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[Note—The numbers refer to pages.]

tm.html#Page_313" class="pginternal">313-314.
  • Boccaccio, Petrarch's acquaintance with, 464.
  • BoËthius, 186.
  • Bohemia, king of, an elector of the Empire, 410.
  • Bohemians, Louis the German makes expedition against, 160-161.
  • Bohemond of Tarentum, 294-295.
  • Bologna, University of, 340.
  • Boniface, anoints Pepin the Short, 107.
  • Boniface VIII., conflict with Philip the Fair, 383-384;
    • issues bull Clericis Laicos, 384;
    • issues bull Unam Sanctam, 385;
    • death, 385.
  • Boulogne, count of, uncle of St. Louis, 314.
  • Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction of, promulgated, 394;
  • Bouvines, King John's defeat at, 297, 403.
  • Brackley, English barons meet at, 300.
  • Bretigny, treaty of, negotiated, 439;
  • Britain, Saxon invasion of, 68-72;
    • shores infested by Angle and Saxon seafarers, 68;
    • Roman garrisons withdrawn from, 68;
    • Saxons invited into, 69;
    • Saxon settlement in, 70;
    • Saxons conquer, 71-72;
    • Christianity in, 72;
    • Augustine sent to, 73-74;
    • conversion of Saxon population begins, 75-77.
  • Britons, menaced by Picts and Scots, 68;
    • decide to call in the Saxons, 68-69;
    • conquered by the Saxons, 71-72;
    • early Christianization of, 72.
  • Brittany, Northmen in, 166.
  • Brussels, conference at, 422-423.
  • Buchonian Forest, 57, 58.
  • Burchard, bishop of Chartres, 167.
  • Burgundians, faction in Hundred Years' War, 440.
  • CÆsar, Julius, describes the Germans in his "Commentaries," 19-22;
    • conquest of Gaul, 19, 32.
  • Calais, treaty of Bretigny revised at, 439-440.
  • Calixtus II., concessions made by, in Concordat of Worms, 279-280.
  • Camargue, Northmen establish themselves at, 168.
  • Campus Martius, 107.
  • Chippenham, Danes winter at, 184;
    • siege of, 184;
    • treaty of, 185.
  • Chronica Majora (by Roger of Wendover), scope of, 298;
  • Chronica Majora (by Matthew Paris), value of, 404;
  • Chroniques (by Froissart), character of, 418;
  • Church, development of, 78-96;
    • origin of papacy, 78-79;
    • Pope Leo's sermon on the Petrine supremacy, 80-83;
    • rise of monasticism, 83-84;
    • the Benedictine Rule, 84-90;
    • papacy of Gregory the Great, 90-91;
    • Gregory's description of the functions of the secular clergy, 91-96;
    • Charlemagne's zeal for promotion of, 113;
    • Charlemagne's extension into Saxony, 118-123;
    • influence on development of annalistic writings, 157;
    • education intrusted to, by Charlemagne, 146;
    • to aid in suppressing disorder, 175-176;
    • illiteracy of English clergy in Alfred's day, 190-192;
    • influence on use of ordeals, 197;
    • use of precarium, 206-207;
    • favored by grants of immunity, 210;
    • efforts to discourage private warfare, 228-229;
    • decrees the Peace of God, 229;
    • decrees the Truce of God, 229;
    • reform through Cluniac movement, 246;
    • conditions in St. Bernard's day, 250;
    • Gregory VII.'s conception of the papal authority, 262-264;
    • Gregory VII. avows purpose to correct abuses in, 267;
    • college of cardinals instituted, 269;
    • issue of lay investiture, 265-278;
    • Concordat of Worms, 278-281;
    • liberties in England granted in Great Charter, 305;
    • patronage of universities, 340;
    • menaced by abuses, 360;
    • rise of the mendicant orders, 360;
    • St. Francis's attitude toward, 375, 377-378;
    • use of excommunication and interdict, 310;
    • Edward III. claims French throne, 421-423;
    • naval battle of Sluys, 424-427;
    • battle of CrÉcy, 427-436;
    • the Black Prince sacks Limoges, 436-439;
    • treaty of Bretigny, 439, 441-442;
    • treaty of Troyes, 440, 443;
    • religious decline in fourteenth century, 474;
    • Wyclif's career, 474-475.
  • EpistolÆ de Rebus Senilibus (by Petrarch), 464.
  • EpistolÆ sine Titulo (by Petrarch), 464.
  • EpistolÆ VariÆ (by Petrarch), 464.
  • Erfurt, University of, founded, 345.
  • Établissements de St. Louis, quoted, 217, 223-224.
