Nuncomar (Nandukumar) executed by Impey, 567

Oates, Titus, invents Popish Plot, 432

O'Brien, Smith, his rebellion, 669, 670

O'Connell, Daniel, leader of Irish party, 646;

enters Parliament, 647;

his tithe war, 657, 658;

agitates for repeal, 658, 664;

his power declines, 664

O'Connor, Feargus, Chartist leader, 660;

his abortive demonstration, 670

Oda, Archbishop of Canterbury, 48

Odo of Bayeux, regent for William I., 69;

imprisoned by William I., 77;

rebels against William II., 82

Offa, King of Mercia, 30

Oldcastle, Sir John, martyred, 221

Olive Branch Petition, the, 547

Omdurman, battle of, 726

Omichund deceived by Clive, 530

Orange, William I. of, leader of Dutch insurgents, 332;

assassinated, 324;

his plots against Elizabeth, 332-335;

sends out Armada, 337;

dies, 348

— III. of Spain, his alliance with James I., 355, 358

— IV. of Spain, and the Spanish marriages, 359

— V. of Anjou, claims Spanish throne, 458;

acknowledged by England, 476

Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III., saves burghers of

Calais, 189;

wins battle of Neville's Cross, 189

Philiphaugh, battle of, 395

Picts, northern tribes of Britain, 3;

ravage Roman Britain, 11;

united to Scots, 47

Pilgrimage of Grace, the, 300

Pindarees, the, 738

Pinkie, battle of, 309

Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, attacks Carteret, 503;

his first ministry, 524;

alliance with Newcastle, 525;

warlike successes of, 526-531;

dismissed by George III., 535;

takes office with Grafton, 542;

made Earl of Chatham, 542;

last speech and death, 549

—, William, the younger, takes office with Shelburne, 556;

his Reform Bill, 558;

prime minister, 559;

his wise rule, 501-505;

his India Bill, 571;

his attitude towards French Revolution, 579;

his war-policy, 581-584;

his Union of Ireland and England, 590;

forms coalitions against France, 593-603;

resigns, 595;

recalled to office, 603;

dies, 608

Pius V., Pope, issues bull against Elizabeth, 331

"Plan of Campaign," the, 718

Plassey, battle of, 530

Poictiers, battle of, 191

Pole, Henry, Lord Montagu, executed by Henry VIII., 301

—, Reginald, papal legate, 318;

Archbishop of Canterbury, 319;

dies, 321

—, Michael de la, minister of Richard II., 207;

exiled, 208

Pole de la. See under Suffolk and Lincoln, Earls of

Pondicherry, taken by the English, 531

Poor Laws, of Queen Elizabeth, 342;

evil working of, 635, 636;

reform of, in 1834, 654

Six Articles, the, 603

Slave trade, the, abolished, 609

Slavery, abolished in English possessions, 654

Sluys, naval victory at, 185

Smith, Adam, his "Wealth of Nations," 563

—, Sir Sidney, saves Acre from Bonaparte, 592

Sobraon, battle of, 726

Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of, minister of Henry VI., 241, 243;

slain at St. Albans, 246

—, Henry, Duke of, Lancastrian leader, 253-255

—, Edmund Seymour, Protector of England, 308;

his Protestantism, 309;

war with Scotland, 309;

deposed, 310;

executed, 313

—, Robert Ker, Earl of, favourite of James I., 356;

his trial and degradation, 357

Sophia, Electress of Hanover, 459

Soult, Marshal, defeated at Corunna, 616;

at Oporto, 618;

at Albuera, 620;

at Pyrenees, 625;

at Toulouse, 626

South African colonies, history of the, 752-754

South Sea Bubble, the, 491

Spa Fields riot, the, 639

Spain, the Black Prince in, 197;

dealings of Henry VII. with, 280;

dealings of Elizabeth with, 324, 330, 333, 337;

subservience of James I. to, 357;

Cromwell's war with, 415;

English invasion of, 468-470;

Walpole's war with, 490;

Pitt's war with, 535;

assists Americans, 548;

allied with French Republic, 585;

allied with Bonaparte, 604;

invaded by Bonaparte, 613 (see Peninsular War);

civil wars in, 655

Spanish marriages, the, of 1846, 665

Spanish Succession, the, 456;

war of, 463

Spencean philanthropists, 639, 640

Spenser, Edmund, 343

Spurs, battle of the, 284

Stafford, William, Lord, executed, 434

Stamford Bridge, battle of, 63

Stamp Act, the, 539;

repealed, 541

Standard, battle of the, 94

Stanhope, James, Earl of, minister of Geo ublic@vhost@g@html@files@47753@47753-h@47753-h-49.htm.html#Page_619" class="pginternal">619

Wakefield, battle of, 251

Walcheren, expedition to, 618

Wales, unconquered by Saxons, 17;

wars of, with Northumbria, 26;

vassal to Edward the Elder, 44;

campaign of Harold in, 59;

Norman conquests in, 83, 92;

wars of Edward I. with, 153-157;

rebels against Edward I., 163;

rebels against Henry IV., 214;

supports Charles I., 381

Wallace, William, rising of, 167;

defeated at Falkirk, 168;

executed, 169

Waller, Sir William, Parliamentary general, 386, 391

Walpole, Sir Robert, minister of George I., 484;

prime minister, 491;

his character and policy, 493;

Excise Bill, 495;

fall of, 499

Walsingham, minister of Elizabeth, 326;

dies, 348

Walter, Hubert, archbishop and justiciar, 121;

dies, 125

Waltheof, Earl, rebellion of, 70;

executed, 77

Wandewash, battle of, 531

Warbeck, Perkin, imposture of, 275-277

Warenne, John, Earl of, opposes quo warranto, 151;

wins battle of Dunbar, 164;

regent of Scotland, 164;

defeated by Wallace, 167

Warwick, Guy, Earl of, opposes and slays Gaveston, 173, 174

—, Richard Neville, Earl of, "the King-maker," Yorkist partisan, 246;

wins battle of St. Albans, 249;

of Northampton, 250;

defeated in second battle of St. Albans, 252;

wins battle of Towton, 253;

subdues the North, 255;

his struggle with Edward IV., 256-258;

slain at Barnet, 258

—, John Dudley, Earl of. See Northumberland

Washington, George, early campaign of, 521;

commands American army, 546;

defeated at Brooklyn, 547;

forces Cornwallis to capitulate, 561

— city of, burnt by British, 627

Waterloo, battle of, 629, 630

Wellesley, Richard, Marquis of, Governor-General of India, subdues Tippoo, 594;

subdues Mahrattas, 604