  • Ethandune, Alfred defeats Danes at, 184.
  • Ethelbert, king of Kent, 72;
    • accepts Christianity, 73, 77;
    • power of, 74;
    • receives Augustine, 76;
    • encourages missionary effort, 77.
  • Ethelred I., king of the English, 182.
  • Ethelstan, of Mercia, 190.
  • Ethelwerd, son of Alfred the Great, 186.
  • Eugene IV., and Council of Basel, 393.
  • Eurie, king of the Northmen, 166;
    • defeated by Louis the German, 166.
  • Eusebius, author of De Temporibus, 468.
  • Excommunication, nature of, 380;
    • of Henry IV. by Gregory VII., 272;
    • of Frederick II. by Gregory IX., 406.
  • Exeter, Danes winter at, 183.
  • Fealty, ceremony of, 216-217;
    • described in an English law book, 218;
    • rendered to count of Flanders, 218-219;
    • ordinance of St. Louis on, 219.
  • Feudalism, importance of, in mediÆval history, 203;
    • most perfectly developed in France, 203-204;
    • essential elements, 204;
    • origins of vassalage, 204-205;
    • formula for commendation, 205-206;
    • development of the benefice, 206-207;
    • example of grant of a benefice, 207-210;
    • origins and nature of the immunity, 210-362-378;
    • Rule of St. Francis, 373-376;
    • Will of St. Francis, 376-378.
  • Fridigern, leader of branch of Visigoths, 33-34, 38, 39.
  • Friesland (see Frisia).
  • Frisia, Northmen in, 159, 162, 166.
  • Froissart, Sire de, "Chronicles" of, 417-418.
  • Fulbert of Chartres, letter to William of Aquitaine, 220-221.
  • Fulcher of Chartres, version of Pope Urban's speech, 286;
    • account of starting of crusaders, 290-291.
  • Fulda, Einhard educated at, 108, 145.
  • Fulrad, Charlemagne's letter to, 142-144;
    • summoned to assembly at Strassfurt, 143;
    • troops and equipment to be brought, 143;
    • gifts for the Emperor, 143-144.
  • Gaiseric, 112.
  • Galicia, Northmen visit, 166.
  • GÂtinais, 329.
  • Gau, 25.
  • Gaul, conquered by Julius CÆsar, 19, 32;
    • invaded by Cimbri and Teutons, 32;
    • Syagrius's kingdom in, 51;
    • the Franks take possession in the north, 51;
    • Clovis overthrows Visigothic power in south, 55-57;
    • monasteries established in, 83;
    • Charlemagne transplants Saxons into, 117-118;
    • Northmen devastate, 159;
    • survival of Roman immunity in, 210.
  • Geoffrey of Clairvaux, 251.
  • Germania (by Tacitus), nature and purpose, 23;
    • contents, 24;
    • translation and editions, 24;
    • quoted, 24-31.
  • Germans, described by CÆsar, 19-22;
    • religion, 21;
    • system of land tenure, 21;
    • magistrates and war leaders, 22;
    • hospitality, 22;
    • described by Tacitus, 23-31;
    • location in CÆsar's day, 20;
    • physical characteristics, 24;
    • use of iron, 24;
    • weapons, 24-446-452.
    • Italy, Frederick Barbarossa and communes of, 398-399.
    • Jerusalem, captured by Arabs, 282;
      • by the Seljuk Turks, 282.
    • Jeufosse, Northmen winter at, 167.
    • Jocelyn d'Avalon, receives fief from Thiebault of Troyes, 216.
    • John, bishop of Ravenna, 91.
    • John the Old Saxon, brought from Gaul by Alfred, 191.
    • John, of England, character of reign, 297;
      • conference of magnates in opposition to, 298;
      • arranges truce with them, 299;
      • takes the cross, 300;
      • scorns the demands of the barons, 301;
      • loses London, 302;
      • consents to terms of Great Charter, 303.
    • John XXIII., elected pope, 390;
      • deposed, 391.
    • John, king of Bohemia, 421.
    • John II. of France, taken captive at Poitiers, 439;
      • later career, 442.
    • John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, 440.
    • Joinville, Sire de, sketch of, 312;
      • biographer of St. Louis, 312.
    • Judith of Bavaria, 149.
    • Julian the Apostate, 271.
    • Jurats, in Laon, 328.
    • Jury, not provided for in Great Charter, 308.
    • Justice, among the early Germans, 22;
      • among the Franks, 61-67;
      • among the Saxons, 121-123;
      • Charlemagne's provision for in capitulary for the missi, 138-139;
      • compurgation, 196;
      • ordeal, 196-197;
      • administration of in the universities, 342, 344, 349.
    • Jutes, settle in Kent, 70.
    • Karlmann, son of Charles Martel, 105.
    • Kent, Saxons and Jutes settle in, 70;
      • Ethelbert, king of, 72, 74.
    • Kingship, among the early Germans, 26.
    • Knut VI., king of Denmark, 380.
    • Koran, origin of, 97;
      • scope and character, 98;
      • essential teachings, 98;
      • translation, 99;
      • quoted, 99-104;
      • opening prayer, 99;
      • unity of God, 99;
      • the resurrection, 100;
      • the coming judgment, 100;
      • reward of the righteous, 310;
      • liberties of the English church, 305;
      • rate of reliefs, 306;
      • aids, 306;
      • the Great Council, 307;
      • writ de odio et Âtia, 307-308;
      • personal liberties and prerogatives, 308;
      • freedom of commercial intercourse, 308-309;
      • means of enforcement, 309.
    • Magna Moralia, written by Pope Gregory, 91.
    • Mainz, a capital of Rhine League, 337;
      • archbishop of, to summon electors of the Empire, 412.
    • Mallus, character, 61;
      • summonses to, 61;
      • complaint to be made before, 63.
    • ManichÆus, 388.
    • Manzikert, Eastern emperor defeated at, 282.
    • Mapes, Walter, Latin Poems attributed to, a source for mediÆval students' songs, 352.
    • Marcomanni, 32, 35.
    • Marriage, of heiresses, right of lord to control, 224-225.
    • Marseilles, St. Louis's companions embark at, 315.
    • Marshall, William, surety for King John, 300-301.
    • Martian, 69.
    • Martin V., elected pope, 391;
      • and Council of Siena, 395.
    • Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, 234.
    • Matilda, Countess, ally of Gregory VII., 274.
    • Matthew Paris, 292;
      • Greater Chronicle of, quoted, 405-409.
    • Maurice, 73.
    • May-field, character of in Charlemagne's time, 142.
    • Mayor of the Palace, rise of, 105;
      • office made hereditary, 105;
      • accession of Pepin the Short, 105;
      • latter becomes king, 107.
    • Merovingians, decadence of, 105-106;
      • end with Childeric III., 105.
    • Merovius, ancestor of Clovis, 50.
    • Metz, 154;
      • diet of, 410;
      • electors of Empire to meet at, 416.
    • Milan, Frederick Barbarossa destroys, 398-399.
    • Ministeriales, functions of, 188.
    • MissaticÆ, 135.
    • Missi dominici, 123;
      • Charlemagne's capitulary for, 134;
      • character and functions, 134-137;
      • employed by Charles Martel and Pepin the Short, 135;
      • to promulgate royal decrees, 141;
      • abuses of, 175-38-41, 43-46.
      • Reserve, nature of, 396.
      • Resurrection, portrayed in the Koran, 100.
      • RhÉ, Northmen winter at, 165.
      • Rhine, the Roman frontier, 19-20;
        • trade in vicinity of, 30, 32.
      • Rhine League, conditions influencing formation, 334;
        • instituted at Worms, 335;
        • restrictions imposed on members, 335;
        • treatment of enemies of, 335-336;
        • capitals, 337;
        • governing body, 337;
        • military preparations, 338.
      • Richar, slain by Clovis, 59.
      • Richer, author of Four Books of Histories, 178.
      • Rivo Torto, St. Francis at, 369.
      • Robert I., 169, 177.
      • Robert the Strong, 168, 177.
      • Robert the Monk, version of Pope Urban's speech, 283-288.
      • Robert of Artois, connection with Hundred Years' War, 423.
      • Robertians, 168;
        • rivalry with Carolingians, 177.
      • Roger de Hoveden, 292.
      • Roger of Wendover, account of the winning of the Great Charter, 298-303, 404.
      • Roland, Song of, 236.
      • Rollo, receives Normandy from Charles the Simple, 172;
        • baptized, 172;
        • improvement of Normandy, 173.
      • Romans, conquest of Gaul by, 19;
        • travelers and traders in Germany, 23, 32;
        • defeat of Varus, 32;
        • put on the defensive, 32;
        • early contact with the Germans, 32-33;
        • alarmed by reports of Gothic restlessness, 35;
        • mistreat the Visigoths, 37;
        • defeated at Adrianople, 39-41;
        • withdraw garrisons from Britain, 68.
      • Roman Empire, filtration of Germans into, 33;
        • efforts to enlarge to the northward, 19, 32;
        • Visigoths desire to enter, 34;
        • Visigoths settle in, 36-37;
        • relation of Charlemagne's empire to, 131-132.
      • Romanus Diogenes, defeated at Manzikert, 282.
      • Rome, development of papacy at, 78-79;
          < tml#Page_389" class="pginternal">389-390;
          • plans of University of Paris to end, 391-392;
          • Councils of Pisa and Constance, 390-393;
          • stops proceedings against Wyclif, 475.
        • Schools (see Education).
        • Scots, menace the Britons, 68;
          • Saxons called in against, 69.
        • Scutage, increased by King John, 297;
          • method of raising specified in Great Charter, 306.
        • Scythia, 43.
        • Seine, Northmen on, 166, 168.
        • Seligenstadt, Einhard at, 109.
        • Selwood, Alfred at, 184.
        • Senlis, meeting of Frankish magnates at, 178.
        • Sens, given over to Northmen to plunder, 171.
        • Septimania, conquered by Childebert, 57.
        • Septuagint, 192.
        • Serfs, fugitive, 138.
        • Sergius II., 158.
        • Senlac (see Hastings).
        • Siegfred, leads siege of Paris, 168.
        • Siena, Council of, 395.
        • Sigibert the Lame, slain by son's agents, 57.
        • Sigismund, appealed to by John XXIII., 391.
        • Simony, 261;
          • Henry IV.'s councilors condemned for, 264.
        • Slander, in the Salic law, 64.
        • Slavery, among the early Germans, 31.
        • Slavs, location in Charlemagne's day, 330;
          • German encroachment upon, 331.
        • Sluys, naval battle of, 424-427.
        • Soana, Hildebrand born at, 261.
        • Soissons, capital of Syagrius's kingdom, 51;
          • Clovis defeats Syagrius at, 51;
          • episode of the broken vase, 51-52;
          • Pepin the Short anointed at, 107;
          • council at, 381.
        • Solidus, value, 61.
        • Spain, invaded by Northmen, 166.
        • Spanish March, annexed to Charlemagne's kingdom, 115.
        • Speculum Perfectionis (by Brother Leo), quoted, 368-373.
        • Speyer, Henry IV. flees from, 274.
        • Stamford, English barons meet at, 300.
        • Stamford Bridge, Harold Hardrada defeated at, 234.
        • Stephen, abbot of CÎteaux, 254.
        • Stephen III., crowns Pepin the Short, 106.
        • Stephen IX., 261.
        • Stephen of Blois, sketch of, 292;
          • letter to his wife, 292-296;
          • recounts experiences of crusaders, 293;
          • describes siege of Antioch, 293-296.
        • Stephen La

          ESSENTIALS IN MEDIAEVAL
          AND MODERN HISTORY

          From Charlemagne to the Present Day

          By SAMUEL BANNISTER HARDING, Ph.D., Professor of European History, Indiana University, in consultation with ALBERT BUSHNELL HART, LL.D., Professor of History, Harvard University.

          $1.50


          Essentials in Mediaeval History$1.00


          The difficulties usually encountered in treating mediaeval and modern history are here overcome by an easy and satisfactory method. By this plan Italy, France, Germany, and England are taken up in turn as each becomes the central figure on the world's stage. The first part of the book is devoted to the period previous to the Reformation; the second to modern history from the Reformation to the French Revolution; and the remainder to the century and a quarter since the occurrence of that great event. This arrangement gives an opportunity to discuss the greatness of England, the unification of Italy and of Germany, and the present organization of Europe under control of the concert of powers, on the same plane as the Crusades, or the Thirty Years' War, or the age of Louis XIV.

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          ¶ For the convenience of those wishing a text-book on Mediaeval History alone, the period from Charlemagne to the close of the fifteenth century is issued in separate form.


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